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Lecture 3
02/3/2016
The Big Picture (Part 1)
Week Syllabus Notes
Week 1 Introductory class
Introduction to vibration
Week 2 SDOF Free Undamped Vibration
SDOF Force Undamped Vibration
Week 3 SDOF Free Damped Vibration System identification
SDOF Force Damped Vibration
Week 4 SDOF Base Excitation
SDOF Rotating Unbalanced Mass
Week 5 Numerical Methods Plot responses
2DOF Free Vibration
Week 6 2DOF Forced Vibration
Dynamic Vibration Absorber
Week 7 Test 1
Todays lecture overview
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
Types of damping
Damping force equation
SDOF damped free vibration system and solution
System Identification
Logarithmic decrement
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
Damping
Cause energy to flow out of the vibration system
Types of damping
Viscous damping...
Coulomb damping friction damping
Friction converts kinetic energy into thermal energy or heat
Hysterisis damping - structural damping
Energy loss within the moving structure itself
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
Viscous damping is a type of damping when a system
moving with a velocity v is slowed down by a force
proportional to velocity through viscous effect.
Fast moving objects therefore encounter large forces,
while slowly moving objects encounter only small
forces.
The direction of the force is always to oppose the
velocity.
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
Viscous damper
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
Viscous damping vary with the function of velocity
Fd cx (15)
Damping force velocity
Damping coefficient
k x(t)
m
c
Figure 3
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
FBD
x(t)
Fs
m
Fd
F mx
kx cx mx Equation of motion for
free damped vibration
mx cx kx 0 (16)
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
From calculus, the eom has the solution in the
t
form of x(t ) Ae Trial function
(17)
c
Simplify eom, x x n x 0
2
m (18)
Simplify
2
2n n2 Ae t 0 (21)
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
Solving equation 21
2
2n Ae 0
2
n
t
Since expression Ae t 0
we are left with
2
2n 0
2
n (22)
2 n 2 1 (23b)
Where d n 1 2
(26)
cc 2mn (29)
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
Comparison between underdamped, overdamped,
critically damped and undamped oscillation.
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
Comparison between underdamped (very low
damping), overdamped, critically damped
SDOF Damped Free Vibration
System Identification
System identification is a process used to identify
vibration characteristics such as oscillation frequency
and damping from the measured data.
There are a many techniques available to estimate
the damping of a vibration system such as
Logarithmic decrement method and half power
bandwidth method.
These are among the simplest method available.
System Identification
Logarithmic decrement
Logarithmic decrement is the natural logarithmic
value of the ratio of two adjacent peak values of
displacement in free damped vibration.
It is used to estimate damping in time domain.
In this method, the free vibration displacement
amplitude history of a system to an impulse is
measured and recorded.
System Identification
Logarithmic decrement
System Identification
Logarithmic decrement
Exercise (6)
Using the data in the time response shown in
the next page, estimate:
i. Damped natural frequency
ii. Damped angular natural frequency.
iii. Damping ratio
iv. Natural frequency
v. Angular natural frequency
vi. Period of damped oscillation