ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We thank Almighty GOD for such an opportunity to take up and complete this project
successfully.

We express our sincere gratitude to Prof. SHAHIR V K (Principal, AWH

Engineering College, kuttikattoor) and to Ms. LEKHA PANKAJ (Associate professor and
HOD of Electronics & Communication Engineering) for providing us the facility for this
project.

We place our sincere thanks to Mr. MANU PRASAD (Assistant professor of ECE)
our project coordinator, who helped us to correct our mistakes and boosted our spirits by giving
innovative suggestions.

We extend our heartfelt thanks to our project guide and coordinator Ms.
NAMRUTHA U (Assistant professor of ECE) for her valuable help and guidance for
successful completion of the project. Her motivation and encouragement helped us a lot to
complete this project within the time schedule.

We also thank all members of the faculty of the department of Electronics &
Communication Engineering, our colleagues and others who helped us in this project.
 CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES i

1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW 2
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 2
2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DISCRIPTION 2
3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 3
3.1 CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION 3
3.2 CIRCUIT WORKING 5
4. COMPONENTS IN DETAIL 6
4.1 CD4011 (QUAD NAND GATE) 6
4.2 NE555 TIMER 7
4.3 MCT2E OPTO-COUPLER 8
5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 9
5.1 ADVANTAGES 9
5.2 DISADVANTAGES 9
6. APPLICATIONS 10
7. PCB FABRICATION 11
7.1 COMPONENT LAYOUT DESIGN 11
7.2 PCB LAYOUT DESIGNING 13
7.3 DRILLING 17
7.4 ETCHING 17
7.5 SOLDERING 17
8. RESULT 18
9. CONCLUSION 19
10. FUTURE SCOPE 20
11. REFERENCES 21
APPENDIX 22
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Name Page No

2.1 Block Diagram 3

3.1 Circuit Diagram 4

4.1 CD 4011 Pinout 7

4.2 NE555 Timer Pinout 8

4.3 MCT2E Pinout 9

7.1 Design Suit 12

7.2 Circuit Diagram Space 13

7.3 Components Window 13

7.4 Selecting Board Edge 14

7.5 Circuit PCB Layout 16

8.1 Product Photography 18

 1. INTRODUCTION

Anyone who drives a car in an urban setting may want to include an anti-carjack
system as part of an overall car anti-theft system. For several years now there has been a
phenomenon that has plagued our cities known as carjacking. This is when a thief actually
takes a vehicle with the owner present. Often, the thief may threaten, hurt or in the unlikely
event, kill the owner of the vehicle they have targeted. Authorities suggest that you dont
confront a thief under these circumstances, but rather just let him take the vehicle. An anti-
carjack device or feature assures that the thief will abandon your car undamaged and possibly
get caught.

Consider if criminal stops your car by force and you are left with no option but
to surrender the car. The criminal drives away your car, but about some seconds later the
engine stops running on its own and wont restart. Unable to use the dead vehicle, the
perpetrator has to abandon it.

Carjacking can be prevented using the anti-carjack system described here. The
circuit automatically senses carjacking and stops the vehicle. In case the circuit is
accidentally tripped off, it can be easily reset using a hidden switch. Two LEDs indicate the
status of the system to the vehicle driver.
 2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

QUAD NAND
GATE CD4011
CAR TIMER IC
BATTERY NE555

IGNITION
COIL
Figure 2.1 Block Diagram

2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

The anti-carjack system mainly consist of the car battery, Quad nand gate IC, Timer IC and
ignition coil

The car battery is the main device which gives the supply current to the anti-carjack system
circuit. The circuit is powered by 12V DC source and is supplied from the car battery. The
main controlling device in this circuit are the quad nand gate IC CD4011 and the timer IC NE
555

3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 Figure 3.1 Circuit Diagram

3.1 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Fig shows the circuit of the anti-carjack system. It comprises quad NAND gate CD4011
(IC1), timer NE555 (IC2), optocoupler MCT2E (IC3) and a few discrete components. The
circuit is powered by 12V DC from the vehicle battery. Diode D1 protects against any
possible reverse voltage. The main controlling elements of the circuit are NAND gates N1
and N2 and timer NE555.

The input to gate N2 comes from a car accessory power line (such as cigarette lighter power
socket) that is energised by the ignition switch. The input to gate N1 comes from the door
switch that connects the dome light. The door switches in the vehicle provide the ground
return for the dome or courtesy light when any of the doors is opened.

The line connecting the door switch to the lamp is at 12V when the door is closed and at zero
when any door is open. Logic signal from the dome light is fed through diode D2 to pins 12
and 13 of gate N1, which inverts it to drive pin 2 of gate N2. At the same time, the accessory
power line, which is at 12V when ignition switch is turned on, connects to input pin 1 of gate
N2 through diode D3.

Under normal conditions, when the ignition switch is on and the doors closed, the output of
gate N2 at pin 3 is high. However, when a door is opened, the output of gate N2 at pin 3 goes
low. This negative-going output from gate N2 is coupled to the trigger input (pin 2) of NE555
(IC2), which is configured as a monostable multivibrator. Output pin 3 of IC2 goes high for a
period determined by the combination of resistor R4 and capacitor C5.

The two remaining NAND gates (N3 and N4) of CD4011 are connected in a bistable
multivibrator configuration with two input terminals, pins 8 and 6. The bistable configuration
has two stable states with logic outputs at pin 4 and pin 10 always being opposite to each
other. A negative transition at the input terminal of either gate N3 or N4 causes the bistable to
change the state.

When the time period of NE555 (IC2) is over, its output pin 3 goes low. This negative-going
signal is coupled to the input of gate N4 causing the bistable circuit to change the state. As a
result, pin 4 of gate N4 goes high.

The high output of gate N4 forward-biases the internal LED of optocoupler MCT2E (IC3),
driving the internal transistor into saturation. As a result, relay RL1 energises and its
normally-closed (N/C) contact opens to cut the power to the ignition coil and stall the vehicle.
When reset switch S1 is pressed, a negative transition is applied to pin 8 of gate N3. Pin 4 of
gate N4 goes low to de-energise the relay and allow the vehicle to start.

The green LED (LED1) driven by MOSFET T1 glows to alert the vehicle owner if the timer
has been activated, either by a carjack attempt or by inadvertent opening of a door when the
ignition switch is on. LED1 gives the driver a warning that the circuit has been triggered
and a lock-out will occur in about 60 seconds. The red LED (LED2) glows whenever relay
RL1 energises to stall the vehicle.

The circuit is designed to be fail safe. The N/C contact of RL1 is used to control vehicle
operation. The relay doesnt energise unless the circuit is powered and the timer triggered.

Any component failure may cause the relay to energise. To de-energise it, open jumper JP to
cut off power to the relay coil circuit so that RL1 contacts remain closed.
 3.2 CIRCUIT WORKING

You need a 12V DC source, two SPST switches and a multimeter for preliminary testing of
the circuit. One SPST switch (say, switch-1) is connected between the dome light and ground
and the other SPST switch (say, switch-2) is connected between the accessory point and 12V.

Check the circuit for proper connection and polarity. Also, make sure that both SPST
switches are open. Now turn the power on. If LED1 glows, allow at least 60 seconds for it
to go off. If LED2 glows, press reset switch S1 to put it off.

Close test dome switch-1 by connecting to ground. Both LEDs should go off. Open test
switch-1, then close test switch-2 to simulate ignition-on condition. Both LEDs should
remain off. Close both test switches (switch-1 and switch-2), then open them. LED1 should
glow. It should continue to glow for about 60 seconds. When LED1 goes off, LED2 should
light up. Use multimeter to verify the resistance between the N/C contact and the pole of
relay RL1. It should be infinite. Now if you press reset switch S1, LED2 should go off.
 4. COMPONENTS IN DETAIL

4.1 CD 4011(QUAD NAND GATE)

Figure 4.1 CD 4011 Pinout

CD4011 is the most commonly used

complementary metal oxide
Semiconductor (CMOS) chip. The IC
comprises of 14 pins with four
independent NAND gates (N1, N2, N3,
N3) in a single chip. Each NAND gate
has two inputs and one output. The
working of cd4011 IC requires 5V to
16V to operate. Each output can deliver
output current of about 10mA at 12V but this range can reduce as the power supply voltage
reduces. The positive terminal of the battery was connected to the pin 14 and negative
terminal of the battery was connected to the pin7 .The output pins of the IC are 3,4,10,11 and
input pins are 1,2,5,6,9,8,12,13.
 4.2 NE555 TIMER IC

Figure 4.2 NE555 Pinout

The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation,
and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and
as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide two or four timing circuits in one package.

Introduced in 1972 by Signetics, the 555 is still in widespread use due to its low price, ease of
use, and stability. It is now made by many companies in the original bipolar and in low-
power CMOS. As of 2003, it was estimated that 1 billion units were manufactured every
year. The 555 is the most popular integrated circuit ever manufactured.

Modes

The IC 555 has three operating modes:

Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger the 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not
connected and no capacitor is used. Uses include bounce-free latched switches.

Monostable mode in this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot" pulse generator.
Applications include timers, missing pulse detection, bounce-free switches, touch switches,
frequency divider, capacitance measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) and so on.

Astable (free-running) mode the 555 can operate as an electronic oscillator. Uses
include LED and lamp flashers, pulse generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security
alarms, pulse position modulation and so on. The 555 can be used as a simple ADC,
converting an analog value to a pulse length (e.g., selecting a thermistor as timing resistor
allows the use of the 555 in a temperature sensor and the period of the output pulse is
determined by the temperature). The use of a microprocessor-based circuit can then convert
the pulse period to temperature, linearize it and even provide calibration means.

4.3 MCT2E OPTO-COUPLER

Figure 4.3 MCT2E Pinout

Opto-isolators or Opto-couplers, are made up

of a light emitting device, and a light
sensitive device, all wrapped up in one
package, but with no electrical connection
between the two, just a beam of light. The
light emitter is nearly always an LED. The
light sensitive device may be a photodiode,
phototransistor, or more esoteric devices
such as thyristors, TRIACs etc.

The MCT2E series of opto-coupler devices each consist of gallium arsenide infrared LED
and a silicon NPN phototransistor. They are packaged in a 6-pin DIP package and available in
wide-lead spacing.

5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

4.1 ADVANTAGES

Robbery of cars can be reduced by using this system

We can understand the status of the system by LED blinking

 Cheap and easy to execute

4.2 DISADVANTAGES

Jumpers used to de-energise relay when any component failure occur

 6. APPLICATIONS

Used in cars as an anti-theft system.

Used in other vehicles also as an anti-theft system.

 7. PCB FABRICATION

PCB is a circuit board with printed copper layout connections. These PCBs
are of two types. One is dotted PCB and other is layout PCB.In this project, we use
layout PCB.

Layout PCB is simple to design. Circuit is drawn using PCB designing

softwares and using this design the layout of the circuit and then by etching process
preparing the copper layout of the circuit and solder the components in the correct
places. It is simple to design, take less time to design, no shortages, looking nice and
perfect.

The PCB designing is done using software named Proteus.In Proteus, we can
design any circuit and simulate the circuit and make PCB layout for that
circuit.Proteus professional is a software combination of ISIS schematic capture and
ARES PCB layout program.

Figure 7.1 Design Suit

7.1 COMPONENT LAYOUT DESIGN

Circuit component designing is placing of different components of circuit.

Run the ISIS professional program by clicking the icon on the desktop, then splash screen
will appear. Next, a work space with interface buttons for designing circuit will appear.
There is a blue rectangular line in the workspace and the whole circuit is designed inside
the rectangular space.
 Figure 7.2 Circuit Diagram Space

Next step is selecting the components to our required circuit.Proteus includes

many libraries with thousands of components symbols. We can select required symbols
from the library and place it in the schematic.

Figure 7.3 Components Window

Select the all components from library, that components are added to device list. Then
click in the work space and then the selected component is placed in work space. Place all
the components in the work space and put the cursor at the component pin end. Then
 draw the connections with that pen symbol. After placing the component symbol,
complete the interconnections. After completion of designing save the file and debug
it.This is virtual simulation means without making circuit we can see the result virtually
through this software.

7.2 PCB LAYOUT DESIGNING

Proteus has the integrated ARES PCB designing suit. By using this, we can
easily develop the PCB layout. After simulation save the circuit designing and click on tools
and then select net list to ARES. Then a window will open with list of component packages.
Then next step is creating a board edge by selecting 2-Dgraphics box mode. Next click on the
select layer at the bottom left corner and select the board edge option.

Figure 7.4 Selecting Board Edge

Then next green line will appear on clicking work space. Depending upon the
component and connections, we have to determine the size of the box, according to outline
the PCB has to be drawn. Within that draw a box and click once again. Then the box is fixed
and turn into yellow color layout. The circuit should be in the yellow box. Next click on the
component name and change the angle of the component by using the rotation arrow option if
required.
 Then place the component on the work space. After adding all the components
to the work space, arrange the position of the component properly in the work space. Place all
the components of footprint in the optimum position to make routing space. Space referring
to the schematic diagram. After placing all the components in the correct position, next thing
is tracking

Tracking means establishing the connection between the components with

copper layer. First select the track mode by clicking the track mode button, and change the
track width by clicking C create or E edit button. Select width of the track from the given
list. The next thing is to create track between components. Connection representation in green
line and yellow line shows the direction. After setting the track width, click at the component
one and with pen and follow the green line. When two components are successfully
connected, then green line will remove automatically.

PCB components are placed at one end and connections (tracking) are done in
another side, PCB design is done using bottom layer.

The direction is indicated in white arrow mark. Connection is indicated in green

line and blue line indicates the track. To see the final circuit, click on output in menu bar and
then select the 3D visualization. Then the circuit visualization will open in another window. It
is having the features of all angles visualization, components less board view and back layer
view.

Print of the circuit, layout is obtained by clicking on output in menu bar and
clicking on print. Then print layout setup window will open. In this window all layer
selection options, modes,path,rotation options,scales,reflection and image preview are
available. While printing the copper layer, one important thing is that reflection selection.
That should be selected in mirror mode.
Figure 7.5 Circuit PCB Layout
 7.3 DRILLING

The diameter of the holes varies for different components. For ICs it is about
1mm, for resistors, capacitors etc. it is about 1.25 mm.Specified drilling are used for drilling
holes.

7.4 ETCHING

It is the process where all excess copper and the painted portion is left
behind. To remove excess copper various chemicals are used. The PCB is immersed in the
solution. It takes long time (about one hour, depending on the PCB size) to each. Then PCB is
taken out from the solution. This solution can be used again. The laminate is thoroughly
washed in falling water. Now etching is complete.

7.5 SOLDERING

Soldering is a process for the joining of metal parts with the aid of a molten
metal (solder), where the melting temperature is suitable below that of the material joined.
When bonding to the surface, soldering consist of the relative positioning of surface to be
joined, wetting these surface to the molten solder and allowing the solder to cool down until
it is solidified. During this operation auxiliary medium is mostly used to increase the flow of
properties of molten solder or to improve the degrees of wetting. Such a medium is called
flux.
 8. RESULT

With the completion of mini project, gained the knowledge in practical electronic circuit
design and assembly, stage by stage circuit debugging in, routing and transferring the circuit
to common board. Completed the project work and submitted working model of the soldered
circuit to our project guide. This project has given a good result and has elevated our
confidence levels to a greater frontier. This project has overwhelmed us with great
satisfaction and joy to observe the results and the applications of this work which seems to be
boundless.In this project, anti-carjack system, we designed a circuit to protect the car from
hijacking of robbers.
 9. CONCLUSION

We can use this project in cars and other heavy vehicles as an anti-carjack system to prevent
hijacking. This circuit is cheap and simple also, so we can use this system to increase our
vehicle protection at least cost. As the number of vehicles increasing day by day and security
of vehicles also need to be increased. So using this type of system will protect the vehicle
without further damages also. We can additionally add several other facilities also to this
circuit to increase the level of security.
 10. FUTURE SCOPE

Now day by day the number of vehicles increasing, the level of security also needs to be
increased. So we can add anti-theft alarm into this system. As the robber hijacks the car and
the circuit starts working, at the end the alarm will start. We can add GPS module also into
this system to know the exact position of the vehicle. And if by chance the car gets lost, the
owner can detect the position of the car by GPS synced with the owner smartphone.
 11. REFERENCES

1. http://www.corvetteforum.com/forums/c3-general/2783053-anti-car-jack-system.html
2. http://electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/hardware-diy/anti-carjack-system.
3. http://www.autos.com/aftermarket-parts/what-is-an-anti-carjack-system
4. https://forums.tesla.com/forum/forums/required-anticarjack-system
5. https://google.com/patents/WO2007084096A2
APPENDIX