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Answer Question 3

Information:

Aqueous feed of BaCl2: 10000 kg/h (at 100


) . Enters an MSMPR crystallizer. Neglect

evaporation. Magma leaves at 20


.

Crystallizer volume = 2 m3 Crystal growth rate = 4x10-7 m/s (constant)

Density of dehydrate crystals = 3.097 g/cm3 Density of BaCl2 at 20


= 1.29 g/cm3

Molecular Weight of BaCl2 = 208.27 Molecular weight of BaCl2H2O = 244.31

a) Determine the kg/h (rates per hour) of crystals in the magma product:

According the solubility table, the solubility of Barium Chloride at 100


is 58.3

g/100 g water and at 20


, solubility of Barium Chloride is 35.7 g/100 g water.

Feed ( BaCl 2 solubility ) 10000(58.3)


=
The feed contains is = Total Ba Cl2water 58.3+100 = 3680 kg/h of BaCl2

Feed water content is = 10,000 3680 = 6320 kg/h

MW of BaCl 2
Mass fraction of BaCl2 is = 0.8525
MW of BaCl 2 H 2O

Let y = kg/h of water in crystal

3680 kg/h = (6320 y)(Solubility of BaCl2) + y (ratio of BaCl2 to Water mass fraction)

35.7 0.852
+
3680 kg/h = (6320 y) x ( 100 y ( 10.852

3680 kg/h 2256.24 kg/h = y (-0.357 + 5.7568) = y (5.39976)

1423.76
=263.67
y= 5.39976 kg/h in crystals
0.852 0.852

BaCl2 in crystal = y ( 10.852 = 263.67 ( 10.852 = 1518 kg/h

Therefore, the product crystal in magma is = 263.67 + 1518 = 1781 kg/h

b) Calculate the volumetric flow rate of the magma to compute the residence time in the
crystallizer.

The flow rate of solution in the magma = 10000 1777 = 8223 kg/h
According to SpringerMaterials (2010) , the density of BaCl2H2O crystals is 3100
kg/m3 and the density in the solution in the magma is 1279 kg/m3.

The volumetric rate of the magma is then,


Flow rate of solution Flow rate of crystalsmagma
+
Volumetric Rate = Density of solution Density of crystal
8223 1777
Volumetric Rate =
+
= 6.42924+0.57323 = 7.00247 m3/h
7.0 m3/h
1279 3100

The average residence time,


of the magma is then,
Crystallizer volume 2.0
Residence Time,
=
= =0.28571
h = 17 minutes
Volumetric Rate 7.0

The predominant crystal size is


Lpd = 3G
= 3(4 x 10-7)[17 (60 s/min)] = 0.0012m

c) The mass fraction of crystal estimation in the size range from 20 to 25 mesh
According to W.L. McCabe, J.C. Smith and P. Harriot (2005),
20 mesh has an aperture of 0.833 mm = 0.0833 cm
25 mesh has an aperture of 0.71 mm = 0.071 cm (by interpolation)

L
Calculation of dimensionless crystal size from, z = G

For 20 mesh, z = 0.0833/ (4x 10-7 x 102) cm x 60 s/min x 17 = 2.08


For 25 mesh, z = 0.071 / (0.0024x 17) = 1.74
The formula of cumulative mass fraction of crystals smaller than size L, is:

[ ]
2 3
Z Z
X m =1 1+ z + + exp(z)
2 6

For L of 0.0833 cm having z = 2.08, mass fraction is

[ ]
2 3
2.08 2.08
X m =1 1+2.08+ + exp(2.08) = 0.158
2 6

For L of 0.071 cm having z = 1.74, its mass fraction is

[ ]
2 3
1.74 1.74
X m =1 1+1.74 + + exp(1.74) = 0.099
2 6

Therefore, mass fraction of crystal smaller than 0.0833cm is 15.8wt % meanwhile 9.9%
mass fraction of crystals smaller than 0.071 cm. For that, the mass fraction between 20
to 25 mesh is 0.158 0.099 = 0.059 (5.9 wt%)

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