Chemistry SPM (Revision Chapter 3 Form 4)

1 Diagram 1 shows an experiment to determine the empirical formula of copper

(II) oxide.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik
kuprum (II) oksida.

Copper(II) oxide
Combustion tube
Kuprum(II) oksida
Tiub pembakaran Hydrogen flame
Hydrogen gas
Gas hidrogen Nyalaan hidrogen
Dilute hydrochloric acid
Asid hidroklorik cair
Asbestos paper
Heat Kertas asbestos
Panaskan

Anhydrous calcium chloride

Zinc pieces Kalsium klorida kontang
Ketulan zink
DIAGRAM / RAJAH 1
Result :Keputusan :
Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper = 58.36
g
Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos
Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + copper (II) oxide = 91.96 g
Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos+ kuprum (II) oksida
Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + copper = 85.24 g
Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos+ kuprum

(a) What is meant by empirical formula?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik?

.
[1 mark]
(b) What is the function of anhydrous calcium chloride?
Apakah fungsi kalsium klorida kontang?

.
[1 mark]
(c) How to ensure that the combustion tube has been totally filled with
hydrogen gas?
Bagaimana untuk memastikan bahawa tiub pembakaran telah dipenuhi
dengan gas hidrogen?

.
 .
[2 marks]

(d) Based on the above results,

Berdasarkan keputusan di atas,

(i) Calculate the mass of copper and the mass of oxygen that have
reacted.
Hitungkan jisim kuprum dan jisim oksigen yang bertindak balas.

[1 mark]

(ii) Calculate the mole ratio of copper atoms to oxygen atoms.

Hitungkan nisbah mol bagi atom kuprum kepada atom oksigen.

[ Relative atomic mass / Jisim atom relatif : O = 16 ; Cu = 64 ]

[1 mark]
(iii) Determine the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide.
Tentukan formula empirik kuprum (II) oksida.

[1 mark]
(iv) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen
tersebut.

[1 mark]

(e) Does this method suitable to determine the empirical formula of

aluminium oxide? Explain your answer.
Adakah kaedah ini sesuai untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi
aluminium oksida.
Jelaskan jawapan anda.

.
 .
[2 marks]

2. A student had carried out an experiment to determine the empirical

formula of magnesium oxide. The experiment was carried out according to
the following steps.
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk menentukan formula
empirik magnesium oksida. Eksperimen ini telah dijalankan berdasarkan
langkah-langkah seperti berikut.

Step 1 : A crucible and a lid are weighed.

Mangkuk pijar dan penutup ditimbang
Step 2 : The crucible, lid and a strip of clean magnesium ribbon are weighed.
Mangkuk pijar, penutup dan segulung magnesium yang bersih
ditimbang.
Step 3 : Magnesium ribbon is strongly heated.
Gulungan magnesium dipanaskan dengan kuat.
Step 4 : The crucible, lid and magnesium oxide are weighed again when
cooled.
Mangkuk pijar, penutup dan magnesium oksida ditimbang setelah
disejukkan
Step 5 : The process of heating, cooling and weighing is repeated until a
constant mass is obtained.
Proses pemanasan, penyejukan dan penimbangan diulang sehingga
jisim yang sekata diperoleh.

Figure shows the reading of the electronic balance which were obtained from
the experiment.
Rajah menunjukkan bacaan penimbang elektronik yang diperoleh dari
eksperimen.

a) Why was the magnesium ribbon is cleaned with sand paper before it was
heated? (1 mark)
Mengapakah gulungan magnesium dibersihkan dengan kertas pasir
sebelum dipanaskan?
 _____________________________________________________________________

b) Why does the crucible lid need to be opened once a while? (1 mark)
Mengapakah penutup mangkuk pijar perlu dibuka sekali sekala?
___________________________________________________________________________

c) What is the meaning of empirical formula?

(1 mark)
Apakah maksud formula empirik?

_____________________________________________________________________

d) Record the reading for:

(3 marks)
Rekodkan bacaan untuk:

(i) The mass of crucible and lid = _____________ g

Jisim mangkuk pijar dan penutup

(ii) The mass of crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon = _____________ g

Jisim mangkuk pijar, penutup dan gulungan magnesium

(iii) The mass of crucible, lid and magnesium oxide when cooled :
Jisim mangkuk pijar , penutup dan magnesium oksida apabila
disejukkan:
a. First weighing Timbangan kali pertama : _________ g
b. Second weighing Timbangan kali kedua : _________ g
c. Third weighing Timbangan kali ketiga: _________ g

e) Determine the values of the following:

Tentukan nilai yang berikut:
(a) Mass of magnesium/ jisim magnesium
(1 mark)

(b)Mass of oxygen/ jisim oksigen

(1 mark)
 f) Determine the empirical formula for magnesium oxide.
(3 marks)
[relative atomic mass : O = 16 ; Mg = 24]

3. Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for two different experiments to

determine the empirical formula for K metal oxide and L metal oxide.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua eksperimen yang berbeza bagi
menentukan formula empirik oksida logam K dan oksida logam L.
 L metal oxide
Oksida logam L

Set-up of apparatus Experiment II

Crucible
Susunan radas eksperimen II
Mangkuk pijar

Dry hydrogen gas

K metal oxide
Oksida Gas hidrogen kering
Heat logam K
Panaskan

Set-up of apparatus Experiment I

Susunan radas eksperimen I
 DIAGRAM / RAJAH 1

(a) Suggest a suitable metal for metal K anf metal L.

Cadangkan satu logam yang sesuai bagi logam K dan logam L

[2 marks]
(b) Explain your answer in (a) based on the properties of metal reactivity.
Terangkan jawapan anda di (a) berdasar sifat sifat kereaktifan logam

[1 marks]

(c) (i) In experiment I, describe how dry hydrogen gas can be obtained.
Dalam eksperimen I, huraikan bagaimana gas hidrogen kering
diperolehi.

.
[2 marks]
(ii) Write the chemical equation involved in (c) (i).
Tuliskan persamaan yang terlibat di (c)(i)

.
[1 mark]

(c) (i) In experiment II, when L metal starts to burn, crucible should be
closed and
opened once a while until all L have reacted.
The result obtained as follows:
Dalam eksperimen II, apabila logam L mula terbakar, mangkuk
pijar
perlu ditutup dan dibuka sekali-sekala sehingga semua L
bertindak balas. Keputusan yang diperolehi adalah seperti
berikut,

Crucible + lid
Mangkuk pijar + tudung = 32.28 g
Crucible + lid + L
Mangkuk pijar + tudung + L = 33.31 g
Crucible + lid + L after heating
Mangkuk pijar + tudung + L selepas pemanasan = 33.99
g
 Calculate the empirical formula for L oxide.
Use the information, relative atomic mass for L, 24: O,16
Hitungkan formula empirik oksida L
Gunakan maklumat jisim atom relatif bagi L = 24 dan O = 16

[3 marks]

(e) How to ensure the reaction in both experiment is complete?

Bagaimanakah untuk memastikan tindak balas dalam kedua-dua
eksperimen lengkap berlaku.

[1 mark]