Biology

OSMOSISLAB

GroupMembers:
ChalearmchutidathRamita,Oil
ChewpreechaChadakarn,Sunsun
LeMinhHoangNgoc,Jenny
SomyarakBralee,Toto
WetchaponYanisa,Anna

Section:1005
Date: Friday, March 10th 2017
Introduction
( attached to the back of the lab report )
Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to observe the process of osmosis in

term of different tonicity by comparing the effects of placing jelly and
potatoes in different solutions.
Hypothesis

Jellies

- If jellies are soaked in the distilled water, then the jelly will swell and has more
volume and mass.
- If jellies are soaked in the salt water, then the jelly will shrink has less volume
and mass.
Potatoes
- If potatoes are soaked in the distilled water, then the potatoes will shrink and
have less volume and mass.
- If potatoes are soaked in salt water, then the potatoes will swell and have more
volume and mass.
Materials

- 6 beakers
- Electronic Balance
- Distilled water
- Concentrated salt water
- 3 Jellies
- 3 Potato Pieces
- Calculator
- Knife
- Weighing paper
- Markers
- Lab Coat
- Cylinder
Procedures /Methods:

- Collect the materials that your group need (3 Jelly and Half a Potato)
- Use the knife to cut the potato into equal pieces
- Use the electronic balance to find the mass of your jelly. Remember
to lay down a piece of weighing paper and set to zero.
- Record your data
- Record descriptive observations about the jelly prior to the
experiment.
- Measure the initial volume of the jelly and the potato and record the
data.
- Fill your 1st beaker halfway distilled water. Put one of your jelly into
the beaker. Set the beaker aside for one hour. Label the beaker using
marker.
- Fill your 2nd beaker with concentrated salt solution halfway. Put your
2nd jelly into that beaker. Set beaker aside for one hour. Label the
beaker.
- Put your 3rd jelly into an empty beaker without putting anything in it.
That should be your control.
- Put the 4th beaker halfway with distilled water. Put one of your potato
pieces into the beaker. Set the beaker aside for one hour. Label the
beaker.
- Put the 5th beaker halfway with concentrated salt solution halfway.
Put your second potato pieces into that beaker and set it aside for an
hour. Label the beaker.
- Place your last piece of potato pieces into the last beaker, empty.
That is your control for the potato. Label the beaker.
- Make sure you label all the beakers distilled water or concentrated
salt solution with some markers.
- After one hour, come back and look at each of the beakers and
record the data volume and mass of both the jellies in two beaker and
both the potato in two other beakers
- Also record the descriptive data for what the jelly and the potato look
like now after being soaked for an hour.
- Calculate the percent change in the size of each jelly and potato.
- Percent change in volume
- Percent change in mass
Data Tables
Data table A: Volume and mass of jelly before soaked in distilled water (hypotonic) and
salt water (hypertonic)

Jelly 1 (purple) Jelly 2 (purple)

Dimensions Initial: before Final: after Initial: before Final: After

soaking soaking in soaking soaking in salt
distilled water water

Volume 3 ml 4.5 ml 3.5 ml 2.5 ml

Mass 5.09 g 5.90 g 5.14 g 3. 98 g

Data table B: Volume and mass of potato piece before soaked in distilled water
(hypotonic) and salt water (hypertonic)

Potato 1 (light yellow) Potato 2 (light yellow)

Dimensions Initial: before Final: after Initial: before Final: After

soaking soaking in soaking soaking in salt
distilled water water

Volume 5.5 ml 6 ml 5 ml 4.5 ml

Mass 5.92 g 6.55 g 6.16 g 5.02 g

Data table C: Observation of jelly before soak into distilled water and salt water.

Jelly 1 (purple) Jelly 2 (purple)

Descriptive Observations Before Descriptive observations Before

Soaking in Distilled Water: Soaking in Salt Water:
Sticky, easy to hold, blur purple color, Sticky, easy to hold, blur purple color,
 grape flavor, sweet smell (little of sour), grape flavor, sweet smell (little of sour),
round shape, flexible. round shape, flexible.

Descriptive Observations After Descriptive Observations After

Soaking in Distilled Water:
Pale transparent purple color, have little
of white line outside, same size, still have
smell (but not clearly as first), slippery.
Soaking in Salt Water:
Pale transparent purple color, have a lot
of white line outside, same size, still have
smell (but not clearly as first), slippery,
have white flakes in solution.

Data table D: Observation of potato before soak into distilled water and salt water.

Potato 1 (light yellow) Potato 2 (light yellow)

Descriptive Observations Before Descriptive observations Before

Soaking in Distilled Water: Soaking in Salt Water:
Cube, light yellow, hard, clear texture, Cube, light yellow, hard, clear texture,
normal size (just right with the cylinder) quite big (because at first cannot fit the
cylinder)

Descriptive Observations After Descriptive Observations After

Soaking in Distilled Water: Soaking in Salt Water:
Pale yellow color (all of the piece, not just Pale yellow, smaller (because at the time
outside line like the jelly), the size seems put into the cylinder to measure volume, it
to be the same fit)

Data table E: Percentage change in mass and volume of jelly (soak in distilled water
and salt water)

Jelly 1 (purple): soaked Jelly 2 (purple):

in distilled water soaked in salt water

Percentage change in volume 50% -28. 57 %

Percentage change in mass 15. 91 % -22. 57 %

Data table F: Percentage change in mass and volume of potato (soak in distilled water
and salt water)

Potato 1 (light yellow): Potato 2 (light

soaked in distilled yellow): soaked in
water salt water

Percentage change in volume 9.1 % -10 %

Percentage change in mass 10. 6 % -18. 5%

Bar Graph

Jelly 1 (purple): soaked in Jelly 2 (purple): soaked in

distilled water salt water

Percent change in volume 50 % -28.57%

Percent change in mass 15.91% -22.57%

 Potato 1 (light yellow): Potato 2 (light yellow):
soaked in distilled water soaked in salt water

Percent change in volume 9.1% -10%

Percent change in mass 10.6 % -18.5%

Analysis Results

1. What happened to the jellies after being soaked in distilled water and salt water
for an hour? Why? Be descriptive and detailed in your answer. Use your
knowledge of membrane transport.

- An hour after placing the jellies in different solutions, the jellies are being
observed. As the result, jellies that are soaked in the distilled water are swelled
because the concentration of solute in the solution is lower than inside of the cell.
In other words, it means the jellies are swelled because it is a hypotonic solution.
On the other hands, the jellies that are soaked in the salt water shrinks because
the concentration of solute in the solution is higher than inside of the cell or to be
called a Hypotonic solution which means the condition which the solution has
high solutes.

2. What happened to the potato after being soaked in distilled water and salt water
for an hour? Be descriptive and detailed in your answer. Use your knowledge of
membrane transport.

- An hour after placing the potatoes in different solutions, the potatoes are being

observed. As the result, potatoes that are soaked in distilled water are shrinked

because concentration of solute in the solution is higher than inside of the cell

which means they are a hypertonic solution. Hypertonic solution refers to when

the solution contains high solute. In the same place, potatoes that are soaked in

salt water are swelled because the concentration of the solute in the solution is

lower than the solute inside the cell or to be called a hypotonic solution, a

condition where a solution contains less solute.

Conclusion
By doing this experiment, it shows how osmosis reacts differently in
different solutions regarding to tonicity. In conclusion, this experiment
demonstrates how the membrane transport work in terms of osmosis. From
the results and graph, it shows clearly that potatoes and jellies are both
swelled in the distilled water, on the other hand, it shrinks when they are
placed in salt water.
Worklog

Name Job/Role

Anna Hypothesis
Methods

Jenny Data Tables

Bar Graph
Methods

Oil Purpose
Analysis Results Question
Conclusion
Sunsun Analysis Results Questions
Methods

Toto Materials
Analysis Results Questions
Conclusion
Introduction (Jenny)

The plasma membrane is common to all cells. It helps to separate the inner (cytoplasm)

environment of the cell to the outer environment. Secondly, it helps the organism to maintain

homeostasis (the balance between outside and inside) by controlling what comes into and out of

the cell. To understand about how can the cell membrane control the balance of the cell, take

note, and remember that, the plasma membrane is selectively permeable. Selective permeable

meaning it able to choose which substance can go in and out of the cell, which cannot (either go

in or out). Cell continuously move molecules in and out of the cytoplasm across the plasma

membrane (Lab 3: Diffusion and Osmosis, n.d.). There are two types of membrane transport.

Passive transport was against the concentration gradient. Because the movement of the

molecules was from the place that content less molecules to the place that have more molecules,

shortly was from low to high concentration gradient. This transport required the energy (from

ATP). Next, passive transport, which is the main topic that will focus in from now on. Opposite

with active transport, it was along the concentration gradient. The molecules from a side that

have more population will move to the place that have a less molecules population. This is the

automatic, the mature process, so it required no energy.

Diffusion is the passive transport of a particle (biology online, n.d.). We can also understand it as

spreading out into many regions, places. There are three types of diffusion (or can be three types

of passive transport). Simple diffusion was the movement of small polar (slightly charge) or

nonpolar (no charge) particle directly through the phospholipid bilayer. Facilitate diffusion is

when the big particles (no matter polar or nonpolar) and ions, molecules have to receive the
supporting of some of the many types of protein to get into the cell. Finally, osmosis, this is the

special case of simple diffusion and just only focus on the movement of water across the

membrane from an area. Just like another two types it required no energy.

To understand more about the osmosis, imagine the beaker with the layer (membrane) put in the

middle, spate beaker into half and this layer just only allow the small molecules like hydrogen to

pass. Put in some solvent on both sides. If the amount of solvent in both sides was equal with

each other, we call these two solutions was isotonic. On the other hand, if the amount of solvent

in one side is more than the other side, the side with more solvent would call hypertonic and

hypotonic is the solution with less solute. When we put the solvent in, because its too big and it

was polar nature (we know it polar when it could dissolve in water) so it will attract with water

molecules, this lead to reducing in number of free water molecules at the hypertonic side

(ToxCafe, 2011). In this case, the water will naturally move from the hypotonic side to the

hypertonic side, and rise the water level in the hypotonic side.

If put an object, more specific was a cell, in these two types of solution, two situations will

appear. If the concentration of the solute in the solution is lower than inside the cell, cell place in

this hypotonic solution will be swell, because water leaves the cell (Osmosis and tonicity, n.d.).

Oppositely, if the concentration of solute in the solution is higher than inside the cell, cell place

in this hypertonic solution, water will enter the cell, the cell will be shrink (Osmosis and tonicity,

n.d.).

In this osmosis phenomenon, it would be shown in the osmosis lab. To understand how the

object will respond to the different type solution environment (hypotonic and hypertonic). At the
end, after leaving the sample aside for a while, by measuring the mass and volume and calculate

out into percentage to determine whether if the object absorbs water or release water, and how

much if it absorb/release.

References:

Lab 3: Diffusion and Osmosis (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://faculty.evansville.edu/be6/b1075/labpdf05/Lab3.pdf

Diffusion (n.d.), Diffusion - Biology-Online Dictionary. Retrieved from

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diffusion

ToxCafe (2011, June 14). How osmosis work. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3_8FSrqc-I

Khan Academy (n.d.). Osmosis and tonicity. Retrieved from

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport/diffusion-and-osmosis/

a/osmosis
 Osmosis Lab(sunsun)

Introduction

In the process of passive diffusion, a substance tends to move from an area of

high concentration to an area of low concentration until its concentration becomes
equal throughout a space.(" (osmosis)", 2017)
Osmosis is one of the part of passive diffusion.Osmosis is the movement of
a solvent that usually is the water through a membrane from solution to solution at
low concentration to high concentration such as more water move to less water
through the membrane
The osmotic pressure has two types.
1. Osmotic pressure is the pressure that occurs to counter the movement of a
solvent through a membrane. Osmotic pressure use of force against the
motion of the water not to move from
more amount of water to less amount of water
(2) Turgor pressure is the pressure that occurs within a cell. Happen from water by
osmosis into the cell and push the cells to swell . When too much water in the cells
where the cells may wreck.However,if it is a plant cell,it will not be wreck because
it has cell wall to have stable shape.
The three types of osmotic are called hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic . They
describe the osmotic state of the solution that surrounds a cell, not the solution
inside the cell. Hypertonic cause water to diffuse out of the cell, making the cell
shrivel. Hypotonic cause water to move into the cell swelling it. Lastly, isotonic
conditions also allow movement of water in and out of the cell, but with no net
increase inside or outside of the cell.("What Are the Two Main Types of
Diffusion & Osmosis?", 2017)

By doing this experiment, we will demonstrate how osmosis happen.Jellies

and potatoes will be shown how they going to look like in distilled water and salt
water as the effect of being soaked in different solution that will show to the
passive diffusion that called osmosis. We will also know that will the diffusion
happen with the plant cells of the potatoes through the cellulose, and will the
diffusion happen through the surface of the jellies.

Reference

(osmosis). (2017).
. Retrieved 6 March 2017, from
http://www.scimath.org/socialnetwork/groups/viewbulletin/277-+(osm
osis)?groupid=114

What Are the Two Main Types of Diffusion & Osmosis?. (2017).
Education.seattlepi.com. Retrieved 6 March 2017, from
http://education.seattlepi.com/two-main-types-diffusion-osmosis-4270.html
Bralee Somyarak (Toto)

5960169

Introduction

Imagine that the path to enter the university is like a passing through a

semipermeable cell membrane, which semipermeable basically means to let only something

pass through in and out of the cell. Cell membrane transport is like enrolling in the

university. There are many ways of enrollment such as taking priority of having wide

connections with powerful people, taking normal admission exams, able to reserve a place

for the quota system, and lastly to go with the flow and deciding not to apply for the

university. To take priorities of having wide connections with people who could put you

easily in the university is considered a cheating way. This way of entering a university

could be referred to the Active Transport. According to Khan Academy, the active

transport is known as moving uphill or against the concentration gradient, and this type

of transportation requires energy (ATP) from the cell with the assistance, integral

membrane proteins. Taking Entrance/Admission exams is referred to as Passive Transport

specifically Simple diffusion. Simple diffusion is a process of diffusion that occurs without

the aid of an integral membrane protein. ("What is simple diffusion?", 2017) Mostly in

this type of diffusion, the small materials can be passed through cell membrane easily.

Some universities may accept the student by having the Quota system that allows us to

apply without taking any examinations, but we just have to meet all of their requirements
in the first place instead. The quota system is similar to another kind of Passive Transport

that is known as Facilitated Diffusion in which channel and carrier protein comes in and

assists to the process. Facilitated diffusion is passive transport that uses integral

membrane proteins to help larger, charged, hydrophilic, and polar molecules across a

concentration gradient.("Passive Transport in Cells: Simple and Facilitated Diffusion &

Osmosis - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com", 2013) Then, the last type of the Passive

Cell transport is Osmosis, generally the transportation of only water in and out of the cell

through cell membrane along the concentration gradients like going with the flow and not

enrolling in the university. In osmosis, there are three types of solution, which are

hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. The hypertonic solution contains higher solute

concentration and lower solvent concentrations. In contrast, the hypotonic solution is the

solution that contains lower solute concentration and higher solvent concentration. An

isotonic solution is basically referring to the solution that both the solvent and solute are

equilibrium to each other.

As discussed above, there are two types of cell membrane transports, which are

passive transport and active transport. The passive transport is the type of transportation

of materials in and out of cell that does not require any energy, and also are divided into

three groups including simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. In this

experiment, there will be a demonstration of how osmosis works by using jellies and

potatoes and referred to it as a cell and distilled water and salt water as a solvent. The

jellies and the potatoes will be measured by mass and volume. Then, they will be soaked in

both of the solvents to be observed again by measuring later on. The purpose of this lab is
 to demonstrate and to observe closely how osmosis works also to see either the distilled

water or the salt water is a hypertonic or hypotonic solution

References

Passive Transport in Cells: Simple and Facilitated Diffusion & Osmosis - Video & Lesson

Transcript | Study.com. (2013). Study.com. Retrieved from

http://study.com/academy/lesson/active-and-passive-transport-across-the-cell-membrane.ht

ml

What is simple diffusion?. (2017). Reference. Retrieved from

https://www.reference.com/science/simple-diffusion-f9bf0c689ab3270c

Khan Academy. (2017). Khan Academy. Retrieved from

https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/transport-across-a-cell-membrane/a/pa

ssive-transport-and-active-transport-across-a-cell-membrane-article
Biology 1005

2 March 2017

Oil, Ramita Chalearmchutidath

INTRODUCTION

All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. According to Membrane Structure

and Function, Cell membrane is arranged in phospholipid bilayer with embedded

proteins (line 3). Most of the membrane structure composed of phospholipids and

proteins. Phospholipids contain the hydrophilic head which means it like water and

hydrophobic tail which mean it hates water so the head will face toward the water and

the tail will face away from the water which forms bilayer that acts as the barrier (Bailey,

n.d.). In cell membrane, some proteins are found inside lipid bilayer while other proteins

are outside of lipid bilayer. The cell membrane is selectively permeable which mean it

allows specific things to go in and out of the cell (Diffusion and passive transport, 2016).

This characteristic of cell membrane plays a big role in membrane transport. There are

two types of membrane transport, which are active transport and passive transport.

Active transport is the movement of substances against the concentration gradient,

which mean the substances move from lower to the higher concentration; therefore, it

required energy (Active transport, n.d.). There are two types of protein that involved in

active transport that is channel protein and a carrier protein. On the other hand, Passive

transport is the movement of substances along the concentration gradient, which mean

the substances move from higher to lower concentration without using the energy

(Passive transport, 2009).Only one type of protein is involved in passive transport which

is carrier protein. Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and Osmosis are 3 types of passive

transport. The simplest type of passive transport is diffusion, which is the process in

which the molecules spread from a zone of high concentration to a zone of low

concentration. Facilitated diffusion is the process in which the substances move across

the cell membrane through the membrane proteins, which are called carrier protein

(Ungos, 2011). The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from

an area of higher water intensity to an area of lower water intensity is called osmosis

(Osmosis, 2014). In other words, water moves from low solute intensity to high solute

intensity. Osmosis depends on 3 types of solution, which are isotonic, hypotonic and

hypertonic solution, as it makes different for the net movement of water. An isotonic

solution is a state in which the concentration of solute and water are equal so osmosis

occurs but the cells shape still be the same. Hypotonic solution is the state in which

there is less solute concentration compared to a cell, which means the water move into

the cell causing the cell to be bigger in shape and size. A Hypertonic solution is a state

that there is more solute concentration compare to a cell, which means the water inside
 the cell move out causing the cell to be smaller in shape and size (Hypotonic, Isotonic,

Hypertonic. , n.d.)

In the experiment, potatoes and jellies are used to represent the cells. There are

three beakers provided for each cell, which is a beaker with distilled water that is a

hypotonic solution, a beaker with the concentrated salt water that is a hypertonic

solution and an empty beaker that uses for the control variable. Potatoes and jellies are

put into those beakers in order to observe the water movement and how the shape,

mass, and volume of potato and jelly change or react to the hypotonic and hypertonic

solutions. The purpose of this experiment is to observe the process of osmosis in term

of different solute concentration by comparing the effects of placing jelly and potato in

different solutions.

REFERENCES

Chapter 5 - Membrane Structure and Function. (n.d.). Retrieved March 07, 2017, from

https://www.biologycorner.com/APbiology/cellular/notes_cell_membrane.html

Bailey, R. (n.d.). Cell Membranes Function, Structure and Composition. Retrieved

March 07, 2017, from https://www.thoughtco.com/cell-membrane-373364

 Diffusion and passive transport. (2016). Retrieved March 05, 2017, from

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport/passive-trans

port/a/diffusion-and-passive-transport

BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Active transport - Higher. (n.d.). Retrieved March 08, 2017, from

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_pre_2011/homeostasis/imp

ortancerev6.shtml

Passive transport. (2009, July 13). Retrieved March 05, 2017, from

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Passive_transport

Animation: How Diffusion Works. (2017). Retrieved March 05, 2017, from

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation_

_how_diffusion_works.html

BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Osmosis. (2014). Retrieved March 05, 2017, from

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/cells/cells4.shtm

Ungos, D. (2011, November 26). Types of movement across the cell membrane.

Retrieved March 08, 2017, from

https://www.slideshare.net/lizza919/types-of-movement-across-the-cell-membrane

"Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic." Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic Flashcards | Quizlet.

N.p., n.d. Retrieved March 09, 2017, from

https://quizlet.com/14580668/hypotonic-isotonic-hypertonic-flash-cards/