Chapter 5. Beam column members.

In the foregoing consideration has been given to a columns carrying axial loads only. Loads are rarely concentrically
applied in practice and the effect of eccentricicy of loading must be taken into account.

Buckling Resistance of compression members with moments.

The total stress due by the combined action of axial force and bending moment is:
fy N M,y Mz
M + M , y + M ,z , then we can write + + 1
M1 f y M1 f y M1 f y M1
N My Mz
and finally: + + 1 . Now, taking into account the problem of the loss
A f y M1 Wy f y M 1 Wz f y M 1
of stability, the design according with EBCS-3 is as follows:

a). When lateral-torsional buckling is not a potential failure mode, for Class 1 and 2 cross-sections.
N Sd k y M y , Sd k z M z , Sd
+ + 1 .0
min A f y M 1 W pl , y f y M 1 W pl , z f y M 1
for Class 3 sections: Wpl,y = Wel,y
for Class 4 sections: Wpl,y = Weff,y and A = Aeff
min is the lesser of y and z (reduction factor)
y N Sd z N Sd
ky = 1 1 .5 and kz = 1 1.5
y Af y z Af y
W pl , y Wel , y W pl , z Wel , z
y = y (2 My 4) + 0.90 and z = z (2 Mz 4) + 0.90
Wel , y Wel , z
W pl Wel
= 0 for Class 3 nd 4 sections.
Wel
My and Mz are equivalent uniform factors to be obtained from the following Table according to the shape
of the bending moment diagram between the relevant braced points as follows:

Factor Moment about axis Points braced in direction

My y-y z-z
Mz z-z y-y
MLT y-y y-y
When Lateral torsional buckling is a potential failure mode (When > 0.4 ), these members shall also satisfied:

N Sd k LT M y , Sd k z M z , Sd
+ + 1 .0
z A f y M 1 LTW pl , y f y M 1 W pl , z f y M 1
LT N Sd
k LT = 1 but k LT 1
z Af y
LT = 0.15 z M , LT 0.15 but LT 0.90

Equivalent Uniform Moment Factors.

The values of Factors C1, C2, and C3 corresponding to values of factor k are obtained from the following Table.
Notes:
k = 1 For no fixity at the ends.
k = 0,7 for one end fixed and one end free.
k = 0.5 For full fixity at both ends.
Values of factors C1, C2, and C3

Loading and Value Values of factors

support Bending moment diagram
conditions of K
C1 C2 C3

1.0 1.000 1.000

0.7 1.000 - 1.113
= +1 0.5 1.000 1.144

1.0 1.141 0.998

0.7 1.270 - 1.565
= + 3/4
0.5 1.305 2.293

1.0 1.323 0.992

0.7 1.473 - 1.556
= + 1/2 0.5 1.514 2.271

1.0 1.563 0.977

0.7 1.739 - 1.531
= + 1/4 0.5 1.788 2.235

1.0 1.879 0.939

0.7 2.092 - 1.473
=0 0.5 2.150 2.150

1.0 2.281 0.855

0.7 2.538 - 1.340
= - 1/4 0.5 2.609 1.957

1.0 2.704 0.676

0.7 3.009 - 1.059
= - 1/2 0.5 3.090 1.546

1.0 2.927 0.366

0.7 3.009 - 0.575
= - 3/4 0.5 3.093 0.837

1.0 2.752 0.000

0.7 3.063 - 0.000
=-1 0.5 3.149 0.000