" "

Ho
H BUTTERWORTH G() '
1 % 22n
Ho Ho
20log 'amax 20log 'amin
HC HS
2
Ho
amin &1 amax
2 2
10 HS Ho
10 &1 10
' ' min # # max' & 1' 10 &1
n n 2
S S HC

amin
10
10 &1
(Ho/HS)2 & 1 log
log amax
1 1
(Ho/HC)2 & 1 10 10 & 1 1 &
nMIN ' ' 3dB' n
' n
2 logS 2 log S

H
2k % n & 1
n
1 j 2n
HBUT(s) ' sk% ' e k ' 1, 2, . . n

k (s & sk%)
n

k'1

D(s) Butterworth
H Ho 2
HnBUT(s) ' o G() ' HnBUT(j) ' G(1) ' Ho
D(s) 1% 2n 2
n=1 s%1
n=2 s 2%s 2 / 2%1
n=3 (s%1)(s 2%s%1) ' s 3%2s 2%2s%1
n=4 (s 2%0.765367s%1) (s 2%1.847759s%1) ' s 4%2.613126s 3%3.414214s 2%2.613126s%1
n=5 (s%1)(s 2%0.618034s%1) (s 2%1.618034s%1) ' s 5%3.236068s 4%5.236068s 3%5.236068s 2%3.236068s%1

CHEBYSHEV
CHEBYSHEV n = 0 - 9
n Cn() ' cos n cos&1() Cn() ' cosh n cosh&1()
0 1
1
2 22 & 1
3 43 & 3
4 84 & 82 % 1
5 165 & 203 % 5
6 326 & 484 % 182 & 1
7 647 & 1125 % 563 & 7
8 1288 & 2566 % 1604 & 322 % 1
9 2569 & 5767 % 4325 & 1203 % 9

-1- . .
 Ho Ho Ho
GCH() ' 20log 'amax 20log 'amin
2 HC HS
1 % 2Cn ()

amin
10
10 &1
&1
(Ho / HS)2 & 1 cosh &1
cosh amax
(Ho / HC)2 & 1 10 10 & 1
nMIN ' '
cosh &1 S cosh &1 S

2
Ho
amin &1 amax
2 2
10 HS Ho
10 & 1 10 1 1
' ' min # # max ' &1' 10 &1 3dB ' cosh cosh&1
Cn(S) Cn(s) 2
HC n
Chebyshev :
Ho/ cn Ho/ cn
HCH(s) ' '
s &(1%j1) . . . . . s &(n%jn)
k (s & sk)
n

k'1
sk ' k % jk k ' 1, 2, . . . .n

(2n%2k & 1) 1 1
k ' sin sinh sinh&1
2n n

(2n%2k & 1) 1 1
k ' cos cosh sinh&1
2n n
cn Cn()

/0 /0 ' 20log /
RS 0 H(j) /00
Pmax 1 RL E(j) 1 RL 1)
RS 00 V2(j) 00 0
A() '10 log ' 20log (dB)
P2 2 2

4RS 4RS 2
(s) (&s) ' 1 & H(s) H(&s) ' 1 & H(j) 2 ' &s 2
RL RL

1 & (s) 1 % (s)

Z1(s) ' RS RS > RL Z1(s) ' RS RS < RL
1 % (s) 1 & (s)

-2- . .
 : BUTTERWOR
RS %RL
Ao ' 20 log dB
2 RS RL
Ao & Amax & Amin
1 RL &
20
RL 20 20
: Ho ' 10 ' HC ' Ho@10 < Ho HS ' Ho@10
2 RS RS%RL

RS %RL
A() ' Ao % 20log 1 % 22n ' 20 log 1 % 22n (RL ' 1)
2 RS RL

min
10
10 &1
log
max Amin
Amax 1
10 10
10 &1 10 &1 10 1
n $ nMIN ' ' min # # max ' 10 &1 3dB ' n
2 logS S
n
2 2
2
RL /(RS%RL)2 2 RL /(RS%RL)2
H(j) ' Y H(s) H(&s) ' H(j) 2'&s 2
' (RL ' 1)
1 % 22n 1%2 (&s 2)n

4RS 1%2 (&s 2)n & 4RSRL/(RS%RL)2

(s) (&s) ' 1 & H(s) H(&s) '
RL 1%2 (&s 2)n
RL
2k % n & 1
(RS % RL) n
1 j 2n

: H(s) ' sk ' e k ' 1, 2, . . n

k (s & sk)
n

k'1

: CHEBYSHEV

2
Ao n
A() ' AK % 20log 1 % 2 Cn () AK '
Ao & 20log 1%2 n

Cn() Chebyshev n.

RL
Amax Amin
n
& & RS % RL
20 20
: HC'Ho @ 10 HS'Ho @ 10 H' Amax
RL 20
10 n
RS % RL

-3- . .
 min
10
10 &1
cosh &1
max Amin
Amax
10
10 &1 10 10 & 1 10 1 1
n$ ' min # # max ' 10 &1 3dB'cosh cosh&1
&1
cosh S Cn(s) n
RL
2 &
AK
n
2
HCho 10 20 RL RS % RL
H(j) ' HCho ' '
2 2 RL
1 % 2 Cn () Rs
1%2 n
RS % RL
4RS 2
HCho
4RS 2 RL
(s)(-s) : (s) (&s) ' 1 & H(j) 2'&s 2
'1&
2
RL 1 % 2 Cn ()
2'&s 2
HCho/( cn) HCho/( cn)
H(s) ' '
s &(1%j1) . . . . . s &(n%jn)
k (s & sk)
n
:
k'1
sk ' k % jk k ' 1, 2, . . . .n
(2n%2k & 1) 1 1
k ' sin sinh sinh&1
2n n
(2n%2k & 1) 1 1
k ' cos cosh sinh&1
2n n

: Chebyshev
. n

A / 10
10 min & 1 A / 10
' min # # max ' 10 max & 1
Cn(s)
=max, max (S)>min.
=min, < max (S) = min.
. n
1. = 0, RS=RL, Chebyshev -
n 1 n+1.
2. > 0 ( RSRL) max <

, & 20log 1%2 .
3. > 0, RSRL, max > , ,

A / 10
10 min & 1 A / 10
min # # ] # # 10 o & 1
Cn(s)
, & 20log 1%2 .
4.
Amin / 10 A / 10
10 &1 A / 10 A / 10 10 min & 1
# # 10 o & 1 10 o & 1 # min ' ,
Cn(s) Cn(s)
Chebyshev n 1 n+1.

Ro 1
: ' o R ' RoRn L' Ln C' C
o oRo n

-4- . .


1 RL
Rn * RL C RSLn C Cn

Ln RL Cn RL BW
BW
Rn * RL 2
BW 2
o RL Ln BW RL o Cn

Ln RLAZ BW Cn BW
1 RLAZ
Rn * RL 2 2
Ln RLAZ BW o Cn BW o RLAZ

-5- . .
 -6- . .
 (1)=3dB
Handbook of Filter Synthesis Anatol I. Zverev, Wiley

-7- . .
 (1)=3dB
Handbook of Filter Synthesis Anatol I. Zverev, Wiley

-8- . .
 (1)=3dB
Handbook of Filter Synthesis Anatol I. Zverev, Wiley

-9- . .
 : -RC 2
2
Sallen-Key
k
R1R2C1C2
H(s) '
1 1 1&k 1
s2 % s % % %
R1C1 R2C1 R2C2 R1R2C1C2

Y Sallen-Key
ks 2
H(s) '
1 1 1&k 1
s 2%s % % %
R2C2 R2C1 R1C1 R1R2C1C2

Sallen-Key
ks
R1C1
H(s) '
1 1 1 1&k 2
s 2%s % % % %
R1C1 R3C2 R3C1 R2C1

2 R1 % R2
'
R1R2R3C1C2

1
s
1
R1C2(1 & )
k
H(s) ' !
1 1 1 2
s 2%s % & %
R2C1 R2C2 (k&1)R1C2

2 1
'
R1R2C1C2

, ( notch)
2 R 1
s 2% 1% 2 1& s%
C R2 2R1 b (1&) 2
C R1 R2
H(s) ' b @
2 R2 1
s 2% 1& s%
C R2 2 (1 & ) R1 2
C R1 R2

(MF)
1
R1R3C1C2
H(s) ' !
1 1 1 1 1
s 2%s % % %
R1 R2 R3 C1 R2R3C1C2

-10- . .
 2
(MF)
C1
s2
C2
H(s) ' !
C1 1 1 1 1
s 2%s % % %
C2C3 C2 C3 R2 R1R2C2C3
(MF)
1
s
R1C2
H(s) ' !
1 1 1 1 1 1
s 2%s % % %
C1 C2 R3 R3C1C2 R1 R2
(MF) -

k
s
(k & 1) R1C2
H(s) ' !
R1%R2 C1%C2 R1%R2
s 2%s & %
R1R2C2(k & 1) C1C2R3 R1R2R3C1C2
(MF) Notch
1 1 R 1 2
s 2%s % & 3 %
R4 R2C1 R2C2 R4 R1C1
H(s) '
R3 % R4 1 1 2
s 2%s % %
R2C1 R2C2

2 1
'
R1R2C1C2
(MF) Notch+ Notch-
C3 R1R4(C1%C2%C3) & R2R3C2 2
1% s 2%s % z
C1 R1R2R4C2(C1%C3)
H(s) '
R3 C1%C2%C3 2
1% s 2%s % o
R4 C1C2R2
2 1 2 1
z ' o '
R1R2C1C2%R1R2C2C3 R1R2C1C2

Z CGIC Biquad
R4 % R5
s
Vo(s) RoR5C1
H(s) ' '
E(s) 1 R4
s 2%s %
RoC1 R1R3R5C1C2

CGIC Biquad
1
(2k&) s 2 %
k
2 & 1 C 2R 2
1
' H(s) '
2 1 1
s 2%s %
Q R C R 2C 2

-11- . .
 2
CGIC Biquad (, , , )
Y6 Y5 Y8
Y5 % h(s) Y7 1 % &
V3 Y1 Y1 Y1 Y3
H3(s) ' ' h(s) '
VIN Y5 % Y6 % h(s) Y7 % Y8 Y2 Y4
Y Y Y
Y5 1 % 8 & 6 7 % h(s) Y7
V Y4 Y4
H4(s) ' 4 '
VIN Y5 % Y6 % h(s) Y7 % Y8
3 Tow-Thomas +
s
V1(s) R4C1
H(s) ' ' &
E(s) 1 R6/R5
s2 % s %
R1C1 R2R3C1C2

R6/R5
V3(s) R2R4C1C2
H(s) ' ' &
E(s) 1 R6/R5
s2 % s %
R1C1 R2R3C1C2
3 Tow-Thomas ++ (Notch, Notch-, Notch-
)

1 R6 R6
s 2%s ! %
V2(s) R8 R1C1 C1R4R7 C1C2R3R5R7
H(s)' '!
E(s) R6 1 R8
s 2%s %
C1R1 C1C2R2R3R7

Tow-Thomas ++ (Notch, Notch-, Notch-)

1 R8 2
s 2%s ! % z
V3(s) R6 R1C1 C2R5R7
'!
E(s) R8 1 2
s 2%s %
C1R1

2 R6 2 R8 1 1
' z ' !
C1C2R2R3R5 C1C2R5 R2R4 R1R5
B / Akerberg-Mossberg
&R5 / (C1C2R2R4R6)
H(s) '
1 R5
s 2%s %
C1R1 C1C2R2R3R6

&s / (C1R4)
H '
1 R5
s 2%s %
C1R1 C1C2R2R3R6

-12- . .
 2


1 % (R6/R5)
s2
V1(s) R1C1 1 % (R3/R4)
H(s) ' '&
E(s) 1 % (R6/R5) 2
s 2%s %
R1C1 1 % (R4/R3)

1 % (R6/R5)
s
V2(s) R1C1 1 % (R3/R4)
H(s) ' '&
E(s) 1 % (R6/R5) 2
s 2%s %
R1C1 1 % (R4/R3)
2 R6/R5
o '
R1R2C1C2
1 % (R6/R5)
V2(s) R1R2C1C2 1 % (R3/R4)
H(s) ' '&
E(s) 1 % (R6/R5) 2
s 2%s %
R1C1 1 % (R4/R3)

,
V1(s) (1 % K3 % K4) K1s 2
H(s) ' '
E(s) s 2 % (1 % K3 % K4) K21s % K3 12

V2(s) & (1 % K3) K11s

H(s) ' '
2
E(s) s % (1 % K3 % K4) K21s % K3 12

V3(s) (1 % K3) K112

H(s) ' '
2
s % (1 % K3 % K4) K21s % K3 12
E(s)
1 1 R R
K1 ' K2 ' K3 ' 6 K4 ' 6
R R R R R5 R8
1% 3 % 3 1% 4 % 4
R4 R7 R3 R7
1 ' 1 / R1C1 2 ' 1 / R2C2
, (, , , )
V1(s) & K4 s 2
H(s) ' '
E(s) s 2 % (1 % K3 % K4) K21s % K3 12
V2(s) K41s
H(s) ' '
E(s) s 2 % (1 % K3 % K4) K21s % K3 12
V3(s) & K412
H(s) ' '
s 2 % (1 % K3 % K4) K21s % K3 12
E(s)
1 1 R R
K1 ' K2 ' K3 ' 6 K4 ' 6
R R R R R5 R8
1% 3 % 3 1% 4 % 4
R4 R7 R3 R7
1 1
1 ' 2 '
R1C1 R2C2

-13- . .
 2
4 ( )
R1 R
1& 1&
k R4 k R4
s 2%s %
Vo(s) CR1 C 2R 2
H(s) ' 'k
E(s) 1 1
s 2%s %
CR1 C R 2
2

-14- . .