Referensi PDF

Referensi Bab
1
American College of Surgeons. 2004. Advanced Trauma Life Support for Doctors
(ATLS): Student Course Manual. Edisi ke-4. Chicago, Illinois: American College
of Surgeons.
Apley, A. Graham. 1993. Metabolik and Endocrine Disorders: System of
Orthopaedics and Fracture. Edisi ke-7. London: ELBS with Butterworth, British
Government.
Bucholz, R.W., J.D. Heckman, C. Court-Brown, dkk. 2005. Rockwood & Greens
Fractures in Adults. Edisi ke-6. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Canale, S.T. 2003. Campbells Operative Orthopaedics. Edisi ke-10. St. Louis:
Mosby-Year Book.
Goss, C.M (ed). 1974. Grays Anatomy of the Human Body. Edisi ke-29. Hlm. 3534.
Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.
Gustilo, R.B., R.L. Merkow, D. Templeman. 1990. The Management of Open
Fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Feb 72(2):299304.
Guyton dan Hall. 1996. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Edisi ke-15. Jakarta:
EGC.
Hansen, Sigvard T. dan Marc F. Swiontkowski. 1993. Ortopaedic Trauma Protocols.
New York: Raven Press.
Hart R.G., T.J. Rittenberry, dan D.T. Uehara (eds). 1999. Handbook of Orthopaedic
Emergencies. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Hoppenfeld, S. 1977. Orthopaedics Neurology. A Diagnostic Guide to Neurologic
Levels. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
Hoppenfeld, S., dan V.L. Murthy. 2000. Treatment and Rehabilitation of Fracture.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Keith, L. Moore. 1988. The Develoving Human. Edisi ke-4. New York
: The Mc
Graw-Hill Companies.
R-1
R-2 Buku Ajar Gangguan Muskuloskeletal
Lidgren, L. 2003. The Bone and Joint Decade 20002010. Bull World Health Organ
[online]. Sept 2003;81(9):629.
Murrray, J. 2003. Human Phisiology Study Partner. Edisi ke-2. New York: The Mc
Graw-Hill Companies.
Rasjad, C. 1998. Pengantar Ilmu Bedah Ortopaedi. Ujung Pandang: Bintang
Lamumpatue.
Roberts C.S., H.C. Pape, A.L. Jones, dkk. Damage Control Orthopaedics: Evolving
Concepts in the Treatment of Patients Who Have Sustained Orthopaedic Trauma.
Instr Course Lect. 2005;54:447-62.
Ruedi T.P., R. Buckley, C. Moran, (eds). 2007. AO Principles of Fracture Management.
Edisi ke-2. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Salter, R.B. 1999. Textbook of Disorders an Injuries of the Musculoskeletal System.
Edisi ke-3. Maryland: Williams & Wilkins.
Simon dan Schuster, 2003. Fundamental of Anatomy & Physiology. Edisi ke-4. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
Sjamsuhidayat, R., dan Wim de Jong. 1997. Buku Ajar Ilmu Bedah. Jakarta: EGC.
Skinner, H. 1995. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopaedics. Norwalk: CT
Appleton & Lange.
Spivak, Jeffrey M., dkk. 1999. Ortopaedics: A Study Guide. International Edition.
New York: The Mc Graw-Hill Companies.
Referensi Bab
2
Ahlmen, M. dkk.
2009.
Influence
of
Gender
on Assessments of
Disease

Activity
and Function in Early Reumatoid Arthritis in Relation to Radiographic Joint
Damage. Ann Rheum Dis.
Apley, A. Graham. 1993. Metabolik and Endocrine Disorders. System of
Government.
Bucholz, R.W. dkk (eds). 2005. Rockwood & Greens Fractures in Adults. Edisi ke-6.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Canale, S.T. 2003. Campbells Operative Orthopaedics. Edisi ke-10. St. Louis:
Mosby-Year Book.
Frost, H.M. 1989. The Biology of Fracture Healing. An Overview for Clinicians Part
I. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Nov 248:28393.
Gustilo, R.B., R.L. Merkow, dan D. Templeman. 1990. The Management of Open
Fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Feb 72(2):299304
Hansen, S.T. dan Marc F. Swiontkowski. 1993. Ortopaedic Trauma Protocols. New
York: Raven Press.
Hart R.G., T.J. Rittenberry, dan D.T. Uehara (eds). 1999. Handbook of Orthopaedic
Emergencies. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Hernandez-Avila M. dkk. 1991. Caffeine, Moderate Alcohol Intake, and Risk of
Fractures of the Hip and Forearm in Middle-Aged Women. Am J Clin Nutr. Jul
54(1):15763.
Hoppenfeld, S. dan V.L. Murthy. 2000. Treatment and Rehabilitation of Fracture.
Philadelphia: William & Wilkins. Lippincott.
Hoppenfeld, S. 1977. Orthopaedics Neurology. A Diagnostic Guide to Neurologic
Levels. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company.
R-3
Lidgren, L. 2003. The Bone and Joint Decade 20002010. Bull World Health Organ
[online]. Sept;81(9):629
Klippel, J.H. (ed). 2008. Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases. Edisi ke-13. New York:
Springer.
Macedo, A.M. dkk. 2009. Functional and Work Outcomes Improve in Patients
with Reumatoid Arthritis who Receive Targeted, Comprehensive Occupational
Therapy. Arthritis Rheum. Nov;61(11):152230.
Mankin, H.J. 1990 Rickets, Osteomalacia, and Renal Osteodystrophy: an Update.
Orthop Clin North Am. Jan;21(1):8196.
Mankin, H.J. dan C.J. 2003. Mankin. Metabolic Bone Disease: an Update. Instr
Course Lect. 52:76984.
Nicholas, J.J. 1996. Rehabilitation of Patients with Rheumatic Disorders. dalam
Braddom RL (ed). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Philadelphia:
Saunders;71127.
Nelson, D. dkk. 2007.

The Deformity Index as
a Predictor of Final Radiological
Outcome in Perthes Disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Okt; 89(10):136974.
Oprel, P.P. dkk. 2010. The Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Lower Leg: a
Difficult Diagnosis. Open Orthop J. Feb 17;4:1159.
Edisi ke-3. Maryland: Williams & Wilkins.
Shuler, M.S. dkk. 2010. Correlation Between Muscle Oxygenation and Compartment
Pressures in Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Leg. J Bone Joint Surg Am.
Apr;92(4):86370.
Simon dan Schuster. 2003. Fundamental of Anatomy & Phisiology. Edisi ke-4. New
Skinner, H. 1995. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopaedics. Norwalk,:
Appleton & Lange. 315.
Spivak, J.M. dkk. 1999. Ortopaedics: A Study Guide. International Edition. New
York: The Mc Graw-Hill Companies.
Steele, B. dkk. 2008. Vitamin D Deficiency: A Common Occurrence in Both High-
and Low-energy Fractures. HSS J. Sep;4(2):1438
Reginato, A.J., G.F. Falasca, R. Pappu. Musculoskeletal Manifestations of
Osteomalacia: Report of 26 Cases and Literature Review. Semin Arthritis
Rheum. Apr 1999;28(5):287-304.
Referensi R-5
Osteochondroses. In: Bralow L. Dalam Bone and Joint Imaging.

Resnick, D.
1996.
Edisi ke-2. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co. 9606.
Roberts, C.S., H.C. Pape, A.L. Jones, dkk. 2005. Damage Control Orthopaedics:
Evolving Concepts in the Treatment of Patients who Have Sustained Orthopaedic
Trauma. Instr Course Lect. 54:44762.
Ruedi, T.P., R. Buckley, C. Moran. (eds). 2007. AO Principles of Fracture Management.
Edisi ke-2. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers.
Tscherne, H., dan H.J. Oestern. A new Classification of Soft-Tissue Damage in
Open and Closed Fractures (authors transl) [German]. Unfallheilkunde. Mar
1982;85(3):1115.
Ultee, J., S.E. Hovius. 2005. Functional Results after Treatment of Volkmanns
Ischemic Contracture: a Long-term Followup Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res.
Feb;429.
Wheeless, C.R. 2002. Legg Calve Perthes Disease. In: Wheeless Textbook
of Orthopaedics [online]. Dapat dilihat pada: http://www.medmedia.com/
orthoo/242.htm, 18 April 2002.
Williams, S.B., C.A. Brand, K.D. Hill, dkk. 2010. Feasibility and Outcomes of
a Home-Based Exercise Program on Improving Balance and Gait Stability in
Women with lower-Limb Osteoarthritis or Reumatoid Arthritis: a pilot study.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Jan;91(1):10614.
.
Referensi Bab
3
Armstrong, R.W, F. Bolding, R.Joseph. 1992. Septic Arthritis Following Arthroscopy:
Clinical Syndromes and Analysis of Risk Factors. Arthroscopy. 8(2):21323.
Bancroft, L.W. dkk. 2007. Compartmental Anatomy Relevant to Biopsy Planning.
Musculoskeletal Radiology. 11(1):1627.
Baron, R. 1999. Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Bone dalam Favus M.J. (eds).
Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism.
Edisi ke-4. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Bucholz, R.W. dkk. (eds). 2005. Rockwood and Greens Fractures in Adults. Edisi
ke-6. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Chaytor, E.R. dan Conti S.F. 1998. Arthroscopy of the Foot and Ankle: Current
Concepts Review. Foot Ankle Int. Mar;19(3):18492.
Crenshaw, A.H. 1998. Nontraumatic Disorders. Editor: Canale S.T. Campbells
Operative Orthopaedics. Edisi ke-9. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book.
Donatto, K.C. 1998. Orthopedic Management of Septic Arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin
North Am. Mei; 24(2):27586.
Durkee, N.J. dkk. 2006. Classification of Common Acetabular Fractures: Radiographic
and CT Appearances. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Okt; 187(4):91525.
Evrard, J., dan B. Soudrie. 1993. Primary Arthritis of the Hip In Adults. Int Orthop.
Des;17(6):36774.
Ghelman, B. 1998. Biopsies of the Musculoskeletal System. Radiol Clin North
Am. Mei; 36(3):56780.
Hart, R.G., T.J. Rittenberry, D.T. Uehara. 1999. Handbook of Orthopaedic Emergencies.
Publishers: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Hernandez-Avila, M., dkk. 1991. Caffeine, Moderate Alcohol Intake, and Risk of
Fractures of the Hip and Forearm In Middle-Aged Women. Am J Clin Nutr.
Jul; 54(1):15763.
R-7
Klippel J.H. 2008. Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases. Edisi ke-13. New York:
Springer.
Lee, J.K.T., S.S.Sagel, R.J. Stanley. 1998. Computed Tomography with MRI
Correlation. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Macedo, A.M., dkk. 2009. Functional and Work Outcomes Improve in Patients
with Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Receive Targeted, Comprehensive Occupational
Therapy. Arthritis Rheum. Nov 15;61(11):152230.
Mankin, H.J., C.J. Mankin. 2003. Metabolic Bone Disease: an Update. Instr Course
Lect. 52:76984.
Mitsuyoshi, G., dkk.
Accurate Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Lesions by Core Needle
Biopsy. J Surg Oncol. 1 Jul 2006;94(1):217.
Nicholas J.J. 1996 Rehabilitation of Patients With Rheumatic Disorders, dalam
R.L. Braddom (eds) 71127. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Philadelphia:
Saunders.
Nelson, D., M. Zenios, K. Ward, M. Ramachandran, D.G. Little. 2007.

The Deformity
Index as A Predictor of Final Radiological Outcome in Perthes Disease. J Bone
Joint Surg Br. Okt; 89(10):136974.
Owen, D.S. 2001. Aspiration and Injection of Joints and Soft Tissues. Kellys
Textbook of Rheumatology. Edisi ke-6. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Edisi ke-3. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams and Wilkins.
Samuelson, C.O., dkk. Arthrocentesis. J Fam Pract. Feb 1985;20(2):179-84
Simon dan Schuster. 2003. Fundamental of Anatomy and Phisiology. Edisi ke-3. New
Skinner, H. 1995. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopaedics. Norwalk, CT:
Appleton and Lange.
Spivak. Jeffrey M. et.al. 1999. Ortopaedics: A Study Guide. International Edition.
The McGraw-Hill Companies. New York.
Sung K.S., S.W. Seo, M.S. Shon. The Diagnostic Value of Needle Biopsy for
Musculoskeletal Lesions. Int Orthop. 5 Agust 2009.
Osteochondroses. Editor: Bralow L. Bone and Joint Imaging.
Resnick, D.
1996.
Edisi ke-2. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Referensi R-9
Roberts, C.S., dkk. 2005. Damage Control Orthopaedics: Evolving Concepts in the
Treatment of Patients Who Have Sustained Orthopaedic Trauma. Instr Course
Lect. 54:44762.
Ruedi, T.P. dkk. 2007. AO Principles of Fracture Management. Edisi ke-4. New York:
Thieme Medical Publishers.
Bone Resorption by Osteoclasts. Science. Sep
Teitelbaum S.L.
2000.
1;289(5484):15048.
Tscherne, H. dan H.J Oestern.
1982. A

New Classification of
Soft-Tissue
Damage

in Open and Closed Fractures. Unfallheilkunde. Mar;85(3):1115.
Ultee, J. Hovius S.E. 2005. Functional Results After Treatment of Volkmanns
Ischemic Contracture: A Long-Term Followup Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res.
Feb;429.
Wheeless, C.R. Legg Calve Perthes Disease. dalam Wheeless Textbook of
Orthopaedics [online]. Dapat dilihat pada: http://www.medmedia.com/orthoo/242.
htm, 18 April 2002.
Referensi Bab
4
Adelani, M.A, R.M.Wupperman, dan G.E. Holt. 2008. Benign Synovial Disorders.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Mei;16(5):26875.
R.W. Armstrong, F.Bolding, dan R. Joseph. 1992. Septic Arthritis Following
Arthroscopy: Clinical Syndromes and Analysis of Risk factors. Arthroscopy.
8(2):21323.
Bach, J.R, dan J. McKeon. 1991. Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation for the
Prolongation of BraceFree Ambulation of Patients with Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Des; 70(6):32331.
Brandoff, J.F., J.S. Silber, dan A.R. Vaccaro.
Contemporary Alternatives to Synthetic
Bone Grafts for Spine Surgery. Am J Orthop. Agust 2008;37(8):4104.
British Association of Surgical Oncology Guidelines. The Management of Metastatic
Bone Disease in the United Kingdom. Eur J Surg Oncol. Feb 1999;25(1):323.
Extensor Mechanism Ruptures. Orthopedics. Sep; 32(9).
Brooks, P.
2009.
Camnasio, F., C.Scotti dan G.M. Peretti.
2007. Prosthetic Joint Replacement for
Long Bone Metastases: Analysis of 154 Cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.
Chance, P.F., dkk. 1993. DNA Deletion Associated with Hereditary Neuropathy with
Liability to Pressure Palsies. Journal Cell. Jan 15;72(1):14351.
Carter, G.T. 1995.

Neuromuscular Disorders, dalam A.E. Dell Orto, R.P. Marinelli
(eds). Hlm. 50951.5Encyclopedia
of Disability and Rehabilitation. New York:
Simon and Schuster.
Chaytor, E.R., dan S.F. Conti. 1998. Arthroscopy of the Foot and Ankle: Current
Concepts Review. Foot Ankle Int. Mar; 19(3):18492.
Cohen, M.S. 2008. Lateral Collateral Ligament Instability of the Elbow. Hand
Clinical. Feb; 24(1):6977.
R-11
Donatto, K.C. 1998. Orthopedic Management of Septic Arthritis. Rheumatic

Disease Clinical North America. Mei; 24(2):27586.
Enneking, W.F., S.S. Spanier, dan M.A. Goodman. 1980.

A System for the Surgical
Staging of Musculoskeletal Sarcoma. Clinical Orthopeady. NovDes;(153):106
20.
Fernandez-Baillo, N., E.G. Garay, J.M. Ordonez. Rupture of the Quadriceps Tendon
After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. J Arthroplasty. Jun 1993;
8(3):3313.
Goecker, R.M., dan J.A. Ruch. 2001. Rearfoot Arthrodesis, dalam A.S. Banks,
M.S. Downey, D.E. Martin, S.J. Miller (eds). Hlm. 116792. McGlamrys
Comprehensive Textbook of Foot and Ankle Surgery. Edisi ke-3. Buku 2.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Harrington, K.D. 1997. Orthopedic Surgical Management of Skeletal Complications
of Malignancy. Cancer. Okt 15;80 (8Suppl):161427.
Hart, R.G., T.J. Rittenberry, dan D.T. Uehara. 1999. Handbook of Orthopaedic
Emergencies. Publishers: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Hernandez-, M. dkk. 1991. Caffeine, Moderate Alcohol Intake, and Risk of Fractures
of the Hip and Forearm in Middle-Aged Women. Am J Clin Nutr. Jul;54(1):157
63.
Insall, J.N. dan W.N. Scott. 2001. Surgery of the Knee. Edisi ke-3. Hlm. 1076-80.
New York: Churchill Livingstone.
Ivey, M., dan R. Clark. 1985. Arthroscopic Debridement of the Knee for Septic
Arthritis. Clin Orthop. Okt;(199):2016.
Bone Graft Substitutes. Expert
Laurencin, C., Y. Khan, dan S.F. El-Amin. 2006.

Rev Med Devices.
J
an;3(1):4957.
Kling, M.P. 2003. Patellar Dislocation Reduction, dalam E.F. Reichman dan R.R.
Simon (eds). Emergency Medicine Procedures. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Krebs, V.E. 2003. The Role of Hip Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Synovial
Disorders and Loose Bodies. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Jan; 4859.
Kozin, S.H. 2005. Tendon Transfers for Radial and Median Nerve Palsies. J Hand
Ther. AprJun; 18(2):20815.
Macedo, A.M. 2009. Functional and Work Outcomes Improve in Patients with
Rheumatoid Arthritis who Receive Targeted, Comprehensive Occupational
Therapy. Arthritis Rheumtoid. Nov 15; 61(11):152230.
Referensi R-13
Nicholas, J.J. 1996. Rehabilitation of Patients with Rheumatic Disorders, dalam R.L.
Braddom (ed). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Philadelphia: Saunders.
Perryman, J.R., dan E.B. Hershman. 2002. The Acute Management of Soft Tissue
Injuries of the Knee.Orthop Clin North Am. Jul; 33(3):575-85.
Perry, C.R. 1999. Bone Repair Techniques, Bone graft, and Bone Graft Substitutes.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. Mar; 360:7186.
Rath, S. 2006. Immediate Active Mobilization Versus Immobilization for Opposition
Tendon Transfer in the Hand. J Hand Surgical [Am]. MeiJun;31(5):7549.
Reinhardt, K.R, I. Hetsroni, R.G. Marx. 2010. Graft Selection for Anterior Cruciate
Ligament Reconstruction: a Level I Systematic Review Comparing Failure Rates
and Functional Outcomes. Orthop Clin North Am. Apr; 41(2):249-62.
Rockwood, C.A., D.A. Green, R.W. Bucholz. 1996. Fractures in Adults. Edisi ke-4.
Buku ke-2. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
Ruedi, T.P., R. Buckley, C. Moran. 2007. AO Principles of Fracture Management.
Edisi ke-3. Baltimore, Maryland: Lippincot Williams and Wilkins.
Shaerf, D. dan A. Banerjee. Assessment and Management of Posttraumatic
Haemarthrosis of the Knee. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). Agust 2008;69(8):45960,
4623.
Skinner, H. 1995. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopaedics. Norwalk:
Appleton & Lange.
Spivak, J.M., dkk. 1999. Ortopaedics: A Study Guide. Edisi internasional. New York:
The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Wheeless, C.R. Legg Calve Perthes Disease. Diambil dari http://www.medmedia.
com/orthoo/242.htm, 18 April 2002.
Referensi Bab
5
Displasia Skeletal
Alman, B.A.2008. Skeletal Displasias and the Growth Plate.Clin Genet.Jan;
73(1):2430.
Bethem, D. dkk. 1981. Spinal Disorders of Dwarfism. Review of the Literature and
Report of Eighty Cases.J Bone Joint Surg Am.Des;63(9):141225.
Bridges, N.A. dan C.G.Brook. 1994. Progress Report: Growth Hormone in Skeletal
Displasia.Horm Res.42(45):2314.
Clark, R.N.Congenital Displasias and Dwarfism.Pediatr Rev.Nov1990;12(5):149
59.
Cohen, M.M. 2006 The New Bone Biologi: Pathologic, Molecular, and Clinical
Correlates.Am J Med Genet A.Des 1;140(23):2646706.
Dominguez , R., dan P.Talmachoff. 1993. Diagnostic Imaging Update in Skeletal
Displasias.Clinical Imaging.JulSep;17(3):22234.
Hurst, J.A., H.V. Firth, dan S.Smithson. 2005. Skeletal Displasias.Semin Fetal
Neonatal Med.Jun;10(3):23341.
Ikegawa, S.Genetik Analysis of Skeletal Displasia: Recent Advances and Perspectives
in the Post-Genomesequence Era.J Hum Genet.2006; 51(7):5816.
Ilizarov, G.A.1990. Clinical Application of the TensionStress Effect for Limb
Lengthening. Clinical Orthoped. Jan; (250):826.
International Working Group on Constitutional Diseases of Bone.1997. International
Nomenclature and Classification of the Osteokondrodisplasias. Am J Med
Genet.Okt 12; 79(5):37682.
Parilla, B.V., dkk.2003. Antenatal Detection of Skeletal Displasias.J Ultrasound
Med.Mar; 22(3):2558; quiz 25961.
R-15
Rimoin, D.L. dkk.The Skeletal Displasias: Clinical-Molecular Correlations.Ann

N Y Acad Sci.Nov2007;1117:3029.
Krakow, D., R.S. Lachman, dan D.L. Rimoin.2009. Guidelines for the Prenatal
Diagnosis of Fetal Sceletal Dysplasia.Genet Med.Feb; 11(2):12733.
Thompson, S., T . Shakespeare, M.J. Wright.2008. Medical and Sosial Aspects
of the Life Course for Adults with a Sceletaldysplasia: a Review of Current
Knowledge.Disabil Rehab. 30:112.
Lachman, R.S.1998. International Nomenclature and Classification of the
Osteokondrodisplasias.Pediatric Radiology.Okt28(10):73744.
Lachman, R.S. dan V.Rappaport. 1990. Fetal Imaging in the Skeletal
Displasias.Clinical Perinatal.Sep17(3):70322.
Rimoin, D.L.1996. Molecular Defects in the Kondrodisplasias.Am J Med
Genet.Mei 3; 63(1):10610.
Shiang, R., dkk.1994. Mutations in the Transmembrane Domain of FGFR3 Cause
the Most Common Genetik Form of Dwarfism, Akondroplasia.Cell.Jul 29;
78(2):33542.
Sillence, D.O., D.L Rimoin., R.Lachman. 1978. Neonatal Dwarfism.Pediatr Clin
North Am.Agust; 25(3):45383.
Superti-Furga, A., dan S. Unger.2007. Nosologi and Classification of Geneticsceletal
Disorders. Edisi Revisi.Am J Med Genet Part A.143A:118.
Teele, R.L. 2006.A Guide to the Recognition of Skeletal Disorders in the Fetus.
Pediatr Radiology. Jun; 36(6):47384.
Unger, S. dan J.T.Hecht. 2001. Pseudoakondroplasia and Multiple Epifiseal
Displasia: New Etiologic Developments. Am J Med Genet.106(4):24450.
Osteogenesis Imperfekta
Barnes, A.M., E.M. Carter, dkk. 2010 Lack of Cyclophilin B in Osteogenesis
Imperfekta with Normal Collagen Folding.N Engl J Med.
Castillo, H., L. SamsonFang.
2009. Effects of Bisphosphonates in Children with
Osteogenesis Imperfekta: an AACPDM Systematic Review.Dev Med Child
Neurol.Jan; 51(1):1729.
Esposito, P. dan H. Plotkin.2008. Surgical Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfekta:
Current Concepts.Curr Opin Pediatr.Feb; 20(1):527.
Referensi R-17
KamounGoldrat, A.S., dan M.F. Le Merrer.2007.Animal Models of Osteogenesis

Imperfekta and Related Sindroms.J Bone Miner Metab.25(4):2118.
PerezPerez, L., dkk. 2009. An Uncommon Association: Elastosis Perforans
Serpiginosa and Osteogenesis Imperfekta.J Eur Acad Dermatol
Venereol.Feb;23(2):1724.
Pillion, J.P., J. Shapiro.2008. Audiological Findings in Osteogenesis Imperfekta.J
Am Acad Audiol.Sep;19(8):595601.
Plotkin, H.2004. Sindroms with Congenital Brittle Bones.BioMed Central
Pediatrics.4 (16).
Plotkin, H.2006. Two Questions about Osteogenesis Imperfekta.J Ped
Orthop.26:148149.
Plotkin, H., D. Primorac, dan D. Rowe.2003. Osteogenesis Imperfekta.dalam F.
Glorieux, J. Pettifor, J. Juppner (eds).Pediatric Bone: Biologi and Disease.443
71.
Rauch F, R. Travers, A.M. Parfitt, dan F.H. Glorieux.
2000. Static

and
Dynamic
Bone Hystomorphometry in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfekta.Bone.2
6:5819.
Rauch F., Munns C., Land C, Glorieux FH.
2006. Pamidronate in Children and
Adolescents with Osteogenesis Imperfekta: Effect of Treatment Discontinuation.J
Clin Endocrinol Metab.91:126874.
Akondrogenesis
Cohn, D.H., B.J. Starman, B. Blumberg, P.H. Byers. 1990. Recurrence of Lethal
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Due to Parental Mosaicism for A Dominant Mutation
in A Human Tipe I Collagen Gene (COLIAI).Am J Hum Genet.46:591601.
Cunniff, C. 2004.Prenatal Screening and Diagnoses for Pediatricians.Pediatric.
Sep; 114(3):88994.
Corsi, A., M. Riminucci, L.W. Fisher, P. Bianco.
2001.
Acondrogenesis Tipe IB.
Agenesis of Cartilage Interterritorial Matrix as the Link between Gene Defect
and Pathological Skeletal PhenoTipe.Arch Pathol Lab Med.125:13751378.
Faivre, L. dkk.2004. Recurrence of Acondrogenesis Tipe II within the Same Family:
Evidence for Germline Mosaicism.Am J Med Genet A.Apr 30; 126(3):30812.
Hall, J.C.1988. Review and Hipotheses: Somatic Mosaicism. Observationsrelated

to Clinical Genetics.Am J hum Genet.43:355363.
Harris, R, J.T. Patton, A.J. Barson.1972. PseudoAcondrogenesis with Fractures.
Clin Genet. 3(6): 43541.
International Working Group on Constitutional Diseases of Bone. 1998. International
Nomenclature and Classification Spranger, J., A. Winterpacht, B. Zabel.1994.
The Tipe II Collagenopathies: A Spectrum of Condrodisplasias. Eur J
Pediatr.Feb; 153(2): 5665.
Acondrogenesis.Pediatr Dev Pathol.
Kapur, R.P.
2007. JulAgust; 10(4):2535.
Meizner, I., dan Y Barnhard.1995. Acondrogenesis Tipe I Diagnosed by Transvaginal
Ultrasonografi at 13 weeks Gestation.Am J Obstet Ginecol.Nov; 173(5):1620
2.
Rittler M, Orioli IM.Acondrogenesis Tipe II with Polydactyly.Am J Med
Genet.1995;59:157160.
Saldino, R.M.1971. Lethal ShortLimbed Dwarfism: Acondrogenesis and
Thanatoporik Dwarfism.Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med.Mei; 112(1):
18597.
Stuart Houston, C., C.F.
1972. Awen,

dan H.P.
Kent.

Fatal Neonatal
Dwarfism.J
Can Assoc Radiol.Mar; 23(1):4561.
SupertiFurga, A.Acondrogenesis Tipe 1B.J Med Genet.Nov1996;33(11):95761.
Taner, M.Z., dkk.2008. Prenatal Diagnosis of Acondrogenesis Tipe I: A Case
Report.Cases J.1(1):406.
Wainwright, H., P. Beighton.
2008.
Acondrogenesis Tipe II with Cutaneous
Hamartomata.Clin Dysmorphol. Jul; 17(3):2079.
Yang, S.S., A.J. Brough, G.S. Garewal, J. Bernstein.1974. Two Tipes of Heritable
Lethal Acondrogenesis.J Pediatr.Des85(6):796801.
Akondroplasia
Ain, M.C., E.D. Shirley. 2004.Spinal Fusion for Kyphosis in Akondroplasia.J
Pediatr Orthop. 24(5):5415.
Aldegheri, R. 1999. Distraction Osteogenesis for Lengthening of the Tibia in Patients
who Have LimbLength Discrepancy or Short Stature.J Bone Joint Surg
Am.Mei; 81(5):62434.
Referensi R-19
Aterman, K., Welch J.P., Taylor P.G.1983. Presumed Homozygous Akondroplasia.

A Review and Report of A Further Case. Pathol Res Pract.Agust;178(1):
2739.
Azouz, E.M., dkk.1998. Bone Dysplasias: An Introduction.Can Assoc Radiol
J.Apr; 49(2):1059.
Orioli, I.M., E.E. Castilla, J.G. BarbosaNeto.
1986.

The Birth Prevalence Rates for
the Skeletal Dysplasias.J Med Genet.Agust;23(4):32832.
Bower, C.M., dan A. Gungor.2000.Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sindrom.Otolaryngol Clin North Am.Feb; 33(1):4975.
Bulas, D.I., dan J.S. Fonda.Prenatal Evaluation of Fetal Anomalies.Pediatr Clin
North Am.Jun1997;44(3): 53753.
Defendi, G.L., A.K.C. 2006. Leung.Whats Your Diagnosis? Answer:
Acondroplasia.Consultant for Pediatricians.Feb; 5:8790.
Gardner, R.J.1977. A New Estimate of the Akondroplasia Mutation rate.Clin
Genet.Jan; 11(1):318.
Gordon, N.2000. The Neurological Complications of Akondroplasia.Brain
Dev.Jan; 22(1):37.
Hall, J.G, W. Horton, T. Kelly, CI. Scott.1982. Head Growth in Acondroplasia: Use
of Ultrasound Studies.Am J Med Genet.Sep;13(1):105.
Hecht, J.T., C.A. Francomano, W.A. Horton, J.F. Annegers.1987. Mortality in
Acondroplasia.Am J Hum Genet.Sep; 41(3):45464.
Obesity in Acondroplasia.Am J Med Genet.
Hecht,, J.T., dkk.
1988.
Nov; 31(3):
597602.
Hecht, J.T, dkk.
1991.

Cognitive and Motor Skills in Akondroplastic Infants:
Neurologic and Respiratory Correlates.Am J Med Genet.Nov 1;41(2):208
11.
Herman, M.J., dan P.D. Pizzutillo.1999. Cervical Spine Disorders in Children.Orthop
Clin North Am.Jul; 30(3):45766, ix.
Horton, W.A.2006. Recent Milestones in Acondroplasia Research.Am J Med
Genet A.Jan 15;140(2):1669.
Horton, W.A., O.J. Hood, dan M.A. Machado. 1988.Growth Plate Cartilage Studies in
Acondroplasia.
Editor: B.Nicoletti, S.E. Kopits, E. Ascani, V.A. McKusick.Human
Akondroplasia: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Plenum Press:819.
Horton, W.A. dkk.

1978
. Standard

Growth Curves for Acondroplasia.J
Pediatr.Sep;93(3):4358.
Hunter, A.G. dkk.1998. Medical Complications of Acondroplasia: a Multicentre
Patient Review.J Med Genet.Sep; 35(9):70512.
Keiper, G.L., B. Koch, K.R. Crone. 1999.Acondroplasia and Cervicomedullary
Compression: Prospective Evaluation and Surgical Treatment.Pediatr
Neurosurg.Aug;31(2):7883.
Lachman, R.S.1997. Neurologic Abnormalities in the Skeletal Dysplasias: a Clinical
and Radiological Perspective.Am J Med Genet.Mar 3;69(1):3343.
Nelson, F.W., dkk.
988

Neurological Basis of Respiratory Complications in
Akondroplasia.Ann Neurol.Jul1;24(1):8993..
Noonan, K.J., M. Leyes, F. Forriol. 1998. Canadell J.Distraction Osteogenesis of
the Lower Extremity with Use of Monolateral External Fixation. A Study of
Two Hundred and SixtyOne Femora and Tibiae.J Bone Joint Surg Am.Jun;
80(6):793806.
Pauli, R.M., dkk..1984. Apnea and Sudden Unexpected Death in Infants with
Acondroplasia.J Pediatr.Mar;104(3):3428.
Penrose, L.S.Parental Age in Akondroplasia and Mongolism.Am J Hum
Genet.1957;9:1679.
PierreKahn, A. dkk.1980. Hydrocephalus and Akondroplasia. A Study of 25
Observations.Childs Brain.7(4):20519.
Rousseau, F. dkk.Mutations in the Gene Encoding Fibroblas Growth Faktor
Receptor3 In Akondroplasia.Nature.15 Sep 1994;371(6494):2524.
Seino, Y., dkk..2000. Growth Hormone Therapy in Akondroplasia.Horm Res.
Suppl 3:536.
Shiang, R. dkk.Mutations in the Transmembrane Domain of FGFR3 Cause
the Most Common Genetik Form of Dwarfism, Akondroplasia.Cell.Jul
291994;78(2):33542.
Stokes, D.C. dkk.1983. Respiratory Complications of Akondroplasia.J
Pediatr.Apr;102(4):53441.
Trotter, T.L., dan J.G. 2005. Hall, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee
on Genetics.Health Supervision for Children with Acondroplasia.Pediatrics.
Sep;116(3): 77183.
Referensi R-21
Araknodaktili
Ahn, N.U., dkk.
2000. Dural Ectasia in the Marfan Sindrom: MR and CT Findings
and Criteria.Genet Med.MeiJun;2(3):1739.
Tall Stature.Pediatr Rev.Sep;19(9): 3035.
Alpert, B.S

.1998.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Genetiks.1996. Health Supervision
for Children with Marfan Syndrome.Pediatrics.Nov;98(5):97882.
Avivi, E., dkk. 2008. Skeletal manifestations of Marfan Syndrome.Isr Med Assoc
J.Mar;10(3):1868.
Altman, A., L. Uliel, L. Caspi.2008.Duralectasia as Presenting Symptom of Marfan
Sindrom.Isr Med Assoc J.Mar;10(3):1945.
Callewaert, B., dkk.2008. EhlersDanlos Sindroms and Marfan Syndrome.Best
Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. Mar; 22(1):16589.
Chen, H.2006. Marfan Syndrome, dalamAtlas of Genetik Diagnosis and
Counseling.Totowa. New Jersey:Humana Press.
Coselli, J.S., S.A. LeMaire, S. Buket.1995. Marfan Syndrome: the Variability and
Outcome of Operative Management.J Vasc Surg.Mar;21(3):43243.
Dean, J.C.2007. Marfan Sindrom: Clinical Diagnosis and Management.Eur J
Hum Genet.Mei 9.
De Vries, B.B., G. Pals, R. Odink, B.C. 2007.

Hamel.
Homozygosity for a FBN1
Missense Mutation: Clinical and Molecular Evidence for Recessive Marfan
Syndrome.Eur J Hum Genet.Sep;15(9):9305.
Dietz, H.C., R.E. Pyeritz.2001 Marfan Syndrome and Related Disorders dalam
C.R. Scriver, dkk. (eds).The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited
Disease.New York:McGrawHill.
Frydman, M.2008. The Marfan Sindrom.Isr Med Assoc J.Mar;10(3):1758.
Gelb, B.D.2006. Marfans Syndrome and Related DisordersMore Tightly
Connected than we Thought.N Engl J Med.Agust 24;355(8):8414.
Godfrey, M.1993. The Marfan Syndrom.In: Beighton P, ed.McKusicks Heritable
Disorders of Connective Tissue.Edisi ke-5.St Louis, MO:Mosby.
Goland, S, dan U.Elkayam. 2009. Cardiovascular Problems in Pregnant Women
with Marfan Sindrom.Circulation.Feb 3;119(4):61923.
Ha, H.I, dkk. 2007.Imaging of Marfan Sindrom: Multisystemic Manifestations.
Radiographics.JulAgust;27(4):9891004.
Harris, E.J. dkk.2004. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Flatfoot.J Foot Ankle
Surg.NovDes;43(6):34173.
Jones, K.B. dkk. 2007. Symposium on the Muskuloskeletal Aspects of
Marfan Syndrome: Meeting Report and State of the Science.J Orthop
Res.Mar;25(3):41322.
Nollen, G.J. dan B.J.Mulder. 2004. What is New in the Marfan Sindrom?.Int J
Cardiol.Des; 97 Suppl 1:1038.
Pyeritz, R.E.The Marfan Syndrome,dalam Heritable Connective Tissue and Its
Disorders.New York:WileyLiss;1993:43768.
Pyeritz, R.E, dan V.A. McKusick.1979.The Marfan Syndrome: Diagnosis and
Management.N Engl J Med.Apr 5;300(14):7727.
The Marfan Syndrome.Annu Rev Med.51:481510.
Pyeritz, R.E.2000.

Rose, P.S. dkk.
2000. A Comparison of the Berlin and Ghent Nosologies and
the Influence of Duralectasia in the Diagnosis of Marfan Syndrome.Genet
Med.Okt;2(5):27882.
Raanani, E. dan P. Ghosh.2008. The Multidisciplinary Approach to the Marfan
Patient.Isr Med Assoc J.Mar;10(3):1714.
Ramirez, F., H.C. Dietz.2007. Marfan Sindrom: from Molecular Pathogenesis to
Clinical Treatment.Curr Opin Genet Dev.Apr 26.
Van de Velde, S., R. Fillman, S. Yandow.2006. Protrusio acetabuli in Marfan
Syndrome: History, Diagnosis, and Treatment.J Bone Joint Surg
Am.Mar;88(3):63946.
Von Kodolitsch, Y., dan P.N. Robinson.
2007. Marfan Syndrome: an Update of
Genetics, Medical and Surgical Management.Heart.Jun; 93(6):75560.
Williams, A., dkk.2008. Medical Treatment of Marfan Syndrome: a Time for Chang
e.Heart.Apr;94(4):41421.
CTEV
Bensahel, H., Z. Csukonyi, Y. Desgrippes, J.P. Chaumien. 1987. Surgery in Residual
Clubfoot: OneStage Medioposterior Release la carte. J Pediatr Orthop.
MarApr;7(2):1458.
Bensahel, H., dkk. 2006. Conservative Treatment of Clubfoot: The Functional Method
and Its LongTerm FollowUp. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 40(2):1816.
Referensi R-23
Bohm. 1929. Arrest of Fetal Development in the Fibular Stage. J Bone Joint Surg
Am. 11:229.
Bor, N., J.E. Herzenberg, S.L. Frick.
2006. Ponseti Management of Clubfoot in Older
Infants. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Mar;444:2248.
Celebi, L. dkk. 2006. Assessment of Interobserver and Intraobserver Reliability. J
Pediatr Orthop B. Jan;15(1):346.
Genetik Aspects of Club Foot. J Bone Joint
Cowell, H.R. dan B.K. Wein.
1980.

Surg Am. Des;62(8):13814.
Docker, C.E., S. Lewthwaite, N.T. Kiely. 2007. Ponseti Treatment in the Management
of Clubfoot Deformitya Continuing Role for Paediatric Orthopaedic Services in
Secondary Care Centres. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. Jul;89(5):5102.
Dyer, P.J., N. Davis. 2006. The Role of the Pirani Scoring System in the Management of
Club Foot by the Ponseti Method. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Agust;88(8):10824.
Faulks, S. dan B. Luther. 2005. Changing Paradigm for the Treatment of Clubfoot.
Orthop Nurs. JanFeb;24(1):2530; quiz 312.
Ferreira, R.C., M.T. Costa, G.G. Frizzo, R.A. Santin. Correction of Severe Recurrent
Clubfoot using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device. Foot Ankle Int. Mei
2007;28(5):55768.
Ferreira, R.C., M.T. Costa, G.G. Frizzo, R.A. Santin. 2007.

Correction of Severe
Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device. Foot
Ankle Int. Mei; 28(5):55768.
Freedman, J.A., H. Watts, N.Y. Otsuka.
2006. The Ilizarov Method for the Treatment
of Resistant Clubfoot: Is It an Effective Solution?. J Pediatr Orthop. Jul
Agust;26(4):4327.
Graham, G.P. dan C.M. Dent Dillwyn Evans. 1992. Operation for Relapsed Club
Foot. LongTerm Results. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Mei;74(3):4458.
Hsu, W.K., N.N. Bhatia, A. Raskin, N.Y. Otsuka. 2007.
Wound Complications
from Idiopathic Clubfoot Surgery: A Comparison of the Modified Turco and the
Cincinnati Treatment Methods. J Pediatr Orthop. AprMei;27(3):32932.
Hussain, F.N. The Role of the Pirani Scoring System in the Management of Club
Foot by the Ponseti Method. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Apr 2007;89(4):561; author
reply 5612.
Ippolito, E, Ponseti IV. Congenital

Club Foot in the Human Fetus. A Histological
Study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jan 1980;62(1):822.
Lejman, T, Kowalczyk B. Results of Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot with Modified

Goldners Technique]. Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol. 2002;67(4):3515.
Morcuende, J.A. dkk. Results of an Accelerated Ponseti Protocol for Clubfoot. J

Pediatr Orthop. SepOkt 2005;25(5):6236.
Noonan, K.J. dan Richards B.S. Nonsurgical Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. NovDes 2003;11(6):392402.
Parada, S.A. dkk. 2009. Safety of Percutaneous Tendoachilles Tenotomy Performed
under General Anesthesia on Infants with Idiopathic Clubfoot. J Pediatr Orthop.
Des;29(8):9169.
2009. Multistate Study of the Epidemiologi of Clubfoot. Birth
Parker, S.E. dkk.
Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. Agust 20.
Paton, R.W. dan A.J. Freemont. 1993. A Clinicopathological Study of Idiopathic
CTEV. J R Coll Surg Edinb. Apr;38(2):1089.
Ponseti, I.V. 2000. Clubfoot Management. J Pediatr Orthop. NovDes; 20(6):699
700.
Ponseti, I.V. 2002. Relapsing Clubfoot: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment. Iowa
Orthop J.;22:556.
Scher, D.M. The Ponseti Method for Treatment of Congenital Club Foot. Curr Opin
Pediatr. Feb 2006;18(1):225.
Varus Metatarsal
Granberry, W.M., dan C.H. Hickey.1994. Idiopathic Adult Hallux Varus.Foot
Ankle Int.Apr;15(4):197205.
Hawkins, F.B. 1971. Acquired Hallux Varus: Cause, Prevention, and Correction.Clin
Orthop Relat Res.Mei;76:16976.
Jahss, M.H. 1991. Disorders of the Hallux and First Ray dalam Disorders of the Foot
and Ankle: Medical and Surgical Management.Edisi ke-2.Philadelphia:WB
Saunders Co.
Juliano, P.J., M.S. Myerson , B.W. Cunningham.Biomechanical Assessment of a New
Tenodesis for Correction of Hallux Varus.Foot Ankle Int.Jan1996;17(1):17
20.
Lagaay, P.M. dkk. 2008. Rates of Revision Surgery using ChevronAustin Osteotomy,
Lapidus Arthrodesis, and Closing Base Wedge Osteotomy for Correction of
Hallux Valgus Deformity.J Foot Ankle Surg.JulAug;47(4):26772.
Referensi R-25
Leemrijse, T., dkk.2008. A New Surgical Procedure for Iatrogenic Hallux Varus:
Reverse Transfer of the Abductor Hallucis Tendon: A Report of 7 Cases.Acta
Orthop Belg.Apr;74(2):22734.
Mann, R.A., M.J. Coughlin (eds). 1993. Adult Hallux Valgus.Surgery of the Foot
and Ankle.Edisi ke-6.St. Louis, Mo:Mosby, Inc; 28492.
Miller, J.W.1975. Acquired Hallux Varus: A Preventable and Correctable Disorder.J
Bone Joint Surg Am.Mar; 57(2):1838.
Orzechowski, W., dkk.2008. Evaluation of Follow-Up Results of McBride Operative
Treatment for Hallux Valgus Deformity.Ortop Traumatol Rehabil.MeiJun;
10(3):26173.
Popelka, S., P. Vavrk, R. Hromdka, A. Sosna.2008.Our Results of the Lapidus
Procedure in Patients with Hallux Valgus Deformity. Acta Chir Orthop
Traumatol Cech.Agust;75(4):2716.
Skalley, T.C. dan M.S. Myerson.1994. The Operative Treatment of Acquired Hallux
Varus.Clin Orthop Relat Res.Sep;(306):18391.
Tourn Y, Saragaglia D, Picard F, dkk.
Iatrogenic Hallux
Varus Surgical Procedure:
A Study of 14 Cases.Foot Ankle Int.Agust1995;16(8):45763.
Sanders M. Complications of Hallux Valgus Surgery.Complications of Foot and
Ankle Surgery.1998:118.
Vanore, J.V. dkk.Diagnosis and Treatment of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Disorders. Section 3: Hallux Varus.J Foot Ankle Surg.MeiJun2003;42(3):137
42.
Referensi Bab
6
Konsep Infeksi dan Inflamasi
Apley, A. Graham. 1993. Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders. System of
Government.
Klippel, J.H. 2008. Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases. Edisi ke13. New York:
Springer.
Price, S.A. dan L.M. Wilson. 1995. Patofisiologi, Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses
Penyakit. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta: EGC.
Pruthi, S., M.M. Thapa. 2009. Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders. Radiol Clin
North Am. Nov;47(6):91126.
Ruedi, T.P., R. Buckley, C. Moran. 2007. AO Principles of Fracture Management.
Salter, R.B. 1999. Textbook of Disorders An Injuries of the Musculoskeletal System.
Edisi ke-3. Baltimore:Williams and Wilkins.
Osteomielitis Hematogen Akut

Bamberger, D.M. 2000. Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteomyelitis. Compr Ther.
Summer;26(2):8995.
Fowler, V.G. Jr, dkk. 2005. Risk Factors for Hematogenous Complications of
Intravascular CatheterAssociated Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia. Clin
Infect Dis. Mar 1;40(5):695703.
Goergens
, E.D., A. Mcevoy, M. Watson, I.R. Barrett. Acute Osteomyelitis and Septic
Arthritis in Children. J Paediatr Child Health. JanFeb 2005;41(12):5962.
Kaplan, S.L. Osteomyelitis in Children. Infect Dis Clin North Am. Des
2005;19(4):78797, Vii.
R-27
Kiang, K.M., dkk. 2005. Outbreak of Osteomyelitis/Septic Arthritis Caused by

Kingella Kingae Among Child Care Center Attendees. Pediatrics. Agust;116(2):
E20613.
Mandracchia, dkk. 2004. Management of Osteomyelitis. Clin Podiatr Med Surg.
Jul;21(3):33551, Vi.
Moumile, K., dkk. Bacterial Aetiology of Acute Osteoarticular Infections in
Children. Acta Paediatr. Apr 2005;94(4):41922.
Schweitzer, M.E., dkk.
2008. Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging. ACR
Appropriateness Criteria

Suspected Osteomyelitis in Patients with Diabetes
Mellitus. American College of Radiology (ACR).
Seligson, D. dan K. Klemm. 1999. Adult Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis of the Tibial
Diaphysis of the Tibial Shaft. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Mar;306.
Sonnen, G.M., dan N.K. Henry. 1996 . Pediatric Bone and Joint Infections. Diagnosis
and Antimicrobial Management. Pediatr Clin North Am. Agust;43(4):93347.
Steer, A.C. dan J.R. Carapetis. 2004. Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Children:
Recognition and Management. Paediatr Drugs.6(6):33346.
Tsukayama, D.T. 1999. Pathophysiology of Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis. Clin
Orthop Relat Res.
Mar;229.
Waagner, D.C. 2000. Musculoskeletal Infections in Adolescents. Adolesc Med.
Jun;11(2):375400.
Zalavras, C.G., M.J. Patzakis, P. Holtom. Local Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of
Open Fractures and Osteomyelitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Okt 2004;8693.
Clinical Practice. Vertebral Osteomyelitis. N Engl J Med. Mar
Zimmerli, W.
2010.
18;362(11):10229.
Osteomyelitis. Dis Mon. Jan;56(1):531.
Chihara, S., J. Segreti. 2010.

Osteomielitis Piogenik Akut

Acute Pyogenic Osteomyelitis in Children. Orthop Rev. Apr
Dirschl, D.R.
1994;23(4):30512
ODaly, B.J., S.F. Morris, S.K. ORourke. 2008.

Long Term Functional Outcome in
Pyogenic Spinal Infection. Spine. Apr 15;33(8):E24653.
Shih, H.N., L.Y. Shih, Y.C. Wong. 2005.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Subacute
Osteomyelitis. J Trauma. Jan;58(1):837.
Referensi R-29
Trobs, R, dkk.
1999.

Changing Pattern of Osteomyelitis in Infants and Children.
Pediatr Surg Int. Jul;15(56):36372.
Tsukayama, D.T. 1999. Pathophysiology of Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis. Clin
Orthop Relat Res.
Mar;229.
Artritis Sepsis
, P. dan N. Nikpoor. 1994. Imaging Osteomyelitis. Arthritis Rheum.
Aliabadi
Mei;37(5):61722.
Baraboutis, I., dan A. Skoutelis. Streptococcus Pneumoniae Septic Arthritis in
Adults. Clin Microbiol Infect. Des 2004;10(12):10379.
Berbari, E.F., dkk. 2007. CultureNegative Prosthetic Joint Infection. Clin Infect
Dis. 1 Nov;45(9):11139.
Broy, S.B., dan F.R.

Schmid. 1986.
A Comparison of Medical Drainage (Needle
Aspiration) and Surgical Drainage (Arthrotomy or Arthroscopy) in the Initial
Treatment of Infected Joints. Clin Rheum Dis. Agust;12(2):50122.
Arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North
Cucurull,
E. dan L.R. Espinoza.
1998. Gonococcal

Am. Mei;24(2):30522.
Del Pozo JL, Patel R. 2009.

Clinical Practice. Infection

Associated with Prosthetic
Joints. N Engl J Med. 20 Agustus;361(8):78794.
Garcia, De La Torre I. 2003. Advances in the Management of Septic Arthritis.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am. Feb;29(1):6175.
Goldenberg, D.L. dan A.S. Cohen. 1976. Acute Infectious Arthritis. A Review of
Patients with Nongonococcal Joint Infections (with Emphasis on Therapy and
Prognosis). Am J Med. Mar;60(3):36977.
Goldenberg, D.L. 1991. Septic Arthritis and Other Infections of Rheumatological
Significance. Rheum Clin NA.;17:149.
Manadan A.M. dan J.A. Block. 2004. Daily Needle Aspiration versus Surgical
Lavage for the Treatment of Bacterial Septic Arthritis in Adults. Am J Ther.
SepOkt;11(5):4125.
Margaretten, M.E., J. Kohlwes, D. Moore, S. Bent. 2007. Does This Adult Patient
Have Septic Arthritis?. JAMA. Apr 4;297(13):147888.
Mcguire, N.M., dan C.A. Kauffman. Septic Arthritis in the Elderly. J Am Geriatr
Soc. Mar 1985;33(3):1704.
Rice, P.A. Gonococcal Arthritis (Disseminated Gonococcal Infection). Infect Dis

Clin North Am. Des 2005;19(4):85361.
Rosenthal J, G.G. Bole, W.D. Robinson. 1980. Acute Nongonococcal Infectious
Arthritis. Evaluation of Risk Factors, Therapy, and Outcome. Arthritis Rheum.
Agustus;23(8):88997.
Ross J.J., dan H. Shamsuddin. 2004. Sternoclavicular Septic Arthritis: Review of
180 Cases. Medicine (Baltimore). Mei;83(3):13948.
Smith, J.W., E.A. Piercy. 1995. Infectious Arthritis. Clin Infect Dis. Feb;20(2):225
30; Quiz 231.
Wilson, M.L., dan W. Winn. 2008 Laboratory Diagnosis of Bone, Joint, SoftTissue,
and Skin Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 1 Feb;46(3):4537.
ProstheticJoint Infections. N Engl
Zimmerli,
W., A. Trampuz, P.E. Ochsner.
2004.

J Med. 14 Okt ;351(16):164554.
Septic Bursitis. Semin Arthritis
Zimmermann
,
B., D.J. Mikolich, Ho G Jr.
1995.
Rheum. Jun;24(6):391410.
Spondilitis
Almeida A.2005. Tuberculosis of the Spine and Spinal Cord.Eur J
Radiol.Agustus;55(2):193201.
American Thoracic Society/Centers For Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious
Diseases Society of America. 2003. Treatment of Tuberculosis.Am J Respir
Crit Care Med.Feb 15;167(4):60362.
Cormican, L. dkk. 2006. Current Difficulties in the Diagnosis and Management of
Spinal Tuberculosis.Postgrad Med J.Jan;82(963):4651.
Currier B.L, dan F.J. 1992. Eismont Infections of the Spine. The Spine. Editor:
Rothman Simeone . Edisi ke-3. Hlm.135364. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Davidson, P.T. dan H.Q. Le. 1999.Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial
Infections. Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis. Editor: D Schlossberg. Edisi ke-
4.Hlm. 20420.Saint Louis: WB Saunders.
Graham J.M. dan J. Kozak. 1993. Spinal Tuberculosis. Rehabilitation of the Spine:
Science and Practice. Editor: S.H.

Hochschuler, H.B. Cotler, R.D. Guyer.
Hlm.
38790. St. Louis: MosbyYear Book, Inc.
Tuberculosis of the Spine.Clin Orthop Relat Res.Jul;460:23.
Jain, A.K.
2007.
Referensi R-31
Lauerman, W.C., M. Regan. 1996. Spine. Review of Orthopaedics. Editor: Miller

(Ed). Hlm 27091. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Leibert, E.G.
2004
Haralambou.Tuberculosis. Spinal Tuberculosis. Editor: dalam
W.N. Rom dan S. Garay. Hlm. 56577. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams and
Wilkins.
Lifeso, R.M., P. Weaver, dan E.H. Harder.Tuberculous Spondylitis in Adults.J
Bone Joint Surg Am.Des1985;67(9):140513.
Lindsay, K.W., I. Bone, R. Callander. 1991. Spinal Cord and Root Compresion.
Neurology and Neurosurgery Illustrated. Edisi ke-2. Edinburgh: Churchill
Livingstone.
Miller, F., N. Horne, S.J. Crofton. 1999. Tuberculosis in Bone and Joint. Clinical
Tuberculosis. Edisi ke-2. Hlm.626. London: Macmillan Education Ltd.
Moon, M.S. 1997.Tuberculosis of the Spine. Controversies and A New
Challenge.Spine.1 Agustus;22(15):17917.
Non Mechanical Disorders of the Lumbar Spine. A
Ombregt, L. dkk. T.
1995.
System of Orthopaedic Medicine.
Hlm. 61532. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Ridley, N, dkk.1998. Radiology of Skeletal Tuberculosis. Orthopedics.
Nov;21(11):121320.
Salter, R.B. 1997. Tuberculous Osteomyelitis. Textbook of Disorders and Injuries
of the Musculoskeletal System. Edisi ke-3. Baltimore: Lipincott, William dan
Wilkins.
Savant, C., dan K .Rajamani. 1997. Tropical Diseases of the Spinal Cord, dalam
E. Critchley, A. Eisen, (Ed). Spinal Cord Disease: Basic Science, Diagnosis and
Management. London: SpringerVerlag.
Tachdjian, M.O. 1990. Tuberculosis of the Spine. Pediatric Orthopedics. Edisi
ke-2. Hlm.144954. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Taylor, G.M., dkk.
2007.

First Report of Mycobacterium Bovis DNA in Human
Remains from the Iron Age. Microbiology. Apr;153:12439.
Terry, R.Y. dan R. Lindsay. 1996. Infection: Non-Suppurative Osteomyelitis
(Tuberkulosis). Essential of Skeletal Radiology. Edisi ke-2. Baltiomore:Williams
and Wilkins.
Turgut, M. 2001. Spinal Tuberculosis (Potts Disease): Its Clinical Presentation,
Surgical Management, and Outcome. A Survey Study on 694 Patients.Neurosurg
Rev.Mar;24(1):813.
Watts, H.G., R.M.Lifeso. Tuberculosis of Bones and Joints.J Bone Joint Surg
Am.Feb1996;78(2):28898.
Weaver, P., R.M.Lifeso. 1984. The Radiological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis of the
Adult Spine.Skeletal Radiol.12(3):17886.
Wood.G.W. 1987. Infections of Spine, dalam A.H. Crenshaw (Ed). Campbells
Operative Orthopaedics. Edisi ke-7.Hlm. 332345. St. Louis: CV. Mosby
Company.
Sinovitis Transien pada Hip

American College of Radiology, Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging.2003.
Chronic Hip Pain.ACR Appropriateness Criteria.
Caird, M.S. dkk. 2006.Factors Distinguishing Septic Arthritis from Transient
Synovitis of the Hip in Children: A Prospective Study.The Journal of Bone
and Joint Surgery.Juni;88B:12511257.
Caird M.S. dkk. 2006.Factors Distinguishing Septic Arthritis from Transient
Synovitis of the Hip in Children: A Prospective Study.The Journal of Bone
and Joint Surgery.Juni:88B:12511257.
Chung, S.M.Diseases of the Developing Hip Joint.Pediatr Clin North
Am.Des;33(6):145773.
Del Beccaro, M.A., dkk.
1992.

Septic Arthritis versus Transient Synovitis of the Hip: the
Value of Screening Laboratory Tests.Ann Emerg Med.Des;21(12):141822.
Fabry, G. 2010. Clinical Practice: The Hip from Birth to Adolescence. Eur J Pediatr.
Feb;169(2):1438.
Fink, P.C., dan J.E. Dufort. 1996. Orthopedic Disorders. Pediatric Emergency
Medicine.937.
Fordham, L., dkk.2007. Limping Child Ages 05 Years. ACR Appropriateness
Criteria.
Transient Synovitis of the Hip in Children.Am Fam Physician.Okt;
Hart, J.J. 1996.

54(5):158791, 15956.
Haueisen, D.C., D.S. Weiner, S.D. Weiner. 1986.
The Characterization of Transient
Synovitis of the Hip Children.J Pediatr Orthop.JanFeb;6(1):117.
Jung, S.T. dkk.2003. Significance of Laboratory and Radiologic Findings for
Differentiating Between Septic Arthritis and Transient Synovitis of the
Hip.Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics.23 Juni; 368372.
Referensi R-33
Keenan, G.F. 1997.Transient Synovitis. The Five Minute Pediatric Consult.736.

Kermond, S., M. Fink, K. Graham.A Randomized Clinical Trial: Should the
Child with Transient Synovitis of the Hip Be Treated with Nonsteroidal Anti-
Inflammatory Drugs?.Annals of Emergency Medicine.2002;40:2949.
Koop, S. dan D. Quanbeck. 1996. Three Common Causes of Childhood Hip
Pain.Pediatr Clin North Am.Okt;43(5):105366.
Krul, M. dkk. 2010. Acute NonTraumatic Hip Pathology in Children: Incidence
and Presentation. Family Practice.Apr;27(2):16670.
Luhmann, S.J. dkk.
2004.

Differentiation Between Septic Arthritis and Transient
Synovitis of the Hip in Children with Clinical Prediction Algorithms.J Bone
Joint Surg Am.Mei;86A(5):95662.
Saulsbury, Frank T. 2008. Arthritis Presenting as Transient Synovitis of the
Hip.Clinical Pediatrics.Okt; 47:8333835.
Simon, R.R., dan S.J. Koenigsknecht.Hip, Pelvis, and Thigh.Emergency
Orthopedics: The Extremities.1995:421.
Skinner, J., S. Glancy, T.F. Beattie, G.M. Hendry.2002. Transient Synovitis: Is
There A Need to Aspirate Hip Joint Effusions?.European Journal of Emergency
Medicine.9:158.
Snider, R.K. 1998. Transient Synovitis of the Hip. Essentials of Musculoskeletal
Care. 6678.
Wingstrand, H.1986. Transient Synovitis of the Hip in the Child.Acta Orthop
Scand Suppl.219:161.
Bursitis
Alvarez-Nemegyei, J. dan J.J. Canoso. 2004. Evidence-Based Soft Tissue Rheumatology:
III: Trochanteric Bursitis.J Clin Rheumatol.Jun;10(3):123124.
. 2004. EvidenceBased Soft Tissue Rheumatology IV: Anserine
Bursitis.J Clin Rheumatol.Agustus;10(4):205206.
Alvarez-Nemegyei, J. 2007.Risk Factors for Pes Anserinus Tendinitis/Bursitis
Syndrome: A Case Control Study.J Clin Rheumatol.Apr;13(2):635.
American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Clinical Guidelines.1996.
Guidelines for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Arthritis
Rheum.Mei;39(5):71322.
Arnett, F.C. dkk. 1988.

The American Rheumatism Association 1987 Revised Criteria for
the Classification of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Arthritis Rheum.Mar;31(3):31524.
Askling, J. dkk. 2009. Cancer Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with
AntiTumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Therapies: Does the Risk Change with the
Time Since Start of Treatment?.Arthritis Rheum.Nov;60(11):31809.
Balsa, A. dkk. 2010.Prediction of Functional Impairment and Remission
in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Biochemical Variables and Genetic
Polymorphisms.Rheumatology (Oxford).Mar;49(3):45866.
Bingham, C.O. dkk. 2010.Immunization Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Treated With Rituximab: Results from A Controlled Clinical Trial.Arthritis
Rheum.Jan;62(1):6474.
Meune, C. dkk. 2010. Trends in Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Rheumatoid
Arthritis Over 50 Years: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis of Cohort
Studies.Rheumatology (Oxford).Okt;48(10):130913.
Artritis Rematik
Baker, C.L. dkk.2007. Arthroscopic Bursectomy for Recalcitrant Trochanteric Bu
rsitis.Arthroscopy.Agust;23(8):82732.
Bresnihan, B. dkk.Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Recombinant Human
Interleukin1 Receptor Antagonist.Arthritis Rheum.Des1998;41(12):2196
204.
Butcher, J.D. dkk. 1996. Lower Extremity Bursitis.Am Fam Physician.Mei
15;53(7):231724.
Conn, D.L.2001. Resolved: Low-Dose Prednisone is Indicated as A Standard
Treatment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Arthritis Rheum.Okt;45(5):462
7.
Crenshaw, A.H. dan S.T.Canale. 1998. Nontraumatic Disorders,dalam Canale
ST (Ed). Campbells Operative Orthopaedics. Edisi ke-9. Hlm. 77685.St
Louis:Mosby.
Delee, J.C, D. Drez. 2003.Imaging Effusions, Cysts, and Ganglia, dalam Delee,
Drez, dan Miller (Eds). Delee and Drezs Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: Principles
and Practice.Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders.
Referensi R-35
Edwards, C.J. 2005Immunological Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis.Br Med

Bull. 7374:7182.
Eisenberg, R.2005. Update on Rituximab.Ann Rheum Dis.Nov;64 Suppl 4:
Iv557.
Emery, P.2006. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.BMJ.Jan 21;332(7534):1525.
Furst, D.E., dkk.
2007.

Updated Consensus Statement on Biological Agents for the
Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases. Ann Rheum Dis.Nov;66 Suppl 3:Iii222.
Keplinge, F.S., N. Gupta.2002. Knee Bursitis. Essentials of Physical Medicine
and Rehabilitation. Editor: W.R. Frontera dan J.K. Silver. Philadelphia: Hanley
and Belfus; 3404.
Biologic Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis.N Engl J Med.
Klippel, J.H.
2000. 30
Nov;343(22):16401.
Lee, D.M., dan M.E.Weinblatt. 2001.
Rheumatoid

Arthritis.Lancet.
15
Sep;358(9285):90311.
Lipsky, P.E., dkk.
Infliximab and

Methotrexate in the

Treatment of

Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy
Study Group.N Engl J Med.30 Nov;343(22):1594602.
Mcafee, J.H., D.L. Smith.1988. Olecranon and Prepatellar Bursitis. Diagnosis and
Treatment.West J Med.Nov;149(5):60710.
Moreland, L.W., dkk.
1997. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with A Recombinant
Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (P75)Fc Fusion Protein.N Engl J
Med.Jul 17;337(3):1417.
Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis.N Engl J
ODell, J.R.
2004.
Med.Jun 17;350(25):2591602.
Olsen, N.J., C.M. Stein.2004. New Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis.N Engl J
Med.Mei 20;350(21):216779.
Pincus, T., L.F. Callahan.What Is the Natural History of Rheumatoid
Arthritis?.Rheum Dis Clin North Am.Feb1993;19(1):12351.
Pretell, J., J. Ortega, R. GarcaRayo, C. Resines.2009. Distal Fascia Lata
Lengthening: An Alternative Surgical Technique for Recalcitrant Trochanteric
Bursitis.Int Orthop.Okt;33(5):12237.
Reilly, J.P., J.A. Nicholas.The Chronically Inflamed Bursa.Clin Sports
Med.Apr1987;6(2):34570.
Salzman, K.L., W.A. Lillegard, J.D. Butcher. 1997.Upper Extremity Bursitis.Am

Fam Physician.Nov 1;56(7):1797806, 18112.
Secchiero, P. dkk.
2010.

Baseline Serum Concentrations of TRAIL in Early
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Relationship with Response to DiseaseModifying
Antirheumatic Drugs.J Rheumatol.Jul;37(7):14616.
Sheon, R.P., R.W. Moskowitz, V.M. Goldberg.1996. Soft Tissue Rheumatic Pain:
Recognition, Management, Prevention. Edisi ke-3.Baltimore: Williams and
Wilkins.
Smolen, J.S. dkk. 2007. New Therapies for Treatment of Rheumatoid
Arthritis.Lancet.Des 1;370(9602):186174.
Smolen, J.S. dkk.2003. A Simplified Disease Activity Index for Rheumatoid Arthritis
for Use in Clinical Practice.Rheumatology (Oxford).Feb;42(2):24457.
Visser, K., D. Van Der Heijde. 2009.Optimal Dosage and Route of Administration
of Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of the
Literature.Ann Rheum Dis.Jul;68(7):10949.
Wiens, A., R. Venson, C.J. Correr, M.F. Otuki, R. Pontarolo.
2010
. Meta-Analysis
of the Efficacy and Safety of Adalimumab, Etanercept, and Infliximab for the
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Pharmacotherapy.
Apr;30(4):33953.
Wolfe, F., dkk.1994. The Mortality of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Arthritis
Rheum.Apr;37(4):48194.
Artritis Rematik Juvenil

American College of Rheumatology, Section on Pediatric Rheumatology.1997.
Position Statement: Guidelines For Referral of Children and Adolescents To
Pediatric Rheumatologists. http://www.Rheumatology.Org/Sections/Pediatric/
Ped_Referral.Pdf, 11 November 1997.
American College of Rheumatology, Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis
Guidelines. 2002. Guidelines for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis:
2002 Update.Arthritis Rheum.Feb;46(2):32846.
Apley, J.1976. Limb Pains With No Organic Disease.Clin Indian Rheumat
Dis.2:48791.
Athreya, B.H.1996. Management of Rheumatic Diseases in Children.Indian J
Pediatr.MeiJun;63(3):30521.
Referensi R-37
Chikanza, I.C.2002. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Therapeutic

Perspectives.Paediatr Drugs. 4(5):33548.
Dabov, G., dan E.A. Perez.2003. Miscellaneous Nontraumatic Disorders: Rheumatoid
Arthritis, dalam S.T. Canale (Ed).Campbells Operative Orthopaedics. Edisi
ke-10.St Louis:Mosby.
Delf Witt, J.2004. Surgical Intervention and Sports Medicine: Surgery in
alam D. Isenberg, P. Maddison, dkk(Eds).Oxford Textbook of
Children, d
Rheumatology.Edisi ke-3.New York:Oxford University Press.
Graham, T.B. E.H. Giannini. 1996.Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Assessment.Indian J Pediatr.MeiJun;63(3):28391.
Ilowite, N.T.2002. Current Treatment of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.Pediatrics
.Jan;109(1):10915.
Joshi, V.R.1997. Approach To Arthritis in Children.Paediatrics Clin India.Apr;8
14.
Maddison, P., P., Huey.2004. Investigation of the Rheumatic Diseases: Immunology
Laboratory Tests. Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology. Editor:
D. Isenberg
dkk
.Edisi ke-3.New York:Oxford University Press.
Malaviya, A.N., K. Alsaeid. 1996.Juvenile Rheumatoid ArthritisClinical
Manifestations.Indian J Pediatr.MeiJun;63(3):27582.
Mccullough, C.J. 1994. Surgical Management of the Hip in Juvenile Chronic
Arthritis.Br J Rheumatol.Feb;33(2):17883.
Miller, M.L.2006. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.Emedicine from Webmd.http://
Emedicine.Medscape.Com/Article/1007276Overview, 14 Juni 2006.
Petty, R.E. 2004.Clinical Presentation of Rheumatic Disease: The Child. Oxford
Textbook of Rheumatology. Editor:
D. Isenberg, P. Maddison, dkk. Edisi

ke-
3.New York:Oxford University Press:819.
Rapoff, M.A., C.B. Lindsley. 2007.Improving Adherence to Medical Regimens for
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.Pediatr Rheumatol Online J.5:10.
Thompson, D., Bird, H.A.Investigation of the Rheumatic Disease: Biochemistry.
Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology. Editor: D.
Isenberg, P. Maddison, dkk
.Edisi
ke-3.New York:Oxford University Press;2004.
Wu, J.F. dkk. 2007.Comparative Usefulness of CReactive Protein and Erythrocyte
Sedimentation Rate in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.Clin Exp Rheumatol.Sep
Okt;25(5):7825.
Demam Rematik Akut

Bryant, P.A., R. Robins-Browne, J.R. Carapetis, N. Curtis.2009. Some of the People,
Some of the Time: Susceptibility to Acute Rheumatic Fever.Circulation.Feb
10;119(5):74253.
Carapetis, J.R. dkk. 2007. Rheumatic Fever Guidelines Writing Group.An
Australian Guideline for Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: An
Abridged Outline.Med J Aust.4 Jun;186(11):5816.
Digenea, A.S., E.M. Ayoub.1993. Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever:
Jones Criteria Updates 1992. Circulation 87.Circulation.87:302.
Gerber, M.A., dkk.2009. Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Diagnosis and
Treatment of Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A Scientific Statement from The
American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki
Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in The Young, The
Interdisciplinary Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology,
and The Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research:
Endorsed by The American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation. 24 Mar;
119(11): 154151.
Gibofsky, A., S. Kerwar, J.B. Zabriskie.1998. Rheumatic Fever. The Relationships
Between Host, Microbe, and Genetics.Rheum Dis Clin North Am.Mei;24(2):237
59.
Guzman, L.1997. Rheumatic Fever.Editor: J Klippel (Ed).Primer on the Rheumatic
Diseases.Edisi ke-11.Atlanta:Arthritis Foundation.
Jones, T.D.1994. Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever.JAMA.126:48185.
Kaplan, E.L.2005. Pathogenesis of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart
Disease: Evasive After Half A Century of Clinical, Epidemiological, and
Laboratory Investigation.Heart.Jan;91(1):34.
Parrillo, S., dan C.V. Parrillo.2001. Rheumatic Fever.Emedicine Journal http://
Emedicine.Medscape.Com/Article/808945Overview.
Rubio, C.1997.Acute Rheumatic Fever.Editor: S.R. West.Rheumatology
Secrets.Vol 1.Philadelphia:Hanley and Belfus.
Steinhoff, M.C. dkk.1997. Effectiveness of Clinical Guidelines for the Presumptive
Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Egyptian Children.Lancet.Sep
27;350(9082):91821.
Referensi R-39
. The Nature of Rheumatogenic Streptococci.Mt Sinai J

Stollerman, G.H.
1996
Med.MeiSep;63(34):14458.
Thatai, D., Z.G. Turi.1999. Current Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with
Rheumatic Fever.Drugs.Apr;57(4):54555.
Yoshinoya, S., R.M. Pope.1980. Detection of Immune Complexes in Acute Rheumatic
Fever and Their Relationship To HLAB5.J Clin Invest.Jan;65(1):13645.
Kalsifikasi Tendonitis
Adamietz, B, dkk.2010. Calcifying Tendonitis of the Shoulder Joint: Predictive Value
of Pretreatment Sonography For the Response to Lowl-Dose Radiotherapy.
Strahlenther onkol. Jan;186(1):1823.
Boyer, T.2006. Arthroscopic Treatment of Calcifying Tendinitis of the Rotator
Cuff.Chir Main.Nov;25 Suppl 1:S2935.
Grtner, J. dan B. Simons. 1990.Analysis of Calcific Deposits in Calcifying
Tendinitis.Clin Orthop Relat Res.Mei;254:11120.
Gosens, T., D.J. Hofstee. 2009. Calcifying Tendinitis of the Shoulder: Advances in
Imaging and Management.Curr Rheumatol Rep.Apr;11(2):12934.
Henningan, S.P., dan A.A. Rome.1999. Calcifying Tendinitis. Disorders of The
Shoulder: Diagnosis and Managament. Editor: J.P. Ianotti, G.R. Williams.
Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Loew, M., dkk.ShockWave Therapy is Effective for Chronic Calcifying Tendinitis
of the Shoulder.J Bone Joint Surg Br.Sep;81(5):8637.
Re, L.P. Jr., dan R.P. Karzel.1993. Management of Rotator Cuff Calcifications.Orthop
Clin North Am.Jan;24(1):12532.
Rebuzzi, E., N. Coletti, S. Schiavetti, F. Giusto. 2008.Arthroscopy Surgery Versus
Shock Wave Therapy for Chronic Calcifying Tendinitis of the Shoulder.J
Orthop Traumatol.Des;9(4):17985.
Seyahi, A. dan M. Demirhan.2009. Arthroscopic Removal of Intraosseous and
Intratendinous Deposits in Calcifying Tendinitis of the Rotator Cuff.Arthrosc
opy.Jun;25(6):5906.
Tillander, B.M, dan R.O. 1998. Norlin.Change of Calcifications After Arthroscopic
Subacromial Desompression.J Shoulder Elbow Surg.MeiJun;7(3):2137.
Uhthoff, H.K., dan J.W.Loehr. 1997. Calcific Tendinopathy of the Rotator

Cuff: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management.J Am Acad Orthop
Surg.Jul;5(4):183191.
Uhthoff, H.K. dan K. Sarkar.1990. Calcifying Tendonitis. Editor: Rockwood C.A.,
Matsen FA III.The Shoulder.Edisi ke-2.Philadelphia:WB Saunders.
Wittenberg, R.H., dkk. 2001. Surgical or Conservative Treatment for Chronic Rotator
Cuff Calcifying TendinitisA Matched-Pair Analysis of 100 Patients.Arch
Orthop Trauma Surg.121(12):569.
Kontraktur Dupuytren
AlQattan, M.M.2006. Factors in the Pathogenesis of Dupuytrens Contracture.J
Hand Surg Am.Nov;31(9):152734.
Anthony, S.G., S.A. LozanoCalderon, B., P. Simmons, dan J.B. Jupiter.Gender
Ratio of Dupuytrens Disease in the Modern U.S. Population.Hand (N
Y).Jun2008;3(2):8790.
Badalamente, M.A., dan L.C. Hurst. 2007.Efficacy and Safety of Injectable Mixed
Collagenase Subtypes in the Treatment of Dupuytrens Contracture.J Hand
Surg Am.JulAgustus;32(6):76774.
Bulstrode, N.W., B. Jemec, P.J. Smith.2005. The Complications of Dupuytrens
Contracture Surgery.J Hand Surg Am.Sep;30(5):10215.
Fitzgerald, A.M., J.J. Kirkpatrick, I.L. Naylor. 1999.Dupuytrens Disease. The Way
Forward?.J Hand Surg Br.Agustus;24(4):3959.
Geoghegan, J.M., dkk.2004. Dupuytrens Disease Risk Factors.J Hand
Surg.10;29B:423426.
Gudmundsson, K.G., R. Arngrimsson, T. Jonsson.2001. Dupuytrens Disease, Alcohol
Consumption and Alcoholism.Scand J Prim Health Care.Sep;19(3):18690.
Hindocha, S, dkk. 2006.The Heritability of Dupuytrens Disease: Familial Aggregation
and Its Clinical Significance.J Hand Surg Am.Feb;31(2):20410.
Hindocha, S., D.A. Mcgrouther, A. Bayat.2009. Epidemiological Evaluation
of Dupuytrens Disease Incidence and Prevalence Rates in Relation to
Etiology.Hand (NY).Sep;4(3):25669.
Hurst, L.C., MA Badalamente.1999. Nonoperative Treatment of Dupuytrens
Disease.Hand Clin.Feb15(1):97107, Vii.
Referensi R-41
Jabaley, M.E. 1999. Surgical Treatment of Dupuytrens Disease.Hand

Clin.Feb;15(1):10926, VII.
JeroschHerold, C., L. Shepstone, A.J. Chojnowski, dan D. Larson.2008. Splinting
After Contracture Release For Dupuytrens Contracture (Scord): Protocol of A
Pragmatic, MultiCentre, Randomized Controlled Trial.BMC Musculoskelet
Disord.Apr 309:62.
Lubahn, J.D.1999. OpenPalm Technique and SoftTissue Coverage in Dupuytrens
Disease.Hand Clin.Feb;15(1):12736.
Mccarty, S., S. Farhatullah, A. Bayat. 2010.Role of the HLA System in the
Pathogenesis of Dupuytrens Disease.Hand. 2;5:241250.
Mullins, P.A. 1999.Postsurgical Rehabilitation of Dupuytrens Disease.Hand
Clin.Feb;15(1):16774, VIII.
Rayan GM.Nonoperative Treatment of Dupuytrens Disease.J Hand Surg
Am.Sep2008;33(7):120810.
Reilly, R.M., P.J. Stern, C.A. Goldfarb. 2005.A Retrospective Review of the
Management of Dupuytrens Nodules.J Hand Surg Am.Sep;30(5):10148.
Srinivasan, R.C., A.S. Shah, P.J. Jebson.2010. New Treatment Options for
Dupuytrens Surgery: Collagenase and Percutaneous Aponeurotomy.J Hand
Surg Am.Agust;35(8):13624.
Stretanski M.2008. Dupuytrens Disease dalam D. Meloni dan J. Ryan.Frontera:
Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.Philadelphia:Saunders
Elsevier.
Thurston, A. 2003.Dupuytrens Disease or Coopers Contracture? Kenneth
Fitzpatrick Russell Memorial Lecture.ANZ J Surg.Jul;73(7):52935.
Trojian, T.H., S.M. Chu. 2007. Dupuytrens Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment.Am
Fam Physician.1 Jul;76(1):869.
Warren, R.F.1953. The Pathology of Dupuytrens Contracture.Br J Plast
Surg.Okt;6(3):22430.
Fibromyalgia
Arnold, L.M. dkk. 2004.Family Study of Fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. Mar;
50(3):94452.
Bigatti, S.M. dkk.2008. Sleep Disturbances in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Relationship

to Pain and Depression.Arthritis Rheum.15 Jul;59(7):9617.
Burckhardt, C.S.2006. Multidisciplinary Approaches for Management of
Fibromyalgia.Curr Pharm Des.12(1):5966.
Carville, S.F. dkk.2008. EULAR EvidenceBased Recommendations for the
Management of Fibromyalgia Syndrome.Ann Rheum Dis.Apr;67(4):536
41.
Clauw, D.J.Fibromyalgia: Update on Mechanisms and Management.J Clin Rheu
matol.Apr2007;13(2):1029.
Clauw, D.J.2008. Pharmacotherapy for Patients with Fibromyalgia.J Clin
Psychiatry. 69 Suppl 2:259.
Crofford, L.J.The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Stress Axis in Fibromyalgia and
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Z Rheumatol.1998;57 Suppl 2:6771.
Diatchenko, L., dkk. 2006.Idiopathic Pain DisordersPathways of Vulnerability.
Pain. Agust;123(3):22630.
Fassbender, K. dkk.1997. Tender Points, Depressive and Functional Symptoms:
Comparison Between Fibromyalgia and Major Depression.Clin
Rheumatol.Jan;16(1):769.
Giesecke, T., dkk.2005. The Relationship between Depression, Clinical Pain, and
Experimental Pain in A Chronic Pain Cohort.Arthritis Rheum.Mei;52(5):1577
84.
Glass, J.M.2008 Fibromyalgia and Cognition.J Clin Psychiatry.69 Suppl 2:204.
Goldenberg, D.L.2008. Multidisciplinary Modalities in the Treatment of
Fibromyalgia.J Clin Psychiatry.69 Suppl 2:304.
Goldenberg, D.L.2007. Pharmacological Treatment of Fibromyalgia and Other Chronic
Musculoskeletal Pain.Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol.Jun;21(3):499511.
Martinez-Lavin, M.2007. Biology and Therapy of Fibromyalgia. Stress, the Stress
Response System, and Fibromyalgia.Arthritis Res Ther. 9(4):216.
Rooks, D.S.2007. Fibromyalgia Treatment Update.Curr Opin
Rheumatol.Mar;19(2):1117.
Sarzi-Puttini, P., dkk.
2008.

Treatment Strategy in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Where
Are We Now?.Semin Arthritis Rheum.Jun;37(6):35365.
Staud, R., M. Spaeth.2008. Psychophysical and Neurochemical Abnormalities of
Pain Processing in Fibromyalgia.CNS Spectr.Mar;13(3 Suppl 5):127.
Referensi R-43
Treatment of Fibromyalgia and Its Symptoms.Expert Opin

Staud, R.
2007.
Pharmacother.
Agustus;8(11):162942.
Tanriverdi, F., dkk. 2007.The HypothalamoPituitaryAdrenal Axis in Chronic
Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia Syndrome.Stress.Mar;10(1):1325.
Thieme, K., H. Flor, D.C. Turk.2006. Psychological Pain Treatment in Fibromyalgia
Syndrome: Efficacy of Operant Behavioural and Cognitive Behavioural
Treatments.Arthritis Res Ther.8(4):R121.
Turk, D.C. dkk. 1996.Pain, Disability, and Physical Functioning in Subgroups of
Patients with Fibromyalgia.J Rheumatol.Jul;23(7):125562.
Van Houdenhove, B., dan P. Luyten. 2005.Beyond Dualism: The Role of Life Stress
in Chronic Pain. Pain. Jan;113(12):2389; Discussion 2402.
Wolfe, F., dkk. 1995. The Prevalence and Characteristics of Fibromyalgia in the
General Population.Arthritis Rheum.Jan;38(1):1928.
Wolfe, F., dkk.1990. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the
Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee.
Arthritis Rheum.Feb;33(2):16072.
Yunus, M.B. dkk.
1988.

Fibromyalgia Syndrome Among the Elderly. Comparison
with Younger Patients.J Am Geriatr Soc.Nov;36(11):98795.
Tendinitis
Baker, C.L. Jr., K.P. Murphy, C.A. Gottlob.2000. Arthroscopic Classification and
Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: Two Year Clinical Results.J Shoulder
Elbow Surg.NovDes;9(6):47582.
Biundo, J.J. Jr., R.C. Mipro Jr., P. Fahey.1997. SportsRelated and Other Soft-
Tissue Injuries, Tendinitis, Bursitis, and OccupationRelated Syndromes.Curr
Opin Rheumatol.Mar;9(2):1514.
Borkholder, C.D., V.A. Hill, dan E.E. Fess. 2004.The Efficacy of Splinting for
Lateral Epicondylitis: A Systematic Review.J Hand Ther.AprJun;17(2):181
99.
Bowen, R.E., F.J. Dorey, M.S. Shapiro.2001. Efficacy of Nonoperative Treatment
for Lateral Epicondylitis.Am J Orthop.Agustus;30(8):6426.
Bunata, R.E., D.S. Brown, R. Capelo.2007. Anatomic Factors Related to the Cause
of Tennis Elbow.J Bone Joint Surg Am.Sep;89(9):195563.
Epicondylitis in the Athlete.Clin Sports

Ciccotti M.G. dan W.P.Charlton.
2001.
Med.Jan;20(1):7793.
Coombes B.K., L. Bisset, B. Vicenzino.2010. Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroid
Injections and Other Injections for Management of Tendinopathy: A Systematic
Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.Lancet.Nov 20;376(9754):175167.
Crawford, J.O. dan E. Laiou.2007. Conservative Treatment of WorkRelated Upper
Limb Disorders: A Review.Occup Med (Lond).Jan;57(1):417.
Cyriax, J.H.1936. The Pathology and Treatment of Tennis Elbow.J Bone Joint
Surg. 18:92140.
De Smedt, T. dkk.2007. Lateral Epicondylitis in Tennis: Update on Aetiology,
Biomechanics and Treatment.Br J Sports Med.Nov;41(11):8169.
Faro, F. dan J.M. Wolf. 2007. Lateral Epicondylitis: Review and Current Concepts.J
Hand Surg[Am]. Okt;32(8):12719.
Garrick, J.G., dan D.R.Webb. 1990.Sports Injuries: Diagnosis and Management.P
hiladelphia:WB Saunders.
Gold, L. dan H. Igra.2003. LevofloxacinInduced Tendon Rupture: A Case Report and
Review of the Literature.J Am Board Fam Pract.Sepokt;16(5):45860.
Haake, M., dkk.
2002.
Extracorporeal

Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of
Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized Multicenter Trial.J Bone Joint Surg
Am.Nov;84A(11):198291.
Hales, T.R, dan B.P. Bernard.199. Epidemiology of WorkRelated Musculoskeletal
Disorders.Orthop Clin North Am.Okt:27(4):679709.
Jafarian, F.S., E.S. Demneh, dan S.F. Tyson.The Immediate Effect of Orthotic
Management on Grip Strength of Patients with Lateral Epicondylosis.J Orthop
Sports Phys Ther.Jun2009;39(6):4849.
Khaund, R, S.H.Flynn Iliotibial Band Syndrome: A Common Source of Knee
Pain.Am Fam Physician.15 Apr 2005;71(8):154550.
Mcloughlin, RF. dkk.Patellar Tendinitis: MR Imaging Features, with Suggested
Pathogenesis and Proposed Classification.Radiology.Des1995;197(3):8438.
Nirschl, R.P., dan F.A.Pettrone. Tennis Elbow. The

Surgical Treatment of Lateral
Epicondylitis.J Bone Joint Surg Am.Sep1979;61(6A):8329.
Nirschl, R.P.1995. Tennis Injuries. In: The Upper Extremity in Sports Medicine.
789803.
Referensi R-45
Sharma, P., N Maffulli.2005. Tendon Injury and Tendinopathy: Healing and

Repair.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 87-A:187202.
Sorosky, B., J. Press, C. Plastaras, J. Rittenberg.2004. The Practical Management
of Achilles Tendinopathy.Clin J Sport Med.Jan;14(1):404.
Tennis Elbow
Trudel, D. J. Duley, I. Zastrow.2004. Rehabilitation for Patients with Lateral
Epicondylitis: A Systematic Review.J Hand Ther.AprJun;17(2):24366.
Tytherleigh-Strong G., A. Hirahara, A. Miniaci.2001. Rotator Cuff Disease.Curr
Opin Rheumatol. Mar;13(2):13545.
Van Rijn, R.M., B.M. Huisstede, B.W. Koes, A. Burdorf. 2009.Associations
Between Work-Related Factors and Specific Disorders at the Elbow: A Systematic
Literature Review.Rheumatology (Oxford).Mei;48(5):52836.
Van Tulder, M., A. Malmivaara, B. Koes. 2007Repetitive Strain Injury.Lancet.Mei
26;369(9575):181522.
Wang, J.H., M.I. Iosifidis, F.H. Fu.
Biomechanical Basis for Tendinopathy.
2006.

Clin Orthop Relat Res.Feb;443:32032.
Wilson, J.J., T.M. Best.2005. Common Overuse Tendon Problems: A Review and
Recommendations for Treatment.Am Fam Physician.Sep 1;72(5):8118.
Trigger Finger
AlQattan, M.M.2007. Trigger Fingers Requiring Simultaneous Division
of the A1 Pulley and the Proximal Part of the A2 Pulley.J Hand Surg Eur
Vol.Okt;32(5):5213.
Bamroongshawgasame, T.2010. A Comparison of Open and Percutaneous Pulley
Release in Trigger Digits.J Med Assoc Thai.Feb;93(2):199204.
Trigger Finger in Children.J Hand
Cardon, L.J., M. Ezaki, P.R. Carter.
1999.
Surg[Am].Nov;24(6):115661.
Corticosteroid Injections for Trigger Finger.Am Fam
Chambers, R.G. Jr.
2009.
Physician.1 Sep80(5):454.
Drossos, K. dkk. 2009.Correlations Between Clinical Presentations of Adult Trigger
Digits and Histologic Aspects of the A1 Pulley.J Hand Surg Am.Okt;34(8):1429
35.
Fam, A.G.1997. Regional Pain Problems. Practical Rheumatology. Editor: J.H.

Klippel dan P.A. Dieppe. London, England:Mosby.
Freiberg, A., R.S. Mulholland, R. Levine.1989. Nonoperative Treatment of Trigger
Fingers and Thumbs.J Hand Surg (Am).Mei 14(3):5538.
Griggs, S.M. dkk.1995 Treatment of Trigger Finger in Patients with Diabetes
Mellitus.J Hand Surg[Am].Sep;20(5):7879.
Hoppenfeld, S. dan P. Deboer.1984. Surgical Exposures in Orthopaedics: The
Anatomic Approach.Philadelphia: JB Lippincott;
Hueston, J.T., W.F.Wilson. 1972. The Aetiology of Trigger Finger Explained on the
Basis of Intratendinous Architecture.Hand.Okt;4(3):25760.
Jianmongkol, S., W Kosuwon, T. Thammaroj. 2007.Intra-Tendon Sheath Injection
for Trigger Finger: The Randomized Controlled Trial.Hand Surg.12(2):7982.
Lapidus, P.W. dan F.P.Guidotti. 1972. Stenosing Tenovaginitis of the Wrist and
Fingers.Clin Orthop Relat Res.MarApr;83:8790.
Marks, M.R., dan S.F. 1989. Gunther.Efficacy of Cortisone Injection in Treatment
of Trigger Fingers and Thumbs.J Hand Surg[Am].Jul;14(4):7227.
Moriya K., T. Uchiyama, Y. Kawaji.Comparison of the Surgical Outcomes for
Trigger Finger and Trigger Thumb: Preliminary Results.Hand Surg.Juli
2005;10(1):836.
Murphy. D., dkk.1995. Steroid versus Placebo Injection for Trigger Finger.J Hand
Surg[Am].Jul;20(4):62831.
Rhoades, C.E., R.H. Gelberman, J.F. Manjarris. 1984Stenosing Tenosynovitis of
the Fingers and Thumb. Results of A Prospective Trial of Steroid Injection and
Splinting.Clin Orthop Relat Res.Nov;2368.
Sampson, S.P., dkk.Pathobiology of the Human A1 Pulley in Trigger Finger.J
Hand Surg[Am].Jul1991;16(4):71421.
Stahl, S., Y. Kanter, E. 1997. Karnielli.Outcome of Trigger Finger Treatment in
Diabetes.J Diabetes Complications. SepOkt;11(5):28790.
Will, R., dan J.Lubahn.
2010.
Complications of Open Trigger Finger Release.J
Hand Surg Am.Apr;35(4):5946.
Ankilosing Spondilitis
Ali, A., C.M.Samson. 2007. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies and the Eye.Curr
Opin Ophthalmol.Nov;18(6):47680.
Referensi R-47
Amor, B., M. Dougados, M. Mijiyawa.1990. Criteria of the Classification of Spon

dylarthropathies.Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic.Feb;57(2):859.
Andrews, B.S. dan N.J.1993. Lowe Therapy of Psoriatic Arthritis. Practical
Psoriasis Therapy.Edisi ke-2.St. Louis, Mo:Mosby-Year Book.
Braun, J., dkk.
1998.

Prevalence of Spondylarthropathies in HLAB27 Positive and
Negative Blood Donors.Arthritis Rheum.Jan;41(1):5867.
Braun, J., dkk.2006. First Update of the International ASAS Consensus Statement
For the Use of AntiTNF Agents in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis.Ann
Rheum Dis.Mar;65(3):31620.
Braun, J., dan T.Pincus. 2002. Mortality, Course of Disease and Prognosis of Patients
with Ankylosing Spondylitis.Clin Exp Rheumatol.NovDes;20(6 Suppl 28):
S1622.
Braun, J., dan J. Sieper.
2007.
Ankylosing Spondylitis.Lancet.Apr
21;369(9570):137990.
Brewerton, D.A., dkk.1973. Ankylosing Spondylitis and HLA 27.Lancet.Apr
28;1(7809):9047.
Brionez T.F., dan J.D. Reveille.2008. The Contribution of Genes Outside the Major
Histocompatibility Complex to Susceptibility to Ankylosing Spondylitis.Curr
Opin Rheumatol.Jul;20(4):38491.
Brown, M.A.2008. Breakthroughs in Genetic Studies of Ankylosing
Spondylitis.Rheumatology (Oxford).Feb;47(2):1327.
Bruce, I., dan D.D. 1998.Gladman Psoriatic Arthritis: Recognition and
Management.Biodrugs.9:271.
BurgosVargas, R. dan R.E. Petty.Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis.Rheum Dis
Clin North Am.Feb1992;18(1):12342.
Caffrey, M.F., dan D.C. James.1973.Human Lymphocyte Antigen Association in
Ankylosing Spondylitis.Nature.9 Mar;242(5393):121.
Calin, A. dkk.
Clinical History as A Screening Test for Ankylosing
Spondylitis.JAMA.Jun 131977;237(24):26134.
Cuellar, M.L., L.H. Silveira, L.R. Espinoza.1994. Recent Developments in Psoriatic
Arthritis.Curr Opin Rheumatol.Jul6(4):37884.
Dagfinrud, H., T.K. Kvien, dan K.B. Hagen.2008. Physiotherapy Interventions for
Ankylosing Spondylitis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.Jan 23;CD002822.
Dincer, U., E Cakar, MZ Kiralp, H Dursun. 2008. Diagnosis Delay in Patients with
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Possible Reasons and Proposals for New Diagnostic
Criteria.Clin Rheumatol.Apr;27(4):45762.
Eastmond, C.J.1994. Psoriatic Arthritis. Genetics and HLA Antigens.Baillieres
Clin Rheumatol.Mei;8(2):26376.
Gladman, D.D. 1999. Farewell VT.Progression in Psoriatic Arthritis: Role of Time
Varying Clinical Indicators.J Rheumatol.Nov;26(11):240913.
Goodfield M.Skin Lesions in Psoriasis.Baillieres Clin Rheumatol.Mei 1994;8(2):295
316.
Gorman, J.D., K.E. Sack, J.C. Davis Jr. 2002.Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by
Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha.N Engl J Med.2 Mei;346(18):1349
56.
Gran, J.T., dan G.Husby.1993. The Epidemiology of Ankylosing Spondylitis.Semin
Arthritis Rheum.22 Apr (5):31934.
Griffiths, C.E.1997. Therapy For Psoriatic Arthritis: Sometimes A Conflict For
Psoriasis.Br J Rheumatol.Apr;36(4):40910.
Jaakkola, E, dkk.2006. Finnish HLA Studies Confirm the Increased Risk
Conferred by HLAB27 Homozygosity in Ankylosing Spondylitis.Ann Rheum
Dis.Jun;65(6):77580.
Martin, T.M., J.R. Smith, J.T. Rosenbaum. 2002. Anterior Uveitis: Current Concepts
of Pathogenesis and Interactions with the Spondyloarthropathies.Curr Opin
Rheumatol.Jul;14(4):33741.
Mcgonagle D., W. Gibbon, P. Emery.1998. Classification of Inflammatory Arthritis
by Enthesitis.Lancet.okt 3;352(9134):113740.
Mease P, B.S. Goffe.2005. Diagnosis and Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis.J Am Acad
Dermatol.Jan;52(1):119.
Psoriatic Arthritis
Rahman P, dkk, 2008. Association of Interleukin23 Receptor Variants With
Ankylosing Spondylitis.Arthritis Rheum.Apr;58(4):10205.
Reich, K., K. Kruger, R. Mossner, M. Augustin.Epidemiology and Clinical Pattern of
Psoriatic Arthritis in Germany: A Prospective Interdisciplinary Epidemiological
Referensi R-49
Study of 1511 Patients with PlaqueType Psoriasis.Br J Dermatol.Mei

2009;160(5):10407.
Reveille, J.D., F.C.Arnett. 2005. Spondyloarthritis: Update on Pathogenesis and
Management.Am J Med.Jun;118(6):592603.
Reveille, J.D., E.J. Ball, A. Khan.
HLAB27 and Genetic Predisposing Factors in
Spondyloarthropathies.Curr Opin Rheumatol.Jul2001;13(4):26572.
Reveille, J.D.2006. The Genetic Basis of Ankylosing Spondylitis.Curr Opin
Rheumatol.Jul;18(4):33241.
Rezaian, M.M. dan L.H. Brent.2001. Undifferentiated Spondyloarthropathy: Seven
Year Follow Up Study of 357 Patients.Arthritis Rheum.44:S93.
Rozenblit, M. dan M.Lebwohl. 2009. New Biologics for Psoriasis and Psoriatic
Arthritis.Dermatol Ther.JanFeb;22(1):5660.
Ruddy, S., E.D. Harris Jr, C.B. Sledge (Eds).2000. Kelleys Textbook of
Rheumatology.Edisi ke-6.Philadelphia, Pa:WB Saunders.
Rudwaleit, M. dkk.2006. Inflammatory Back Pain in Ankylosing Spondylitis:
a Reassessment of the Clinical History for Application as Classification and
Diagnostic Criteria.Arthritis Rheum.Feb;54(2):56978.
SampaioBarros, P.D. dkk.2001. Undifferentiated Spondyloarthropathies: a 2 Year
Follow Up Study.Clin Rheumatol.20(3):2016.
Scarpa, R., dkk.
2008.

The Effectiveness of a Traditional Therapeutical Approach
in Early Psoriatic Arthritis: Results of a Pilot Randomised 6Month Trial with
Methotrexate.Clin Rheumatol.Jul; 27(7):8236.
Referensi Bab
7
Rakitis
Casey, C.F. dkk.Vitamin D Supplementation in Infants, Children, and Adolescents.Am
Fam Physician.15 Mar 2010;81(6):745-8.
Chapman, T. dkk.Fractures in Infants and Toddlers with Rickets.Pediatr Radiol.9 Des
2009.
Feldman D. dkk.1997. Vitamin D. San Diego:Academic Press.
Greer, F.R.Issues in Establishing Vitamin D Recommendations for Infants and
Children.Am J Clin Nutr.Des2004;80(6 Suppl):1759S-62S.
McKay, C.P. dan Portale A.Emerging Topics in Pediatric Bone and Mineral Disorders
2008.Semin Nephrol.Jul2009;29(4):370-8.
Price, D.I. dkk. Hypocalcemic Rickets: an Unusual Cause of Dilated
Cardiomyopathy.Pediatr Cardiol.Sep-Okt2003;24(5):510-2.
Shah, B.R. dan Finberg L.Single-day Therapy for Nutritional Vitamin D-Deficiency
Rickets: a Preferred Method.J Pediatr.Sep1994;125(3):487-90.
Wagner, C.L. dan Greer F.R.Prevention of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants,
Children, and Adolescents.Pediatrics.Nov2008;122(5):1142-52.
Zmora, E. dkk.Multiple Nutritional Deficiencies in Infants from a Strict Vegetarian
Community.Am J Dis Child.Feb1979;133(2):141-4.
Osteomalasia
Bhambri, R. dkk.Changes in Bone Mineral Density Following Treatment of
Osteomalacia.J Clin Densitom.JanMar2006;9(1):120-7.
Hruska, K.A. dkk.Renal Osteodystrophy, Phosphate Homeostasis, and Vascular
Calcification.Semin Dial.JulAg2007;20(4):309-15.
Mankin, H.J.Rickets, Osteomalacia, and Renal Osteodystrophy. An update.Orthop Clin
North Am.Jan1990;21(1):81-96.
Mankin, H.J.Rickets, Osteomalacia, and Renal Osteodystrophy: Part I.J Bone Joint
Surg[Am].1974;56:101-28.
R-51
Mankin, H.J. dan Mankin C.J.Metabolic Bone Disease: An Update.Instr Course

Lect.2003;52:769-84.
Murphey, M.D. dkk.Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Chronic Renal Insufficiency.
Radiographics.Mar1993;13(2):357-79.
Pitt, M.J.Rickets and Osteomalacia Are Still Around.Radiol Clin North
Am.Jan1991;29(1):97-118.
Pugh, D.G.Subperiosteal Resorption of Bone; A Roentgenologic Manifestation
of Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Renal Osteodystrophy.AJR Am J
Roentgenol.1951;66:577-86.
Reginato, A.J. dkk.Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Osteomalacia: Report of 26 Cases
and Literature Review.Semin Arthritis Rheum.Apr1999;28(5):287-304.
Schwarz, C. dkk.Diagnosis of Renal Osteodystrophy.Eur J Clin Invest.Agust2006;36
Suppl 2:13-22.
Steinbach, H.L. dkk.A Mechanism of the Production of Pseudofractures in Osteomalacia
(Milkmans Syndrome).Radiology.1954;62:388-94.
Steinbach, H.L. dan Noetzli M.Roentgen Appearance of the Skeleton in Osteomalacia
and Rickets.AJR Am J Roentgenol.1964;91:955.
Osteoporosis
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Fracture Prevention Treatments for
Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis.AHRQ: Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality. http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/healthInfo.cfm?infotype=s
g&DocID=95&ProcessID=8, 30 Januari 2009.
Chon, K.S. dkk.Alcoholism-Associated Spinal and Femoral Bone Loss in Abstinent
Male Alcoholics, as Measured by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry.Skeletal
Radiol.1992;21(7):431-6.
Czerwiski E. dkk.Current Understanding of Osteoporosis According to the Position
of The World Health Organization (WHO) and International Osteoporosis
Foundation.Ortop Traumatol Rehabil.JulAgust2007;9(4):337-56. Review.
Iwamoto, J. dkk.Effect of Exercise Training and Detraining on Bone Mineral Density in
Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis.J Orthop Sci.2001;6(2):128-32.
Kanis, J.A.Assessment of Fracture Risk and Its Application to Screening for
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Synopsis of A WHO Report. WHO Study
Group.Osteoporos Int.Nov1994;4(6):368-81.
Kanis, J.A. dkk.A Reference Standard for the Description of Osteoporosis.Bone.Mar
2008;42(3):467-75. Epub 2007 Nov 17.
Lau, E.M. dan Cooper C.The Epidemiology of Osteoporosis. The Oriental Perspective
in A World Context.Clin Orthop.Feb1996;(323):65-74.
Lin, J.T. dan Lane J.M.Nonmedical Management of Osteoporosis.Curr Opin Rheum
atol.Jul2002;14(4):441-6.
Referensi R-53
Lynn, S.G. dkk.Balance Characteristics of Persons with Osteoporosis.Arch Phys Med

Rehabil.Mar1997;78(3):273-7.
Osteoporos Int.Who Are Candidates for Prevention and Treatment for
Osteoporosis?.Osteoporos Int.1997;7(1):1-6.
Schwab P. dan Klein R.F.Nonpharmacological Approaches to Improve Bone Health and
Reduce Osteoporosis.Curr Opin Rheumatol.Mar2008;20(2):213-217.
Silverman, S.L.Selecting Patients for Osteoporosis Therapy.Ann N Y Acad
Sci.Nov2007;1117:264-72.
Sinaki, M. dkk.Correlation of Back Extensor Strength with Thoracic Kyphosis and
Lumbar Lordosis in Estrogen-Deficient Women.Am J Phys Med Rehabil.Sep-
Okt1996;75(5):370-4.
Snow, C.M. dkk.Long-Term Exercise Using Weighted Vests Prevents Hip Bone Loss in
Postmenopausal Women.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.Sep2000;55(9):M489-91.
Wolf S.L. dkk.Reducing Frailty and Falls in Older Persons: an Investigation of
Tai Chi and Computerized Balance Training. Atlanta FICSIT Group. Frailty
and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques.J Am Geriatr
Soc.Mei1996;44(5):489-97.
Penyakit Paget
Alexandersen P. dkk.Non-Isomerized C-Telopeptide Fragments are Highly Sensitive
Markers for Monitoring Disease Activity and Treatment Efficacy in Pagets Disease
of Bone.J Bone Miner Res.Apr2005;20(4):588-95.
Alvarez, L. dkk.Discriminative Value of Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in
Assessing the Activity of Pagets Disease.J Bone Miner Res.Mar1995;10(3):458-
65.
Ankrom, M.A. dan Shapiro J.R.Pagets Disease of Bone (osteitis deformans).J Am
Geriatr Soc.Agust1998;46(8):1025-33.
Delmas, P.D. dan Meunier P.J.The Management of Pagets Disease of Bone.N Engl J
Med.20 Feb1997;336(8):558-66.
Hadjipavlou, A.G. dkk.Pagets Disease of the Spine and Its Management.Eur Spine
J.Okt2001;10(5):370-84.
Harrington, K.D.Surgical Management of Neoplastic Complications of Pagets
Disease.J Bone Miner Res.Okt1999;14 Suppl 2:45-8.
Holgado, S. dkk.Pagets Disease of Bone in Early Adult Life.Ann Rheum
Dis.Feb2005;64(2):306-8.
Hughes, A.E. dkk.Genetic Linkage of Familial Expansile Osteolysis to Chromosome
18q.Hum Mol Genet.Feb1994;3(2):359-61.
Kaplan, F.S. Surgical Management of Pagets Disease.J Bone Miner Res.Okt1999;14
Suppl 2:34-8.
Kaplan, F.S. dan Singer F.R.Pagets Disease of Bone: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and
Management.J Am Acad Orthop Surg.Nov1995;3(6):336-344.
Leach, R.J. dkk.Variable Disease Severity Associated with A Pagets Disease Predisposition
Gene.J Bone Miner Res.Okt1999;14 Suppl 2:17-20.
Leach, R.J. dkk.The Genetics of Pagets Disease of the Bone.J Clin Endocrinol
Metab.Jan2001;86(1):24-8.
Menaa, C. dkk.1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Hypersensitivity of Osteoclast Precursors
from Patients with Pagets Disease.J Bone Miner Res.Feb2000;15(2):228-36.
Neale, S.D. dkk.The Influence of Serum Cytokines and Growth Factors on Osteoclast
Formation in Pagets Disease.QJM.Apr2002;95(4):233-40.
Noor, M. dan Shoback D.Pagets Disease of Bone: Diagnosis and Treatment Update.Curr
Rheumatol Rep.Feb2000;2(1):67-73.
Ooi, C.G. dan Fraser W.D.Pagets Disease of Bone.Postgrad Med J.Feb1997;73(856):69-
74.
Reddy, S.V. dkk.Pagets Disease of Bone: A Disease of the Osteoclast.Rev Endocr Metab
Disord.Apr2001;2(2):195-201.
Schneider, D. dkk.Diagnosis and Treatment of Pagets Disease of Bone.Am Fam
Physician.15 Mei 2002;65(10):2069-72.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Balavoine, A.S. dkk.Hypothyroidism in Patients with Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type
Ia: Clinical Evidence of Resistance to TSH and TRH.Eur J Endocrinol.Okt200
8;159(4):431-7.
Bastepe, M.The GNAS Locus and Pseudohypoparathyroidism.Adv Exp Med
Biol.2008;626:27-40.
Freson, K. dkk.GNAS Defects Identified by Stimulatory G Protein Alpha-Subunit
Signalling Studies in Platelets.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.Des2008;93(12):4851-9.
Jan de Beur, S.M. dkk.Pseudohypoparathyroidism 1b: Exclusion of Parathyroid Hormone
and Its Receptors as Candidate Disease Genes.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.Jun2000
;85(6):2239-46.
Juppner, H. dkk.The Gene Responsible for Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib
is Paternally Imprinted and Maps in Four Unrelated Kindreds to Chromosome
20q13.3.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.29 Sep1998;95(20):11798-803.
Long, D.N. dkk.Body Mass Index Differences in Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1a
Versus Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism May Implicate Paternal Imprinting of
Galpha(s) in the Development of Human Obesity.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.Mar
2007;92(3):1073-9.
Mahmud, F.H. dkk.Molecular Diagnosis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib in A
Family with Presumed Paroxysmal Dyskinesia.Pediatrics.Feb2005;115(2):e242-4.
Referensi R-55
Mantovani, G. dkk.Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Resistance in

Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1a: New Evidence for Imprinting of the Gs Alpha
Gene.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.Sep2003;88(9):4070-4.
Murray, T.M. dkk.Pseudohypoparathyroidism with Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica: Direct
Demonstration of Skeletal Responsiveness to Parathyroid Hormone in Cells Cultured
from Bone.J Bone Miner Res.Jan1993;8(1):83-91.
Nakamura Y. dkk.Prevalence of Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism and
Pseudohypoparathyroidism in Japan.J Epidemiol.Jan2000;10(1):29-33.
Root, A.W. dkk.1996. Parathyroid and Vitamin D-Related Disorders in Children and
Adolescents. Pediatric Endocrinology.Philadelphia, Pa:WB Saunders Company.
Shalitin, S. dkk.Clinical Heterogeneity of pseudohypoparathyroidism: from Hyper-to
Hypocalcemia.Horm Res.2008;70(3):137-44.
Vlaeminck-Guillem, V. dkk.Pseudohypoparathyroidism Ia and Hypercalcitoninemia.J
Clin Endocrinol Metab.Jul2001;86(7):3091-6.
Wagar, G. dkk.Pseudohypoparathyroidism Associated with Hypercalcitoninaemia.Acta
Endocrinol (Copenh).Jan1980;93(1):43-8.
Yamamoto, Y. dkk.Spinal Cord Compression by Heterotopic Ossification Associated
with Pseudohypoparathyroidism.J Int Med Res.NovDes1997;25(6):364-8.
Hiperparatiroidisme
Ahmad, R. dan Hammond J.M.Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
Hyperparathyroidism.Otolaryngol Clin North Am.Agust2004;37(4):701-13, vii-viii.
Baumann, D.S. dan Wells S.A.Jr.Parathyroid Autotransplantation.Surgery.Feb1993;
113(2):130-3.
Bilezikian, J.P. dan Silverberg, S.J.Clinical Practice. Asymptomatic Primary
Hyperparathyroidism.N Engl J Med.22Apr 2004;350(17):1746-51.
Bilezikian, J.P. dkk.Primary Hyperparathyroidism: New Concepts in Clinical,
Densitometric and Biochemical Features.J Intern Med.Jan2005;257(1):6-17.
Boggs, J.E. dkk.Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring as an Adjunct to
Parathyroidectomy.Surgery.Des1996;120(6):954-8.
Brown, E.M.The Pathophysiology of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.J Bone Miner
Res.Nov2002;17 Suppl 2:N24-9.
Burney, R.E. dkk.Surgical Correction of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Improves Quality
of Life.Surgery.Des1998;124(6):987-91; discussion 991-2.
Farford, B. dkk.Nonsurgical Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.Mayo Clin
Proc.Mar2007;82(3):351-5.
Felsenfeld, A.J.Considerations for the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in
Renal Failure.J Am Soc Nephrol.Jun1997;8(6):993-1004.
Greene, A.B. dkk.National Trends in Parathyroid Surgery from 1998 to 2008: A Decade
of Change.J Am Coll Surg.Sep2009;209(3):332-43.
Moley, J.F. dkk.Hereditary Endocrinopathies.Curr Probl Surg.Sep1999;36(9):653-

762.
National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Panel.NIH Conference.
Diagnosis and Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism:
Consensus Development Conference Statement.Ann Intern Med.1 Apr
1991;114(7):593-7.
Silverberg, S.J. dan Bilezikian J.P.The Diagnosis and Management of Asymptomatic
Primary Hyperparathyroidism.Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab.Sep2006;2(9):494-
503.
Silverberg, S.J. dkk.Therapeutic Controversies in Primary Hyperparathyroidism.J Clin
Endocrinol Metab.Jul1999;84(7):2275-85.
Wells, S.A.Jr. dkk.Transplantation of the Parathyroid Glands in Man: Clinical Indications
and Results.Surgery.Jul1975;78(1):34-44.
Avascular Necrosis
Aldridge, J.M.3rd. dan Urbaniak J.R.Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head: Etiology,
Pathophysiology, Classification, and Current Treatment Guidelines.Am J Orthop.Ju
l2004;33(7):327-32.
Aldridge, J.M.3rd. dan Urbaniak J.R.Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head: Role of
Vascularized Bone grafts.Orthop Clin North Am.Jan2007;38(1):13-22,v.
Allen, M.R. dan Burr D.B.The Pathogenesis of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of
The Jaw: So Many Hypotheses, so Few Data.J Oral Maxillofac Surg.Mei2009;67(5
Suppl):61-70.
Boettcher, W.G. dkk.Non-Traumatic Necrosis of The Femoral Head. I. Relation of
Altered Hemostasis to Etiology.J Bone Joint Surg Am.Mar1970;52(2):312-21.
Calandriello, B. dan Grassi G.Idiopathic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Epidemiological
and Aetiological Factors.Ital J Orthop Traumatol.1982;8 (Suppl):9-18.
Dudkiewicz, I. dkk.Total Hip Arthroplasty After Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head:
Does Etiology Affect the Results?.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.Mar2004;124(2):82-5.
Goker, B. dan Block J.A.Risk of Contralateral Avascular Necrosis (AVN) After Total Hip
Arthroplasty (THA) for Non-Traumatic AVN.Rheumatol Int.Jan2006;26(3):215-9.
Imhof, H. dkk.Imaging of Avascular Necrosis of Bone.Eur Radiol.1997;7(2):180-6.
Ito, H. dkk.Prognosis of Early Stage Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head.Clin
Orthop Relat Res.Jan1999;149-57.
Kawai, K. dkk.Steroid-Induced Accumulation of Lipid in the Osteocytes of the Rabbit
Femoral Head. A Histochemical and Electron Microscopic Study.J Bone Joint Surg
Am.Jun1985;67(5):755-63.
Lawson-Ayayi, S. dkk.Avascular Necrosis in HIV-Infected Patients: A Case-Control
Study from The Aquitaine Cohort, 19972002, France.Clin Infect Dis.15 Apr
2005;40(8):1188-93.
Referensi R-57
Mankin, H.J.Nontraumatic Necrosis of Bone (Osteonecrosis).N Engl J Med.28 Mei

1992;326(22):1473-9.
Pilmore, H. dkk.Acute Bone Pain Following Renal Transplantation: Differentiation Between
Benign Bone Edema and Avascular Necrosis.Am J Nephrol.1998;18(1):57-60.
Pritchett, J.W.Statin Therapy Decreases the Risk of Osteonecrosis in Patients Receiving
Steroids.Clin Orthop.Mei2001;(386):173-8.
Sugano, N. dkk.Rotational Osteotomy for Non-Traumatic Avascular Necrosis of the
Femoral Head.J Bone Joint Surg Br.Sep1992;74(5):734-9.
Urbaniak, J.R. dkk.Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head with Free
Vascularized Fibular Grafting. A Long-Term Follow-Up Study of One Hundred
and Three Hips.J Bone Joint Surg Am.Mei1995;77(5):681-94.
Van Laere, C. dkk.Core Decompression for Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head.Acta
Orthop Belg.Sep1998;64(3):269-72.
Wang, G.J. dkk.Steroid-Induced Femoral Head Pressure Changes and Their Response
to Lipid-Clearing Agents.Clin Orthop Relat Res.Apr1983;298-302.
Woo, S.B. dkk.Narrative [corrected] Review: Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the
Jaws.Ann Intern Med.16 Mei 2006;144(10):753-61.
Zizic, T.M. dkk.Corticosteroid Therapy Associated with Ischemic Necrosis of Bone in
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Am J Med.Nov1985;79(5):596-604.
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
Angel-Moreno, Maroto A. dkk.Painful Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Successfully
Treated with Octreotide. The Pathogenetic Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth
Factor (VEGF).Rheumatology (Oxford).Okt2005;44(10):1326-7.
Atkinson, S. dan Fox S.B.Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A and Platelet-
Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) Play a Central Role in the Pathogenesis of Digital
Clubbing.J Pathol.Jun2004;203(2):721-8.
Bigler, F.C.The Morphology of Clubbing.Am J Pathol.MarApr1958;34(2):237-61.
Branwood, A.W.Clubbing of the Fingers.Edinburgh Med J.Mar1949;56(3):105-20.
Cameron, B.J. dkk.Idiopathic Periosteal Hyperostosis with Dysproteinemia (Goldblooms
Syndrome): Case Report and Review of the Literature.Arthritis Rheum.Nov1987;
30(11):1307-12.
Hashmi, S. dan Kaplan D.Asymmetric Clubbing as a Manifestation of Sarcoid Bone
Disease.Am J Med.Okt1992;93(4):471.
Martinez-Lavin, M. dkk.Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy: Consensus on Its Definition,
Classification, Assessment and Diagnostic Criteria.J Rheumatol.Agust1993;20(8):
1386-7.
Martinez-Lavin, M. dkk.Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy.Semin Arthritis
Rheum.Feb1988;17(3):156-62.
Martinez-Lavin, M.Digital Clubbing and Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy: A Unifying

Hypothesis.J Rheumatol.Feb1987;14(1):6-8.
Pichler, G. dkk.Arthralgia and Digital Clubbing in a Child: Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
with Inflammatory Pseudotumour of the Lung.Scand J Rheumatol.2004;33(3):189-
91.
Pineda, C.J. dkk.The Skeletal Manifestations of Clubbing: A Study in Patients with
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease and Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy.Semin
Arthritis Rheum.Mei1985;14(4):263-73.
Reginato, A.J. dkk.Familial Idiopathic Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy and Cranial
Suture Defects in Children.Skeletal Radiol.1982;8(2):105-9.
Rothschild, B.M. dan Rothschild C.Recognition of Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy in
Skeletal Remains.J Rheumatol.Nov1998;25(11):2221-7.
Seaton, D.R.Familial Clubbing of Fingers and Toes.Br Med J.1938;1:614.
Seggewiss R. dkk.A Family with A Variant Form of Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
Restricted to the Lower Extremities.Joint Bone Spine.Jun2003;70(3):230-3.
Sridhar, K.S. dkk.Digital Clubbing and Lung Cancer.Chest.Des1998;114(6):1535-7.
Vazquez-Abad, D. dkk.Digital Clubbing: A Numerical Assessment of the Deformity.J
Rheumatol.Apr1989;16(4):518-20.
Vidal, A.F. dkk.Structural and Immunologic Changes of Synovium of Hypertrophic
Osteoarthropathy.Arthritis Rheum.1977;20:139.
Artritis gout
Akahoshi, T. dkk.Recent Advances in Crystal-Induced Acute Inflammation.Curr Opin
Rheumatol.Mar2007;19(2):146-50.
Choi, H.K. dan Curhan G.Soft Drinks, Fructose Consumption, and the Risk of Gout
in Men: Prospective Cohort Study.BMJ.9 Feb 2008;336(7639):309-12.
Choi, H.K. dkk.Alcohol Intake and Risk of Incident Gout in Men: A Prospective
Study.Lancet.17 Apr 2004;363(9417):1277-81.
Fam, A.G. dkk.Efficacy and Safety of Desensitization to Allopurinol Following
Cutaneous Reactions.Arthritis Rheum.Jan2001;44(1):231-8.
Feig, D.I. dan Johnson R.J.The Role of Uric Acid in Pediatric Hypertension.J Ren
Nutr.Jan/2007;17(1):79-83.
Huang, H.Y. dkk.The Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation on Serum Concentrations
of Uric Acid: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Arthritis Rheum.Jun
2005;52(6):1843-7.
Liot, F. dan Ea H.K.Recent Developments in Crystal-Induced Inflammation
Pathogenesis and Management.Curr Rheumatol Rep.Jun2007;9(3):243-50.
Puig, J.G. dkk.Female Gout. Clinical Spectrum and Uric Acid Metabolism.Arch Intern
Med.Apr1991;151(4):726-32.
Referensi R-59
Terkeltaub, R.A. dkk.Apolipoprotein (apo) E Inhibits the Capacity of Monosodium

Urate Crystals to Stimulate Neutrophils. Characterization of Intraarticular Apo E
and Demonstration of Apo E Binding to Urate Crystals in Vivo.J Clin Invest.Jan
1991;87(1):20-6.
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Takes Action to Stop the Marketing of
Unapproved Injectable Drugs Containing Colchicine. www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/
news/2008/new01791.html,30 September 2008.
Vzquez-Mellado, J. dkk.Relation between Adverse Events Associated with Allopurinol and
Renal Function in Patients with Gout.Ann Rheum Dis.Okt2001;60(10):981-3.
Wallace, S.L. dkk.Renal Function Predicts Colchicine Toxicity: Guidelines for the
Prophylactic Use of Colchicine in Gout.J Rheumatol.Feb1991;18(2):264-9.
Yu, T.The Efficacy of Colchicine Prophylaxis in Articular Gout--A Reappraisal after 20
Years.Semin Arthritis Rheum.Nov1982;12(2):256-64.
Zhang, W. dkk.EULAR Evidence Based Recommendations for Gout. Part II:
Management. Report of A Task Force of The EULAR Standing Committee for
International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT).Ann Rheum
Dis.Okt2006;65(10):1312-24.
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease

Beutler, A. dkk.Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition in Synovium.
Relationship to Collagen Fibers and Chondrometaplasia.Arthritis Rheum.Mei1
993;36(5):704-15.
Doherty, M. dkk.Familial Chondrocalcinosis due to Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate
Crystal Deposition in English Families.Br J Rheumatol.Feb1991;30(1):10-5.
Doherty, M.Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease and Other Crystal Deposition
Diseases.Curr Opin Rheumatol.Okt1990;2(5):789-96.
Ea, H.K. dan Liote F.Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate and Basic Calcium Phosphate
Crystal-Induced Arthropathies: Update on Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, and
Therapy.Curr Rheumatol Rep.Jun2004;6(3):221-7.
Pritzker, K.P. dkk.Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition in Hyaline
Cartilage. Ultrastructural Analysis and Implications for Pathogenesis.J
Rheumatol.1988;15(5):828-35.
Pritzker, K.P.Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition and Other Crystal
Deposition Diseases.Curr Opin Rheumatol.Jul1994;6(4):442-7.
Rothschild, B.M. dan Woods R.J.Osteoarthritis, Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition
Disease, and Osseous infection in Old World Primates.Am J Phys Anthropol.Mar
1992;87(3):341-7.
Ryan, L.M. dkk.Pyrophosphohydrolase Activity and Inorganic Pyrophosphate Content
of Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts. Elevated Levels in Some Patients with Calcium
Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease.J Clin Invest.Mei1986;77(5):1689-93.
Ryan, L.M. dkk.Synovial Fluid ATP: A Potential Substrate for the Production of
Inorganic Pyrophosphate.J Rheumatol.Mei1991;18(5):716-20.
Saffar, P.Chondrocalcinosis of the Wrist.J Hand Surg[Br].Okt2004;29(5):486-93.
Zaka, R. dan Williams, C.J.Genetics of Chondrocalcinosis.Osteoarthritis Cartilage.Sep
2005;13(9):745-50.
Referensi Bab
8
Osteoartritis
Altman, R. dkk.Development of Criteria for the Classification and Reporting of
Osteoarthritis. Classification of Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Diagnostic and
Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the American Rheumatism Association.Arthritis
Rheum.Agust1986;29(8):1039-49.
Altman, R. dkk.The American College of Rheumatology Criteria for the Classification
and Reporting of Osteoarthritis of the Hand.Arthritis Rheum.Nov1990;33(11):
1601-10.
Altman, R. dkk.The American College of Rheumatology Criteria for the Classification
and Reporting of Osteoarthritis of the Hip.Arthritis Rheum.Mei1991;34(5):505-
14.
Altman, R.D. dan Dean D.Pain in Osteoarthritis. Introduction and Overview.Semin
Arthritis Rheum.Mei1989;18(4 Suppl 2):1-3.
Altman, R.D. dan Lozada C.J.Clinical Features of Osteoarthritis.. Editor: Hochberg,
Silman, Smolen, Weinblatt, and Weismann.Practical Rheumatology.2004:503-10.
Bernstein, J. dan Quach T.A Perspective on the Study of Moseley et al: Questioning
the Value of Arthroscopic Knee Surgery for Osteoarthritis.Cleve Clin J
Med.Mei2003;70(5):401, 405-6, 408-10.
Bradley, J.D. dkk.Comparison of An Antiinflammatory Dose of Ibuprofen, An
Analgesic Dose of Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen in the Treatment of Patients
with Osteoarthritis of the Knee.N Engl J Med.11 Jul 1991;325(2):87-91.
Buckwalter, J.A. dan Lohmander S.Operative Treatment of Osteoarthrosis. Current
Practice and Future Development.J Bone Joint Surg Am.Sep1994;76(9):1405-18.
Chaipinyo, K. dan Karoonsupcharoen O.No Difference between Home-Based Strength
Training and Home-Based Balance Training on Pain in Patients with Knee
Osteoarthritis: A Randomised Trial.Aust J Physiother.2009;55(1):25-30.
Felson, D.T. dkk.Weight Loss Reduces the Risk for Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
in Women. The Framingham Study.Ann Intern Med.1 Apr 1992;116(7):535-9.
Felson, D.T.Epidemiology of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis.Epidemiol
Rev.1988;10:1-28.
R-61
Hochberg, M.C. dkk.Guidelines for the Medical Management of Osteoarthritis. Part

I. Osteoarthritis of the Hip. American College of Rheumatology.Arthritis Rheum
.Nov1995;38(11):1535-40.
Pelletier, J.P. dkk.Etiopathogenesis of Osteoarthritis.In:Arthritis and Allied
Conditions.Edisi ke-13.1997:1969-84.
Zhang, W.dkk.OARSI Recommendations for the Management of Hip and
Knee Osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI Evidence-Based, Expert Consensus
Guidelines.Osteoarthritis Cartilage.Feb2008;16(2):137-62.
LBP
Philadelphia Panel Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines on Selected
Rehabilitation Interventions for Low Back Pain.Phys Ther.Okt2001;81(10):1641-
74.
Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Chronic Pain.WMJ.2004;103(3):13-
42.
Abdi, S. dkk.Epidural Steroids in the Management of Chronic Spinal Pain: A Systematic
Review.Pain Physician.Jan2007;10(1):185-212.
Adams, M.A. dkk.Effects of Backward Bending on Lumbar Intervertebral Discs.
Relevance to Physical Therapy Treatments for Low Back Pain.Spine.15 Feb
2000;25(4):431-7; discussion 438.
Atlas, S.J. dkk.Surgical and Nonsurgical Management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Four-
Year Outcomes from the Maine Lumbar Spine Study.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1 Mar
2000;25(5):556-62.
Bigos, S.J. dkk.Acute Low Back Problems in Adults. Clinical Practice Guideline, Quick
Reference Guide Number 14. Public Health Agency, Agency for Health Care Policy
and Research.Rockville, Md:.Department of Health and Human Services;1994.
Carmel, A. dkk. Assessment: Use of Epidural Steroid Injections to Treat Particular
Lumbosacral Pain.Neurology.2007;68:723-29.
Chen, S.M. dkk.Sedentary Lifestyle as A Risk Factor for Low Back Pain: a Systematic
Review.Int Arch Occup Environ Health.20Mar 2009.
Chou, R. dkk.Interventional Therapies, Surgery, and Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation for
Low Back Pain: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline from The American
Pain Society.Spine.1 Mei 2009;34(10):1066-77.
Cox, M.E. dkk.Relationship between Functional Evaluation Measures and Self-
Assessment in Nonacute Low Back Pain.Spine.15 Jul 2000;25(14):1817-26.
Datta, S. dkk.Systematic Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy and Therapeutic Utility
of Lumbar Facet Joint Interventions.Pain Physician.Mar-Apr2009;12(2):437-60.
Deyo, R.A. dkk.What Can the History and Physical Examination Tell Us about Low
Back Pain?.JAMA.12 Agust 1992;268(6):760-5.
Referensi R-63
Furlan, A.D. dkk.Massage for Low Back Pain.Cochrane Database Syst

Rev.2000;CD001929.
Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement.Adult Low Back Pain.Bloomington, Minn:
Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement.Sept 2005.
Juni, P. dkk.A Randomised Controlled Trial of Spinal Manipulative Therapy in Acute
Low Back Pain.Ann Rheum Dis.Sep2009;68(9):1420-7.
Manchikanti, L. dkk.Evidence-Based Guidelines for Interventional Techniques in the
Management of Chronic Spinal Pain.Pain Physician.2003;6:3-81.
Mathews, J.A. dkk.Back Pain and Sciatica: Controlled Trials of Manipulation, Traction,
Sclerosant and Epidural Injections.Br J Rheumatol.Des1987;26(6):416-23.
McQuay, H.J. dan Moore R.A.1998. Epidural Corticosteroids for Sciatica. An Evidence-
Based Resource for Pain Relief.New York:Oxford University Press.
Nash, T.P.Facet Joints. Intra-Articular Steroids or Nerve Blocks?.Pain Clinic.3:77-
82.
National Guideline Clearinghouse.Listing of Guidelines for Low Back Pain. http://
www.guidelines.gov, 29 Des 2005.
Pustaver, M.R.Mechanical Low Back Pain: Etiology and Conservative Management.J
Manipulative Physiol Ther.Jul-Agust1994;17(6):376-84.
Sertpoyraz, F. dkk.Comparison of Isokinetic Exercise versus Standard Exercise Training
in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: a Randomized Controlled Study.Clin
Rehabil.Mar2009;23(3):238-47.
Tosteson, A.N. dkk.The Cost Effectiveness of Surgical versus Nonoperative Treatment for
Lumbar Disc Herniation over Two Years: Evidence from the Spine Patient Outcomes
Research Trial (SPORT).Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1 Sep 2008;33(19):2108-1.
US Food and Drug Administration.FDA News Release. FDA Clears Cymbalta to Treat
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain, 5 November 2010.
Van Middelkoop, M. dkk.Exercise Therapy for Chronic Nonspecific Low-back Pain.Best
Pract Res Clin Rheumatol.Apr2010;24(2):193-204.
Veresciagina, K. dkk.The Measurements of Health-Related Quality-of-Life and
Pain Assessment in the Preoperative Patients with Low Back Pain.Medicina
(Kaunas).2009;45(2):111-22.
Vroomen, P.C. dkk.Conservative Treatment of Sciatica: A Systematic Review.J Spinal
Disord.Des2000;13(6):463-9.
Waddell, G. dkk.Nonorganic Physical Signs in Low-back pain.Spine.Mar-
Apr1980;5(2):117-25.
Wheeler, A.H. dan Hanley E.N.Jr.Nonoperative Treatment for Low Back Pain. Rest to
Restoration.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1 Feb 1995;20(3):375-8.
Wheeler, A.H.Diagnosis and Management of Low Back Pain and Sciatica.Am Fam
Physician.Okt1995;52(5):1333-41, 1347-8.
HNP
Battie, M.C. dkk.Lumbar Disc Degeneration: Epidemiology and Genetic
Influences.Spine.1 Des 2004;29(23):2679-90.
Boos, N. dkk.Classification of Age-Related Changes in Lumbar Intervertebral discs:
2002 Volvo Award in Basic Science.Spine.1 Des 2002;27(23):2631-44.
Deyo, R.A.Conservative Therapy for Low Back pain. Distinguishing Useful from Useless
Therapy.JAMA.26 Agust 1983;250(8):1057-62.
Friedenberg, Z.B.The Results of Nonoperative Treatment of Ruptured Lumbar
Disks.Surg Clin North Am.Des1953;33(6):1545-9.
NN.Risk Factors for Back Trouble.Lancet.10 Jun 1989;1(8650):1305-6.
Olmarker, K. dkk.Inflammatogenic Properties of Nucleus Pulposus.Spine.15Mar
1995;20(6):665-9.
Roberts, S. dkk.Histology and Pathology of the Human Intervertebral Disc.J Bone Joint
Surg Am.Apr2006;88 (suppl 2):10-4.
Urban, J.P. dan McMullin J.F.Swelling Pressure of the Lumbar Intervertebral Discs:
Influence of Age, Spinal Level, Composition, and Degeneration.Spine.Feb1988;
13(2):179-87.
Weinstein, J.N. dkk.Surgical vs Nonoperative Treatment for Lumbar Disk Herniation: The
Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) Observational Cohort.JAMA.22
Nov 2006;296(20):2451-9.
White, A.A. dan Panjabi M.M. (eds).1978. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine.Philadelphia,
Pa: JB Lippincott Company.
Yang, K.H. dan King AI.Mechanism of Facet Load Transmission as A Hypothesis for
Low-Back Pain.Spine.Sep1984;9(6):557-65.
Zhang, Y. dkk.Advances in Susceptibility Genetics of Intervertebral Degenerative Disc
Disease.Int J Biol Sci.2 Sep 2008;4(5):283-90.
Spinal Stenosis
Engelhorn, T. dkk.Myelography Using Flat Panel Volumetric Computed Tomography:
A Comparative Study in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.Spine.15 Agust
2007;32(18):E523-7.
Feffer, H.L. dkk.Degenerative Spondylolisthesis. To Fuse or Not To Fuse.Spine.Apr
1985;10(3):287-9.
Greenberg, M.S.1997. Spinal Stenosis. Handbook of Neurosurgery. Vol 1.Lakeland, Fla:
Greenburg Graphics, Inc;:207-217.
Johnsson, K.E. dkk.The Effect of Decompression on the Natural Course of Spinal
Stenosis. A Comparison of Surgically Treated and Untreated Patients.Spine.Ju
n1991;16(6):615-9.
Referensi R-65
Kalichman, L. dkk.Spinal Stenosis Prevalence and Association with Symptoms: The

Framingham Study.Spine J.Jul2009;9(7):545-50.
Lohman, C.M. dkk.Comparison of Radiologic Signs and Clinical Symptoms of Spinal
Stenosis.Spine.15 Jul 2006;31(16):1834-40.
Nasca, R.J.Rationale for Spinal Fusion in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.Spine.Apr1989;14(4)
:451-4.
Nasca, R.J.Surgical Management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.Spine.Okt1987;12(8):
809-16.
Pappas, C.T.E. dan Sonntag VKH.Lumbar Stenosis in the Elderly.Neurosurgery
Quarterly.1994;4:102-112.
Resnick, D.K. dkk.Guidelines for the Performance of Fusion Procedures for
Degenerative Disease of the Lumbar Spine. Part 9: fusion in patients with stenosis
and spondylolisthesis.J Neurosurg Spine.Jun2005;2(6):679-85.
Resnick, D.K. dkk.Guidelines for the Performance of Fusion Procedures for Degenerative
Disease of the Lumbar Spine. Part 10: Fusion Following Decompression in Patients
with Stenosis without Spondylolisthesis.J Neurosurg Spine.Jun2005;2(6):686-91.
Silvers, H.R. dkk.Decompressive Lumbar Laminectomy for Spinal Stenosis.J Neurosurg
.Mei1993;78(5):695-701.
Singh, K. dkk.Congenital Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Prospective, Control-Matched,
Cohort Radiographic Analysis.Spine J.Nov-Des2005;5(6):615-22.
Turner, J.A. dkk.Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Attempted Meta-Analysis of the
Literature.Spine.Jan1992;17(1):1-8.
Yu, S. dkk.Criteria for Classifying Normal and Degenerated Lumbar Intervertebral
Disks.Radiology.Feb1989;170(2):523-6.
Spondilolistesis
Acosta, F.L.Jr. dkk.Operative Management of Adult High-Grade Lumbosacral
Spondylolisthesis.Neurosurg Clin N Am.Apr2007;18(2):249-54.
Feffer, H.L. dkk.Degenerative Spondylolisthesis. To Fuse or Not to Fuse.Spine.Apr
1985;10(3):287-9.
Hanley, E.N.Jr. dan Levy J.A.Surgical Treatment of Isthmic Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis.
Analysis of Variables Influencing Results.Spine.Jan1989;14(1):48-50.
Harris, I.E. dan Weinstein S.L.Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Grade-III and
IV Spondylolisthesis. Treatment with and without Posterior Fusion.J Bone Joint
Surg Am.Sep1987;69(7):960-9.
Heller, J.G.The Syndromes of Degenerative Cervical Disease.Orthop Clin North
Am.Jul1992;23(3):381-94.
Herkowitz, H.N. dan Kurz L.T.Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis with Spinal
Stenosis. A Prospective Study Comparing Decompression with Decompression and
Intertransverse Process Arthrodesis.J Bone Joint Surg Am.Jul1991;73(6):802-8.
Hu, S.S. dkk.Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis.Instr Course Lect.2008;57:431-45.

Ikuta, K. dkk.Clinical Outcome of Microendoscopic Posterior Decompression for
Spinal Stenosis associated with Degenerative Spondylolisthesis--Minimum 2-Year
Outcome of 37 Patients.Minim Invasive Neurosurg.Okt2008;51(5):267-71.
Majid, K. dan Fischgrund J.S.Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: Trends in
Management.J Am Acad Orthop Surg.Apr2008;16(4):208-15.
Rosenberg, N.J.Degenerative Spondylolisthesis. Predisposing Factors.J Bone Joint Surg
Am.Jun1975;57(4):467-74.
Silvers, H.R. dkk.Decompressive Lumbar Laminectomy for Spinal Stenosis.J
Neurosurg.Mei1993;78(5):695-701.
Vaccaro, A.R. dan Garfin S.R.Internal Fixation (Pedicle Screw Fixation) for Fusions of
the Lumbar Spine.Spine.15 Des 1995;20(24 Suppl):157S-165S.
Weinstein, J.N. dkk.Surgical versus Nonsurgical Treatment for Lumbar Degenerative
Spondylolisthesis.N Engl J Med.31 Mei 2007;356(22):2257-70.
Wiltse, L.L. dkk.Classification of Spondylolisis and Spondylolisthesis.Clin Orthop.Jun
1976;(117):23-9.
Yu, S. dkk.Criteria for Classifying Normal and Degenerated Lumbar Intervertebral
Disks.Radiology.Feb1989;17 0(2):523-6.
Spondilolisis
Albanese, M. dan Pizzutillo PD.Family study of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.J
Pediatr Orthop.1982;2(5):496-9.
Amato, M. dkk.Spondylolysis of the Lumbar Spine: Demonstration of Defects and
Laminal Fragmentation.Radiology.Des1984;153(3):627-9.
Ariyoshi, dkk.Spondylolysis at three sites in the same lumbar vertebra.Int J Sports
Med.Jan1999;20(1):56-7.
Congeni, J. dkk.Lumbar Spondylolysis. A Study of Natural Progression in Athletes.Am
J Sports Med.Mar-Apr1997;25(2):248-53..
Harvey, C.J. dkk.The Radiological Investigation of Lumbar Spondylolysis.Clin Radio
l.Okt1998;53(10):723-8.
Kurd, M.F. dkk.Nonoperative Treatment of Symptomatic Spondylolysis.J Spinal Disord
Tech.Des2007;20(8):560-564.
Lee, J. dkk.Spondylolysis of the Upper Lumbar Spine. Radiological Features.Clin
Imaging.Nov-Des1999;23(6):389-93.
Mannor, D.A. dan Lindenfeld T.N.Spinal Process Apophysitis Mimics Spondylolysis.
Case Reports.Am J Sports Med.Mar-Apr2000;28(2):257-60.
Moeller, J.L. dan Rifat S.F.Spondylolysis in Active Adolescents: Expediting Return to
Play.Phys Sportsmed.Des 2001;29(12):27-32.
Morita, T. dkk.Lumbar Spondylolysis in Children and Adolescents.J Bone Joint Surg
Br.Jul1995;77(4):620-5.
Referensi R-67
Morscher, E. dkk.Surgical Treatment of Spondylolisthesis by Bone Grafting and Direct

Stabilization of Spondylolysis by Means of A Hook Screw.Arch Orthop Trauma
Surg.1984;103(3):175-8.
Porter, R.W. dan Park W.Unilateral Spondylolysis.J Bone Joint Surg Br.1982;64(3):344-8.
Ralston, S. dan Weir M.Suspecting Lumbar Spondylolysis in Adolescent Low Back
Pain.Clin Pediatr (Phila).Mei1998;37(5):287-93.
Smith, J.A. dan Hu S.S.Management of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis in the Pediatric
and Adolescent Population.Orthop Clin North Am.Jul1999;30(3):487-99, ix.
Spondilosis Servikal
AGS Panel on Persistent Pain in Older Persons.The Management of Persistent Pain in
Older Persons.J Am Geriatr Soc.2002;50(Suppl 6):S205-S224.
Al-Mefty, O. dkk.Experimental Chronic Compressive Cervical Myelopathy.J
Neurosurg.Okt1993;79(4):550-61.
Ellenberg, M.R. dkk.Cervical Radiculopathy.Arch Phys Med Rehabil.Mar1994;75(3):
342-52.
Emery, S.E.Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Diagnosis and Treatment.J Am Acad
Orthop Surg.Nov-Des2001;9(6):376-88.
Farooqi, N.A. dkk.Cervical Osteophytes: A Cause of Potentially Life-Threatening
Laryngeal Spasms. Case Report.J Neurosurg Spine.Mei2006;4(5):419-20.
Fehlings, M.G. dan Skaf G.A Review of the Pathophysiology of Cervical Spondylotic
Myelopathy with Insights for Potential Novel Mechanisms Drawn from Traumatic
Spinal Cord Injury.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).15 Des 1998;23(24):2730-7.
Grob, D.Surgery in the Degenerative Cervical Spine.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).15 Des
1998;23(24):2674-83.
Heller, J.G.The Syndromes of Degenerative Cervical Disease.Orthop Clin North
Am.Jul1992;23(3):381-94.
Hoff, J.T. dan Wilson C.B.The Pathophysiology of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy
and Myelopathy.Clin Neurosurg.1977;24:474-87.
Kanbay, M. dkk.Dysphagia Caused by Cervical Osteophytes: A Rare Case.J Am Geriatr
Soc.Jul2006;54(7):1147-8.
Kumar, V.G. dkk.Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Functional and Radiographic Long-
term Outcome after Laminectomy and Posterior Fusion.Neurosurgery.Apr1999;4
4(4):771-7; discussion 777-8.
McCormack, B.M. dan Weinstein P.R.Cervical Spondylosis. An Update.West J
Med.Jul-Aug1996;165(1-2):43-51.
Moore, A.P. dan Blumhardt L.D.A Prospective Survey of the Causes of Non-Traumatic Spastic
Paraparesis and Tetraparesis in 585 Patients.Spinal Cord.Jun1997;35(6):361-7.
Nurick, S.The Natural History and the Results of Surgical Treatment of the Spinal Cord
Disorder Associated with Cervical Spondylosis.Brain.1972;95(1):101-8.
Papadopoulos, S.M. dan Hoff J.T.Anatomical Treatment of Cervical Spondylosis.Clin

Neurosurg.1994;41:270-85.
Parke, W.W.Correlative Anatomy of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.Spine (Phila
Pa 1976).Jul1988;13(7):831-7.
Razack, N. dkk.Surgery for Cervical Myelopathy in Geriatric Patients.Spinal
Cord.Sep1998;36(9):629-32.
Rosomoff, H.L. dkk.Chronic Cervical Pain: Radiculopathy or Brachialgia. Noninterventional
Treatment.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).Okt1992;17(10 Suppl):S362-6.
Rowland, L.P.Surgical Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Time for A
Controlled Trial.Neurology.Jan1992;42(1):5-13.
Schneider, R.C. dkk.The Syndrome of Acute Central Cervical Spinal Cord Injury;
with Special Reference to the Mechanisms Involved in Hyperextension Injuries of
Cervical Spine.J Neurosurg.Nov1954;11(6):546-77.
Swezey, R.L.dkk.Efficacy of Home Cervical Traction Therapy.Am J Phys Med
Rehabil.Jan-Feb1999;78(1):30-2.
Teresi, L.M. dkk.Asymptomatic Degenerative Disk Disease and Spondylosis of the
Cervical Spine: MR Imaging.Radiology.Jul1987;164(1):83-8.
Young, W.F. dkk.Surgical Outcome in Patients with Coexisting Multiple Sclerosis and
Spondylosis.Acta Neurol Scand.Agust1999;100(2):84-7.
Young, W.F.Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Common Cause of Spinal Cord
Dysfunction in Older Persons.Am Fam Physician.1 Sep 2000;62(5):1064-70,
1073.
De Quirvains tenovaginitis
Arons, M.S.De Quervains Release in Working Women: A Report of Failures, Complications,
and Associated Diagnoses.J Hand Surg[Am].Jul1987;12(4):540-4.
De Quervain, F.On A Form of Chronic Tendovaginitis by Dr. Fritz de Quervain in la
Chaux-de-Fonds. 1895.Am J Orthop.Sep1997;26(9):641-4.
De Quervain, F.On A Form of Chronic Tendovaginitis. (Translated article: Cor-
Bl.f.schweiz. Aerzrte 1895:25:389-94).J Hand Surg[Br].Agust2005;30(4):388-
91.
De Quervain, F.On the Nature and Treatment of Stenosing Tendovaginitis on the Styloid
Process of the Radius. (Translated Article: Muenchener Medizinische Wochenschrift
1912, 59, 5-6).J Hand Surg[Br].Agust2005;30(4):392-4.
Diop, A.N. dkk.Role of US in the Management of de Quervains Tenosynovitis: Review
of 22 Cases.J Radiol.Sep2008;89(9 Pt 1):1081-4.
Finkelstein, H.Stenosing Tendovaginitis at the Radial Styloid Process.Journal of Bone
and Joint Surgery.1930;12:509-40.
Kulthanan, T. dan Chareonwat B.Variations in Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor
Pollicis Brevis Tendons in The Quervain Syndrome: A Surgical and Anatomical
Study.Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg.2007;41(1):36-8.
Referensi R-69
Louis, D.S.Incomplete Release of the First Dorsal Compartment--A Diagnostic Test.J

Hand Surg[Am].Jan1987;12(1):87-8.
Sawaizumi, T. dkk.De Quervains Disease: Efficacy of Intra-Sheath Triamcinolone
Injection.Int Orthop.Apr2007;31(2):265-8.
Scheller, A. dkk.Long-Term Results of Surgical Release of De Quervains Stenosing
Tenosynovitis.Int Orthop.28 Okt 2008.
Stephens, M.B. dkk.Musculoskeletal Injections: A Review of the Evidence.Am Fam
Physician.15 Okt 2008;78(8):971-6.
Weiss, A.P. dkk.Treatment of de Quervains Disease.J Hand Surg[Am].Jul1994;19(4)
:595-8.
Ganglion
Angelides, A.C. 1993.Ganglions of the Hand and Wrist. Operative Hand Surgery.
Editor: Green D.P., Hotchkiss R.N.Edisi ke-3.Churchill Livingstone.
Arabori, M. dkk.Intraosseous Ganglion of the Phalanx.Clin Imaging.Jan-
Feb2008;32(1):73-6.
Dias, J.J. dkk.The Natural History of Untreated Dorsal Wrist Ganglia and Patient Reported
Outcome 6 Years After Intervention.J Hand Surg Eur Vol.Oct2007;32(5):502-8.
Edwards, S.G. dan Johansen J.A.Prospective Outcomes and Associations of Wrist Ganglion
Cysts Resected Arthroscopically.J Hand Surg Am.Mar2009;34(3):395-400.
Hooper, G.1993. Cystic Swellings. Tumors of the Hand and Upper Limb.Editor: Bogumill
G.B, Fleegler E.J. New York: Churchill Livingstone.
Jakowski, J.D. dkk.Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Distal Extremities: A Study
of 141 Cases.Am J Clin Pathol.Feb2010;133(2):224-31.
Kayalar, M. dkk.The Importance of Finger Extension Test in the Diagnosis of Occult
Wrist Ganglion.Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc.2007;41(1):42-7.
Osterman, A.L. dan Raphael J.Arthroscopic Resection of Dorsal Ganglion of the
Wrist.Hand Clin.Feb1995;11(1):7-12.
Oztrk, K. dkk.Occult Scapholunate Ganglion in Patients with Dorsoradial Wrist
Pain.Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc.Nov-Des2007;41(5):349-54.
Sanders, W.E.The Occult Dorsal Carpal Ganglion.J Hand Surg[Br].Jun1985;10(2)
:257-60.
Thornburg, L.E.Ganglions of the Hand and Wrist.J Am Acad Orthop Surg.Jul-
Aug1999;7(4):231-8.
Sindrom Terowongan Karpal

Atroshi, I. dkk. Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in A General Population.JAMA.
14 Jul 1999;282(2):153-8.
Atroshi, I. dkk. Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Potentially Needing Surgical Treatment
in A General Population (1).J Hand Surg[Am]. Jul 2003;28(4):639-44.
Bland, J.D. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.Curr Opin Neurol. Okt 2005;18(5):581-5.
DArcy, C.A. dan McGee S. The Rational Clinical Examination. Does This Patient
Have Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?.JAMA. 21 Jun 2000;283(23):3110-7.
Gelfman, R. dkk. Long-Term Trends in Carpal Tunnel Syndrom.Neurology. 6 Jan
2009;72(1):33-41.
Gerritsen, A.A. dkk. Splinting for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Prognostic Indicators of
Success.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Sep 2003;74(9):1342-4.
Gerritsen, A.A. dkk. Splinting vs Surgery in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:
A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 11 Sep 2002;288(10):1245-51.
Graham, B. Nonsurgical Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.J Hand Surg Am. Mar
2009;34(3):531-4.
Kerwin, G. dkk. The Pathophysiology of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.Hand Clin. Mei
1996;12(2):243-51.
Kulick, R.G. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.Orthop Clin North Am. Apr 1996;27(2):345-
54.
MacDermid, J.C. dan Wessel J. Clinical Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A
Systematic Review.J Hand Ther. Apr-Jun 2004;17(2):309-19.
Marshall, S. dkk. Local Corticosteroid Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.Cochrane
Database Syst Rev. 18 Apr 2007;CD001554.
Moran, L. dkk. Sonographic Measurement of Cross-Sectional Area of the Median Nerve
in the diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Correlation with Nerve Conduction
Studies.J Clin Ultrasound. Mar-Apr 2009;37(3):125-31.
Papanicolaou, G.D. dkk. The Prevalence and Characteristics of Nerve Compression
Symptoms in the General Population. J Hand Surg Am. Mei 2001;26(3):460-6.
Scholten, R.J. dkk. Surgical Treatment Options for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.Cochrane
Database Syst Rev. 17 Okt 2007;CD003905.
Sternbach, G. The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.J Emerg Med. Mei-Jun 1999;17(3):519-23.
Tavares, S.P. dan Giddins G.E. Nerve Injury Following Steroid Injection for Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome. A Report of Two Cases.J Hand Surg[Br]. Apr 1996;21(2):208-9.
Ucan, H. dkk. Comparison of Splinting, Splinting Plus Local Steroid Injection and Open
Carpal Tunnel Release Outcomes in Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.Rheumatol
Int. Nov 2006;27(1):45-51.
Witt, J.C. dkk. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome with Normal Nerve Conduction Studies.Muscle
& Nerve. Apr 2004;29(4):515-22.
Wong, S.M. dkk. Local vs Systemic Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome.Neurology. 12 Jun 2001;56(11):1565-7.
Referensi Bab
9
Palsi Serebral
Abbott, R.The Management of Cerebral Palsy: How Can Neurosurgery Help?.Pediatr
Ann.Okt1997;26(1O):591-8.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Academy of
Pediatrics.Neonatal Encephalopathy and Cerebral Palsy: Defining the Pathogenesis
and Pathophysiology.Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists. 2003.
Barry, M.J.Physical Therapy Interventions for Patients With Movement Disorders due
to Cerebral Palsy.J Child Neurol.Nov1996;11 Suppl 1:S51-60.
Bax, M. dkk.Clinical and MRI Correlates of Cerebral Palsy: The European Cerebral
Palsy Study.JAMA.4 Okt 2006;296(13):1602-8.
Bax, M. dkk.Proposed Definition and Classification of Cerebral Palsy. April 2005.Dev
Med Child Neurol.Agust2005;47(8):571-6.
Delgado, M.R. dkk.Practice Parameter: Pharmacologic Treatment of Spasticity in
Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (An Evidence-Based Review): Report
of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society.Neurology.26 Jan
2010;74(4):336-43.
DeLuca, P.A.The Musculoskeletal Management of Children with Cerebral Palsy.Pediatr
Clin North Am.Okt1996;43(5):1135-50.
Gordon, N.The Role of Botulinus Toxin Type A in Treatment--with Special Reference
to Children.Brain Dev.Apr1999;21(3):147-51.
Hoving, M.A. dkk.Efficacy of Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy in Children with Intractable
Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Eur J Paediatr Neurol.Mei
2009;13(3):240-6.
Hutton, J.L. dan Pharoah P.O.Life Expectancy in Severe Cerebral Palsy.Arch Dis
Child.Mar2006;91(3):254-8.
Jacobsson, B. dan Hagberg G.Antenatal Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy.Best Pract Res
Clin Obstet Gynaecol.Jun2004;18(3):425-36.
R-71
Koman, L.A. dkk.Neuromuscular Blockade in the Management of Cerebral Palsy.J

Child Neurol.Nov1996;11 Suppl 1:S23-8.
Kwong, K.L.dkk.Epilepsy in Children with Cerebral Palsy.Pediatr Neurol.Jul1998;19
(1):31-6.
Mutch, L. dkk.Cerebral Palsy Epidemiology: Where Are We Now and Where Are We
Going?.Dev Med Child Neurol.Jun1992;34(6):547-51.
Pranzatelli, M.R.Oral Pharmacotherapy for the Movement Disorders of Cerebral
Palsy.J Child Neurol.Nov1996;11 Suppl 1:S13-22.
Russman, B.S. dan Ashwal S.Evaluation of the Child with Cerebral Palsy.Semin Pediatr
Neurol.Mar2004;11(1):47-57.
Shevell, M.I. dan Bodensteiner JB.Cerebral Palsy: Defining the Problem.Semin Pediatr
Neurol.Mar2004;11(1):2-4.
Simpson, D.M. dkk.Assessment: Botulinum Neurotoxin for the Treatment of Spasticity
(An Evidence-Based Review): Report of the Therapeutics and Technology
Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.Neurology.6
Mei 2008;70(19):1691-8.
Poliomielitis
Progress Toward Interruption of Wild Poliovirus Transmission Worldwide.
2009.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.14 Mei 2010;59(18):545-50.
Brehm, M.A. dkk.Effect of Carbon-Composite Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Walking
Efficiency and Gait in Former Polio Patients.J Rehabil Med.Okt2007;39(8):651-7.
Chen, D. dkk.Tibial Lengthening Over Humeral and Tibial Intramedullary Nails
in Patients with Sequelae of Poliomyelitis: a Comparative Study.Int Orthop.9
Mei2010.
Dutta, A.Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis-Options and Update.Vaccine.23 Okt
2008;26(45):5767-73.
Frustace, S.J.Poliomyelitis: Late and Unusual Sequelae.Am J Phys
Med.Des1987;66(6):328-37.
Gonzalez, H. dkk.Management of Postpolio Syndrome.Lancet Neurol.Jun2010;9(6)
:634-42.
Hachisuka, K. dkk.Clinical Application of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic leg
Orthosis for Polio Survivors and Its Advantages and Disadvantages.Prosthet Orthot
Int.Aug2006;30(2):129-35.
Hwang, S. dkk.Biomechanical Effect of Electromechanical Knee-Ankle-Foot-Orthosis
on Knee Joint Control in Patients with Poliomyelitis.Med Biol Eng Comput.Jun2
008;46(6):541-9.
Ingram, A.J.Paralytic Disorders.In: Crenshaw AH.Campbells Operative Orthopaedics.St.
Louis, Washington, DC, Toronto:C.V. Mosby Company;1987:29253060.
Referensi R-73
Jenkins, H.E. dkk.Effectiveness of Immunization Against Paralytic Poliomyelitis in

Nigeria.N Engl J Med.16 Okt 2008;359(16):1666-74.
Kocaoglu, M. dkk.Correction of Complex Foot Deformities Using the Ilizarov External
Fixator.J Foot Ankle Surg.Jan-Feb2002;41(1):30-9.
Koh, E.S. dkk.Upper-Limb Pain in Long-Term Poliomyelitis.QJM.Jun2002;95(6):
389-95.
Koopman, F.S. dkk.Exercise Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to Improve
Fatigue, Daily Activity Performance and Quality of Life in Postpoliomyelitis
Syndrome: The Protocol of the FACTS-2-PPS Trial.BMC Neurol.18 Jan
2010;10:8.
Lin, K.H. dan Lim Y.W.Post-Poliomyelitis Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the
Literature.Ann Acad Med Singapore.Agust2005;34(7):447-9.
Moran, M.C.Functional Loss after Total Knee Arthroplasty for Poliomyelitis.Clin
Orthop Relat Res.Feb1996;(323):243-6.
Nicholas, J.G. dan David G.L.Total knee Arthroplasty in Limbs Affected by
Poliomyelitis.Bone Jt Surg (American).2002;84:115761.
Nielsen, N.M. dkk.Long-Term Mortality After Poliomyelitis.Epidemiology.Mei2003;
14(3):355-60.
Provelengios, S. dkk.The Role of Pantalar Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Paralytic
Foot Deformities. Surgical Technique.J Bone Joint Surg Am.Mar2010;92 Suppl
1 Pt 1:44-54.
Rey, M. dan Girard M.P.The Global Eradication of Poliomyelitis: Progress and
Problems.Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis.Mar2008;31(2-3):317-25.
Thompson, K.M. dan Duintjer Tebbens R.J.The Case for Cooperation in Managing
and Maintaining the End of Poliomyelitis: Stockpile Needs and Coordinated OPV
Cessation.Medscape J Med.2008;10(8):190.
Infark Korda Spina

Cheshire, W.P. dkk.Spinal Cord Infarction: Etiology and Outcome.Neurology.Agust
1996;47(2):321-30.
Cheshire, W.P.Jr.Spinal Cord Infarction Mimicking Angina Pectoris.Mayo Clin
Proc.Nov2000;75(11):1197-9.
Combarros O. dkk.Cervical Spinal Cord Infarction Simulating Myocardial
Infarction.Eur Neurol.2002;47(3):185-6.
Di Chiro, G. dan Herdt J.R.Angiographic Demonstration of Spinal Cord Arterial
Occlusion in Postradiation Myelomalacia.Radiology.Feb1973;106(2):317-9.
Faivre, A. dkk.Essential Thrombocythemia Presenting as Spinal Cord Infarction.Presse
Med.22 Apr 2009.
Hogan, E.L. dan Dale A.J.D.Clinical Medicine. Disorders of the Spinal Cord. Vol
10.1982:1-36.
Hogan, E.L. dan Romanul F.C.Spinal Cord Infarction Occurring during Insertion of
Aortic Graft.Neurology.Jan1966;16(1):67-74.
Laguna, J. dan Cravioto H.Spinal Cord Infarction Secondary to Occlusion of the
Anterior Spinal Artery.Arch Neurol.Feb1973;28(2):134-6.
Lee, S.H. dkk.Paraplegia due to Spinal Cord Infarction after Lifting Heavy Objects.J
Korean Neurosurg Soc.Feb2008;43(2):114-6.
Leite, I. dan Monteiro L.Spinal Cord Infarction.Neurology.Mei1997;48(5):1478.
Lyders, E.M. dan Morris P.P.A Case of Spinal Cord Infarction Following Lumbar
Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection: MR Imaging and Angiographic
Findings.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.15 Apr 2009.
Ross, R.T.Spinal Cord Infarction in Disease and Surgery of the Aorta.Can J Neurol
Sci.Nov1985;12(4):289-95.
Salvador, de la. dkk.Spinal Cord Infarction: Prognosis and Recovery in A Series of 36
Patients.Spinal Cord.Okt2001;39(10):520-5.
Satran, R.Spinal Cord Infarction.Stroke.Apr1988;19(4):529-32.
Weber, P. dkk.Spinal Cord Infarction after Operative Stabilisation of the Thoracic Spine
in A Patient with Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis and Sickle Cell Trait.Spine.Apr
152009;34(8):E294-7.
Zhang, J. dkk.Multishot Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Features in Spinal Cord
Infarction.J Spinal Disord Tech.Jun2005;18(3):277-82.
Gangguan Pleksus Saraf

Akita, S. dkk.Combined Injuries of the Brachial Plexus and Spinal Cord.J Bone Joint
Surg Br.Mei2006;88(5):637-41.
Amrami, K.K. dan Port J.D.Imaging the Brachial Plexus.Hand Clin.Feb2005;21(1):25-
37.
Aymond, J.K. dkk.Neuralgic Amyotrophy.Orthop Rev.Des1989;18(12):1275-
9.[Medline].
Blaauw, G. dkk.Management of Brachial Plexus Injuries.Adv Tech Stand
Neurosurg.2008;33:201-31.
Burge, P.1997. The Brachial Plexus. Diagnostic Investigations. Editor: Boome R.S. Vol
14.Philadelphia, Pa:.WB Saunders Co.
Carlstedt, T.P.Spinal Nerve Root Injuries in Brachial Plexus Lesions:
Basic Science and Clinical Application of New Surgical Strategies. A
Review.Microsurgery.1995;16(1):13-6.
Chao, S. dkk.The Pathomechanics, Pathophysiology and Prevention of Cervical Spinal
Cord and Brachial Plexus Injuries in Athletics.Sports Med.2010;40(1):59-75.
Clancy, W.G.Jr. dkk.Upper Trunk Brachial Plexus Injuries in Contact Sports.Am J
Sports Med.Sep-Okt1977;5(5):209-16.
Referensi R-75
Colbert, S.H. dan Mackinnon S.E.Nerve Transfers for Brachial Plexus

Reconstruction.Hand Clin.Nov2008;24(4):341-61, v.
Flaggman, P.D. dan Kelly J.J.Jr.Brachial Plexus Neuropathy. An Electrophysiologic
Evaluation.Arch Neurol.Mar1980;37(3):160-4.
Goldie. B.S. dan Coates C.J.Brachial Plexus Injury: A Survey of Incidence and Referral
Pattern.J Hand Surg[Br].Feb1992;17(1):86-8.
Lahrmann, H. dkk.Neuralgic Amyotrophy with Phrenic Nerve Involvement.Muscle
Nerve.Apr1999;22(4):437-42.
Magee, K.R. dan Dejong R.N.Paralytic Brachial Neuritis. Discussion of Clinical Features
with Review of 23 Cases.JAMA.5Nov 1960;174:1258-62.
Moiyadi, A.V. dkk.Brachial Plexus Injuries: Outcome Following Neurotization with
Intercostal Nerve.J Neurosurg.Agust2007;107(2):308-13.
Narakas, A.O.The Treatment of Brachial Plexus Injuries.Int Orthop.1985;9(1):29-36.
Rovak, J.M. dan Tung, T.H.Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries.Mo Med.Nov-
Des2006;103(6):632-6.
Shin, A.Y. dkk.Adult Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries.J Am Acad Orthop
Surg.Okt2005;13(6):382-96.
Suzuki, K. dkk.Long-Term Results of Spinal Accessory Nerve Transfer to the
Suprascapular Nerve In Upper-Type Paralysis of Brachial Plexus Injury.J Reconstr
Microsurg.Agust2007;23(6):295-9.
Van Alfen, N. dkk.Treatment for Idiopathic and Hereditary Neuralgic Amyotrophy
(Brachial Neuritis).Cochrane Database Syst Rev.8 Jul 2009;CD006976.
Webb, J.C. dkk.The Prevalence of Spinal Trauma Associated with Brachial Plexus Inju
ries.Injury.Sep2002;33(7):587-90.
Weikers, N.J. dan Mattson R.H.Acute Paralytic Brachial Neuritis. A Clinical and
Electrodiagnostic Study.Neurology.Des1969;19(12):1153-8.
Wilbourn, A.J.1993. Brachial Plexus Disorders. Editor: Dyck P.J., Thomas P.K.Peripheral
Neuropathy.Philadelphia, Pa:WB Saunders.
Polineuropati
Chalk, C.H.Acquired Peripheral Neuropathy.Neurol Clin.Agust1997;15(3):501-28.
Dick, P.J. dan Thomas P.K. (ed).1993. Peripheral Neuropathy.Edisi ke-3.Philadelphia:WB
Saunders.
Freeman. R. dkk.Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Pregabalin Treatment for Painful
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Findings from Seven Randomized, Controlled
Trials Across a Range of Doses.Diabetes Care.Jul2008;31(7):1448-54.
Kaminski, H.J. dan Ruff R.L.Neurologic Complications of Endocrine Diseases.Neurol
Clin.Agust1989;7(3):489-508.
Kyle, R.A.Monoclonal Proteins in Neuropathy.Neurol Clin.Agust1992;10(3):713-34.
Lisle, D.A. dan Johnstone S.A.Usefulness of Muscle Denervation as An MRI Sign of

Peripheral Nerve Pathology.Australas Radiol.Des2007;51(6):516-26.
Misiunas, A. dkk.Peripheral Neuropathy in Subclinical Hypothyroidism.Thyroid.Agust
1995;5(4):283-6.
Parry, G.J.Management of Diabetic Neuropathy.Am J Med.30 Agust
1999;107(2B):27S-33S.
Simmons, D.N. dkk.Imaging of Peripheral Nerve Lesions in the Lower Limb.Techniques
in Foot & Ankle Surgery.2008/12;7(4):224-237.
Sindrup, S.H. dan Jensen T.S.Efficacy of Pharmacological Treatments of Neuropathic Pain:
An Update and Effect Related to Mechanism of Drug Action.Pain.Des1999;83(3):
389-400.
Tamborlane, W.V. dan Ahern J.Implications and Results of the Diabetes Control and
Complications Trial.Pediatr Clin North Am.Apr1997;44(2):285-300.
Thomas, P.K. dan Tomlinson DR.1993 Diabetic and Hypoglycemic Neuropathy.Editor:
Dick P.J., Thomas P.K.Peripheral Neuropathy.Philadelphia:WB Saunders.
Distrofi Muskular
Almenrader, N. dan Patel D. Spinal Fusion Surgery in Children with Non-Idiopathic
Scoliosis: Is There a Need for Routine Postoperative Ventilation?.Br J Anaesth. Des
2006;97(6):851-7.
Bushby, K. Genetics and the Muscular Dystrophies.Dev Med Child Neurol. Nov
2000;42(11):780-4.
Gonzlez-Herrera, L. dkk. Identifying Deletions in the Dystrophin Gene and Detecting
Carriers in Families with Duchennes/Beckers Muscular Dystrophy.Rev Neurol.
1631 Jan 2009;48(2):66-70.
Hoffman, E.P. dkk. Dystrophin: The Protein Product of the Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy Locus.Cell. 24 Des 1987;51(6):919-28.
Mubarak, S.J. dkk. Spinal Fusion in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy-Fixation and Fusion
to the Sacropelvis?.J Pediatr Orthop. Nov-Dec 1993;13(6):752-7.
Rando, T.A. Non-Viral Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Progress and
Challenges.Biochim Biophys Acta. Feb 2007;1772(2):263-71.
Shapiro, F. dan Specht L. The Diagnosis and Orthopaedic Treatment of Inherited
Muscular Diseases of Childhood.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Mar 1993;75(3):439-54.
Sussman, M.D. Advantage of Early Spinal Stabilization and Fusion in Patients with
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.J Pediatr Orthop. Sep 1984;4(5):532-7.
Weimann, R.L. dkk. Surgical Stabilization of the Spine in Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy.Spine. Okt 1983;8(7):776-80..
Wells, D.J. Therapeutic Restoration of Dystrophin Expression in Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy.J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2006;27(5-7):387-98.
Referensi R-77
Yanagisawa, A. dkk. POMT2 Intragenic Deletions and Splicing Abnormalities Causing

Congenital Muscular Dystrophy with Mental Retardation.Eur J Med Genet. 27
Des 2008.
Yount ,C.C. The Role of Tensor Fascia Femoris in Certain Deformities of the Lower
Extremities.J Bone Joint Surg. 1926;8:171-93.
Sindrom Stiff-person
Blum, P. dan Jankovic J. Stiff-Person Syndrome: An Autoimmune Disease.Mov Disord.
1991;6(1):12-20.
Dalakas, M.C. Stiff Person Syndrome: Advances in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic
Interventions.Curr Treat Options Neurol. Mar 2009;11(2):102-10.
Duddy, M.E. dan Baker M.R. Stiff Person Syndrome.Front Neurol Neurosci.
2009;26:147-65.
Geis, C. dkk. Stiff Person Syndrome Associated Anti-Amphiphysin Antibodies Reduce
GABA Associated [Ca(2+)](i) Rise in Embryonic Motoneurons.Neurobiol Dis. 23
Jul 2009.
Moersch, F.P. danWoltman H.W. Progressive Fluctuating Muscular Rigidity and Spasm
(Stiff-Man Syndrome): Report of A Case and Some Observations in 13 Other
Cases.Mayo Clin Proc. 1956;31:421-7.
Murinson, B.B. Stiff-Person Syndrome.Neurologist. Mei 2004;10(3):131-7.
Stayer, C. dan Meinck H.M. Stiff-Man Syndrome: An Overview.Neurologia. Feb
1998;13(2):83-8.
Sindrom Isaac
Gutmann, L. dan Gutmann L. Myokymia and Neuromyotonia 2004.J Neurol. Feb
2004;251(2):138-42.
Isaacs, H. A Syndrome of Continuous Muscle-Fibre Activity.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat.
1961;24:319-325.
Jackson, D.L. dkk. Isaacs Syndrome with Laryngeal Involvement: An Unusual Presentation
of Myokymia.Neurology. Des 1979;29(12):1612-5.
Lutschg, J. dkk. The Syndrome of Continuous Muscle Fiber Activity.Arch Neurol. Apr
1978;35(4):198-205.
Solimena, M. dkk. Autoantibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in A Patient with
Stiff-Man Syndrome, Epilepsy, and Type I Diabetes Mellitus.N Engl J Med. Apr
21 1988;318(16):1012-20.
Miastenia Gravis
Argov, Z. dan Wirguin I. 1994. Drugs and the Neuromuscular Junction: Pharmacotherapy
of Transmission Disorders and Drug-Induced Myasthenic Syndromes. Editor: Lisak
R.P. Handbook of Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Syndromes. Hlm. 295-319.
Engel, A.G. Acquired Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis. Editor: Engel A.G., Franzini-
Armstrong C. Myology: Basic and Clinical.Edisi ke-2. 1994;1769-1797.
Grob. D. dkk. The Natural Course of Myasthenia Gravis and Effect of Therapeutic
Measures.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1981;377:652-69.
Jaretzki, A. dkk. Myasthenia Gravis: Recommendations for Clinical Research Standards.
Task Force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis
Foundation of America.Neurology. 12 Jul 2000;55(1):16-23.
Massey, J.M. Acquired Myasthenia Gravis.Neurol Clinics. 1997;15(3):577-595.
Oosterhuis, H.J. Anti-Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis. Part
2. Clinical and Serological Follow-up of Individual Patients.J Neurol Sci. Mar
1983;58(3):371-85.
Osserman, K.E. dan Genkins G. Studies in Myasthenia Gravis: Review of A Twenty-
Year Experience in Over 1.200 Patients.Mt Sinai J Med. Nov-Des 1971;38(6):497-
537.
Pasnoor, M. dkk. Clinical Findings in MuSK-Antibody Positive Myasthenia Gravis: A
U.S. Experience.Muscle Nerve. Mar 2010;41(3):370-4.
Patric, J. dan Lindstrom J.M. Autoimmune Response to Acetylcholine Receptor.Science.
1973;180:871.
Richman, D.P. dan Agius M.A. Treatment of Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis.Neurology.
23 Des 2003;61(12):1652-61.
Sanders, D.B. dkk. Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis.Ann Neurol. 1987;22:126.
Stickler, D.E. dkk. MuSK-Antibody Positive Myasthenia Gravis: Clinical and
Electrodiagnostic Patterns.Clin Neurophysiol. Sep 2005;116(9):2065-8.
Strauss, A.J.L. dkk. Immunofluorescence Demonstration of A Muscle Binding
Complement Fixing Serum Globulin Fraction in Myasthenia Gravis.Proc Soc Exp
Biol. 1960;105:184.
Takanami, I. Therapeutic Outcomes in Thymectomied Patients with Myasthenia
Gravis.Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Des 2009;15(6):373-7.
Wittbrodt, E.T. Drugs and Myasthenia Gravis. An Update.Arch Intern Med. Feb 24
1997;157(4):399-408.
Zebardast, N. dkk. Rituximab in the Management of Refractory Myasthenia
Gravis.Muscle Nerve. Mar 2010;41(3):375-8.
Botulisem
Angulo, F.J. dkk. A Large Outbreak of Botulism: The Hazardous Baked Potato.J Infect
Dis. Jul 1998;178(1):172-7.
Referensi R-79
Arnon, S.S. Creation and Development of the Public Service Orphan Drug Human
Botulism Immune Globulin.Pediatrics. Apr 2007;119(4):785-9.
Bossi, P. dkk. Bichat Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Botulism and
Bioterrorism-Related Botulism.Euro Surveill. 15 Dec 2004;9(12):E13-4.
Cai, S. dan Sharma S. Botulism Diagnostics: from Clinical Symptoms to in Vitro
Assays.Crit Rev Microbiol. Apr-Jun 2007;33(2):109-25.
Cardoso, F. dan Jankovic J. Clinical Use of Botulinum Neurotoxins.Curr Top Microbiol
Immunol. 1995;195:123-41.
Critchley, E.M. dan Mitchell J.D. Human Botulism.Br J Hosp Med. Apr 1990;43(4):290-2.
Fox, C.K. dkk. Recent Advances in Infant Botulism.Pediatr Neurol. Mar
2005;32(3):149-54.
Hatheway, C.L. Botulism: The Present Status of the Disease.Curr Top Microbiol
Immunol. 1995;195:55-75.
Jahn, R. dan Niemann H. Molecular Mechanisms of Clostridial Neurotoxins.Ann N Y
Acad Sci. Sep 15 1994;733:245-55.
Lecour, H. dkk. Food-Borne Botulism. A Review of 13 Outbreaks.Arch Intern Med.
Mar 1988;148(3):578-80.
Oguma, K. dkk. Structure and Function of Clostridium Botulinum Toxins.Microbiol
Immunol. 1995;39(3):161-8.
Passaro, D.J. dkk. Wound Botulism Associated with Black Tar Heroin Among Injecting
Drug Users.JAMA. 18 Mar 1998;279(11):859-63.
Schiavo, G. dkk. Intracellular Targets and Metalloprotease Activity of Tetanus and
Botulism Neurotoxins.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1995;195:257-74.
Slater, P.E. dkk. Foodborne Botulism: An International Outbreak.Int J Epidemiol. Sep
1989;18(3):693-6.
St. Louis, M.E. dkk. Botulism from Chopped Garlic: Delayed Recognition of A Major
Outbreak.Ann Intern Med. Mar 1988;108(3):363-8.
Varma, J.K. dkk.Signs and Symptoms Predictive of Death in Patients with Foodborne Botulism-
-Republic of Georgia, 1980-2002.Clin Infect Dis. 1 Agust 2004;39(3):357-62.
Weber, J.T. dkk. Wound Botulism in A Patient with A Tooth Abscess: Case Report and
Review.Clin Infect Dis. Mei 1993;16(5):635-9.
Intoksikasi organofosfat
Buckley, N.A.. 2005. The Need for Translational Research on Antidotes for Pesticide
Poisoning. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. Volume 32 Issue
11. Hal 9991005.16 Des 2005.
Eddleston, M. dkk. Medical Management of Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Self-
Poisoning. Lancet. 16 Feb 2008; 371(9612): 597607.
Lindell, A.E. dkk. 2003. National Pesticide. Competency Guidelines for Medical &
Nursing Education. A Project of the National Strategies for Health Care Providers:
Pesticides Initiative. The National Environmental Education & Training Foundation.

Washington, DC 20006-3915.
Lukaszewicz-Hussain A. Subchronic Intoxication with Chlorfenvinphos, an
Organophosphate Insecticide, Affects Rat Brain Antioxidative Enzymes and
Glutathione Level. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jan;46(1):82-6. Epub 2007 Jul 14.
Melum, Melissa F. 2001. Organophosphate Toxicity: Symptoms of Insecticide Poisoning
May Mimic Those of the Flu. American Journal of Nursing. Mei 2001/Volume
101/Issue 5/Hal 5758.
Michottea, A. dkk. 1989. Ataxia as the Only Delayed Neurotoxic Manifestation
of Organophosphate Insecticide Poisoning. Eur Neurol 1989;29:23-26 (DOI:
10.1159/000116371).
Roberts, D.M. dan Aaron C.K. 2007. Management of Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide
Poisoning. BMJ 2007;334:629-634 (24 Maret), doi:10.1136/bmj. 39134.566979.BE.
Slotkin., Theodore A. dkk. 2006. Organophosphate Insecticides Target the Serotonergic
System in Developing Rat Brain Regions: Disparate Effects of Diazinon and
Parathion at Doses Spanning the Threshold for Cholinesterase Inhibition. Nursing
Health Magazine. 1 Oktober 2006.
Srinivas, R.C.H. dkk. 2005. Pesticide Poisoning in South India: Opportunities for
Prevention and Improved Medical Management. Tropical Medicine & International
Health. 10(6):581-588, Juni 2005.
World Health Organization. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy life. Geneva: World
Health Organization; 2002. World Health Report 2002.
World Health Organization. WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by
Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 20002001. Geneva: WHO; 2001. (WHO/
PCS/01.4).
Referensi Bab
10
Konsep Neoplasma
Ashford, R.U. dkk. Surgical Biopsy with Intra-Operative Frozen Section. An Accurate
and Cost-Effective Method for Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Sarcomas.J Bone Joint
Surg Br. Sep 2006;88(9):1207-11.
Berquist, T.H. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Musculoskeletal Neoplasms.Clin Orthop
Relat Res. Jul 1989;(244):101-1.
Bischoff, M. dkk. Integrated FDG-PET-CT: Its Role in the Assessment of Bone and
Soft Tissue Tumors.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 28 Jul 2009.
Bloem, J.L. dan Kroon H.M. Osseous Lesions.Radiol Clin North Am. Mar
1993;31(2):261-78.
Enneking, W.F. A System of Staging Musculoskeletal Neoplasms.Clin Orthop Relat
Res. Mar 1986;(204):9-24.
Enneking, W.F. dkk. A System for the Surgical Staging of Musculoskeletal Sarcoma.Clin
Orthop Relat Res. Nov-Des 1980;(153):106-20.
Fletcher, B.D. dkk. Pediatric Musculoskeletal Tumors: Use of Dynamic, Contrast-
Enhanced MR Imaging to Monitor Response to Chemotherapy.Radiology. Jul
1992;184(1):243-8.
Musculosceletal Tumor Society. Staging of Musculoskeletal Neoplasms.Skeletal Radiol.
1985;13(3):183-94.
Peh, W.C. The Role of Imaging in the Staging of Bone Tumors.Crit Rev Oncol Hematol.
Jul 1999;31(2):147-67.
Peh, W.C. dkk. Osteogenic Sarcoma with Skeletal Muscle Metastases.Skeletal Radiol.
Mei 1999;28(5):298-304.
Vanel, D. dkk. Primary Tumors of the Musculoskeletal System.Radiol Clin North Am.
Jan 1997;35(1):213-37.
Veth, R.P. dkk. The Treatment of Primary Tumors of the Femur with Chemotherapy (If
Indicated), Resection, and Reconstruction with An Endoprosthesis.J Surg Oncol.
Dec 1985;30(4):252-8.
Wolf, R.E. dan Enneking W.F. The Staging and Surgery of Musculosceletal
Neoplasms.Orthop Clin North Am. Jul 1996;27(3):473-81.
R-81
Osteoid Osteoma
Bilgin, S.S. dkk. Osteoid Osteoma in the Hand: An Evaluation of Eight Patients.Acta
Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2004;38 (3):206-11.
Ebrahimzadeh, M.H. dkk. Osteoid Osteoma: A Diagnosis for Radicular Pain of
Extremities. Orthopedics. Nov 2009;32(11):821.
Gonzalez, G. dkk. Osteoid Osteoma with A Multicentric Nidus.Int Orthop.
1996;20(1):61-3.
Greenspan, A. Benign Bone-Forming Lesions: Osteoma, Osteoid Osteoma, and
Osteoblastoma. Clinical, Imaging, Pathologic, and Differential Considerations.Skeletal
Radiol. Okt 1993;22(7):485-500.
Kneisl, J.S. dan Simon M.A. Medical Management Compared with Operative Treatment
for Osteoid-Osteoma.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Feb 1992;74(2):179-85.
Lenke, L.G. dkk. Osteoid Osteoma of the Proximal Femur: CT-Guided Preoperative
Localization.Orthopedics. Mar 1994;17(3):289-92.
Marcove, R.C. dkk. Osteoid Osteoma. Diagnosis, Localization, and Treatment.Clin
Orthop Relat Res. Jun 1991;197-201.
Rinsky, L.A. dkk. Intraoperative Skeletal Scintigraphy for Localization of Osteoid-
Osteoma in the Spine. Case Report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jan 1980;62(1):143-4.
Saville, P.D. A Medical Option for the Treatment of Osteoid Osteoma.Arthritis Rheum.
Des 1980;23(12):1409-11.
Sproule, J.A. dkk. Osteoid Osteoma: Painful Enlargement of the Second Toe.Arch
Orthop Trauma Surg. Jun 2004;124 (5):354-6.
Swee, R.G. dkk. Osteoid Osteoma. Detection, Diagnosis, and Localization.Radiology.
Jan 1979;130(1):117-23.
Volkmer, D. dkk. The Use of Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Musculosceletal
Tumors.J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Des 2009;17(12):737-43.
Osteoblastoma
Bertoni, F. dkk. Osteosarcoma Resembling Osteoblastoma.Cancer. 15 Jan
1985;55(2):416-26.
Denaro, V. dkk. Surgical Management of Cervical Spine Osteoblastomas.Clinical
Orthopaedics and Related Research. Februari 2007;455:190-5.
Dorfman, H.D. dan Weiss S.W. Borderline Osteoblastic Tumors: Problems in
the Differential Diagnosis of Aggressive Osteoblastoma and Low-Grade
Osteosarcoma.Semin Diagn Pathol. Agust 1984;1(3):215-34.
Gitelis, S. dan Schajowicz F. Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma.Orthop Clin North
Am. Jul 1989;20(3):313-25.
Jaffe, H.L. Benign Osteoblastoma.Bull Hosp Joint Dis. 1956;17:141-151.
Kan, P. dan Schmidt M.H. Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma of the Spine.Neurosurg
Clin N Am. Jan 2008;19(1):65-70.
Referensi R-83
Kirwan, E.O. dkk. Osteoid Osteoma and Benign Osteoblastoma of the Spine. Clinical
Presentation and Treatment.J Bone Joint Surg Br. Jan 1984;66(1):21-6.
Lichtenstein, L. Benign Osteoblastoma. A Category of Osteoid- and Bone-Forming
Tumors Other than Classical Osteoid Osteoma, Which May be Mistaken for Giant-
Cell tumor or Osteogenic Sarcoma.Cancer. 1956;9:1044-1052.
Marsh, B.W. dkk. Benign Osteoblastoma: Range of Manifestations.J Bone Joint Surg
Am. Jan 1975;57(1):1-9.
Papagelopoulos, P.J. dkk. Clinicopathologic Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of
Osteoblastoma.Orthopedics. Feb 1999;22(2):244-7; quiz 248-9.
Ruggieri, P. dkk. Osteoblastoma.Orthopedics. Jul 1996;19(7):621-4.
Osteosarkoma
Bacci, G. dkk. Pattern of Relapse in Patients with Osteosarcoma of the Extremities
Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.Eur J Cancer. Jan 2001;37(1):32-8.
Boriani, S. dkk. Primary Bone Tumors of the Spine. Terminology and Surgical
Staging.Spine. 1 Mei 1997;22(9):1036-44.
Campanacci, M. Preface.1999. Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors: Clinical Features, Imaging,
Pathology and Treatment. Edisi ke-2. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
Davis, A.M. dkk. Functional Outcome in Amputation versus Limb Sparing of Patients
with Lower Extremity Sarcoma: a Matched Case-Control Study.Arch Phys Med
Rehabil. Jun 1999;80(6):615-8.
Enneking, W.F. dkk. A System for the Surgical Staging of Musculosceletal Sarcoma.Clin
Orthop Relat Res. Nov-Des 1980;153:106-20.
Enneking, W.F. dkk. Current Concepts Review. The Surgical Staging of Musculosceletal
Sarcoma.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Sep 1980;62(6):1027-30.
Gebhardt, M.C. Whats New in Musculoskeletal Tumor Surgery.J Bone Joint Surg Am.
Apr 2001;83-A(4):629-34.
Link, M.P. dkk. Adjuvant Chemotherapy of High-Grade Osteosarcoma of the Extremity.
Updated Results of the Multi-Institutional Osteosarcoma Study.Clin Orthop Relat
Res. Sep 1991;270:8-14.
Mankin, H.J. dkk. The Hazards of Biopsy in Patients with Malignant Primary Bone and
Soft-Tissue Tumors.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Okt 1982;64(8):1121-7.
Mankin, H.J. dkk. The Hazards of the Biopsy, Revisited. Members of the Musculoskeletal
Tumor Society.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Mei 1996;78(5):656-63.
Marulanda, G.A. dkk. Orthopedic Surgery Options for the Treatment of Primary
Osteosarcoma.Cancer Control. Jan 2008;15(1):13-20.
Morgan, E. dkk. Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Osteogenic Sarcoma: A Report
from the Childrens Cancer Study Group.Cancer Treat Rep. Apr 1984;68(4):661-4.
Punzalan, M. dan Hyden G. The Role of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy in
the Rehabilitation of Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Osteosarcoma.Cancer
Treat Res. 2010;152:367-84.
Rosen, G. dkk. Chemotherapy, end block Resection, and Prosthetic Bone Replacement
in the Treatment of Osteogenic Sarcoma.Cancer. Jan 1976;37(1):1-11.
Simon, M.A. dan Biermann, J.S. Biopsy of Bone and Soft-Tissue Lesions.J Bone Joint
Surg Am. Apr 1993;75(4):616-21.
Vander, Griend R.A. Osteosarcoma and Its variants.Orthop Clin North Am. Jul
1996;27(3):575-81.
Winkler, K. dkk. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Osteogenic Sarcoma: Results of A
Cooperative German/Austrian Study.J Clin Oncol. Jun 1984;2(6):617-24.
Ekondroma
Douglas, M.A. 1994. Fracture in Dorland`s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Edisi ke-28.
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
Eisenberg, R.L. 1987. Fractures and Joint Injuries in Diagnostic Imaging in Surgery. New
York: McGraw-Hill.
Kondroblastoma
Brien, E.W. dkk. Chondroblastoma Arising from A Nonepiphyseal Site.Skeletal Radiol.
Apr 1995;24(3):220-2.
Codman, E.A. The Classic: Epiphyseal Chondromatous Giant Cell Tumors of the Upper
End of the Humerus. Surg Gynecol Obstet.1931;52:543.Clin Orthop Relat Res. Sep
2006;450:12-6.
Jaffe, H.L. dan Lichtenstein L. Benign Chondroblastoma of Bone: a Reinterpretation
of the So-Called Calcifying or Chondromatous Giant Cell Tumor.Am J Pathol.
1942;18:969-91.
Kurt, A.M. dkk. Chondroblastoma of Bone.Orthopedics. Jul 1990;13(7):787-90.
Ramappa, A.J. dkk. Chondroblastoma of Bone.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Agust 2000;82-
A(8):1140-5.
Rybak, L.D. dkk. Chondroblastoma: Radiofrequency Ablation--Alternative to Surgical
Resection in Selected Cases. Radiology. Mei 2009;251(2):599-604.
Sailhan, F. dkk. Chondroblastoma of Bone in A Pediatric Population.J Bone Joint Surg
Am. Sep 2009;91(9):2159-68.
Turcotte, R.E. dkk. Chondroblastoma.Hum Pathol. Sep 1993;24(9):944-9.
Yamamura, S. dkk. Inflammatory Reaction in Chondroblastoma.Skeletal Radiol. Mei
1996;25(4):371-6.
Fibroma Kondromiksoid
Baker, A.C. dkk. Juxtacortical Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Bone: A Unique Variant: A
Case Study of 20 Patients. Am J Surg Pathol. Nov 2007;31(11):1662-8.
Referensi R-85
Durr, H.R. dkk. Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Bone.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.

2000;120(1-2):42-7.
Hristov, B. dkk. The Role of Radiation Treatment in the Contemporary Management of
Bone Tumors.J Natl Compr Canc Netw. Apr 2007;5(4):456-66.
Jaffe, H.L. dan Lichtenstein L. Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Bone: A Distinctive
Benign Tumor Likely to be Mistaken Especially for Chondrosarcoma.Arch Path.
1943;19:541-51.
McGrory, B.J. dkk. Chondromyxoid Fibroma.Orthopedics. Mar 1995;18(3):307-10.
Schutt, P.G. dan Frost H.M. Chondromyxoid Fibroma.Clin Orthop Relat Res.
1971;78:323-9.
Wu, K.K. Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Foot Bones.J Foot Ankle Surg. Sep-Okt
1995;34(5):513-9.
Synovial Chondromatosis
Ackerman, D. dkk. Results of Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasties in Patients with
Synovial Chondromatosis.J Arthroplasty. Apr 2008;23(3):395-400.
Chong, C.C. dkk. Radiotherapy in the Management of Recurrent Synovial
Chondromatosis.Australas Radiol. Feb 2007;51(1):95-8.
Dorfmann, H. dkk. Arthroscopic Treatment of Synovial Chondromatosis of the
Knee.Arthroscopy. 1989;5(1):48-51.
Freeland, A.E. dan Sud V. Joint Synovial Osteochondromatosis Following High-Voltage
Electrical Injury to the Ekstremities.Orthopedics. Agust 2001;24(8):777-82.
Fuerst, M. dkk. Synovial Chondromatosis.Orthopade. Jun 2009;38(6):511-9.
Galat, D.D. dkk. Synovial Chondromatosis of the Foot and Ankle.Foot Ankle Int. Mar
2008;29(3):312-7.
Inoue, K. dkk. Immunohistochemical Identification of Chodrocalcin in Synovial
Chondromatosis.Osteoarthritis Cartilage. Des 1996;4(4):287-8.
Kerimoglu, S. dkk. Synovial Chondromatosis of the Subtalar Joint: A Case Report and
Review of the Literature.J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. Jul-Agust 2008;98(4):318-21.
Krebs, V.E. The Role of Hip Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Synovial Disorders and
Loose Bodies.Clin Orthop Relat Res. Jan 2003;48-59.
Lunn, J.V. dkk. Arthroscopic Synovectomy, Removal of Loose Bodies and Selective
Biceps Tenodesis for Synovial Chondromatosis of the Shoulder.J Bone Joint Surg
Br. Okt 2007;89(10):1329-35.
Samson, L. dkk. Outcome in the Arthroscopic Treatment of Synovial Chondromatosis
of the Knee. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 30 Agust 2005;7(4):391-6.
Osteofibrous Displasia
Campanacci, M. Osteofibrous Dysplasia of Long Bones a New Clinical Entity.Ital J
Orthop Traumatol. Agust 1976;2(2):221-37.
Campanacci, M. dan Laus M. Osteofibrous Dysplasia of the Tibia and Fibula.J Bone
Joint Surg[Am]. Mar 1981;63(3):367-75.
Goergen, T.G. dkk. Long Bone Ossifying Fibromas.Cancer. Mei 1977;39(5):2067-72.
Hahn, S.B. dkk. Treatment of Osteofibrous Dysplasia and Associated Lesions.Yonsei
Med J. 30 Jun 2007;48(3):502-10.
Lee, R.S. dkk. Osteofibrous Dysplasia of the Tibia. Is There a Need for A Radical Surgical
Approach?.J Bone Joint Surg Br. Mei 2006;88(5):658-64.
Mankin, H.J. dkk. Non-Ossifying Fibroma, Fibrous Cortical Defect and Jaffe-Campanacci
Syndrome: A Biologic and Clinical Review.Chir Organi Mov. Mei 2009;93(1):1-7.
Moretti, V.M. dkk. Curettage and Graft Alleviates Athletic-Limiting Pain in Benign
Lytic Bone Lesions.Clin Orthop Relat Res. 12 Mei 2010.
Ozaki, T. dkk. Treatment Outcome of Osteofibrous Dysplasia.J Pediatr Orthop B. Jul
1998;7(3):199-202.
Stephenson, R.B. dkk. Fibrous Dysplasia. An Analysis of Options for Treatment.J Bone
Joint Surg[Am]. Mar 1987;69(3):400-9.
Fibrosarkoma
Hinarejos, P. dkk. Fibrosarcoma at the Site of A Metallic Fixation of the TibiaA Case
Report and Literature Review. Acta Orthop Scand. Jun 2000;71(3):329-32.
Inwards, C.Y. dan Unni K.K. Classification and Grading of Bone Sarcomas.Hematol
Oncol Clin North Am. Jun 1995;9(3):545-69.
Lin, C.N. dkk. Prognostic Factors of Myxofibrosarcomas: Implications of Margin Status,
Tumor Necrosis, and Mitotic Rate on Survival.J Surg Oncol. 15 Mar 2006;93(4):294-
303.
Menon, A.G. dkk. Chromosome 17p Deletions and p53 Gene Mutations Associated
with the Formation of Malignant Neurofibrosarcomas in Von Recklinghausen
Neurofibromatosis.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jul 1990;87(14):5435-9.
Papagelopoulos, P.J. dkk. Primary Fibrosarcoma of Bone. Outcome after Primary Surgical
Treatment.Clin Orthop Relat Res. Apr 2000;88-103.
Peabody, T.D. dkk. Evaluation and Staging of Musculoskeletal Neoplasms.J Bone Joint
Surg Am. Agust 1998;80(8):1204-18.
Russell, H. dkk. Infantile Fibrosarcoma: Clinical and Histologic Responses to Cytotoxic
Chemotherapy.Pediatr Blood Cancer. Jul 2009;53(1):23-7.
Weatherby, R.P. dkk. Postradiation Sarcoma of Bone: Review of 78 Mayo Clinic
Cases.Mayo Clin Proc. Mei 1981;56(5):294-306.
Sarkoma Ewing
Dunst, J. dll. Radiation Therapy in Ewings Sarcoma: An Update of the CESS 86
Trial.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 15 Jul 1995;32(4):919-30.
Referensi R-87
Grier, H.E. dkk. Addition of Ifosfamide and Etoposide to Standard Chemotherapy for
Ewings Sarcoma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of Bone.N Engl J Med.
20 Feb 2003;348(8):694-701.
Meyers, P.A. dkk.High-Dose Melphalan, Etoposide,Total-Body Irradiation, and Autologous
Stem-Cell Reconstitution as Consolidation Therapy for High-Risk Ewings Sarcoma
Does not Improve Prognosis.J Clin Oncol. 1 Jun 2001;19(11):2812-20.
Miser, J.S. dkk. Treatment of Metastatic Ewings Sarcoma or Primitive Neuroectodermal
Tumor of Bone: Evaluation of Combination Ifosfamide and Etoposide--A
Childrens Cancer Group and Pediatric Oncology Group study.J Clin Oncol. 15 Jul
2004;22(14):2873-6.
Paulussen, .M. dkk. Localized Ewing Tumor of Bone: Final Results of the Cooperative
Ewings Sarcoma Study CESS 86.J Clin Oncol. 15 Mar 2001;19(6):1818-29.
Saylors, R.3rd, dkk. Cyclophosphamide Plus Topotecan in Children with Recurrent
or Refractory Solid Tumors: A Pediatric Oncology Group Phase II Study.J Clin
Oncol.1 Agust 2001;19(15):3463-9.
Uren, A. dan Toretsky J.A. Ewings Sarcoma Oncoprotein EWS-FLI1: The Perfect Target
without A Therapeutic Agent.Future Oncol. Aug 2005;1(4):521-8.
Womer. dkk.2007. Hemotherapy Intensification by Interval Compression in Localized Ewing
Sarcoma Family Tumors. Seattle, WA: Connective Tissue Oncology Society Annual
Meeting.
Sarkoma Sel Retikulum

Oberling, C. Les Reticulosarcomes Et Les Reticuloendotheliosarcomes De La Moelle
Osseuse (sarcomes dEwing).Bull Assoc Fr Etude Cancer (Paris). 1928;17:259-296.
Parker, F. dan Jackson H. Primary Reticulum Cell Sarcoma of Bone.Surg Gynecol Obstet.
1939;68:45-53.
Unni, K.K.1996. Dahlins Bone Tumors: General Aspects and Data on 11,087 cases. Edisi
ke-5. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven.
Mieloma multipel
Detailed Guide: Multiple Myeloma What Are the Key Statistics about Multiple
Myeloma?. American Cancer Society, http://bit.ly/dMwLDk, 28 Mei 2009.
Attal, M. dkk. A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Autologous Bone Marrow
Transplantation and Chemotherapy in Multiple Myeloma. Intergroupe Franais
du Mylome.N Engl J Med. 11 Jul 1996;335(2):91-7.
Caers, J. dkk. Multiple Myeloma--An Update on Diagnosis and Treatment.Eur J
Haematol. Nov 2008;81(5):329-43.
Dimopoulos, M. dkk. International Myeloma Working Group Consensus
Statement and Guidelines Regarding the Current Role of Imaging Techniques
in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Multiple Myeloma.Leukemia. Sep

2009;23(9):1545-56.
Dimopoulos, M.A. dkk. Risk of Disease Progression in Asymptomatic Multiple
Myeloma. Am J Med. Jan 1993;94(1):57-61.
Durie, B.G. dan Salmon S.E. A Clinical Staging System for Multiple Myeloma.
Correlation of Measured Myeloma Cell Mass with Presenting Clinical Features,
Response to Treatment, and Survival.Cancer. Sep 1975;36(3):842-54.
Facon, T. dkk. Melphalan and Prednisone plus Thalidomide versus Melphalan and
Prednisone Alone or Reduced-Intensity Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
in Elderly Patients with Multiple Myeloma (IFM 99-06): A Randomised
Trial.Lancet. 6 Okt 2007;370(9594):1209-18.
Greipp, P.R. dkk. International Staging System for Multiple Myeloma.J Clin Oncol.
20 Mei 2005;23(15):3412-20.
Kanis, J.A. dan McCloskey E.V. Bisphosphonates in Multiple Myeloma.Cancer. 15
Jun 2000;88(12 Suppl):3022-32.
Kyle, R.A. dan Rajkumar S.V. Criteria for Diagnosis, Staging, Risk Stratification and
Response Assessment of Multiple myeloma.Leukemia. Jan 2009;23(1):3-9.
Kyle, R.A. dkk. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007 Clinical Practice
Guideline Update on the Role of Bisphosphonates in Multiple Myeloma.J Clin
Oncol. 10 Jun 2007;25(17):2464-72.
Lokhorst, H.M. dkk. Induction Therapy with Vincristine, Adriamycin,
Dexamethasone (VAD) and Intermediate-Dose Melphalan (IDM) Followed
by Autologous or Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed
Multiple Myeloma.Bone Marrow Transplant. Feb 1999;23(4):317-22.
Moreau, P. dkk. Tandem Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in High-Risk de
Novo Multiple Myeloma: Final Results of the Prospective and Randomized IFM
99-04 Protocol.Blood. 1 Jan 2006;107(1):397-403.
Myeloma Trialists Collaborative Group. Combination Chemotherapy versus Melphalan
Plus Prednisone as Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: An Overview of 6,633
Patients from 27 Randomized Trials.J Clin Oncol. Des 1998;16(12):3832-42.
Ocio, E.M. dkk. New Drugs in Multiple Myeloma: Mechanisms of Action and Phase
I/II Clinical Findings.Lancet Oncol. Des 2008;9(12):1157-65.
Palumbo, A. dan Rajkumar S.V. Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Myeloma.Leukemia.
Mar 2009;23(3):449-56.
Palumbo, A. dkk. Melphalan, Prednisone, and Lenalidomide for Newly Diagnosed
Myeloma: Kinetics of Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia and Time-to-Event
Results.Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. Apr 2009;9(2):145-50.
Raab, M.S. dkk. Multiple Myeloma.Lancet. 25 Jul 2009;374(9686):324-39.
Referensi R-89
Rajkumar, S.V. dkk. A Randomized Trial of Lenalidomide Plus High-Dose

Dexamethasone (RD) Versus Lenalidomide Plus Low-Dose Dexamethasone
(Rd) in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (E4A03): A Trial Coordinated
by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [abstract 74].Blood.
2007;11(1):110:31a.
Richardson, P.G. dkk. A Phase 2 Study of Bortezomib in Relapsed, Refractory
Myeloma.N Engl J Med. 26 Jun 2003;348(26):2609-17.
Rodon, P. Management and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma in Elderly Patients.Ann
Long-Term Care. 2002;10:20-7.
Zucchelli, P. dkk. Controlled Plasma Exchange Trial in Acute Renal Failure due to
Multiple Myeloma.Kidney Int. Jun 1988;33(6):1175-80.
Limfoma Maligna
Anderson, J.R. dkk. Epidemiology of the Non-Hodgkins Lymphomas: Distributions of
the Major Subtypes Differ by Geographic Locations. Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Classification Project.Ann Oncol. Jul 1998;9(7):717-20.
Armitage, J.O. dan Weisenburger D.D. New Approach to Classifying Non-Hodgkins
Lymphomas: Clinical Features of the Major Histologic Subtypes. Non-Hodgkins
Lymphoma Classification Project.J Clin Oncol. Agust 1998;16(8):2780-95.
Bilora, F. dkk.Are Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin Patients at A Greater Risk of Atherosclerosis?
A Follow-Up of 3 Years.Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 26 Agust 2009.
Blay, J. dkk. The International Prognostic Index Correlates to Survival in Patients
with Aggressive Lymphoma in Relapse: Analysis of the PARMA Trial. Parma
Group.Blood. 15 Nov 1998;92(10):3562-8.
Cheson, B.D. dkk. Report of An International Workshop to Standardize Response
Criteria for Non-Hodgkins Lymphomas. NCI Sponsored International Working
Group.J Clin Oncol. Apr 1999;17(4):1244.
Drake, M.T. dkk. Vitamin D Insufficiency and Prognosis in Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma.J
Clin Oncol. 20 Sep 2010;28(27):4191-8.
Fisher, R.I. Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma: Approaches to Current Therapy.Oncology.
1998;12:9-76.
Fisher, R.I. dkk. Comparison of A Standard Regimen (CHOP) with Three Intensive
Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma.N Engl J Med.
8 Apr 1993;328(14):1002-6.
Horvath, B. dkk. Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Remission after Rituximab-
Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisolone Chemotherapy.J
Am Acad Dermatol. 24 Jul 2009.
Hsia, C.C. dkk. Hodgkin Lymphoma with Cutaneous Involvement.Dermatol Online
J. 15 Mei 2009;15(5):5.
Mac Manus, MP. dkk. What Is the Prognosis for Patients Who Relapse after Primary
Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Low-Grade Follicular Lymphoma?.Int J Radiat
Oncol Biol Phys. 1 Sep 1998;42(2):365-71.
Majhail, N.S. dkk. Long-Term Survival and Late Relapse in 2-Year Survivors of
Autologous Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin
Lymphoma.Br J Haematol. 1 Jul 2009.
Milpied, N. dkk. Initial Treatment of Aggressive Lymphoma with High-Dose
Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Support.N Engl J Med. 25 Mar
2004;350(13):1287-95.
Rohatiner, A.Z. 2000. New Approaches in Follicular Lymphoma. American Society of
Clinical Oncology Educational Book. Alexandria, Va: American Society of Clinical
Oncology.
Von Falck, C. dkk. F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose Positron Emission Tomography/
Computed Tomography for the Detection of Radicular and Peripheral
Neurolymphomatosis: Correlation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and
ultrasound.Clin Nucl Med. Agust 2009;34(8):493-5.
Vose, J.M. Current Approaches to the Management of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma.Semin
Oncol. Agust 1998;25(4):483-91.
Zhang, Q.Y. dan Foucar K. Bone Marrow Involvement by Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin
Lymphomas.Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. Agust 2009;23(4):873-902.
Osteoklastoma (Giant Cells Tumor)

Bennett, C.J.Jr. dkk. Radiation Therapy for Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.Int J Radiat Oncol
Biol Phys. 20 Mei 1993;26(2):299-304.
Blackley, H.R. dkk. Treatment of Giant-Cell Tumors of Long Bones with Curettage and
Bone-Grafting.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jun 1999;81(6):811-20.
Campanacci, M. dkk. Curettage of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone. Reconstruction with
Subchondral Grafts and Cement.Chir Organi Mov. 1990;75(1 Suppl):212-3.
Campanacci, M. dkk. Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jan
1987;69(1):106-14.
Cheng, J.C. dan Johnston J.O. Giant Cell Tumor of Bone. Prognosis and Treatment of
Pulmonary Metastases.Clin Orthop. Mei 1997;(338):205-14.
Frassica, F.J. dkk. Subchondral Replacement: A Comparative Analysis of Reconstruction
with Methyl Methacrylate or Autogenous Bone Graft.Chir Organi Mov. 1990;75(1
Suppl):189-90.
Kocher, M.S. dkk. Reconstruction of the Distal Aspect of the Radius with Use of an
osteoarticular allograft after excision of a skeletal tumor.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Mar
1998;80(3):407-19.
Kreicbergs, A. dkk. Curettage of Benign Lesions of Bone. Factors related to Recurrence.Int
Orthop. 1985;8(4):287-94.
Referensi R-91
McCarthy, E.F. Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone: An Historical Perspective.Clin Orthop.

Nov-Des 1980;(153):14-25.
McDonald, D.J. dkk. Giant-Cell tumor of Bone.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Feb
1986;68(2):235-42.
Muscolo, D.L. dkk. The Use of A Bone Allograft for Reconstruction after Resection of Giant-
Cell Tumor Close to the Knee.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Nov 1993;75(11):1656-62.
Rock, M.G. dkk. Metastases from Histologically Benign Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone.J
Bone Joint Surg Am. Feb 1984;66(2):269-74.
Schwartz, L.H. dkk. Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Difficult Giant Cell
Tumors.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Nov 1989;17(5):1085-8.
Turcotte, R.E. Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.Orthop Clin North Am. Jan 2006;37(1):35-51.
Hemangioma
Heyd, R. dkk. Radiotherapy for Symptomatic Vertebral Hemangiomas: Results of A
Multicenter Study and Literature Review.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1 Mei
2010;77(1):217-25.
Melman, L. dan Johnson F.E. Intramuscular cavernous Hemangioma.Am J Surg. Jun
2008;195(6):816-7.
Muramatsu, K. dkk. Intramuscular Hemangioma of the Upper Extremity in Infants and
Children.J Pediatr Orthop. Apr-Mei 2008;28(3):387-90.
Oumakhir, S. dkk. Synovial Hemangioma of the Ankle.Foot (Edinb). Mar 2010;20(1):42-3.
Price, N.J. dan Cundy P.J. Synovial Hemangioma of the Knee.J Pediatr Orthop. Jan-Feb
1997;17(1):74-7.
Smolinski, K.N. dan Yan A.C. Hemangiomas of Infancy: Clinical and Biological
Characteristics.Clin Pediatr (Phila). Nov-Des 2005;44(9):747-66.
Sung, K.S. dkk. The Diagnostic Value of Needle Biopsy for Musculoskeletal Lesions.Int
Orthop. Des 2009;33(6):1701-6.
Unni, K.K. dkk. Hemangioma, Hemangiopericytoma, and Hemangioendothelioma
(Angiosarcoma) of Bone. Cancer. Jun 1971;27(6):1403-14.
Wild, A.T. dkk. Hemangioma of Skeletal Muscle.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2000;120(3-
4):139-43.
Yu, L. dkk. Solitary Giant Hemangioma of the Humerus.Orthopedics. Des
2009;32(12):925-8.
Zbojniewicz, A.M. dkk. Neoplastic Disease of the Vertebral Column: Radiologic-
Pathologic Correlation.Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. Mar-Apr 2010;39(2):74-90.
Angiosarkoma (Hemangioedothelioma)
Budd, G.T. Management of Angiosarcoma.Curr Oncol Rep. 2002;4(6):515-519.
DeVita, V.T.Jr. dkk (eds).2008. Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology. Edisi ke-8.
Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Espat, N.J. dkk. Confirmed Angiosarcoma: Prognostic Factors and Outcome in 50
Prospectively Followed Patients.Sarcoma. 2000;4(4):173-7.
Huang, J. dan Mackillop W.J. Increased Risk of Soft Tissue Sarcoma after Radiotherapy
in Women with Breast Carcinoma.Cancer. 2001;Jul 1;92(1):172-80.
Liekens S. dkk. Potent Inhibition of Hemangiosarcoma Development in Mice by
Cidofovir.Int J Cancer. 15 Apr 2001;92(2):161-7.
Meis-Kindblom, J.M. dan Kindblom L.G. Angiosarcoma of Soft Tissue: A Study of
80 Cases.Am J Surg Pathol. Jun 1998;22(6):683-97.
USA: National Cancer Institute (NCI). 2000-2004. The Surveillance, Epidemiology,
and End Results (SEER) Program. http://seer.cancer.gov/.
Virtanen, A. dkk. Angiosarcoma after Radiotherapy: A Cohort Study of 332 163
Finnish Cancer Patients.The British Journal of Cancer. Jul 2007;97:115.
Vogt, T. dkk. Antiangiogenetic Therapy with Pioglitazone, Rofecoxib, and Metronomic
Trofosfamidein Patients with Advanced Malignant Vascular Tumors.Cancer. 15
Nov 2003;98(10):2251-6.
Neuroblastoma
Attiyeh, E.F. dkk. Chromosome 1p and 11q Deletions and Outcome in
Neuroblastoma.N Engl J Med. 24 Nov 2005;353(21):2243-53.
Baker, D.L. dkk. Outcome after Reduced Chemotherapy for Intermediate-Risk
Neuroblastoma.N Engl J Med. 30 Sep 2010;363(14):1313-23.
Bowman, L.C. dkk. Genetic Staging of Unresectable or Metastatic Neuroblastoma
in Infants: A Pediatric Oncology Group Study.J Natl Cancer Inst. 5 Mar
1997;89(5):373-80.
Brodeur, G.M. Molecular Pathology of Human Neuroblastomas.Semin Diagn
Pathol. Mei 1994;11(2):118-25.
Brodeur, G.M. dkk. Revisions of the International Criteria for Neuroblastoma
Diagnosis, Staging, and Response to Treatment.J Clin Oncol. Agust
1993;11(8):1466-77.
Chan, H.S. dkk. Diagnosis and Reversal of Multidrug Resistance in Paediatric
Cancers.Eur J Cancer. Jun 1996;32A(6):1051-61.
Cohn, S.L. dkk. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) Classification
System: An INRG Task Force Report.J Clin Oncol. 10 Jan 2009;27(2):289-97.
Gilbert, F. Solid Tumors of Children: Chromosome Abnormalities and the
Development of Cancer.J Cell Physiol Suppl. 1984;3:165-70.
Referensi R-93
Helson, L. Neuroblastoma Spinal Cord Compression (Review).Anticancer Res. Sep-

Okt 1983;3(5):317-22.
Look, A.T. dkk. Clinical Relevance of Tumor Cell Ploidy and N-Myc Gene
Amplification in Childhood Neuroblastoma: A Pediatric Oncology Group
Study.J Clin Oncol. Apr 1991;9(4):581-91.
Maris, J.M. dkk. Neuroblastoma.Lancet. 23 Jun 2007;369(9579):2106-20.
Monclair, T. dkk. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) Staging
System: An INRG Task Force report.J Clin Oncol. 10 Jan 2009;27(2):298-303.
Mosse, Y.P. dkk. Identification of ALK as A Major Familial Neuroblastoma
Predisposition Gene.Nature. 16 Okt 2008;455(7215):930-5.
National Cancer Institute. SEER Pediatric Monograph. National Cancer Institute.
http://www-seer.ims.nci.nih.gov/Publications/PedMono/sympathetic.pdf, 25 Februari
2002.
Nitschke, R. dkk. Localized Neuroblastoma Treated by Surgery: A Pediatric Oncology
Group Study.J Clin Oncol. Agust 1988;6(8):1271-9.
Shimada, H. dkk. Histopathologic Prognostic Factors in Neuroblastic Tumors:
Definition of Subtypes of Ganglioneuroblastoma and An Age-Linked Classification
of Neuroblastomas.J Natl Cancer Inst. Agust 1984;73(2):405-16.
Shimada, H. dkk. Terminology and Morphologic Criteria of Neuroblastic
Tumors: Recommendations by the International Neuroblastoma Pathology
Committee.Cancer. 15 Jul 1999;86(2):349-63.
Stiller, C.A. dan Parkin D.M. International Variations in the Incidence of
Neuroblastoma.International Journal of Cancer. 1992;52:538-543.
Referensi Bab
11
Trauma muskuloskeletal
Frost, H.M. The Biology of Fracture Healing. An Overview for Clinicians. Part I.Clin
Orthop Relat Res. Nov 1989;248:283-93.
Guzman, J. dkk. A New Conceptual Model of Neck Pain: Linking Onset, Course, and
Care: The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its
Associated Disorders.J Manipulative Physiol Ther. Feb 2009;32(2 Suppl):S17-28.
Hansen, S.T. dan Swiontkowski, M.F.Orthopaedic Trauma Protocols. Raven Press.
1993:86-87.
Roberts, J.R. dan Hedges J.R. (ed).2003. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. Edisi
ke-4. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Schmeling, G.J. dan Schwab J.P. Polytrauma Care. The Effect of Head Injuries and
Timing of Skeletal Fixation.Clin Orthop Relat Res. Sep 1995;318:106-16.
Shoulder Complaints. Elk Grove Village (IL): American College of Occupational and
Environmental Medicine (ACOEM); 2004.
Simon, R.R. dkk.1987. Emergency Orthopedics: The Extremities. Edisi ke-2. Appleton &
Lange.
Moran, D.S. dkk. Prediction Model for Stress Fracture in Young Female Recruits during
Basic Training.Med Sci Sports Exerc. Nov 2008;40(11 Suppl):S636-44.
Gambaran Umum Fraktur

American College of Surgeons. 2004. Advanced Trauma Life Support for Doctors (ATLS):
Student Course Manual. Edisi ke-7. Chicago, Ill: American College of Surgeons.
Brumback, R.J. dan Jones A.L. Interobserver Agreement in the Classification of Open
Fractures of the Tibia. The Results of A Survey of Two Hundred and Forty-Five
Orthopaedic Surgeons. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Agust 1994;76(8):1162-6.
Bucholz, R.W. dkk (eds). 2005. Rockwood & Greens Fractures in Adults. Edisi ke-6.
Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Canale, S.T. 2003. Campbells Operative Orthopaedics. Edisi ke-10. St Louis, Mo: Mosby
Year Book.
R-95
Evans, F.G. Relation of the Physical Properties of Bone to Fractures. Instr Course Lect.
1961;18:110-21.
Freeman, B.L. dkk (eds). 1993. Fractures and Dislocations.
Gustilo, R.B. dkk. The Management of Open Fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Feb
1990;72(2):299-304.
Hansen, S.T. dan Swiontkowski MF. Orthopaedic Trauma Protocols. Raven Press.
1993:86-87.
Hernandez, Avila M. dkk. Caffeine, Moderate Alcohol Intake, and Risk of Fractures of the
Hip and Forearm in Middle-Aged Women. Am J Clin Nutr. Jul 1991;54(1):157-63.
Kwiatkowski, T.C. dkk. Cigarette Smoking and Its Orthopedic Consequences. Am J
Orthop. Sep 1996;25(9):590-7.
Lidgren, L. The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010. Bull World Health Organ. Sept
2003;81(9):629.
Roberts, C.S. dkk. Damage Control Orthopaedics: Evolving Concepts in the Treatment of
Patients Who Have Sustained Orthopaedic Trauma. Instr Course Lect. 2005;54:447-62.
Rockwood, C.A.Jr dkk. (eds). 1996. Rockwood and Greens Fractures in Adults. Edisi ke-4.
Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven.
Ruedi, T.P. dkk. (eds). 2007. AO Principles of Fracture Management. Edisi ke-2. New York,
NY: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc.
Tscherne, H. dan Oestern HJ. A New Classification of Soft-Tissue Damage in Open
and Closed Fractures (Authors Transl). Unfallheilkunde. Mar 1982;85(3):111-5.
Jerman.
Wagner, F. dan Frigg R. dkk. 2006. AO Manual of Fracture Management: Internal Fixators.
New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Zimmerli, W. dkk. Prosthetic-Joint Infections. N Engl J Med. 14 Okt
2004;351(16):1645-54.
Fraktur Stres
Beck, T.J. dkk. Stress Fracture in Military Recruits: Gender Differences in Muscle and
Bone Susceptibility Factors. Bone. Sep 2000;27(3):437-44.
Bennell, K. dkk. Risk Factors for Stress Fractures. Sports Med. Agust 1999;28(2):91-122.
Bennell, K.L. dkk. Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Female Track-And-Field Athletes:
A Retrospective Analysis. Clin J Sport Med. Okt 1995;5(4):229-35.
DeLee, J.C. dkk. Stress Fracture of the Fifth Metatarsal. Am J Sports Med. Sep-Okt
1983;11(5):349-53.
Dugan, S.A. dan Weber K.M. Stress Fractures and Rehabilitation. Phys Med Rehabil
Clin N Am. Agust 2007;18(3):401-16.
Giladi, M. dkk. Stress Fractures. Identifiable Risk Factors. Am J Sports Med. Nov-Des
1991;19(6):647-52.
Referensi R-97
Kurklu, M. dkk. Stress Fracture of Bilateral Tibial Metaphysis Due to Ceremonial March
Training: A Case Report. Cases J. Jan 4 2010;3:3.
Markey, K.L. Stress Fractures. Clin Sports Med. Apr 1987;6(2):405-25.
Reeder, M.T. dkk. Stress Fractures. Current Concepts of Diagnosis and Treatment.
Sports Med. Sep 1996;22(3):198-212.
Scully, T.J. dan Besterman, G. Stress Fracture--A Preventable Training Injury. Mil Med.
Apr 1982;147(4):285-7.
Umans, H. dan Pavlov H. Stress Fractures of the Lower Extremities. Semin Roentgenol.
Apr 1994;29(2):176-93.
Gambaran Umum Dislokasi

Freeman, B.L. dkk. (eds). 1993. Fractures and Dislocations.
Handoll, H.H. dkk. Surgical Versus Non-Surgical Treatment for Acute Anterior Shoulder
Dislocation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD004325.
Hansen, S.T. dan Swiontkowski M.F. Orthopaedic Trauma Protocols. Raven Press.
1993:86-87.
Kroner, K. dkk. The Epidemiology of Shoulder Dislocations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.
1989;108(5):288-90.
Roberts, J.R. dan Hedges J.R. (eds). 2003. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. Edisi
ke-4. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Shoulder Complaints. Elk Grove Village (IL): American College of Occupational and
Environmental Medicine (ACOEM); 2004.
Simon, R.R. dkk. 1987. Emergency Orthopedics: The Extremities. Edisi ke-2. Appleton
& Lange.
Dislokasi Hip
Brooks, R.A. dan Ribbans W.J. Diagnosis and Imaging Studies of Traumatic Hip
Dislocations in the Adult.Clin Orthop Relat Res. Agust 2000;(377):15-23.
Conway, W.F. dkk. CT and MR Imaging of the Hip.Radiology. Feb 1996;198(2):297-
307.
DeLee, J.C. 1196. Fracture and Dislocation of the Hip. Editor: Rockwood C.A. dkk.
(eds).Fractures in Adults. Edisi ke-4. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
DeSmet, A.A. dkk. Avascular Necrosis of the Hip. Reston (VA): American College of
Radiology (ACR). 2005.
Goddard, N.J. Classification of Traumatic Hip Dislocation.Clin Orthop Relat Res. Agust
2000;11-4.
Hillyard, R.F. dan Fox J. Sciatic Nerve Injuries Associated with Traumatic Posterior Hip
Dislocations.Am J Emerg Med. Nov 2003;21(7):545-8.
McNamara, R. 2004. Management of Common Dislocation: Hip Dislocations. Editor:

Roberts J. dan Hedges J. (ed).Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. Edisi ke-4.
Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co.
Morrey, B.F. Instability After Total Hip Arthroplasty.Orthop Clin North Am. Apr
1992;23(2):237-48.
Nordt, W.E.3rd. Maneuvers for Reducing Dislocated Hips. A New Technique and A
Literature Review.Clin Orthop Relat Res. Mar 1999;260-4.
Sahin, V. dkk. Traumatic Dislocation and Fracture-dislocation of the Hip: A Long-Term
Follow-Up Study.J Trauma. Mar 2003;54(3):520-9.
United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). 2006. Screening for
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Recommendation Statement.
Walden, P.D. dan Hamer J.R. Whistler Technique used to Reduce Traumatic Dislocation
of the hip in the Emergency Department Setting.J Emerg Med. Mei-Jun
1999;17(3):441-4.
Yang, E.C. dan Cornwall R. Initial Treatment of Traumatic Hip Dislocations in the
Adult.Clin Orthop Relat Res. Agust 2000;24-31.
Dislokasi lutut
Eranki, V. dkk. Outcomes of Operatively Treated Acute Knee Dislocations. Open Orthop
J. 19 Jan 2010;4:22-30.
Girgis, F.G. dkk. The Cruciate Ligaments of the Knee Joint. Anatomical, Functional, and
Experimental Analysis. Clin Orthop. Jan-Feb 1975;(106):216-31.
Kennedy, J.C. Complete Dislocation of the Knee Joint. J Bone Joint Surg. 1963;45(5):889-
904.
Mariani, P.P. dkk. Comparison of Surgical Treatments for Knee Dislocation. Am J Knee
Surg. Fall 1999;12(4):214-21.
Noyes, F.R. dan Barber-Westin SD. Reconstruction of the Anterior and Posterior Cruciate
Ligaments after Knee Dislocation. Use of Early Protected Postoperative Motion to
Decrease Arthrofibrosis. Am J Sports Med. Nov-Des 1997;25(6):769-78.
Patterson, B.M. dkk. Knee Dislocations with Vascular Injury: Outcomes in the Lower
Extremity Assessment Project (LEAP) Study. J Trauma. Okt 2007;63(4):855-8.
Seroyer, S.T. dkk. Management of the Acute Knee Dislocation: The Pittsburgh
Experience. Injury. Jul 2008;39(7):710-8.
Shearer, D. dkk. Dislocation of the Knee: Imaging Findings. J Spec Oper Med. Winter
2010;10(1):43-7.
Sisto, D.J. dan Warren R.F. Complete Knee Dislocation. A Follow-Up Study of Operative
Treatment. Clin Orthop. Sep 1985;(198):94-101.
Treiman, G.S. dkk. Examination of the Patient with A Knee Dislocation. The Case For
Selective Arteriography. Arch Surg. Sep 1992;127(9):1056-62; discussion 1062-3.
Referensi R-99
Dislokasi pergelangan kaki
Agrawal, A.C. dkk. Closed Posterior Dislocation of the Ankle without Fracture. Indian
J Orthop. Jul 2008;42(3):360-2.
Camarda, L. dkk. Posterior Subtalar Dislocation. Orthopedics. Jul 2009;32(7):530.
Daffner, R.H. Ankle Trauma. Semin Roentgenol. Apr 1994;29(2):134-51.
Greenbaum, M.A. dan Pupp G.R. Ankle Dislocation without Fracture: An Unusual Case
Report. J Foot Surg. Mei-Jun 1992;31(3):238-40.
Merianos, P. dkk. Peritalar Dislocation: A Follow-up Report of 21 Cases. Injury. Nov
1988;19(6):439-42.
Moehring, H.D. dkk. Ankle Dislocation. J Orthop Trauma. 1994;8(2):167-72.
Schuberth, J.M. Diagnosis of Ankle Injuries: The Essentials. J Foot Ankle Surg. Mar-Apr
1994;33(2):214.
Thangarajah, T. dkk. Bilateral Ankle Dislocation without Malleolar Fracture. J Foot Ankle
Surg. Sep-Okt 2008;47(5):441-6.
Wehner, J. dan Lorenz M. Lateral Ankle Dislocation without Fracture. J Orthop Trauma.
1990;4(3):362-5.
Wilson, A.B. dan Toriello E.A. Lateral Rotatory Dislocation of the Ankle without
Fracture. J Orthop Trauma. 1991;5(1):93-5.
Wilson, M. dkk. Ankle Dislocations without Fracture. JBJS. January 1939;21:198-
204.
Wroble, R.R. dkk. Ankle Dislocation without Fracture. Foot Ankle. Okt 1988;9(2):64-
74.
Dislokasi Bahu
Begaz, T. dan Mycyk, M.B. Luxatio Erecta: Inferior Humeral Dislocation. J Emerg Med.
Okt 2006;31(3):303-4.
Cunningham, N.J. Techniques for Reduction of Anteroinferior Shoulder Dislocation.
Emerg Med Australas. Okt-Des 2005;17(5-6):463-71.
Groh, G.I. dkk. Results of Treatment of Luxatio Erecta (Inferior Shoulder Dislocation).
J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 15 Okt 2009.
Handoll, H.H. dkk. Surgical versus Non-Surgical Treatment for Acute Anterior Shoulder
Dislocation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD004325.
Hansen, S.T. dan Swiontkowski M.F. Orthopaedic Trauma Protocols. Raven Press.
1993:86-87.
Hovelius, L. Incidence of Shoulder Dislocation in Sweden. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Jun
1982;(166):127-31.
Kroner, K. dkk. The Epidemiology of Shoulder Dislocations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.
1989;108(5):288-90.
Mirick, M.J. dkk. External Rotation Method of Shoulder Dislocation Reduction. JACEP.
Des 1979;8(12):528-31.
Sagarin, M.J. Best of Both (BOB) Maneuver for Rapid Reduction of Anterior Shoulder
Dislocation. J Emerg Med. Okt 2005;29(3):313-6.
Summers, A. Shoulder Dislocation: Reduction without Sedation in the Emergency
Department. Emerg Nurse. Apr 2007;15(1):24-8.
Vastamaki, M. Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation. A Review. Ann Chir Gynaecol.
1996;85(2):133-6.
Yamamoto, T. dkk. Luxatio Erecta (Inferior Dislocation of the Shoulder): A Report of 5
Cases and A Review of the Literature. Am J Orthop. Des 2003;32(12):601-3.
Dislokasi Siku
Cardone, D.A. dan Tallia A.F. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Injection of the Elbow
Region. Am Fam Physician. 1 Des 2002;66(11):2097-100.
Duckworth, A.D. dkk. Unstable Elbow Dislocations. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. Mar-Apr
2008;17(2):281-6.
Forthman, C. dkk. Elbow Dislocation with Intra-Articular Fracture: The Results of
Operative Treatment without Repair of the medial Collateral Ligament. J Hand
Surg [Am]. Okt 2007;32(8):1200-9.
Lattanza, L.L. dan Keese G. Elbow Instability in Children. Hand Clin. Feb
2008;24(1):139-52.
Martin, B.D. dkk. Complications Related to Simple Dislocations of the Elbow. Hand
Clin. Feb 2008;24(1):9-25.
Marx, J.A. dkk. (eds). 2002. Rosens Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice.
Edisi ke-5. St Louis, Mo: Mosby, Inc.
Mehta, J.A. dan Bain G.I. Elbow Dislocations in Adults and Children. Clin Sports Med.
Okt 2004;23(4):609-27, ix.
Roberts, J.R. dan Hedges R.J. 2004. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. Edisi ke-4.
Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier.
Ross, G. Acute Elbow Dislocation. The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 1999;27(2):121.
Sindrom Kompartemen
Bywaters, E.G. dan Beall D. 1941. Crush Injuries with Impairment of Renal Function.
J Am Soc Nephrol. Feb 1998;9(2):322-32.
Daniels, M. dkk. Mannitol Treatment for Acute Compartment Syndrome. Nephron.
Agust 1998;79(4):492-3.
Feliciano, D.V. dkk. Fasciotomy after Trauma to the Extremities. Am J Surg. Des
1988;156(6):533-6.
Referensi R-101
Field, C.K. dkk. Fasciotomy in Vascular Trauma: Is It Too Much, Too Often?. Am Surg.
Jun 1994;60(6):409-11.
Hargens, A.R.dkk. Fluid Balance within the Canine Anterolateral Compartment
and Its Relationship To Compartment Syndromes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jun
1978;60(4):499-505.
Harris, I.A. dkk. Continuous Compartment Pressure Monitoring for Tibia Fractures:
Does It Influence Outcome?. J Trauma. Jun 2006;60(6):1330-5; discussion 1335.
Mars, M. dan Hadley, G.P. Failure of pulse Oximetry in the Assessment of Raised Limb
Intracompartmental Pressure. Injury. Agust 1994;25(6):379-81.
Matsen, F.A. dkk. Diagnosis and Management of Compartmental Syndromes. J Bone
Joint Surg Am. Mar 1980;62(2):286-91.
Matsen, F.A.3rd. dkk. Monitoring of Intramuscular Pressure. Surgery. Jun
1976;79(6):702-9.
McQueen, M.M. dan Court-Brown C.M. Compartment Monitoring in Tibial Fractures. The
Pressure Threshold for Decompression. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Jan 1996;78(1):99-104.
McQueen, M.M. dkk. Acute Compartment Syndrome. Who Is At risk?. J Bone Joint
Surg Br. Mar 2000;82(2):200-3.
McQueen, M.M. dkk. Compartment Monitoring in Tibial Fractures. The Pressure
Threshold for Decompression. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Jan 1996;78(1):99-104.
Mubarak, S.J. dan Hargens A.R. Acute Compartment Syndromes. Surg Clin North Am.
Jun 1983;63(3):539-65.
Owen, C.A. dkk. Intramuscular Pressures with Limb Compression Clarification of the
Pathogenesis of the Drug-Induced Muscle-Compartment Syndrome. N Engl J Med.
24 Mei 1979;300(21):1169-72.
Pedowitz, R.A. dkk. Modified Criteria for the Objective Diagnosis of Chronic Compartment
Syndrome of the Leg. Am J Sports Med. Jan-Feb 1990;18(1):35-40.
Rorabeck, C.H. dan Macnab I. The Pathophysiology of the Anterior Tibial Compartmental
Syndrome. Clin Orthop. Nov-Des 1975;(113):52-7.
Styf, J. dan Wiger P. Abnormally Increased Intramuscular Pressure in Human Legs:
Comparison of Two Experimental Models. J Trauma. Jul 1998;45(1):133-9.
Tornetta, P. dan Templeman D. Compartment Syndrome Associated with Tibial
Fracture. Instr Course Lect. 1997;46:303-8.
Ulmer, T. The Clinical Diagnosis of Compartment Syndrome of the Lower Leg: Are Clinical
Findings Predictive of the Disorder?. J Orthop Trauma. Sep 2002;16(8):572-7.
Wattel, F. dkk. Acute Peripheral Ischaemia and Compartment Syndromes: A Role for
Hyperbaric Oxygenation. Anaesthesia. Mei 1998;53 Suppl 2:63-5.
Whitesides, T.E.Jr. dkk. A Simple Method for Tissue Pressure Determination. Arch Surg.
Nov 1975;110(11):1311-3.
Injuri Saraf Perifer

Ducic, I. dkk. The Role of Peripheral Nerve Surgery in the Management of Painful Chronic
Wounds: Indications and Outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg. Jul 2008;122(1):193-7.
Elfar, J.C. dkk. Erythropoietin Accelerates Functional Recovery After Peripheral Nerve
Injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Agust 2008;90(8):1644-53.
Filippou, G. dkk. Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: How Frequent is the Idiopathic Form?
An Ultrasonographic Study in A Cohort of Patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Jan-Feb
2010;28(1):63-7.
Isaacs, J. Treatment of Acute Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Current Concepts. J Hand Surg
Am. Mar 2010;35(3):491-7; quiz 498.
Mackinnon, S.E. dan Dellon A.L. 1988. Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve.
Noble, J. dkk. Analysis of Upper and Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Injuries in A
Population of Patients with Multiple Injuries. J Trauma. Jul 1998;45(1):116-22.
Omer, G.E. dkk. 1998. Management of Peripheral Nerve Problems.
Radtke, C. dan Vogt P.M. Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Current Perspective.
Eplasty. 12 Okt 2009;9:e47.
Sanders, V.M. dan Jones K.J. Role of Immunity in Recovery from A Peripheral Nerve
Injury. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. Mar 2006;1(1):11-9.
Seddon, H.J. Three Types of Nerve Injuries. Brain. 1943;66:237.
Sunderland, S. 1978. Nerve and Nerve Injuries.
Taras, J.S. dan Jacoby S.M. Repair of Lacerated Peripheral Nerves with Nerve Conduits.
Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. Jun 2008;12(2):100-6.
Tung, T.H. dan Mackinnon S.E. Nerve Transfers: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes.
J Hand Surg Am. Feb 2010;35(2):332-41.
Ruptur Tendon Achiles

Bring, D.K. dkk. Joint Immobilization Reduces the Expression of Sensory Neuropeptide
Receptors and Impairs Healing After Tendon Rupture in A Rat Model. J Orthop
Res. 24 Jul 2008;epub ahead of print.
Chalmers, J. Review Article: Treatment of Achilles Tendon Ruptures. J Orthop Surg
(Hong Kong). Jun 2000;8(1):97-99.
Keene, J.S. 1994. Tendon Injuries of the Foot and Ankle. Editor: DeLee, J.C. dan Drez
D. Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders.
Khan, R.J. dkk. Treatment of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures. A Meta-Analysis of
Randomized, Controlled Trials?. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Okt 2005;87(10):2202-10.
Maffulli, N. Rupture of the Achilles Tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jul 1999;81(7):1019-36.
Maffulli, N. dan Ajis A. Management of Chronic Ruptures of the Achilles Tendon. J
Bone Joint Surg Am. Jun 2008;90(6):1348-60.
Referensi R-103
Pajala, A. dkk. Augmented Compared with Nonaugmented Surgical Repair of A Fresh

Total Achilles Tendon Rupture. A Prospective Randomized Study. J Bone Joint Surg
Am. Mei 2009;91(5):1092-100.
Saltzman, C.L. dan Tearse D.S. Achilles Tendon Injuries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Sep-
Okt 1998;6(5):316-25.
Ruptur Tendon Patela

Alexa, O. dan Cozma T. Traumatic Bilateral Rupture of the Patellar Tendon in An
Apparently Healthy Patient. Chirurgia (Bucur). Mar-Apr 2009;104(2):231-4.
Bonamo, J.J. dkk. Rupture of the Patellar Ligament After Use of Its Central Third for
Anterior Cruciate Reconstruction. A Report of Two Cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am.
Okt 1984;66(8):1294-7.
Brooks, P. Extensor Mechanism Ruptures. Orthopedics. Sep 2009;32(9).
Emerson, R.H.Jr. dkk. Reconstruction of Patellar Tendon Rupture After Total
Knee Arthroplasty with An Extensor Mechanism Allograft. Clin Orthop. Nov
1990;(260):154-61.
Pritchard, C.H. dan Berney S. Patellar Tendon Rupture in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
J Rheumatol. Jun 1989;16(6):786-8.
Ramseier, L.E. dkk. Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Rupture. Injury. Jun
2006;37(6):516-9.
Scuderi, G.S. dan Easley M.E. 2001. Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Disruptions. Surgery
of the Knee. Editor: Scott W.N. Edisi ke-3. WB Saunders.
Siwek, C.W. dan Rao J.P. Ruptures of the Extensor Mechanism of the Knee Joint. J
Bone Joint Surg Am. Jul 1981;63(6):932-7.
West, J.L. dkk. Early Motion After Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Repairs: Outcomes
with Single-Suture Augmentation. Am J Sports Med. Feb 2008;36(2):316-23.
Williams, R.J.3rd. dkk. Reconstruction of the Patellar Tendon using A Patella-Quadriceps
Tendon Autograft. Orthopedics. Jun 1997;20(6):554-8.
Referensi Bab
12
Beecroft, M. dan Sherman S.C. Posterior Displacement of A Proximal Epiphyseal
Clavicle Fracture.J Emerg Med. Okt 2007;33(3):245-8.
Bright, R.W. 1991. Physeal Injuries. Fractures: Fractures in Children.Edisi ke-3.
Lippincott-Raven.
Brighton, C.T. Longitudinal Bone Growth: The Growth Plate and Its
Dysfunctions.Instructional Course Lectures. 1987;36:3-25.
Brighton, C.T. Structure and Function of the Growth Plate.Clin Orthop. Okt
1978;(136):22-32.
Canale, S.T. 1997. Physeal Injuries. Skeletal Trauma in Children. Editor: Lampert R.Edisi
ke-2. WB Saunders Co.
Cutler, L. dkk. Do CT Scans Aid Assessment of Distal Tibial Physeal Fractures?.J Bone
Joint Surg Br. Mar 2004;86(2):239-43.
Havranek, P. dan Pesl T. Salter (Rang) Type 6 Physeal Injury.Eur J Pediatr Surg. Mei
2010;20(3):174-7.
Langenskiold, A. Role of the Ossification Groove of Ranvier in Normal and Pathologic
Bone Growth: A Review.J Pediatr Orthop. MarApr 1998;18(2):173-7.
Lee, S.H. dkk. Proximal Humerus Salter Type III Physeal Injury with Posterior
Dislocation.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Feb 2007;127(2):143-6.
Mann, D.C. dan Rajmaira S. Distribution of Physeal and Nonphyseal Fractures in 2,650
Long-Bone Fractures in Children Aged 016 years.J Pediatr Orthop. Nov-Des
1990;10(6):713-6.
Mason, J.M. dkk. Cartilage and Bone Regeneration Using Gene-Enhanced Tissue
Engineering.Clin Orthop. Okt 2000;(379 Suppl):S171-8.
Moen, C.T. dan Pelker R.R. Biomechanical and Histological Correlations in Growth
Plate Failure.J Pediatr Orthop. Mar 1984;4(2):180-4.
Moore, M.S. dan Mackenzie W.G. Fracture of the Proximal Tibial Epiphysis. Clinical
Case Presentation: Alfred I. Dupont Institute. 4 April 1996.
Nietosvaara, Y. dkk. Marked Initial Displacement Predicts Complications in Physeal
Fractures of the Distal Radius: An Analysis of Fracture Characteristics, Primary
Treatment and Complications in 109 Patients.Acta Orthop. Des 2005;76(6):873-7.
R-105
Rohmiller, dkk. Salter-Harris I and II Fractures of the Distal Tibia: Does Mechanism
of Injury Relate to Premature Physeal Closure?.J Pediatr Orthop. Mei-
Juni/2006;26:322-328.
Salter, R.B. dan Harris W.R. Injuries Involving the Epiphyseal Plate.J Bone Joint Surg
Am. 1963;45-A:587-622.
Shrader, M.W. Pediatric Supracondylar Fractures and Pediatric Physeal Elbow
Fractures.Orthop Clin North Am. Apr 2008;39(2):163-71,v.
Wozney, J.M. The Bone Morphogenetic Protein Family and Osteogenesis.Mol Reprod
Dev. Jun 1992;32(2):160-7.
Referensi Bab
13
Trauma Spina
Fraktur Atlantoaksial
Aebi, M. Surgical Treatment of Upper, Middle and Lower Cervical Injuries and Non-
Unions by Anterior Procedures.Eur Spine J. 14 Okt 2009.
Al Eissa, S. dkk. Airway Compromise Secondary to Upper Cervical Spine Injury.J
Trauma. Okt 2009;67(4):692-6.
Anderson, L.D. dan DAlonzo RT. Fractures of the Odontoid Process of the Axis.J
Bone Joint Surg Am. Des 1974;56(8):1663-74.
Brooks, A.L. dan Jenkins E.B. Atlanto-Axial Arthrodesis by the Wedge Compression
Method.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Apr 1978;60(3):279-84.
Bucholz, R.W. dan Burkhead W.Z. The Pathological Anatomy of Fatal Atlanto-Occipital
Dislocations.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Mar 1979;61(2):248-50.
Budin, E. dan Sondheimer F. Lateral Spread of the Atlas without Fracture.Radiology.
Des 1966;87(6):1095-8.
Elgafy, H. dkk. Treatment of Displaced Type II Odontoid Fractures in Elderly
Patients.Am J Orthop. Agust 2009;38(8):410-6.
Gallie, W.E. Fractures and Dislocations of the Cervical Spine.Am J Surg. 1939;46(3):495-9.
Jefferson, G. Fracture of Atlas Vertebra. Report of Four Cases and A Review of Those
Previously Recorded.Br J Surg. 1920;7:407-22.
Johnson, R.M. dkk. Cervical Orthoses. A Study Comparing Their Effectiveness
In Restricting Cervical Motion In Normal Subjects.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Apr
1977;59(3):332-9.
Levine, A.M. dan Edwards C.C. Fractures of the Atlas.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jun
1991;73(5):680-91.
Levine, A.M. dan Edwards C.C. Treatment of Injuries in the C1C2 Complex.Orthop
Clin North Am. Jan 1986;17(1):31-4.
McAfee, P.C. 1991. Jeffersons Fracture. Adult Spine: Principles and Practice Editor:
Frymoyer J.W. dkk. Edisi ke-2.Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
NN. Management of Combination Fractures of the Atlas and Axis in Adults.Neurosurgery.
Mar 2002;50(3 suppl):S140-7.
107
108 Buku Ajar Gangguan Muskuloskeletal
North American Spine Society. Spinal Cord Injury. http://www.spine.org/fsp/prob_

action-injury-cord.cfm, 13 November 2006.
Platzer, P. dkk. Plate Fixation of Odontoid Fractures without C1C2 Arthrodesis: Practice
of A Novel Surgical Technique for Stabilization of Odontoid Fractures, Including
the Opportunity to Extend the Fixation to C3.Neurosurgery. Apr 2009;64(4):726-
33; discussion 733.
Richter, M. dkk. Posterior Atlantoaxial Fixation: Biomechanical in Vitro Comparison of
Six Different Techniques. Spine. Agust 15 2002;27(16):1724-32.
Sherk, H.H. dan Nicholson J.T. Fractures of the Atlas.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jul
1970;52(5):1017-24.
White, A.A. dan Panjabi M.M. 1990. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. Edisi ke-
2.Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
White, A.A.3rd. dan Panjabi M.M. The Clinical Biomechanics of the Occipitoatlantoaxial
Complex.Orthop Clin North Am. Okt 1978;9(4):867-78.
Fraktur C3C7
Allen, B.L. dkk. A Mechanistic Classification of Closed, Indirect Fractures and
Dislocations of the Lower Cervical Spine.Spine. 1982;7:1-27.
Apple, D.F. 2002. Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. Editor: Garfin S.R. dan Vaccaro
A.R. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Spine.Vol 2. American Academy of
Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Fehlings, M.G. dan Sekhon L.H.S. 2002. Restoration of Spinal Cord Function. Editor:
Garfin S.R. dan Vaccaro A.R. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Spine.Vol 2. American
Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Levine, A.M. 1998. Facet Fractures and Dislocations. Editor: Lampert R. Spine Trauma.
WB Saunders.
Marco, R.A. dkk. Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures Treated with Posterior Decompression
and Pedicle Screw Instrumentation Supplemented with Balloon-Assisted
Vertebroplasty and Calcium Phosphate Reconstruction. Surgical Technique.J Bone
Joint Surg Am. Mar 2010;92 Suppl 1 Pt 1:67-76.
Milligram, M.A. dan Rand N. Cervical Spine Anatomy.Spine State of the Art Reviews.
2000;14(3):521-532.
Platzer, P. dkk. Delayed or Missed Diagnosis of Cervical Spine Injuries.J Trauma. Jul
2006;61(1):150-5.
Rang, M. 2000. Spine Fractures and Traumatic Paraplegia.The Story of Orthopaedics.
Toh, E. dkk. Surgical Treatment for Injuries of the Middle and Lower Cervical Spine.Int
Orthop. Feb 2006;30(1):54-8.
Uhrenholt, L. dkk. Pathoanatomy of the Lower Cervical Spine Facet Joints in Motor
Vehicle Crash Fatalities. J Forensic Leg Med. Jul 2009;16(5):253-60.
Vaccaro, A.R. dkk. 1999. The Lower Cervical Spine in Spinal Cord Injury.Spine State
of the Art Reviews.
Referensi 109
Fraktur Dislokasi Vertebra Toraks

Amin, A. dan Saifuddin A. Fractures and Dislocations of the Cervicothoracic Junction.J
Spinal Disord Tech. Des 2005;18(6):499-505.
Browner, B.D. dkk. 1998. Skeletal Trauma: Fractures, Dislocations, Ligamentous Injuries.
WB Saunders.
Denis, F. The Three Column Spine and Its Significance in the Classification of Acute
Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries.Spine. 1983;8:817-831.
Holdsworth, F. Fractures, Dislocations, and Fracture-Dislocations of the Spine.J Bone
Joint Surg Am. Des 1970;52(8):1534-51.
McCullen, G. dkk. Thoracic and Lumbar Trauma: Rationale for Selecting the Appropriate
Fusion Technnique.Orthop Clin North Am. Okt 1998;29(4):813-28.
Moller, A. dkk. Nonoperatively Treated Burst Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar
Spine in Adults: A 23- to 41-Year Follow-Up.Spine J. Nov-Des 2007;7(6):701-7.
Rechtine, G.R. Nonsurgical Treatment of Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures.Instr Course
Lect. 1999;48:413-6.
Sasso, R.C. dkk. Anterior-Only Stabilization of Three-Column Thoracolumbar Injuries.J
Spinal Disord Tech. Feb 2005;18 Suppl:S7-14.
Scholl, B.M. dkk. Short Segment Fixation of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures.Orthopedics.
Agust 2006;29(8):703-8.
Shen, W.J. dkk. Nonoperative Treatment versus Posterior Fixation for Thoracolumbar Junction
Burst Fractures without Neurologic Deficit.Spine. 1 Mei 2001;26(9):1038-45.
Singh, R. dkk. Injuries Significantly Associated with Thoracic Spine Fractures: A Case-
Control Study.Emerg Med Australas. Okt 2009;21(5):419-23.
Stadhouder, A. dkk. Nonoperative Treatment of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Fractures:
A Prospective Randomized Study of Different Treatment Options.J Orthop Trauma.
Sep 2009;23(8):588-94.
Zdeblick, T.A. dkk. Anterior Spinal Fixators. A Biomechanical In Vitro Study.Spine.
15 Mar 1993;18(4):513-7.
Fraktur Dislokasi Vertebra Lumbal

Al-Khalifa, F.K. dkk. Patterns of Collapse in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures.J Spinal
Disord Tech. Okt 2005;18(5):410-2.
Blanco, J.F. dkk. Conservative Management of Burst Fractures of the Fifth Lumbar
Vertebra.J Spinal Disord Tech. Jun 2005;18(3):229-31.
Dai, L.Y. Remodeling of the Spinal Canal After Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures.Clin
Orthop. Jan 2001;(382):119-23.
Hiwatashi, A. dkk. Kyphoplasty versus Vertebroplasty to Increase Vertebral Body Height:
A Cadaveric Study. Radiology. Des 2005;237(3):1115-9.
Karaikovic, E.E. dan Pacheco HO. Treatment Options for Thoracolumbar Spine
Fractures.Bosn J Basic Med Sci. Mei 2005;5(2):20-6.
Knop, C. dkk. Late Results of Thoracolumbar Fractures After Posterior Instrumentation

and Transpedicular Bone Grafting.Spine. 1 Jan 2001;26(1):88-99.
Marczynski, W. dkk. Fractures of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine; Treatment and Follow
Up.Ann Transplant. 1999;4(3-4):46-8.
Pradhan, B.B. dkk. Kyphoplasty Reduction of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression
Fractures: Correction of Local Kyphosis versus Overall Sagittal Alignment.Spine.
15 Feb 2006;31(4):435-41.
Sanderson, P.L. dkk. Short Segment Fixation of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures without
Fusion.Eur Spine J. 1999;8(6):495-500.
Tezeren, G. dan Kuru I. Posterior Fixation of Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture: Short-
Segment Pedicle Fixation versus Long-Segment Instrumentation.J Spinal Disord
Tech. Des 2005;18(6):485-8.
Woolard, A. dan Oussedik S. Injuries to the Lumbar Spine: Identification and
Management.Hosp Med. Jul 2005;66(7):384-8.
Trauma Panggul
Fraktur Sakrum Koksigis
American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced Trauma Life Support
(Course for Physicians).Chicago, Ill: 1993.
Denis, F. dkk. Sacral Fractures: An Important Problem. Retrospective Analysis of 236
Cases.Clin Orthop. Feb 1988;227:67-81.
Gotis-Graham, I. dkk. Sacral Insufficiency Fractures in the Elderly.J Bone Joint Surg
Br. Nov 1994;76(6):882-6.
Lange, R. dkk. Efficacy of the Anterior Approach for Fixation of Sacroiliac Dislocations
and Fracture-Dislocations.J Orthop Trauma. 1990;4:220-221.
Nelson, D.W. dan Duwelius PJ. CT-Guided Fixation of Sacral Fractures and Sacroiliac
Joint Disruptions.Radiology. Agust 1991;180(2):527-32.
Schweitzer, D. dkk. Closed Reduction and Iliosacral Percutaneous Fixation of Unstable
Pelvic Ring Fractures.Injury. Agust 2008;39(8):869-74.
Webb, L.X. dkk. Continuous EMG Monitoring for Placement of Percutaneous Iliosacral
Screws.Orthop Trans. 1996;20:134.
Fraktur Pelvis
Bucholtz, R.W. dan Peters P. 1988. Assessment of Pelvic Stability. Editor: Bassett
F.H. Instructional Course Lectures.Rosemont, Ill: The American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons.
Burgess, A. dan Jones A. 1996. Fractures of the Pelvic Ring. Editor: Rockwood C.Jr.
dkk. Fractures in Adults. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven.
Referensi 111
Dunn, A.W. dan Morris H.D. Fractures and Dislocations of the Pelvis.J Bone Joint Surg
Am. Des 1968;50(8):1639-48.
Holm, C.L. Treatment of Pelvic Fractures and Dislocations. Skeletal Traction and the
Dual Pelvic Traction Sling.Clin Orthop. Nov-Des 1973;97:97-107.
Huittinen, V.M. dan Sltis P. Nerve Injury in Double Vertical Pelvic Fractures.Acta Chir
Scand. 1972;138(6):571-5.
Peltier, L.F. Complications Associated with Fractures of the Pelvis.J Bone Joint Surg
Am. Jul 1965;47:1060-9.
Pennal, G.F. dkk. Pelvic Disruption: Assessment and Classification.Clin Orthop. Sep
1980;(151):12-21.
Reilly, M.C. dkk. Neurologic Injuries in Pelvic Ring Fractures.Clin Orthop. Agust
1996;(329):28-36.
Rice, P.L.Jr. dan Rudolph M. Pelvic Fractures.Emerg Med Clin North Am. Agust
2007;25(3):795-802, x.
Roy-Camille, R. dkk. Transverse Fracture of the Upper Sacrum. Suicidal Jumpers
Fracture.Spine. Nov 1985;10(9):838-45.
Schield, D.K. dkk. Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Pelvic Ring Fractures.J Orthop
Trauma. 1991;5(2):226.
Simonian, P.T. dkk. Internal Fixation of the Unstable Anterior Pelvic Ring: A
Biomechanical Comparison of Standard Plating Techniques and the Retrograde
Medullary Superior Pubic Ramus Screw.J Orthop Trauma. Des 1994;8(6):476-82.
Switzer, J.A. dkk. Comminuted Fractures of the Iliac Wing.J Orthop Trauma. Mei
2000;14(4):270-6.
Tucker, M.C. dkk. Simple Anterior Pelvic External Fixation.J Trauma. Des
2000;49(6):989-94.
Watnik, N.F. dkk. Urologic Injuries in Pelvic Ring Disruptions.Clin Orthop. Agust
1996;(329):37-45.
Fraktur Asetabulum
Boraiah, S. dkk. Open Reduction Internal Fixation and Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
of Selected Acetabular Fractures.J Orthop Trauma. Apr 2009;23(4):243-8.
Bucholz, R.W. dkk. Injury to the Acetabular Triradiate Physeal Cartilage.J Bone Joint
Surg Am. Apr 1982;64(4):600-9.
Dakin, G.J. dkk. Acetabular Fracture Patterns: Associations with Motor Vehicle Crash
Information.J Trauma. Des 1999;47(6):1063-71.
Dean, D.B. dan Moed B.R. Late Salvage of Failed Open Reduction and Internal
Fixation of Posterior Wall Fractures of the Acetabulum.J Orthop Trauma. Mar
2009;23(3):180-5.
Ganorkar, S. dkk. Implant Selection and Placement in Acetabular Fractures.Indian J
Orthopaedics. 2002;36(1):29-30.
Letournel, E. Acetabulum Fractures: Classification and Management.Clin Orthop. Sep

1980;(151):81-106.
Matta, J. Operative Indications and Choice of Surgical Approach for Fractures of the
Acetabulum.Tech Orthop. 1986;1:13-22.
Mehin, R. dkk. A Biomechanical Study of Conventional Acetabular Internal Fracture
Fixation versus Locking Plate Fixation.Can J Surg. Jun 2009;52(3):221-8.
Porter, S.E. dkk. Acetabular Fracture Patterns and Their Associated Injuries.J Orthop
Trauma. Mar 2008;22(3):165-70.
Thacker, M. Post-Operative Management of Acetabular Fractures.Indian J Orthopaedics.
2002;36(1):29-30.
Weber, M. dkk. Total Hip Arthroplasty After Operative Treatment of An Acetabular
Fracture.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Sep 1998;80(9):1295-305.
Fraktur Kepala dan Leher Femur

Devas, M.B. Stress Fractures of the Femoral Neck.J Bone Joint Surg Br. Nov
1965;47(4):728-38.
Ernst, J. Stress Fracture of the Neck of the Femur.J Trauma. Jan 1964;53:71-83.
Lehman, R.A. dan Shah SA. Tension-Sided Femoral Neck Stress Fracture in A Skeletally
Immature Patient. A Case Report.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jun 2004;86-A(6):1292-5.
Niva, M.H. dkk. Fatigue Injuries of the Femur.J Bone Joint Surg Br. Okt
2005;87(10):1385-90.
Trauma Paha
Fraktur Intertrokhanter Femur
Anglen, J.O. dan Weinstein J.N. Nail or Plate Fixation of Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures:
Changing Pattern of Practice. A Review of the American Board of Orthopaedic
Surgery Database.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Apr 2008;90(4):700-7.
Crenshaw, A.H. 1991. Campbells Operative Orthopedics.Vol 2. Edisi ke-8. Philadelphia,
Pa: Mosby Inc.
Lichtblau, S. The Unstable Intertrochanteric Hip Fracture.Orthopedics. Agust
2008;31(8):792-7.
Rockwood, C.A. dkk. 1991. Fractures.Vol 2. Edisi ke-3. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Sidhu, A.S. dkk. Total Hip Replacement as Primary Treatment of Unstable
Intertrochanteric Fractures in Elderly Patients.Int Orthop. 11 Jun 2009.
Referensi 113
Subtrokhanter femur
Craig, N.J. dan Maffulli N. Subtrochanteric Fractures: Current Management
Options.Disabil Rehabil. 30 Sep15 Okt 2005;27(18-19):1181-90.
Massoud, E.I. Fixation of Subtrochanteric Fractures: Does A Technical Optimization of
the Dynamic Hip Screw Application Improve the Results?.Strategies Trauma Limb
Reconstr. Okt 2009;4(2):65-71.
Rockwood, C.A. dkk. 2001. Rockwood, Green, and Wilkins Handbook of Fractures. Edisi
ke-5.Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Saarenp, I. dkk. Treatment of Subtrochanteric Fractures. A Comparison of the Gamma
Nail and the Dynamic Hip Screw: Short-Term Outcome in 58 Patients.Int Orthop.
Feb 2007;31(1):65-70.
Senter, B. dkk. Operative Stabilization of Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur.J
Orthop Trauma. 1990;4(4):399-405.
Wiss, D.A. dan Brien W.W. Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur. Results of Treatment
by Interlocking Nailing.Clin Orthop. Okt 1992;(283):231-6.
Fraktur Batang Femur

Braten, M. dkk. 11 Femoral Fractures with Vascular Injury: Good Outcome with Early
Vascular Repair and Internal Fixation.Acta Orthop Scand. Apr 1996;67(2):161-4.
DiChristina, D.G. dkk. Femur Fractures with Femoral or Popliteal Artery Injuries in
Blunt Trauma.J Orthop Trauma. Des 1994;8(6):494-503.
Evans, F.G. dkk. The Role of Tensile Stress in the Mechanism of Femoral Fractures.J
Bone Joint Surg Am. 1951;333:485-501.
Lieurance, R. dkk. Blood Loss and Transfusion in patients with isolated femur fractures.J
Orthop Trauma. 1992;6(2):175-9.
Mohr, V.D. dkk. External Fixation of Open Femoral Shaft Fractures.J Trauma. Apr
1995;38(4):648-52.
Robertson, P. dkk. Open Fractures of the Tibia and Femur in Children.J Pediatr Orthop.
Sep-Okt 1996;16(5):621-6.
Sartoretti, C. dkk. Comorbid Conditions in Old Patients with Femur Fractures.J
Trauma. Okt 1997;43(4):570-7.
Starr, A.J. dkk. Treatment of Femur Fracture with Associated Vascular Injury.J Trauma.
Jan 1996;40(1):17-21.
Wolinsky, P. dkk. Controversies in Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures.Instr
Course Lect. 2002;51:291-303.
Fraktur Suprakondiler
Giles, J.B. dkk. Supracondylar-Intercondylar Fractures of the Femur Treated with A
Supracondylar Plate and Lag Screw.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jul 1982;64(6):864-70.
Johnson, E.E. Combined Direct and Indirect Reduction of Comminuted Four-

Part Intraarticular T-Type Fractures of the Distal Femur.Clin Orthop. Jun
1988;(231):154-62.
Moore, T.J. dkk. Complications of Surgically Treated Supracondylar Fractures of the
Femur.J Trauma. Apr 1987;27(4):402-6.
Pritchett, J.W. Supracondylar Fractures of the Femur.Clin Orthop. Apr 1984;(184):173-7.
Rabin, S.I. dkk. Complications of Supracondylar Femur Fractures.Loyola U Orthopaedic
J. 1995;4:30-38.
Rabin, S.I. dkk. Use of the Cobra Plate in Severely Comminuted Intercondylar
Supracondylar Distal Femur Fractures.Loyola U Orthopaedic J. 1997;6:32-37.
Shahcheraghi, G.H. dan Doroodchi H.R. Supracondylar Fracture of the Femur: Closed
or Open Reduction?.J Trauma. Apr 1993;34(4):499-502.
Shelbourne, K.D. dan Brueckmann F.R. Rush-Pin Fixation of Supracondylar and
Intercondylar Fractures of the Femur.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Feb 1982;64(2):161-9.
Siliski, J.M. dkk. Supracondylar-Intercondylar Fractures of the Femur. Treatment by
Internal Fixation.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jan 1989;71(1):95-104.
Tulloch, C.J. dan Calver R.F. The Use of Zickel Supracondylar Nails in the Presence of
A Cemented Hip Prosthesis.Injury. Nov 1988;19(6):452-3.
Trauma Lutut
Fraktur Patela
Baran, O. dkk. Anatomical and Biomechanical Evaluation of the Tension Band Technique
in Patellar Tractures.Int Orthop. 11 Jul 2008.
Berg, E.E. Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Displaced Transverse Patella Fractures
with Figure-Eight Wiring Through Parallel Cannulated Compression Screws.J
Orthop Trauma. Nov 1997;11(8):573-6.
Burnett, R.S. dan Bourne R.B. Periprosthetic Fractures of the Tibia and Patella in Total
Knee Arthroplasty.Instr Course Lect. 2004;53:217-35.
Kosanovic, M. dkk. Patella Fractures Associated with Injuries of the Knee Ligament.Arch
Orthop Trauma Surg. 1998;117(1-2):108-9.
Pritchett, J.W. Nonoperative Treatment of Widely Displaced Patella Fractures.Am J
Knee Surg. Summer 1997;10(3):145-7; discussion 147-8.
Yang, K.H. dan Byun Y.S. Separate Vertical Wiring for the Fixation of Comminuted
Fractures of the Inferior Pole of the Patella.J Bone Joint Surg Br. Nov
2003;85(8):1155-60.
Referensi 115
Trauma Kaki
Fraktur Plateau Tibia
Brunner, A. dkk. Classification Systems for Tibial Plateau Fractures; Does Computed
Tomography Scanning Improve Their Reliability?. Injury. 8 Sep 2009.
Kode, L. dkk. Evaluation of Tibial Plateau Fractures: Efficacy of MR Imaging Compared
with CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Jul 1994;163(1):141-7.
Mustonen, A.O. dkk. MRI of Acute Meniscal Injury Associated with Tibial
Plateau Fractures: Prevalence, Type, and Location:. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Okt
2008;191(4):1002-9.
Mustonen, A.O. dkk. Postoperative MDCT of Tibial Plateau Fractures. AJR Am J
Roentgenol. Nov 2009;193(5):1354-60.
Redmond, J.M. dkk. Detecting Vascular Injury in Lower-Extremity Orthopedic Trauma:
The Role of CT Angiography. Orthopedics. Agust 2008;31(8).
Fraktur Tibia-Fibula
Brinker, M.R. dan Bailey D.E.Jr. Fracture Healing in Tibia Fractures with An
Associated Vascular Injury. J Trauma. Jan 1997;42(1):11-9.
Clifford, R.P. dkk. Complications of External Fixation of Open Fractures of the
Tibia. Injury. Mei 1987;18(3):174-6.
Coles, C.P. dan Gross M. Closed Tibial Shaft Fractures: Management and Treatment
Complications. A Review of the Prospective Literature. Can J Surg. Agust
2000;43(4):256-62.
Court-Brown, C.M. dan McBirnie J. The Epidemiology of Tibial Fractures. J Bone
Joint Surg Br. Mei 1995;77(3):417-21.
Court-Brown, C.M. dkk. External Fixation for Type III Open Tibial Fractures. J
Bone Joint Surg Br. Sep 1990;72(5):801-4.
Edwards, C.C. Staged Reconstruction of Complex Open Tibial Fractures using
Hoffmann External Fixation. Clinical Decisions and Dilemmas. Clin Orthop.
Sep 1983;(178):130-61.
Krieg, J.C. Proximal Tibial Fractures: Current Treatment, Results, and Problems.
Injury. Agust 2003;34 Suppl 1:A2-10.
Kyro, A. dkk. Conservative Treatment of Tibial Fractures. Results in A Series of 163
Patients. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1991;80(3):294-300.
Lange, R.H. dkk. Open Tibial Fractures with Associated Vascular Injuries: Prognosis
for Limb Salvage. J Trauma. Mar 1985;25(3):203-8.
Littenberg, B. dkk. Closed Fractures of the Tibial Shaft. A Meta-Analysis of Three
Methods of Treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Feb 1998;80(2):174-83.
McQueen, M.M. dkk. Acute Compartment Syndrome. Who is at Risk?. J Bone Joint
Surg Br. Mar 2000;82(2):200-3.
Miller, N.C. dan Askew A.E. Tibia Fractures. An Overview of Evaluation and
Treatment. Orthop Nurs. Jul-Aug 2007;26(4):216-23; quiz 224-5.
Mller, M.E. dkk. The Comprehensive Classification of Fractures of Long Bones.
Berlin, Germany; Springer-Verlag; 1990.
Newton, E.J. dan Love J. Emergency Department Management of Selected Orthopedic
Injuries. Emerg Med Clin North Am. Agust 2007;25(3):763-93, ix-x.
Orthopaedic Trauma Association. Fracture and Dislocation Classification
Compendium - 2007 Orthopaedic Trauma Association/Classification, Database
& Outcomes Committee. Orthopaedic Trauma Association. http://www.ota.
org/compendium/compendium.html, 15 Mei 2009.
Ritsema, T.S. dkk. The National Trend in Quality of Emergency Department Pain
Management for Long Bone Fractures. Acad Emerg Med. Feb 2007;14(2):163-9.
Sproule, J.A. dkk. Outcome after Surgery for Maisonneuve Fracture of the Fibula.
Injury. Agust 2004;35(8):791-8.
Taylor, J.C. 1992. Delayed Union and Non-Union of Fractures. Campbells Operative
Orthopaedics. Editor: Crenshaw A.H. Edisi ke-8. St Louis, Mo: Mosby.
Tornetta, P.3rd. dkk. Treatment of Grade-IIIb Open Tibial Fractures. A Prospective
Randomised Comparison of External Fixation and Non-Reamed Locked
Nailing. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Jan 1994;76(1):13-9.
Fraktur Maleolus
Bucholz, R.W. dan Heckman J.D. 2001. Fractures in Adults. Rockwood and Greens
Fractures in Adults. Edisi ke-5.
Chan, G.M. dan Yoshida D. Fracture of the Lateral Process of the Talus Associated with
Snowboarding.Ann Emerg Med. Jun 2003;41(6):854-8.
Cummings, R.J. dan Hahn G.A. The Incisural Fracture.Foot Ankle Int. Mar
2004;25(3):132-5.
Daffner, R.H. Ankle Trauma.Radiol Clin North Am. Mar 1990;28(2):395-421.
Greenfield, D.M. dan Eastell R. Risk Factors for Ankle Fracture.Osteoporos Int.
2001;12(2):97-103.
Koury, S.I. dkk. Recognition and Management of Tillaux Fractures in Adolescents.Pediatr
Emerg Care. Feb 1999;15(1):37-9.
McCrory, P. dan Bladin C. Fractures of the Lateral Process of the Talus: A Clinical
Review. Snowboarders ankle.Clin J Sport Med. Apr 1996;6(2):124-8.
Mora, S. dkk. The Role of Pulsatile Cold Compression in Edema Resolution Following
Ankle Fractures: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Foot Ankle Int. Nov 2002;23(11):999-
1002.
Referensi 117
Park, J.W. dkk. Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament Avulsion Fracture in Weber Type B
Lateral Malleolar Fracture.J Trauma. Apr 2002;52(4):655-9.
Tang, C.W. dkk. Position of the Distal Fibular Fragment in Pronation and Supination
Ankle Fractures: A CT Evaluation.Foot Ankle Int. Jul 2003;24(7):561-6.
Wexler, R.K. The Injured Ankle.Am Fam Physician. 1 Feb 1998;57(3):474-80.
Fraktur Kalkaneus
Barei, D.P. dkk. Fractures of the Calcaneus.Orthop Clin North Am. Jan 2002;33(1):263-
85, x.
Benirschke, S.K. dan Sangeorzan B.J. Extensive Intraarticular Fractures of the Foot.
Surgical Management of Calcaneal Fractures.Clin Orthop. Jul 1993;128-34.
Bohler, L. Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment of Fractures of the Calcaneus.J Bone
Joint Surg. 1931;13:75-89.
Bridgman, S.A. dkk. Interventions for Treating Calcaneal Fractures.Cochrane Database
Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001161.
Burdeaux, B.D. Fractures of the Calcaneus: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation from the
Medial Side A 21-Year Prospective Study.Foot Ankle Int. Nov 1997;18(11):685-92.
Cavadas, P.C. dan Landin L. Management of Soft-Tissue Complications of the Lateral
Approach for Calcaneal Fractures.Plast Reconstr Surg. Aug 2007;120(2):459-66;
discussion 467-9.
Cohen, M. Calcaneal Fractures.Foot and Ankle Surgery. 2001;2:1819-1863.
Crosby, L.A. dan Fitzgibbons T. Intraarticular Calcaneal Fractures. Results of Closed
Treatment.Clin Orthop. Mei 1993;47-54.
Essex-Lopresti, P. The Mechanism, Reduction Technique, and Results in Fractures of
the Os Calcis, 1951-52.Clin Orthop. Mei 1993;3-16.
Lindsay, W.R. dan Dewar F.P. Fractures of the Os Calcis.Am J Surg. Apr 1958;95(4):555-
76.
Reddy, V. dkk. Calcaneus Malunion and Nonunion.Foot Ankle Clin. Mar
2007;12(1):125-35.
Sanders, R. Fractures and Fracture-Dislocations of the Calcaneus.Surgery of the Foot
and Ankle. 1999;2:1422-1464.
Wells, C. Fractures of the Heel Bones in Early and Prehistoric Times.Practitioner. Agust
1976;217(1298):294-8.
Fraktur Dislokasi Tarsometatarsal

Chandran, P. dkk. Management of Complex Open Fracture Injuries of the Midfoot with
External Fixation.J Foot Ankle Surg. Sep-Okt 2006;45(5):308-15.
Cook, K.D. dkk. Determining the Strongest Orientation for Lisfrancs Screw in
Transverse Plane Tarsometatarsal Injuries: A Cadaveric Study.J Foot Ankle Surg.
Jul-Agust 2009;48(4):427-31.
Curtis, M.J. dkk. Tarsometatarsal Joint Injuries in the Athlete.Am J Sports Med. Jul-
Agust 1993;21(4):497-502.
Gaines, R.J. dkk. Injury to the Tarsometatarsal Joint Complex during Fixation of Lisfranc
Fracture Dislocations: An Anatomic Study.J Trauma. Apr 2009;66(4):1125-8.
Lee, C.A. dkk. Stabilization of Lisfranc Joint Injuries: A Biomechanical Study.Foot
Ankle Int. Mei 2004;25(5):365-70.
Lui, T.H. Arthroscopic Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Arthrodesis.Knee Surg Sports
Traumatol Arthrosc. Mei 2007;15(5):671-5.
Myerson, M.S. dkk. Fracture Dislocations of the Tarsometatarsal Joints: End Results
Correlated with Pathology and Treatment.Foot Ankle. Apr 1986;6(5):225-42.
Nunley, J.A. dan Vertullo C.J.Classification, Investigation, and Management of Midfoot Sprains:
Lisfranc Injuries in the Athlete.Am J Sports Med. Nov-Des 2002;30(6):871-8.
Thordarson, D.B. dan Hurvitz G. PLA Screw Fixation of Lisfranc Injuries.Foot Ankle
Int. Nov 2002;23(11):1003-7.
Wilson, D.W. Injuries of the Tarso-Metatarsal Joints. Etiology, Classification and Results
of Treatment.J Bone Joint Surg Br. Nov 1972;54(4):677-86.
Trauma Bahu
Fraktur Klavikula
Grassi, F.A. dkk. Management of Midclavicular Fractures: Comparison between
Nonoperative Treatment and Open Intramedullary Fixation in 80 Patients.J Trauma.
Jun 2001;50(6):1096-100.
Khan, L.A. dkk. Fractures of the Clavicle.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Feb 2009;91(2):447-60.
Kim, W. dan McKee M.D. Management of Acute Clavicle Fractures.Orthop Clin North
Am. Okt 2008;39(4):491-505, vii.
Klein, S.M. dkk. Results of Surgical Treatment for Unstable Distal Clavicular Fractures.J
Shoulder Elbow Surg. 23 Mar 2010.
Lazarus, M.D. 2001. Fractures of the Clavicle. Rockwood and Greens Fractures in Adults.
Editor: Bucholz R.W.Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Lenza, M. dkk. Conservative Interventions for Treating Middle Third Clavicle Fractures
in Adolescents and Adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 15 Apr 2009;CD007121.
McKoy, B.E. dkk. Fractures about the Shoulder: Conservative Management.Orthop
Clin North Am. Apr 2000;31(2):205-16.
Mizue, F. dkk. Surgical Treatment of Comminuted Fractures of the Distal Clavicle Using
Wolter Clavicular Plates.J Nippon Med Sch. Feb 2000;67(1):32-4.
Nordqvist, A. dan Petersson C. The Incidence of Fractures of the Clavicle.Clin Orthop.
Mar 1994;(300):127-32.
Pujalte, G.G. dan Housner J.A. Management of Clavicle Fractures.Curr Sports Med
Rep. Sep-Okt 2008;7(5):275-80.
Referensi 119
Simon, R.R. dan Koenigsknecht S.J. 2007. Clavicle Fractures. Emergency Orthopedics:
The Extremities. Edisi ke-5. McGraw-Hill.
Stanley, D. dkk. The Mechanism of Clavicular Fracture. A Clinical and Biomechanical
Analysis.J Bone Joint Surg Br. Mei 1988;70(3):461-4.
Webber, M.C. dan Haines J.F. The Treatment of Lateral Clavicle Fractures.Injury. Apr
2000;31(3):175-9.
Fraktur Skapula
Baldwin, K.D. dkk. Scapula Fractures: A Marker for Concomitant Injury? A Retrospective
Review of Data in the National Trauma Database.J Trauma. Agust 2008;65(2):430-5.
McAdams, T.R. dkk. The Role of Plain Films and Computed Tomography in the
Evaluation of Scapular Neck Fractures.J Orthop Trauma. Jan 2002;16(1):7-11.
Simon, R. dan Koenigcknecht S.1995. Emergency Orthopedics: The Extremities. New York:
Appleton and Lange.
Stephens, N.G. dkk. Significance of Scapular Fracture in the Blunt-Trauma Patient.Ann
Emerg Med. Okt 1995;26(4):439-42..
Veysi, V.T. dkk. Multiple Trauma and Scapula Fractures: So What?.J Trauma. Des
2003;55(6):1145-7.
Zlowodzki, M. dkk. Treatment of Scapula Fractures: Systematic Review of 520 Fractures
in 22 Case Series.J Orthop Trauma. Mar 2006;20(3):230-3.
Fraktur Humerus Proksimal

Bigliani, L.U. dan McCluskey G.M.3rd. Prosthetic Replacement in Acute Fractures of
the Proximal Humerus. Semin Arthroplasty. Okt 1990;1(2):129-37.
Brunner, F. dkk. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures
Using A Proximal Humeral Locked Plate: A Prospective Multicenter Analysis. J
Orthop Trauma. Mar 2009;23(3):163-72.
Edelson, G. dkk. Natural History of Complex Fractures of the Proximal Humerus
Using A Three-Dimensional Classification System. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. Mei-Jun
2008;17(3):399-409.
Frankle, M. 1999. Encore Surgical Technique Guide. Encore Fracture System.
Hanson, B. dkk. Functional Outcomes After Nonoperative Management of Fractures of
the Proximal Humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. Jul-Aug 2009;18(4):612-21.
Kontakis, G.M. dkk. Early Management of Complex Proximal Humeral Fractures Using
the Aequalis Fracture Prosthesis: A Two- to Five-Year Follow-Up Report. J Bone
Joint Surg Br. Okt 2009;91(10):1335-40.
Mighell, M. dkk. Outcomes of Hemiarthroplasty for Fractures of the Proximal Humerus.
American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons 2nd Biennial Proceedings; Miami, FL. Mei
2000;Paper 15:119.
Monga, P. dkk. Closed Reduction and External Fixation for Displaced Proximal Humeral
Fractures. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). Agust 2009;17(2):142-5.
Neer, C.S.2nd. Displaced Proximal Humeral Fractures. I. Classification and Evaluation.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. Sep 1970;52(6):1077-89.
Fraktur Batang Humerus

Beaty, J.H. Humeral Shaft Fractures. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update. Rosemont, Ill:
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1999:278-86.
Crenshaw, A.H. 1998. Shaft of Humerus. Editor: Canale S.T. Campbells Operative
Orthopaedics. Edisi ke-9. St Louis, Mo: Mosby.
Green, E. dkk. Risk Factors, Treatment, and Outcomes Associated with Nonunion of the
Midshaft Humerus Fracture. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2005;14(2):64-72.
Hartsock, L.A. 1999. Humeral Shaft Fractures. Editor: Levine A.M. Orthopaedic
Knowledge Update, Trauma. Rosemont, Ill: American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons.
Healy, W.L. dkk. Nonunion of the Humeral Shaft. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Jun
1987;(219):206-13.
Lin, J. dkk. Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fractures by Retrograde Locked Nailing. Clin
Orthop Relat Res. Sep 1997;(342):147-55.
Persad, I.J. dan Kommu S. U Cast or Functional Bracing Following Fractures of the Shaft
of Humerus. Emerg Med J. Mei 2007;24(5):361.
Sarmiento, A. dkk. Functional Bracing of Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus. J Bone
Joint Surg Am. Jul 1977;59(5):596-601.
Shazar, N. dkk. Treatment of Humeral Fractures by Closed Reduction and Retrograde
Intramedullary Ender Nails. Orthopedics. Jun 1998;21(6):641-6.
Urist, M.R. dkk. The Pathogenesis and Treatment of Delayed Union and Nonunion. J
Bone Joint Surg. 1954;36A:931.
Zuckerman, J.D. dan Koval K.J. 1996. Fractures of the Shaft of the humerus. Rockwood
and Greens Fractures in Adults. Editor: Rockwood C.A. dkk. Edisi ke-4. Philadelphia,
Pa: Lippincott-Raven.
Trauma Siku
Fraktur Suprakondiler
Bashyal, R.K. dkk. Complications After Pinning of Supracondylar Distal Humerus
Fractures.J Pediatr Orthop. Okt-Nov 2009;29(7):704-8.
Evans, E.M. Supracondylar-Y Fractures of the Humerus.J Bone Joint Surg Br. Agust
1953;35-B(3):371-5.
Helfet, D.L. dan Hotchkiss R.N. Internal Fixation of the Distal Humerus: A
Biomechanical Comparison of Methods.J Orthop Trauma. 1990;4(3):260-4.
Referensi 121
Jupiter, J.B. dan Mehne D.K. Fractures of the Distal Humerus.Orthopedics. Jul
1992;15(7):825-33.
Kuntz, D.G.Jr. dan Baratz M.E. Fractures of the Elbow.Orthop Clin North Am. Jan
1999;30(1):37-61.
McKee, M.D. dkk. Functional Outcome Following Surgical Treatment of Intra-Articular
Distal Humeral Fractures Through A Posterior Approach.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Des
2000;82-A(12):1701-7.
Mehne, D.K. dan Jupiter J.B. 1992. Fractures of the Distal Humerus. Editor: Browner
B.D. dkk.Skeletal Trauma. Volume 2. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders.
Muller, M.E. dkk.1991. Manual of Internal Fixation: Techniques Recommended by the AO-
ASIF Group. Edisi ke-3. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Ring, D. dan Jupiter J.B. Complex Fractures of the Distal Humerus and Their
Complications.J Shoulder Elbow Surg. Jan-Feb 1999;8(1):85-97.
Skaggs, D.L. dkk. Operative Treatment of Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus in
Children. The Consequences of Pin Placement.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Mei 2001;83-
A(5):735-40.
Webb, L.X. Distal Humeral Fractures in Adults.J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Nov
1996;4(6):336-44.
Wilkins, K.E. dkk. 1996. Fractures and Dislocations of the Elbow Region.. dkk. Fractures
in Children. Editor: Rockwood C.A.Jr. Edisi ke-4. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-
Raven.
Fraktur Olekranon
Buijze, G. dan Kloen P. Clinical Evaluation of Locking Compression Plate Fixation for
Comminuted Olecranon Fractures.J Bone Joint Surg Am. Okt 2009;91(10):2416-20.
McKeever, F.M. dan Buck R.M. Fracture of the Olecranon Process of the Ulna: Treatment
by Excision of the Fragment and Repair of the Triceps Tendon.JAMA. 1947;135:1-5.
Moed, B.R. dkk. Fractures of the Olecranon: An In Vitro Study of Elbow Joint Stresses
After Tension-Band Wire Fixation versus Proximal Fracture Fragment Excision.J
Trauma. Des 2002;53(6):1088-93.
Murphy, D.F. dkk. Displaced Olecranon Fractures in Adults. Clinical Evaluation.Clin
Orthop. Nov 1987;(224):215-23.
Newman, S.D. dkk. Olecranon Fractures.Injury. Jun 2009;40(6):575-81.
Rommens, P.M. dkk. Functional Results After Operative Treatment of Olecranon
Fractures.Acta Chir Belg. Apr 2004;104(2):191-7.
Rommens, P.M. dkk. Olecranon Fractures in Adults: Factors Influencing Outcome.Injury.
Nov 2004;35(11):1149-57.
Rush, L.V. dan Rush H.L. A Reconstruction Operation for A Comminuted Fracture of
the Upper Third of the Ulna.Am J Surg. 1937;38:332-3.
Sultan, S. dan Khan A.Z. Management of Comminuted Fractures of the Olecranon by
Tension Band Wiring.J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. Jul-Sep 2003;15(3):27-9.
Veillette, C.J. dan Steinmann S.P. Olecranon Fractures.Orthop Clin North Am. Apr
2008;39(2):229-36, vii.
Fraktur Radius
Davis, D.I. dan Baratz M. Soft Tissue Complications of Distal Radius Fractures.Hand
Clin. Mei 2010;26(2):229-35.
Henry, M.H. Distal Radius Fractures: Current Concepts.J Hand Surg[Am]. Sep
2008;33(7):1215-27.
Mehling, I. dkk. Number and Locations of Screw Fixation for Volar Fixed-Angle
Plating of Distal Radius Fractures: Biomechanical Study.J Hand Surg Am. Jun
2010;35(6):885-91.
Orbay, J.L. dan Fernandez D.L. Volar Fixation for Dorsally Displaced Fractures of the
Distal Radius: A Preliminary Report.J Hand Surg[Am]. Mar 2002;27(2):205-15.
Shin, E.K. dan Jupiter J.B. Current Concepts in the Management of Distal Radius
Fractures.Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. Agust 2007;74(4):233-46.
Turner, R.G. dkk. Complications of Distal Radius Fractures.Orthop Clin North Am. Apr
2007;38(2):217-28, vi.
Fraktur Radius-Ulna
Anderson, L.D. dkk. 1991. Fractures of the Shafts of the Radius and Ulna. Rockwood
and Greens Fractures in Adults. Edisi ke-3. New York: Lippincott-Raven.
Cramer, K.E. dkk. Reduction of Forearm Fractures in Children Using Axillary Block
Anesthesia.J Orthop Trauma. 1995;9(5):407-10.
Eastell, R. Forearm Fracture.Bone. Mar 1996;18(3 Suppl):203S-207S.
Handoll, H.H. dan Madhok R. Closed Reduction Methods for Treating Distal Radial
Fractures in Adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;4.
Handoll, H.H. dan Madhok R. Surgical Interventions for Treating Distal Radial Fractures
in Adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;4.
Simon, R.R. dkk. 2007. Forearm. Emergency Orthopedics: The Extremities. Edisi ke-5.
New York: McGraw-Hill.
Younger, A.S. dkk. Accurate Prediction of Outcome After Pediatric Forearm Fracture.J
Pediatr Orthop. Mar-Apr 1994;14(2):200-6.
Zautcke, J.L. 1999. Forearm Injuries. Handbook of Orthopaedic Emergencies. Editor: Hart
R.G. dan Rittenberry T.J. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers.
Fraktur Monteggia
Anderson, L.E. dan Meyer F.N. 1991. Fractures of the Shafts of the Radius and Ulna.
Fractures in Adults. Editor: Rockwood, C.A. dkk. Volume 1. Edisi ke-3. Philadelphia,
Pa: JB Lippincott.
Referensi 123
Bado, J.L. The Monteggia Lesion.Clin Orthop Relat Res. Jan-Feb 1967;50:71-86.
Jupiter, J.B. dkk. The Posterior Monteggia Lesion.J Orthop Trauma. 1991;5(4):395-402.
Penrose, J.H. The Monteggia Fracture with Posterior Dislocation of the Radial Head.J
Bone Joint Surg. 1951;33B:65-73.
Reckling, F.W. Unstable Fracture-Dislocation of the Forearm (Monteggia and Galeazzi
lesions).J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:857.
Ring, D. dkk. Monteggia Fractures in Children and Adults.J Am Acad Orthop Surg.
Jul-Agust 1998;6(4):215-24.
Strauss, E.J. dkk. The Posterior Monteggia Lesion with Associated Ulnohumeral
Instability.J Bone Joint Surg Br. Jan 2006;88(1):84-9.
Fraktur Galeazzi
Eberl, R. dkk. Galeazzi Lesions in Children and Adolescents: Treatment and Outcome.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. Jul 2008;466(7):1705-9.
Giannoulis, F.S. dan Sotereanos D.G. Galeazzi Fractures and Dislocations.Hand Clin.
Mei 2007;23(2):153-63, v.
Kontakis, G.M. dkk. The Natural History of A Mistreated Ipsilateral Galeazzi and
Monteggia Lesion: Report of A Case 39 Years Post-Injury.Acta Orthop Belg. Agust
2008;74(4):546-9.
Kraus, B. dan Horne G. Galeazzi Fractures.J Trauma. Nov 1985;25(11):1093-5.
Lendemans, S. dkk. Dislocation Fractures of the Forearm. Galeazzi, Monteggia, and
Essex-Lopresti injuries. Unfallchirurg. Des 2008;111(12):1005-14; quiz 1015-6.
Macintyre, N.R. dkk. Treatment of Forearm Fractures.Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech.
Feb 2009;76(1):7-14.
Reckling, F.W. Unstable Fracture-Dislocations of the Forearm (Monteggia and Galeazzi
lesions).J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jul 1982;64(6):857-63.
Fraktur Colles
Bishop, A.T. dan Beckenbaugh R.D. Fracture of the Hamate Hook.J Hand Surg Am.
Jan 1988;13(1):135-9.
Breitenseher, M.J. dkk. Radiographically Occult Scaphoid Fractures: Value of MR
Imaging in Detection.Radiology. Apr 1997;203(1):245-50.
Brown, D.E. dan Lichtman D.M. Midcarpal Instability.Hand Clin. Feb
1987;3(1):135-40.
Khan, S. dkk. Closed Reduction of Distal Forearm Fractures by Pediatric Emergency
Physicians.Acad Emerg Med. Nov 2010;17(11):1169-1174.
Plint, A.C. dkk. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Removable Splinting versus Casting
for Wrist Buckle Fractures in Children.Pediatrics. Mar 2006;117(3):691-7.
Rockwood, C. dan Green D.1996. Fractures in Adults. New York: Lippincott and Co.
Simon, R. dan Coenigskecht S.1982. Orthopedics in Emergency Medicine. Appleton-

Century and Kross Publishing.
Fraktur Smith
Henry, M.H. Distal Radius Fractures: Current Concepts.J Hand Surg[Am]. Sep
2008;33(7):1215-27.
Kleinman, W.B. Distal Radius Instability and Stiffness: Common Complications of
Distal Radius Fractures.Hand Clin. Mei 2010;26(2):245-64.
Makhni, E.C. dkk. Effect of Patient Age on the Radiographic Outcomes of Distal
Radius Fractures Subject to Nonoperative Treatment.J Hand Surg[Am]. Okt
2008;33(8):1301-8.
Shin, E.K. dan Jupiter J.B. Current Concepts in the Management of Distal Radius
Fractures.Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. Agust 2007;74(4):233-46.
Turner, R.G. dkk. Complications of Distal Radius Fractures.Orthop Clin North Am. Apr
2007;38(2):217-28, vi.
Fraktur Metakarpal
Axelrod, T.S. Metacarpal Fractures.Hand Surgery Update 2. 1999:11-17.
Chin, S.H. dan Vedder N.B. MOC-PSSM CME Article: Metacarpal Fractures.Plast
Reconstr Surg. Jan 2008;121(1 Suppl):1-13.
Drelich, M. dan Godlewski P. Metacarpal Fractures.Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 30 Jun
2004;6(3):331-5.
Fusetti, C. dkk. Complications of Plate Fixation in Metacarpal Fractures.J Trauma. Mar
2002;52(3):535-9.
Harris, A.R. dkk. Metacarpal Neck Fractures: Results of Treatment with Traction
Reduction and Cast Immobilization.Hand (N Y). Jun 2009;4(2):161-4.
Jhass, S. Fractures of the Metacarpals - A New Method of Reduction and Immobilization.J
Bone Joint Surg. 1938;20 (1):178-186.
Liporace, F.A. dkk. Minifragment Screw Fixation of Oblique Metacarpal Fractures:
a Biomechanical Analysis of Screw Types and Techniques.Hand (N Y ). Des
2008;3(4):311-5.
Souer, J.S. dan Mudgal C.S. Plate Fixation in Closed Ipsilateral Multiple Metacarpal
Fractures.J Hand Surg Eur Vol. Des 2008;33(6):740-4.
Stern, P.J. 1999. Fractures of the Metacarpals and Phalanges. Greens Operative Hand
Surgery.Volume 1. Edisi ke-4.
Fraktur Falang
Aitken, S. dan Court-Brown C.M. the Epidemiology of Sports-Related Fractures of the
Hand.Injury. Des 2008;39(12):1377-83.
Referensi 125
Belsky, M.R. dkk. Closed Reduction and Internal Fixation of Proximal Phalangeal
Fractures.J Hand Surg[Am]. Sep 1984;9(5):725-9.
Hoffman, D.F. dan Schaffer TC. Management of Common Finger Injuries.Am Fam
Physician. Mei 1991;43(5):1594-607.
Klein, D.M. dan Belsole R.J. Percutaneous Treatment of Carpal, Metacarpal, and
Phalangeal Injuries.Clin Orthop Relat Res. Jun 2000;375:116-25.

Referensi PDF

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Referensi PDF

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Referensi Bab

Osteochondroses. In: Bralow L. Dalam Bone and Joint Imaging.

Donatto, K.C. 1998. Orthopedic Management of Septic Arthritis. Rheumatic

Rimoin, D.L. dkk.The Skeletal Displasias: Clinical-Molecular Correlations.Ann

KamounGoldrat, A.S., dan M.F. Le Merrer.2007.Animal Models of Osteogenesis

Hall, J.C.1988. Review and Hipotheses: Somatic Mosaicism. Observationsrelated

Aterman, K., Welch J.P., Taylor P.G.1983. Presumed Homozygous Akondroplasia.

Horton, W.A. dkk.

Lejman, T, Kowalczyk B. Results of Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot with Modified

Osteomielitis Hematogen Akut

Kiang, K.M., dkk. 2005. Outbreak of Osteomyelitis/Septic Arthritis Caused by

Osteomielitis Piogenik Akut

Rice, P.A. Gonococcal Arthritis (Disseminated Gonococcal Infection). Infect Dis

Lauerman, W.C., M. Regan. 1996. Spine. Review of Orthopaedics. Editor: Miller

Sinovitis Transien pada Hip

Keenan, G.F. 1997.Transient Synovitis. The Five Minute Pediatric Consult.736.

Arnett, F.C. dkk. 1988.

Edwards, C.J. 2005Immunological Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis.Br Med

Salzman, K.L., W.A. Lillegard, J.D. Butcher. 1997.Upper Extremity Bursitis.Am

Artritis Rematik Juvenil

Chikanza, I.C.2002. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Therapeutic

Demam Rematik Akut

. The Nature of Rheumatogenic Streptococci.Mt Sinai J

Uhthoff, H.K., dan J.W.Loehr. 1997. Calcific Tendinopathy of the Rotator

Jabaley, M.E. 1999. Surgical Treatment of Dupuytrens Disease.Hand

Bigatti, S.M. dkk.2008. Sleep Disturbances in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Relationship

Treatment of Fibromyalgia and Its Symptoms.Expert Opin

Epicondylitis in the Athlete.Clin Sports

Sharma, P., N Maffulli.2005. Tendon Injury and Tendinopathy: Healing and

Fam, A.G.1997. Regional Pain Problems. Practical Rheumatology. Editor: J.H.

Amor, B., M. Dougados, M. Mijiyawa.1990. Criteria of the Classification of Spon

Study of 1511 Patients with PlaqueType Psoriasis.Br J Dermatol.Mei

Mankin, H.J. dan Mankin C.J.Metabolic Bone Disease: An Update.Instr Course

Lynn, S.G. dkk.Balance Characteristics of Persons with Osteoporosis.Arch Phys Med

Mantovani, G. dkk.Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Resistance in

Moley, J.F. dkk.Hereditary Endocrinopathies.Curr Probl Surg.Sep1999;36(9):653-

Mankin, H.J.Nontraumatic Necrosis of Bone (Osteonecrosis).N Engl J Med.28 Mei

Martinez-Lavin, M.Digital Clubbing and Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy: A Unifying

Terkeltaub, R.A. dkk.Apolipoprotein (apo) E Inhibits the Capacity of Monosodium

Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease

Hochberg, M.C. dkk.Guidelines for the Medical Management of Osteoarthritis. Part

Furlan, A.D. dkk.Massage for Low Back Pain.Cochrane Database Syst

Kalichman, L. dkk.Spinal Stenosis Prevalence and Association with Symptoms: The

Hu, S.S. dkk.Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis.Instr Course Lect.2008;57:431-45.

Morscher, E. dkk.Surgical Treatment of Spondylolisthesis by Bone Grafting and Direct

Papadopoulos, S.M. dan Hoff J.T.Anatomical Treatment of Cervical Spondylosis.Clin

Louis, D.S.Incomplete Release of the First Dorsal Compartment--A Diagnostic Test.J

Sindrom Terowongan Karpal

Koman, L.A. dkk.Neuromuscular Blockade in the Management of Cerebral Palsy.J

Jenkins, H.E. dkk.Effectiveness of Immunization Against Paralytic Poliomyelitis in

Infark Korda Spina

Gangguan Pleksus Saraf

Colbert, S.H. dan Mackinnon S.E.Nerve Transfers for Brachial Plexus

Lisle, D.A. dan Johnstone S.A.Usefulness of Muscle Denervation as An MRI Sign of

Yanagisawa, A. dkk. POMT2 Intragenic Deletions and Splicing Abnormalities Causing

Pesticides Initiative. The National Environmental Education & Training Foundation.

Durr, H.R. dkk. Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Bone.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.

Sarkoma Sel Retikulum

in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Multiple Myeloma.Leukemia. Sep

Rajkumar, S.V. dkk. A Randomized Trial of Lenalidomide Plus High-Dose

Osteoklastoma (Giant Cells Tumor)

McCarthy, E.F. Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone: An Historical Perspective.Clin Orthop.