AN ANALYSIS OF ERROR MADE BY THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF

MA DARUSSALAM SENGON
By:
fahman
(1271 295)
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
STKIP PGRI JOMBANG

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Problem
Making error is the most natural thing in the world and it is evidently attached to human being. In the
teaching-learning process, most of the students making error in writen or sound productions. Students will
experience errors because it is a process in order to master second language. The teacher have to help them
in solving their problem and improving their ability.
According to Lennon (1991) an error is a linguistics form or combination of forms which in the same
context and under similiar conditions of production would, in all likehood, not be produced by the speakers
native speakers counterparts.
Because of this problem, the teacher should do error analysis in order to know what are the most common
errors produce by the students. It will make easy for the teacher to guide each of the students in mastering
second language.
1.2 Objective of the Research
1. To find what are the most common errors produce by the students in writing recount text
2. To describe the type of the students errors in writing recount text based on surface strategy taxonomies.
3. To describe the type of students errors in writing recount text based on communicative effect taxonomies.
1.3 Procedures
1. Subject
There are 5 persons as the samples in this research. They are the students of XI sains 1 class in SMA N 1
Raman Utara. The age is about sixteenth years old. Their initial are A, B, C, D, E. Among them there are
Instrument
The instrument used in this research is written test. The reasearch was held in SMA N 1 Raman Utara.

Data Analysis
The data will be analyzed based on surface startegy taxonomy. There are some categories, deletion, addition,
substitution, and misordering The table below is the example of table for analizying the error that made by
the students.
 No. The Error Sentence The Types of Error The Right Sentence
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
CHAPTER 2
FRAME OF THEORIES
2.1 Concept of Error
As we know, Making error is the most natural thing in the world and it is evidently attached to human being.
But, there are different definitions of the errors. Accirding to George (1972) learners make errors in both
comprehension and production. Children learning their first language (L1), adult native speakers, second
language learners they all make errors which have different name according to the group committin the
error. Childrens error have been seen as transitional forms, the native speakers one are called slips of
the tongue and the second language (L2) errors are considered unwanted forms.
Brown (1980:166) states that error analysis is the fact that the learners do make errors and that these errors
can be observed, analyzed and classified to reveal something of the system operating within the errors led to
a surge of the learners errors called error analysis. Based on Browns statement, it can be concluded that
error analysis is technique for analyzing and classifying about students error. Corder (1981:89) states that
there are two functions of Error Analysis, they are to investigate the language learning process and to show
whether it necessary for the teacher to have remedial teaching or not.
2.2 Types of Error
Dullay, Burt , Krasen (1982: 151) classify the types of error based on surface strategy t taxonomy :

1. Deletion

This error is characterized by the absence of an item that must appear in well-formed utterance. Although
any morphemes or words in a sentences are potential candidates for deletion, some type of morphemes carry
the bulk of referential meaning of a sentence, noun, verb, adjective and adverb.
For examples:
I singing a song I am singing a song
She is most beautiful girl in the class She is the most beautiful girl in the class

2. Addition

This kind of error is characterized by the presence of an item which must not appear in well-formed
utterance. Here are the examples of those errors:
I can to help you I can help you
Tia is cook in the kitchen Tia cooks in the kitchen
 3. Misordering Error

This kind of error is characterized by the incorrect placement of the morphemes in an utterance, for
examples:
I dont know who are you I dont know who you are
Always she comes late She always comes late
4. Substitution
This error is charcterized by the use of the wrong pronoun. For example:
My mother is cooking. He cooks noodle My mother is cooking. She cooks noodle
I know they I know them
CHAPTER 3
DISCUSSION
3.1. Result
The data of the research will be analyzed in order to know what are the errors made by the students of X1
sains 1 of SMA N 1 Raman Utara in writing recount text and narrative text. The sample are 6 persons that
take randomly. In this research, the students were asked to write their experience. Here are the result of of
the students works : (the real works are attached in appendix).
Student A
Point in time go to school I and friend see are children fall from bicycle. We very afraid because this
children wound and peoples assist. But we near slow to school. However we not slow to school, and we
very happy because not slow to school. This is my ugly experience.
Student B
I have some good experience, but in this moment, I will tell about once of my experience. When I was in the
X grade, I ever followed a GIS 6 championship in SMA N 3 Metro. At that time, I followed LCT. I followed
it with my friends, Putri and Yuli and other students followed in other champion, for example hafidz,
kaligrafi, and story telling. We went there by motorcycle from school. Some teachers accompanied us.
Arrived there, we stay in basecamp and in the evening,the championship was started. I,Putri, and Yuli got
number five. After we followed LCT at first day, we were in semi final. The next day, we started to follow
LCT again. But,we were lose. We were very sad. Other students from our school that followed other
champion were lose too. Although we felt sad, but we also felt happy because this is our new experience. I
felt very happy too because I can followed inter Lampung championship.
Student C
The little I ever at to invite family in Jakarta.I to depart at day Sunday by to ascend car. Time I at journey I
to halt for breakfas. Then I to continue more journey the Jakarta.Arrive her at Jakarta us to spend the night at
hotel. Then us the Tanggupan Perahu done that us Ancol.Done from Ancol us to call at the mol for cost.
Then us all ready to go home the house us at Lampung.
Student D
)5.00 a.m., I am get up, then I am sweeping, after that am take a bath. 06.30 a.m. I am go to school and
14.00 p.m. I am back to house, then I am break. After that sweeping 18.00 p.m. I am prayer, after that study,
hen I am watching TV, after finish prayer and 21.00 p.m. I am sleeping.
Student E
Every day Im get up with at 05.15 a.m. yhen to clean up room. At 05.20 a.m. Im sholat then bath. With at
06.35 a.m. Im breakfast then Im go to school. With at 07.15 a.m. 02.00 p.m. Im school. Thenwith at
02.30 p.m.Im back to home then lunch then sleep or wact tv. At 03.30 p.m. I cokking then at 05.15 p.m.Im
bath. At 06.00 p.m. dinner then sholat. At 06.50 p.m.study and at 08.30 p.m. Im sleeping.
3.2.Discussion
Student A
No. The Error Sentence The Types of Error The Right Sentence
1. Go to school I and friend Missordering My friend and I ago to school
2. See are children fall from Addition See children fall from bicycle
bicycle
3. We very afraid Deletion We are very afraid
4. Peoples assist Addition People assist
5. But we near slow to school Misformation But, we are not far from school
6. However we not slow to Misformation However we are not far from
school school
7. We very happy Deletion We are very happy
8. Because not to slow to Misformation Because we didnt come late to
school. school
Student B
No. The Error Sentence The Types of Error The Right Sentence
1. I have some good experience Deletion I have some good experiences
2. I ever followed as GIS Deletion I have ever been followed at GIS
6championship in SMA N 3 6 championship in SMA N 3
Metro. Metro
3. And other students followed Deletion And other students followed in
in other champion other champions
4. We stay in basecamp Deletion We stayedin basecamp
5. I, Putri and Yuli got number Misordering Putri, Yuli, and I got number five
five
6. We were lose Addition We lose
7. Other students from our Addition Other students from our school
school that followed other that followd other champion lose
champion were lose too too
8.. Although we felt sad, but we Addition Although we felt sad, we also felt
also felt happy happy
4. I felt very happy too because Addition I felt very happy too because can
can followed inter Lampung follow inter Lampung
championship championship
Student C
No. The Error Sentence The type of Error The Right Sentence
1. The little I ever at to invite Addition I have ever been invite family in
 familiy in Jakarta Jakarta
2. I to depart at day Sunday by Addition I depart at Sunday by car
to ascend car
3. Time at journey I to halt for Global Error I went to halt for having
breakfas breakfast
4 Then I to continue more Addition Then I continue the journey
journey
5. I to continue journey the Misordering I continued journey to the Jakarta
Jakarta
6. Arrive at her at Jakarta us to Global error We spent the night at hotel after
spend the night at hotel arrived at Jakarta
7. Then us the Tangkuban Global error Then we went to Tangkuban
perahu done that us Ancol Perahu after that we went to
Ancol
8. Done from Ancol us to call at Global error After we went to Ancol, we went
the mol for cost to the mall for shopping
9. Then us all ready to go home Global Error Then all of us were ready to go
the house us at Lampung home
Student D
No. The Error Sentence The Type of Error The Right Sentence
1. I am get up Addition I get up
2. I am sweeping Addition I sweep
3. Am take a bath Deletion I am take a bath
4. I am go to school Addition I go to school
5. I am prayer Addition I prayed
6. After that study Deletion After that I study
7. Then I am watching TV Addition Then I watch TV
8. After finish prayer Deletion After finish I pray
9. I am sleeping Addition I sleep
Student E
No. The Error Sentence The Type of Error The Right Sentence
1. Every day Im get up with at Addition Every day I get up at 05.15 a.m.
05.15 a.m.
2. Then to clean up room Addition Then clean up the room
3. At 05.20 a.m. Im sholat Addition At 05.20 a.m. I pray
4. Then bath Deletion Then I take a bath
5. With at 07.15 a.m.-02.00 Addition At 07.15 a.m. 02.00 p.m I go to
p.m. Im school school
6. Then with at 02.30 p.m. Im Addition Then at 02.30 p.m. I back to
back to home home
7. Then lunch Deletion Then I have lunch
8. Then sleep or watc tv Deletion Then I sleep or watch tv
9. At 03.30 p.m. I cokking Addition At 03.30 p.m. I cook
10. Then at 05.15 p.m. Im bath Then at 05.15 p.m. I take a bath
11. At 06.00 p.m. dinner then Deletion At 06.00 p.m. I have dinner then
sholat sholat
12. At 06.50 p.m. study Deletion At 06.50 p.m. I study
13. At 08.30 p.m. Im sleeping Addition At 08.30 p.m. I sleep
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
 Based on the data analysis, the writer conclude :
1. The most common error that made by the students are deletion and addition.
2. The cause is because less of exercise and lack of knowledge about their second language
3. Error analysis can help the teacher for guiding the students in mastering second language.

REFERENCES
Kiparsky.1973. Idiosyncratic Dialect and Error Analysis. Oxford University Press.London
rashen, Stephen and Burt Marina and Dulay Heidi.1982. Language Two. Oxford University Press. New York
http ://www.learning-theories.com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory.html
http ://www.learning-theories.com/discovery-learning-bruner.html