Common Poisons and Their First Aid

POISON FIRST AID

Acacia, yellow, Gastric lavage with water, adding
willow thicket activated carbon. Saline purgative. Rest,
Warming of the body.
Ammonium hydroxide Gastric lavage with copious amount of
water, adding citric or acetic acid. Orally:
1 percent solution of either of these
acids.
Aniline(Anilinedyes, In natural breathing fresh air and
Nitrobenzene,Toluidine) inhalation of oxygen. In respiratory
arrest: artificial respiration. In internal
poisoning: gastric lavage adding
activated carbon, administration of saline
purgative (30 g) and Vaseline oil (150
ml); emetics (apomorphene). Milk, oils
and spirit are forbidden.
Arsenic and is compounds Copious gastric lavage with water adding
either activated carbon or magnesia
solution (20 g per one liter of water), or
arsenic antidote solution (100 ml per 2-4
liters of water). Internally repeated every
5 minutes 1 tablespoonful of arsenic
antidote or metal antidote, magnesia.
Saline purgative, milk, oil, Warming of
the body, hot water bottle on the belly.
Atropine(Beladonna, Gastric lavage with water, adding either
Henbane,thornactivated
apple) carbon or potassium permanganate solution
(1 : 1000); introduction of saline purgative through a
stomach tube4. Bed-rest; cold to the head. In
weakness:caffeine tables; in respiratory disorders;
artificial respiration and oxygen inhalation.

Benzene, Kerosene,Acetylene In poisoning with vapors :

 inhalation of oxygen, fresh air,
artificial respiration, warming
of the body:
internally:caffeine, ascorbic
acid (vitamin C). In internal
poisoning: the same treatment
and gastric lavage with water
and activated carbon;
purgative: castor oil, and black
coffee and hot milk to drink.
Boric acid Gastric lavage adding activated
carbon. Orally: 20g of
magnesia per glass of water;
limewater: 1 tablespoonful
every 5-10 minutes, milk;
saline purgative.
Calcium oxide Gastric lavage adding acetic
acid. Orally: 1 per cent
solution of citric or acetic acid
milk, egg white.
Chlorine,Chlorine water, In poisoning through inhalation
Limechlorine,Hydrogen : immediate removal from the
chloride,Perchloric acid poisonous atmosphere, fresh
air, warming procedures,
inhalation of oxygen and warm
water vapors with an
admixture of ammonium
hydroxide. In internal
poisoning: immediate washing
out of the stomach using
potassium permanganate
solution adding activated
carbon, or 1-3 per cent
hydrogen peroxide, or 5 per
cent sodium thiosulphate
solution. Inhalation of oxygen,
artificial resolution of oxygen,
artificial respiration when
needed,

Cocaine, Dicaine,Procaine Gastric lavage adding activated

carbon or 0.1 per cent potassium

Cyanogens compounds
(potassium cyanamide, sodium
cyanamide,hydrogen cyanide)
Digitalis,Adonis convalaria,
Anodized
Hydrocyanic acid
(bitter almond,cherry laurel
water,potassium cyanide,cyanic
gas)
Iodine, Lugol’s solution, iodoform
Lead, Lead dioxide,lead acetate
permanganate solution, orally:
2:3 drops of nitroglycerin,
warming procedures, hot coffee,
wine, inhalation of oxygen. In
respiratory disorders and heart
arrest: external heart massage
See: Hydrocynic acid
Gastric lavage adding activated
carbon, bedrest, inhalation of
oxygen, saline purgative Orally:
6-8 drops of 0.1 per cent
atropine sulphate solution.
Emetics are contraindicated
In poisoning by inhalation:
removal of the patient from
poisonous surroundings. Fresh
air, inhalation of amylnitrate or
oxygen. In internal poisoning:
immediate gastric lavage using
potassium permanganate
solution and activated carbon, or
1-3 per cent peroxide hydrogen
solution, or 5 per cent sodium
thiosulphate solution. Inhalation
of oxygen, artificial respiration
when needed.
In internal poisoning : gastric
lavage with 0.5 per cent sodium
thiosulphate solution or drinking
of 2-3 glasses of 5 percent
sodium thiosulphate solution,
thin starch, milk, mucilaginous
decoction, 20 g of magnesia in 1-
2 glasses of water or in aqueous
carbon suspension, alkaline
mineral water. In vapour
poisoning \: fresh air, inhalation
of vapors of 2 percent sodium
hydrocarbon or 5 per cent
sodium sulphate solution.
Internally : emetics
(apomorphine) and sodium or

Methy alcohol(methanol)
Mercuric chloride, calomel,
Mercury and its salts
Morphine,Codeine,dionine,
Opium,omnopon
Organophosphorus
compounds(Tetraethyl
magnesium sulphate solution,
metal antidotes. Gastric lavage
with sodium sulphatge solution
aqueous carbon suspension of
solution of metal antidotes;
saline purgative; in colicky pain:
atropine, nospani hydrochloride
(drotaverine), warm baths.
Copious drinking of alkaline
water, sodium hydrocarbonate;
gastric lavage using the same
solutions; saline purgative.
Internally :30 per cent ethyl
alcohol solution (100 ml), then
50 ml every 2 hours.
Acid drinks or vinegar are
contraindicated. Immediate oral
administration of metal antidotes
oral administration of metal
antidotes. Gastric lavage with an
aqueous solution of the same
antidote. Internally : activated
carbon, magnesia, milk, egg
white, mucilaginous decoctions.
Rising of the mouth with
hydrogen peroxide or potassium
permanganate solution every
hour. Warming, warm baths.
Repeated gastric lavage adding
activated carbon or 0.1 per cent
potassium permanganate
solution, saline purgative.
Inhalation of oxygen. Internally :
6-8 drops of atropine sulphate
solution. In respiratory
disorders: prolonged artificial
respiration. Rest, ice to the
head; emetics are
contraindicated.
On contact with the skin :
washing of the skin with 10 per
monothiopyrophosphate,Thiophos,
Phosphonium, Trichlorphon,
Malathion,Insecticide,
Trichlormethaphos)
Strychnine (nuxvomica, seeds of
various species of Strychnos)
cent ammonium hydroxide or 5
per cent sodium hydrocarbonate
solution. In internal poisoning:
gastric levage with an aqueous
carbon suspension and 2 per
cent sodium hydrocarbonate
solution. Copious drinking of 2
per cent sodium hydrocarbonate
solution. Saline purgative, In
respiratory disorders : inhalation
of oxygen, artificial respiration.
Instantaneous gastric lavage
with an aqueous carbon
suspension and 0.1 per cent
potassium permangnate solution;
vomiting must be induced
Internally : activated carbine,
saline purgative. Rest.