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2014


Chiinu
Editura Tehnica-UTM
2014


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,

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UTM, 2014
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:

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:
mv2 2 kx 2 2 ;

Y m d t1 X x0 x
2 2

, ;

, ,
, ;


3

.

:

-, , ,
,
, ,
, ,
, .
: .3-13, . 3 [1], . IV. n 4.5 [3]

,
,
:
Ek A. . (1.1)
F const. ,
- ,

s ,
:


A F s Fs cos . (1.2)
F const.


ds , ,
. ,

.
, , .
, F const.
:
4

Fds ,

A (1.3)
l
l ,
.

, m ,

, . .
v F
,

( F. const ) , ,
, :
A. F. s cos m a s , (1.4)
, ,
m
a , , .., F. m a s -
, .
v 2 a s
2
a s
(1.4), (1), :
mv 2
Ek , (1.5)
2
v - .
F const. ,
(1.3), ,
(1.5).

F const ,
m ,
A Fs cos Fs s mas , (1.6)
Fs F cos - F
,
5
, .. Fs ma . aS
v v 2aS (1.4), :
2
2
2
1

mv22 mv12
A (1.7)
2 2

E k 2 E k1 A . (1.8)
,
, ,
,
. ,
, , ,
.

-
-
-

.

. . 1.1
m
,
k (.1.1).
x x0 x (. 1.1),

F kx , (1.9)
,

6
 0
kx2
A k xdx , (1.10)
x
2
,

x1
kx2 kx12
A k xdx , (1.11)
x
2 2

x x1 . x
Ek1 0 .
x0 , ,
v ,

mv 2
Ek 2 . (1.12)
2
(1.10) (1.12) (1.8),
,
:

mv2 kx 2 . (1.13)
x0
,
d :
d
v , (1.14)
t1
t1 ,
d
( x0 )
. (1.14) (1.13)
, x x0 x ,
7
,
,
:
2
d
m k x0 x .
2
(1.15)
t1
(1.15),

Y pX b , (1.16)

2
d
Y m , (1.17)
t1
X x0 x ,
2
(1.18)

b - , Y
X 0 . b ,
x x x0
- ,
,
, b 0 . ,

(1.15) ,

,
,

.

Y m d t1
2

X x0 x .
2
. 1.2

8
 ,
(. 1.2).

BC
p tg k. (1.19)
AC
n ,
, n 5 N 10
. (1.19) ,
.
, p ,
p
p p k k
(. 3.5 [4]). p
P 68,3% .

(. [4])

,
.
,
(. 1.3). (.
1.3) .

.
x ,
x x0 x .
x0 ,
t1 .
-

, . 1.3
9

, x
x0
.
: 1) m ,
x ; 2)
m , x .
,
x0 ,
.

1.
(, , ,
, ).
Continuare (),
Caracteristicele lucrrii ( ).
: ,
.
Continuare Efectuarea msurrilor
( ). n
N .
2.
(
,
).
d .
, (
). m .
,
:
.

10

.
3. ,
,
.
x0 .
4. COM-
.
5. ,
x (. 1.1).
x .
,
.
0,5
.
6. Start,
t1 ,
.
Citirea datelor ( )
,
X x0 x
2

Y m d t1 .
2

7. Urmtoarea msurare
( ) 5 6
N 1 .
,
,
.
8.
Urmtoarea msurare,
X x0 x Y m d t1 .
2 2

x
11
 . ,
.
.
9. 8 n 2
x .
10.
Continuare ()
Prelucrarea datelor experimentale (
).
.
11. Accept
Prelucrarea datelor experimentale
,
, k .
12. Accept Calculul
erorilor ( )
.
13. .
14. Accept
Concluzii () .
15. Referat ().
.
.
16. Fini
.

1.
: a) ; b) .
2.
m ,
v .
3.
.
12
 4.

(1.13).
5.
x0 ?
6. ?
7. (1.15)?
8. ,
?
9.
?
10.

?
11.
, ,
?
12.
?
13. ?
14. ,
?

2c

:
.
: ,
:

13

;


, ()
;

(2.5) (2.6) ;

()
;
,


;
,

.
:

-, ,
, 2 ,
, ,
, , 2 ,
, , , .
: .13 22 . 2 [1].

, a ( )
F ,

14
 , ,
F :
F
a (2.1)
m

F ma , (2.2)
F , ,
m a,
,
F .
,
, . m const. .
, m const. ,
:
dp
F , (2.3)
dt
p mv . ,
F , ,
-
.
-,
F
(2.3)

m const. ,
(2.2).

,
-
- . 2.1
( F const. ).

15
 a const.


(. 2.1).
( ) N , mg
( ) F ,
,
. :
1. ()
F mg
N , .. mg sin F ,
.
2. ()
F mg
N , .. mg sin F ,
.
, ,
(2.2), x (. 2.1),
a , :
mg sin ma (2.4)

h
ag , (2.5)
l
sin h l , l - .
,

(2.5).
,
, . (2.2)
x y (. 2.1) :

16
 mg sin F ma,

mg cos N 0,

F N .
: a g cos tg .
, l b0
cos b0 l 1 . , tg h b0 , :

h
a g . (2.6)
b0
, h
. 0
(2.6) (2.5). ,
(2.6),
h b0 .
(2.5)
(2.6),
,

,
.
, :
v v0
a , (2.7)
t
v0 - , v
t . a ,
t .
(2.7) :
v v0 at . (2.8)

17
 , ,

( ).
. ,
,

,
,
. , S
t ,
v S t v0 t at 2 / 2/ t v0 at / 2 , (2.9)
.
-

v0 v
-
n 3

t1 t3 ,
-
d , . 2.2
-
, ,
A B (. 2.2). , ,
t 2 , A
B. ,
v d t1 vB d t 3

, t1 2 t3 2 .
t (2.8) t t1 2 t2 t3 2.
(2.8),

18
 d t3 d t1
a . (2.10)
t1 2 t2 t3 2
(2.5)
/2
Y pX b ,
Y a, X h l, pg.

, b 0 ,




. 2.3
. . 2.3
,
,
sin , a :
sin h l h0 l0 . F
mg N
():
F F mg sin 0 mg h0 l0 .
(2.5),

- 2
, , -


- /2
-

p : p p g p p .
, .2.4
(2.5),
19
 ,


, ,

, .
(2.6),
Y pX b , Y a , X h b0 , p g , b g .

, ,
(2.6),
(. 2.4)

p BC AC g . (2.11)
(. 2.4)
, .

, (2.6).

1.
.
,
.

.
d 10 .

.
2. ,
(. 2.2) ,
sin h l 0, 2 .
.
20
Foaie de titlu ( ) Caracteristicele
experienei ( )
Continuare ()
Efectuarea msurrilor ( ).
h ( ,
,
) l
.
,
n , N .
3. Start
M 0 .
t1 , t2 t3 .

, Citirea datelor
( )
h l
.
4. 3 N 1 .
5.
3 4.
6. 5 n 2 .
7. ,
Continuare (),
Prelucrarea datelor experimentale (
).
. Accept
Procesarea datelor
,
.
8. Accept Calculul
erorilor
.
.
21
 9. Accept
Concluzii ()
.
10. Referat
. .
11. Fini
.
12. ,

,
() .

1. , .
2.

.
3.

?
4. (2.5) (2.6).
5. ,

,
,
.
6. (2.10).
7. (2.5)
b
?
8.


?
22
 9.
() ?
10.

?
11. ?
12.
?

3c

:

()
.
: ,
:

aF
( m const. ) ;

m2 nm0 m
;

;

() ;

23
 ,

;

.
:

-, , 2 ,
, ,
,
, 2 , ,
,
, ,
, , , ,
.
: . 23 31 . 2 [1].

(.

2c),
F
a , (3.1)
m

- (- .3.1

) F , -
( m const. ):
a ~ F , m const. (3.2)

24
 ,
,
a F
(. 3.1).
(3.2)
-

,
3.2,

-

( ,

).
-

,
-
, .3.2

. 5 (
), m0
2-3 , ,
.
( ).
m1 ,
, ,
, n 5 m2
, , .
m m1 m2 . ,
() F
m2 g .

25
,
50 ( m1 ).
.

n 0,1, 2,3, 4,5 m0
.
, x y ,
(. 3.2):

Tn F.n m1 nm0 an ,
N n m1 nm0 g 0,
F.n N n ,
m2 nm0 g Tn m2 nm0 an

Tn m1 nm0 g m1 nm0 an ,


m2 nm0 g Tn m2 nm0 an .

:
m nm0 m2 nm0
an 1 g . (3.3)
m m1 nm0

an m m1 m2 const. ,
m nm0
, Fn m1 nm0 2 g .
m1 nm0
(3.3) :
an 1 g , (3.4)

m2 nm0
. (3.5)
m
26
 (3.4) ,
/2
-
.
-
-
, -


, .3.3

(. 3.3)
p g 1 (3.6)
.
, ,
, ,
(
2c)
d t3 d t1
an (3.7)
t1 2 t2 t3 2 .

n N (
2c).
, 0
(. 3.3),
( an 0 ),

0 1 0 . (3.8)

():
0 1 0 . (3.9)

(3.9) , 0 1 ,
27
 0 . (3.10)
(3.4)
d t3 d t1 m nm0
Y pX b , Y , X 2 .
t1 2 t2 t3 2 m1 m2

n 5 N 10 ,
p ,
p b , ,
. ,
,
X 0 0 b p . (3.11)

.
,
m2 . ,
,
(3.7) d .
t1 t3
, .
, an

. m0 ,


( m0 3 ).

1. ,
,

28
 ,
.
,
5- 3 ,
10 15 2 - 3 50 .
m1 .

.
2 ,

.
2. , -
COM- .
3.

Foaie de titlu ( ) Caracteristicele
experienei ( ).
4. Continuare (),
Efectuarea msurrilor
( ). n ,
N , m1 , m0 ,
d m2 .


50 .
5. Start
.
t1 , t2 t3 .

,
Citirea datelor ( )

.
6. 6 N 1 .
29
 7. m0
6 7.
8. 8 n 2 .
9.
Continuare , Prelucrarea
datelor experimentale ( ),

.
10. Accept Calculul
erorilor

P 0,6827 .
.


.
11. Accept
Concluzii ()
.
12. Referat,
.
13. Fini
.

1. , .
2.

.
3.
?
4.
() ?

30
 5.

?
6. ,
,
x y
(3.3).
7. (3.4)
.
8.
(3.4)?
9. ,
.
10.
?
11.
(3.7)?
12. ?
13. ,

?
14.
?
15.
?
16.
m0 ?
17.

?
18.
?
19.
?
20. ?
31
 4c

,

:


,
;
.

:
:

;
;

,
;
(7);
(9), (11) (12)
;

(9), (11) (12),

I, I
I,
() ;

I , I, I ;


32

,
;

.
:

-, , 1 ,
,
, , ,

: . 31-43 .4 [1].

,
.

,
, ,
.

:


,
,
I :

M
. (4.1)
I

33

:
a
F (
) ,
m (
)
F :
F
a (4.2)
m
,
,
-
O
a
r
, F
(
) -
F , . 4.1
(
) .
F
F
(. 4.1):
M F r . (4.3)

m

r :
I mr 2 . (4.4)

34
 N

mi ri
:
N
I mi ri 2 . (4.5)
i 1

, ,
.
(4.5)

I r 2 dm . (4.6)
V
dm -
, a r ,
V . (4.6)
. 4.2
. ,
-

mR 2
I . (4.7)
2

.


, .
(.4.2) r,
,
m , n
mo ,
m=m +nmo . ,
35
 .
,

. ,
(4.1),
,
: mgr M , -
(), .
I mr 2 , mr 2 -
, I -
.
(4.1), :

mgr M
. (4.8)
I mr 2

(
).
,
, ,
mr2 <<I . mr2
I , :
mgr M I ,
m nm0 gr I n M (4.9)
n - ,
n=0,1,2,3
.

: 0 t , .4.3
0 nt , (4.10)

36
 o -
, - t, n -
, n=0,1,2,3
. (4.10)
Yn pn X bn , , Yn 0 , X t , pn n ,
bn ,

pn n .

o t
to , to - .

(. 4.2).
t1, t2, t3, t4, t5
(. 4.2)
,
(. 4.3).
.
.

,
R (. 4.3),
.
d, ,
v1 d t1 , v3 d t3 v5 d t5 .. ,

-
, .. v1 d t1
t0 t1 2 .
. ,
t0 t1 2 .

37
 ,
t0 t1 2 , 0 d Rt1 ;

t1 2 t2 t3 2 , 1 d Rt3 ;

t1 2 t2 t3 2 t4 t5 2
,
t1 2 t2 t3 , 2 d Rt5
;
t1 2 t2 t3 t2k t2k 1 2
k d Rt2 k 1 .
.4.4

. ,
99
.
, ,
,
, c 1 ,

.
n = 0,1,2,3
,
(4.10) ( 4.4)
,
:
pn n .
,
. , n5
,
n=0,1,2,3 ,
.

38

(4.9), .

m nm0 gr -
n ( 4.5). -
Y p0 X b0 ,
Y m nm0 gr , X n ,
p0 I , b0 M .
(4.9)

, .4.5
-

. ,

. ,
.
-, .
m
R ,
, .
,
.
,
m (4.9)
.

m nm0 gr I I n M . (4.11)
Y pX b , Y m nm0 gr ,
X n , p I I , b M
.
( 4.5)
, I p p0 .
39

I m R2 / 2 (4.7)

.
,
,
, , ,
.
,
,
. (4.11)
:
m nm0 gr I I m n M , (4.12)
I -
, .
, ,
, ,
m . (4.12) -
Y p X b , , Y mt nm0 gr ,
X n , p I I , b M
.
:
I p I p p0 . (4.13)
, ,

(4.10), (4.9), (4.11) (4.12),

.
:
pn n , p0 I , p I , bn ,
b0 M , b0 M , b M . bn bn ,
, ,
, ,
40
 (4.10). bn bn
. , ,
, (4.10) , -
,
.
n t bn 0 : t bn pn .
.
. n
(4.10),
.

n .

1. m . ,

.
,
.
m .
2. - n5
, nm0, ,
.
m0 .
3.
, , ,
,
m0, r , ,
R ,
, d.
.
.

41
4. ,
m0, , ,,Start,

.
5. ,
,,Citirea datelor ( )
,
(4.10) ,
,
n bn .
, bn bn .
6. ,,Urmtoarea msurare
( ), 5
,

.
7. m0
4,5 6.
8. 7
.
9. ,,Urmtoarea
msurare ,,Continuare,
,,Prelucrarea datelor experementale (
),
.
10. ,,Procesarea datelor (
) (4.9)
p0 I
b0 M .
11. ,,Calculul erorilor (
)
I p0
M b0 .

42
12.
.
13. ,,Concluzii (),
,,Concluzii
14. (4.11) (4.12),

. .

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5.

.
6. (4.6) (4.7).
7.

.
8.
mr2
I ?
9. (4.9)
10.
?
11.
?
12.
?
13.
?
14. ?

43
15. ,
?
16. ?
17. ,
?
18.
?
19.
?
20. ,
?
21.

?
22.
?
23. ?

5c

:

.
.
:
:

;

, ;
44


;
(5.5), (5.6) (5.10)
;

d t3 - d t1
Y a
t1 2 t2 t3 2
5 R 2 e2 H
X , ,
7 R 5e
2 2
H 2 b02

p g ;

F 2mR 2 5 R 2 e2 a
;

;


.

:

-, , 2 ,
, , ,
, , , .

: . 43-55 , .2 4 [1].

45


, -
-
,
-
mg
,
,
-
N ,
, . 5.1
Fx
, -
,
,
5.1,
( AA
5.2).
, AC r
(. 5.1).

:
(.5.2),


(.5.1), -

v c ,
. . 5.2

, .

.
46
 ,
:
I
c (
, , m
)
d / dt (, a
)
M c , ,
( F ):
d
IC MC , (5.1)
dt
M C -
CC, IC 2 5 mR 2 -
CC, - CC,
d dt - ,
R - , m - . M C
, mg

N , ,
(. 5.1), (

(. 5.1).
F (. 5.1) r.
, M C rF (5.1)

, , :
2
mR 2 rF . (5.2)
5
,
, ,
47
 ,
, :

dv
m F . (5.3)
dt

. (5.3)

(. 5.1):
ma mg sin F .
(5.4)

a d v dt r d dt r , a r.
(5.4), (5.2)
sin H l H H 2 b02
, (. 5.1),

:
5 R e2
2
5 R 2 e2 H
ag sin g , (5.5)
7 R 5e
2 2
7 R 5e
2 2
H 2 b02
2mR 2 2mR 2 H
F g sin g . (5.6)
7 R 5e
2 2
7 R 5e
2 2
H 2 b02

l H 2 b02
,

, 0
b
b 0, 4 m
: 0 ,

H (.5.1).

48
 (5.5) (5.6)

.


, .
(5.5),
( )

(. 2):
v - v0 d t3 - d t1
a . (5.7)
t t1 2 t2 t3 2

(5.7) ,
,
,
-
,
. t1 (t3) - ,
, ,
, (), t2
,
, ,
, d ,
.
, R (
2R), 2 (
) f :
49
 f=6. , 5.2,
d 2 2 R f c 2 R 2 ,
2
R R c e .
2 2
(5.8)

d 2 e2 f 2 2 f R 2 e2 . (5.9)

,
f=6 .
,
.
, (5.5),
,
d t3 - d t1 5 R 2 e2 H
g
t1 2 t2 t3 2 7 R 5e
2 2
H 2 b02
. (5.10)
(5.10)
d t3 - d t1
Y=pX+b, Y a ,
t1 2 t2 t3 2
5 R 2 e2 H
X pg.
7 R 5e
2 2
H 2 b02
,
, b0.
Y
, b b ,
(5.10)
. (5.10),

50
 n ,
n5 N7
,
p=g, ,


. (5.6)
,
. ,
p=g,

. n5

. ,
. (5.5) (5.6)
. ,
,
. (5.6) ,


F N mg cos
,
b0
- , a
( ).
, F<
F,
2 g mR 2 7 R 2 5e2 sin mg cos
.

51
 7 R 2 5e2
tg tg max
2R2 . (5.11)
= 0,2, 2e = 5 , 2R = 25 , tg <
0.68, . 34 . tg H b0 ,
H b0 tg max H max , .
b0 7 R 2 5e2
H
2R2 .
b0 0,4 ,
0,272 .

(5.6).
.
a :
2mR 2
F a. (5.12)
5 R 2 e2

,
.

(5.6). ,
(5.12),
Y p X b Y F
, ,
d t3 - d t1
X a
t1 2 t2 t3 2 ,

,
, ,
:

52
 2mR 2
p
5 R 2 e2
.
(5.12)
,

, b 0.
(5.12),
(5.6),
,
(
b ).
(5.10) ,
n 5 N7
t1, t2 t3 ,
p=g p=g
.
Y p X b

, .. bb, b
b. bb
,
,
(5.10).
,
Y p x b
p p b .
,
b b .

53

1.
,
n 5 ,
(5.11).
2.
, ,
.
3.
, n5 N7.
2R,
2, f =6 , l, b0
. , HHmax.
4. ,
Start .
,
Citirea intervalelor ( )
.
5. 4 n 1 .
6. Continuare ()
, ,

,
(5.10) (5.12).
7. ,
l, b0.
,
2, .
8. 4, 5, 6 7 n-2 .
9.
Continuare, Procesare datelor
experimentale ( )
,
F.

54
 10. Accept
Procesarea datelor experimentale
(5.10) (5.12),
, .
11. Accept Calculul
erorilor ( )

.
12. Accept
Concluzii () .
13. Continuare
Referat ().

.
14. Fini
.

1. .
2. .
3. .
4.

.
5.
.
6.
,
.
7. (5.5) (5.6).
8. ?
9. ,
(5.7).

55
 10. ,
?
11.
?
12. (5.10)
(b 0)?
13. , (5.10)
?
14. ,

,
(5.6),
?
15. (5.10)?
16.
(5.10)?
17.
?
18.
?
19.
?
20. ?

6c



:

.

56
 :
:

, ;

;

Y
7 R 2 5b 2 d 2 d 2

x2 x1 H

X
10 R 2 b 2 t3
2
t12 H 2 b02
,
p g ;

;


.
:

-, , 2 ,
, , ,
, , .
: . 55-65 . 5 [1].

,
,
-
:
-
- . 6.1
57
 vC ,

(. 6.1).

, ,

mv12C I C 12 mv22C I C 22
mgh . (6.1)
2 2 2 2
m
, x1
v1C
Ec1 mv12C 2 IC 12 2 E mgh , h -
x1
x2 , I C -
,
C, 1 -
x1 .

x2
, E 1 .
,
. 6.2
Ec 2 mv22C 2 IC 22 2 ,
v2C - x2 , 2 -
.
,
, F ,
:
?
? ,
58
 ,
.
.
, ,
.
F -

.

, . ,
N ,
,
.
,
2e ( . 6.2,
,
). v1C v2C
x1 x2
(. 6.1) ( 6.2
). 1 2
x1 x2 1 vA1 r v1C r 2 vA2 r v2C r , vA1
vA 2 - C
x1 x2
.
6.2, r R 2 e2 . IC 2 5 mR 2 .
,

mv12C I C 12 mv1C 7 R 5e
2 2 2

. (6.2)
2 2 10 R 2 e2

59
 ,
mv22C I C 22 mv2C 7 R 5e
2 2 2

. (6.3)
2 2 10 R 2 e2

(6.1),

7 R 5e v
2 2
g x2 x1 H
10 R e
2
2C v12C , (6.4)
H 2 b02
2 2

h h x2 x1 sin
x2 x1 H H 2 b02 ( . 6.1, H-
, l H 2 b02 - ). (6.4)
l H 2 b02 ,
,
b0
: b0 0.4 . ,

H ,
x1 x2 (.
6.1). , x1
x2
, , .
.
x1 x2
, x2 x1

.
d FF (. 6.2),
.

60
 ,
R.
2e ,
, e . R
e, d
FF (. 5c):

d 2 e2 f 2 2 f R 2 e2 , (6.5)
R, f e
, 0,1 (..
).

,

.

,

.
-

A (6.4) - .6.3
:

7 R 5e v
2 2
g x2 x1 H
v12C
A
2
. (6.6)
10 R e
2C
2 2
H 2 b02 m2

d, ,
v1C v2C ,
t1 , ,
t3 , ( d )
,
. , v1C
61
 v2C
d. , ,

t1 , t 3 2d a , (6.7)
a - . ,
v1C d t1 , v2C d t3 . (6.8)
, ,
(6.6), ,

Y pX b , (6.9)

7 R 5e d
2 2 2
d2 x2 x1 H
Y , X , pg,
10 R e t
2
2 2
3 t12 H 2 b02
b A m .

,
, .
,
.
(. 6.3), n 5 N 10
t1 t3 .
x1 x2
.
, x2 x1 ,
, ,
, ,
. x1 x2
, x2 x1 .

62
 H
.
H? H
,
, ,
, .
H ,
,
(6.6) .
5c,
,

7 R 2 5e2
tg tg max , (6.10)
2R2
b0 7 R 2 5e2
H . 0,1 ,
2R2
2e 5mm , 2R 25mm , H 0,136 m .
H 30 100 .
,
,
, .
b
,
A mb .

. F -
. :
A F x2 x1 mb x2 x1 (6.11)

F ,
5c.

63
 F N k mg cos k mg
k :
F b
k mv 2 2 kx 2 2 , (6.12)
mg g x2 x1
cos 1 .
Y pX b (6.9)
, n 5
N 10 t1 t3 ,
- x1 x2 .
p
p .
b Y pX b
b.
F k .

1.
, H 30 , ,
n 5 ,
(6.10)
k , .
2.
, ,
.
3.
, n,
N,
x1 x2 H
.

64
 4. ,
Start .
,
Citirea datelor ( )
t1 t3 .
Restart
.
5. 4 n 1
N
t1 t3 ,
X Y , .
6. 5 10 ,
,
, x2 x1 .
x1 x2 , H,
.
7. 6 n 2 .
8.
Continuare ()
Procesarea datelor experimentale (
).
9. Accept
Prelucrarea datelor experimentale

p.
10. Accept Calculul
erorilor ( )
p
b.
11. .
12. Accept
Concluzii ()
.

65
 13. Referat ()
. .
14. Fini
.

1. .
2. ?
3.
, .
4.

.
5. (6.1).
6.
?
7.
1 2?
8. (6.2) (6.3).
9. d ,
?
10. (6.4).
11. (6.5).
12. (6.6)
A m ?
13.
v1C v2C
?
14. ,
?
15. , x2 x1 ,

?

66
 16.
?
17.
?
18.
?
19.
?
20. ?

7c


:
.
: , :
,
;

,
;

;
;
(7.2) (7.8);

Yn v d t1
X n xn xn rn sin 2 , ,
,
I n 4mg pn2 ;

67

Y I n 4mg pn2 X xn2 ,
,
p m ;

I ml 12 ;
2

;

(7.8).
:

-, , 1 ,
, , .
: . 65-74 .4 [1].

( )
C
h (. 7.1). ,
mg
A mgh .
,
, ,

Ek 2 Ek 1 A . (7.1)
,
.
,
.
68
 , ( )
:
I 2
Ek 2 , (7.2)
2
I -
,
x
, -

. (7.1)
:
I 2
mgh . (7.3)
2
7.1 ,
h x 1 cos 2 x sin 2 2
,
v x r d t1 x r
, d -

,
,
v d t1 -
, . 7.1
t
, 1 -
, -
, r -
,
, -
. (7.3)
,
(. 7.1) , :
d mg
v 2 x x r sin .
t1 I 2

69
 n n
I n ,
n xn rn :

d mg
vn 2 xn xn rn sin . (7.4)
t1 In 2
(7.4)
Yn pn X n bn , Yn v d t1 ,
X n xn xn rn sin 2 , pn 2 mg I n .

7.2.
(7.4) ,
bn
. , ,
,

.

-
, ,
bn 0 . , .7.2
-

, ,
I n
, xn
C:
4mg
In . (7.5)
pn2

70
 , I n
, , bn 0 .
n,
, X n
(. 7.1).
,
xn rn N 7
.
,

I C ,
C
,
.
I n IC mxn2 . (7.6)
,
4mg pn2 IC mxn2 . (7.7)
(7.7) -

Y pX b , Y I n 4mg pn2 ,
X xn2 , p m , b I C .
,
n5
, -
(7.5)
n 5 -
.7.3
xn2
.
, -
, (7.7) ,
,
71
 p m , m - (.
7.3). , ,
, I C
, C
: b I C . ,
1
I ccc ml 2 , (7.8)
12
m - , l - .
(7.8)
I C ,
. (7.8) ,
b I C
, .
m l .

pn
bn (7.4).
pn pn pn bn bn bn ,
I n .
,
k 5 .
,
I C
,
,
(7.7),
k 5 .
bn bn bn .
bn bn , , (7.4)

72
 , .. (7.4)
.
(7.7) ,
n 5
, n 5

xn2 , p
p
.
b Y pX b
I C
, C.
b I C
(7.8)
. I C
I n ,
.. IC I n .

1. ,
2-3 ,

r .
2.
,
n 5 , N 7
.
3. d, m, g,
, xn
rn .
,
.
73
 4. .
5. ,
Start .
6. t1
Citirea intervalelor (
)
.
7. Urmtoarea msurare
( ) 5 6 N 1
N 1 .
8.
Urmtoarea msurare (
), (7.4),
pn , bn ,
pn bn ,
I n . bn bn .
9. Continuare ()
,
xn rn .
.
10. 5 8.
11. 10 n 2 .
12. n
Continuare Procesarea
datelor experimentale(
). Accept Prelucrarea
datelor experimentale, (7.7),
p
b .
13. Accept Calculul
erorilor ( )

p b ,

74
 .

.
14.
p m b I C .
p , ,
b I C
(7.8).
15. Concluzii ()

(7.8).
16. Referat ()
. .
17. Fini
.

1. ?
2. .
3.
,
.
4.
(7.3).
5. (7.4) ,
I n .
6. .
7. (7.7).
8. ,
?
9. ,
(7.8) ?
10. bn bn ?
75
 11.
(7.7) ?
12.
(7.7)
?

8c

:
.
: , :
,
;

,
;

;
;
(8.2) (8.9);

Y I x I I0 2 X x2 ,
,
p m ;
(8.10);

;

(8.10).

76
 :

-, , 1 ,
, ,
.
: . 74-82 .. 4 [1].

OO,
-
, -


, -


:
M k , (8.1)
k -
. . 8.1
(8.1)
(

).
,
, ,
( 8.1 ),
,
,
. ,
l D
77
 G D4
k , (8.2)
2 16l
G - ,
(. 8.1).
,
,
(8.1) :
0 0
2
A Md d .
2
,
(E2 E1 = ),
:
I 2 k 2
, (8.3)
2 2
I - , -
.
(8.2), l D
. G ,

.

(
, 0 )
v r , r -

, (. 8.1).
v
t1
d : v = d t1 . ,
d
. (8.4)
rt1
78
 ,
( ),
:

. (8.5)
180
,
(8.3) ,
I 0 ,

. ,
. I 0

. ,
(8.3) I 0 2 k 2 ,

k 2
I0 . (8.6)
2
k ,
(8.2), (8.4) (8.5). N 7
t1 ,

,
I 0 .
I 0 ,
.
x1
m (. 8.1).
N 7

: I1 k 2 2 . n 5

79
 n 5 xn
, n 5 I n .
I 0
2 I x
: I I 0 2 I x .

:
I I0
I . (8.7)
2
,

I C ,
C
,
.
I x IC mx 2 . (8.8)
,
I I0
I C mx 2 . (8.9)
2
(8.9) -
Y pX b ,
Y I x I I 0 2 , X x 2 ,
p m, b I C .
, n5
.8.2
,
(8.7) n 5
. ,
, (8.9),
,
80
 p m , m -
(. 8.2). ,
, ,
I C ,
C:
b I C . :

mh 2 mR 2
I , (8.10)
12 4
m - , h R - , ,
.
(8.10) , ,

(8.10). (8.10)
, b I C
, .
m , h R .
I 0
I x ,
.
(8.9)

.
Y pX b , Y I x I I 0 2 ,
X x 2 , p m , b I C (. (8.9)),
, n 5 N 7
t1 ,
p p
.
.
p p ,
, ,
81
 .
b Y pX b
I C
,
C. ,
, b I C
(8.10) .
IC IC ,
I C , ,
(8.10). ,
, , b IC .
,
.

1.
,

.
2.
, ,
n 5 N 7
,
.
3. d, r, G, D, l,
.
4. .
5. ,
Start , .
6. t1
Citirea intervalelor (

82
)
.
7. Urmtoarea msurare
( ) 5 6
N 1 .
8.
Urmtoarea msurare,
I 0 .
9. Continuare
() ,
m , h ,
R x1
.
.
10. 5 8.
11. 10 n 1 ,
.
12. n
Continuare Procesarea
datelor experimentale (
). Accept
(8.9),
.
13. Accept Calculul
erorilor ( )

,
.
14.
p m b I C .
p ,
, b I C
(8.10).

83
 15. Concluzii ()

(8.10).
16. Referat ()
. .
17. Fini
.

1. .
2. .
3.
,
.
4. .
5.
?
6.
?
7.
?
8.
.
9.
?
10.
?
11.
?
12.
?
13. .

84
 14.
?
15. ,
(8.10) ?
16.
?
17.
?
18. ?

85


1. A. A., .M. - . .:
, 1989.
2. Traian I. Creu. Fizica. Curs universitar. Bucureti:
Editura Tehnic, 1996.
3. M., . . 10
.- Chiinu: tiina, 2012.
4. .

. Chiinu: Editura Tehnica-UTM , 2013.

86


1c.

. 3

2c.
,
13

3c.

23

4c.
,
32

5c.

44

6c.

56

7c.
67

8c.

76

86


: .
C.
.
.
.

Redactor: .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bun de tipar 03.09.14 Formatul hrtiei 60x84 1/16.
Hrtie ofset. Tipar RISO Tirajul 30 ex.
Coli de tipar 5,5 Comanda nr. 86
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
UTM, 2004, Chiinu, bd. tefan cel Mare, 168,
Editura Tehnica-UTM
2068, Chiinu, str. Studenilor, 9/9