ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI -600 025

B.E/B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATIONS NOV/DEC 2014

(B.E. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)
SEVENTH SEMESTER
REGULATIONS : R-2008
EE2404- Power System Simulation Laboratory

Time 3 Hours Max: 100 Marks

1. A three phase overhead line 200km long R = 0.16 ohm/km and Conductor diameter of 2cm with
spacing 4, 5, 6 m transposed. Find the transmission line parameters when the line is delivering full
load of 50MW at 132kV, 0.8 power factor lagging, transmission efficiency, receiving end voltage and
regulation.

2.DevelopaprogramtoobtainbusadmittancematrixYbusofthegivenpower
system.Useanysuitableassumptions

G1 G2

T1 T2

1 2

0.1+0.3j
0.02j 0.15+0.5j
0.2+0.6j Line Starting Ending Series Line
0.028j Number Bus Bus Line Changing
0.0125j
Impedance Admittance
1 1 2 0.1+0.3j 0.02j
3
2 2 3 0.15+0.5j 0.0125j
3 3 1 0.2+0.6j 0.028j

Figure1Table1
3. An isolated power station has the following parameters
Turbine time constant, T = 0.5sec, Governor time constant, g = 0.2sec
Generator inertia constant, H = 5sec. Governor speed regulation = R per unit
The load varies by 0.8 percent for a 1 percent change in frequency, i.e, D = 0.8
Find the load frequency dynamics of the system

4. Perform load flow analysis by Newton raphson method.Useanysuitableassumptions

Line Reactive power

Starting Bus Voltage Magnitude Angle Real power
No.
1 1 1.04 0 0 0
2 2 1 10.69 0 0
3 3 1.05 20 0 0

Table 4.1

G1 G2

T1 T2
Line
Line Starting Ending Series Line
Changing
G1 No. Bus Bus Impedance
G1 Admittance
G1 1 1 2 0.2+0.6j 0.05j
2 2 3 0.25+0.0125j 0.035j
3 3 1 0.02+0.28j 0.015j

Figure 4 Table 4.2

5. Develop a program to carry out simulation of a symmetrical three phase short circuit on a given
power system.Useanysuitableassumptions

1 2 3 Line Starting Ending Line

G1 3
No. Bus Bus Changing
2
G1 Admittance
G1 1 1 2 0.05j
G2 2 1 2 0.05j
3 1 3 0.1j
4 2 3 0.06j
4

Figure 5 Table 5.1

Transient
Generator Data Gradient Reactance Transformer Data
Reactance
G1 0.25j T1 0.10j
G2 0.20j T2 0.08j
Table 5.2
Table 5.3

6. The fuel cost functions for three thermal plants in $/h are given by
C1 = 500 + 5.3 P1 + 0.004 P12 ; P1 in MW
2
C2 = 400 + 5.5 P2 + 0.006 P2 ; P2 in MW
C3 = 200 +5.8 P3 + 0.009 P32 ; P3 in MW
The total load , PD is 800MW.Neglecting line losses and generator limits, find the optimal dispatch
and the total cost in $/h by analytical method. Verify the result using MATLAB program
7. Develop a program to obtain bus impedance matrix Z-bus of the given power system.Useany
suitableassumptions

Figure 7

Line
Line Starting Ending Series Line
Changing
No. Bus Bus Impedance
Admittance
1 1 2 0.1+0.4j 0.15j
2 2 3 0.15+0.6j 0.02j
3 2 4 0.18+0.55j 0.018j
4 3 4 0.1+0.35j 0.012j
5 4 1 0.25+0.7j 0.03j

Table 7
 8. Develop a program to compute bus admittance matrix for the given power system
network. Also verify the obtained results with calculated values. Use any suitable
assumptions













Figure8
LINEDATA:

Buscode LineImpedance ChargingAdmittance
12 0.2+j0.8 j0.02
23 0.3+j0.9 j0.03
24 0.25+j1.0 j0.04
34 0.2+j0.8 j0.02
1 3 0.1+j0.4 j0.01


















 9. Develop a program to compute bus admittance matrix for the given power system
network.Lineadmittancevaluesareshowninthefigure.Alsoverifytheobtainedresults
withcalculatedvalues.Useanysuitableassumptions

Figure9





10. Develop a program to compute bus impedance matrix for the given power system
networkshowninfigure10.Useanysuitableassumptions
Generatorreactance:0.2p.u&0.25p.uforG1andG2respectively.
Transformerleakagereactance:0.08p.u&0.1p.uforT1andT2respectively.

Figure10

11. Develop a program m to compute bus imp pedance maatrix for th
he given po
ower system
m
network. Lineimped dancevalueesandtranssientreactan nceofgenerator&tran nsformerarre
inp.uissshownintheefigure.11..Useanysu
uitableassum
mptions

Figure11






122. Determin ne fault currrent, bus vo
oltages andd line flows,, when shorrt circuit faault occurs at
a
bus 3 fo
or the systeem in figure 12 by u using avaailable softwware. Use any suitablle
assumptions

Figure12

 13. Asinglephaseoverheadtransmissionlinedelivers1100kWat11kVat0.8P.F.lagging.
The total resistance and inductive reactance of the line are 8 ohm and 16 ohm
respectively.Determinea)Receivingendcurrent.b)Sendingendvoltage.c)Sendingend
power.d)TransmissionefficiencyandE)Percentageregulation.







14. Apowersystemconsistsoftwo,100MWunits,whoseinputcostdataarerepresentedby
thefollowingequations:
F1=0.05P12+20P1+800Rs/hr.
F2=0.06P22+15P2+1000Rs/hr.
IfthetotalreceivedpowerP=150MW.Whatwouldbethedivisionofloadbetweenthe
units for the most economic operation? Assume the initial Lambda value. Also verify the
obtainedresultwithcalculatedvalue.






15. Thefuelcostoftwounitsaregivenby
F1=0.1P12+20P1+1.5Rs/hr.
F2=0.1P22+30P2+1.9Rs/hr.
Ifthetotaldemandonthegenerationis200MW,findtheeconomicloadschedulingofthe
two units. Assume the initial Lambda value. Also verify the obtained result with the
calculatedvalue.

16. Thefuelcostoftwounitsaregivenby
F1=0.04P12+16P1+2.8Rs/hr.
F2=0.04P22+12P2+4.6Rs/hr.
TheBmnmatrixisgivenby0.01 0.005
0.005 0.024
Determine theeconomic schedule forthe incremental cost of received power of Rs
20/MWhr.Alsofinda)Totalgenerationb)Transmissionlossesandc)Demand.Verify
theobtainedresultwithcalculatedvalue.


17.Consideringthetwoareasystem,findthenewsteadystatefrequencyandchangeintie
lineflowforaloadchangeofareatwoby100MW.Areaoneisoperatingwiththespinning
reservesof1000MW.Areatwoisoperatingwiththespinningreservesof1000MW.Assume
followingdataforthesystem.
Capacityofarea1, Pr1=1000MW
Capacityofarea2, Pr2=2000MW
Nominalloadofarea1,PD1=500MW
Nominalloadofarea2,PD2=1500MW
Regulationofarea1,R1=5%
Regulationofarea2 R2=4%
Nominalfrequency Fo=50Hz
Forbothareas,eachpercentchangeinfrequencycauses1%changeinload.Also
verifytheobtainedresultwithcalculatedvalue.









18. Foranisolatedsingleareaconsiderthefollowingdata:
Totalratedareacapacity Pr=3000MW
Normaloperatingload Pd=2000MW
Inertiaconstant H=5Secs
Regulation R=2.5Hz/p.u.M.W
Normalfrequency F=50Hz
Assume that the load frequency characteristic is linear meaning that the load will
increase1%for1%frequencyincrease.Find1)Gain&Timeconstantofpowersystemand
2)Changeinfrequencyunderstaticcondition.Alsoverifytheobtainedresultwithcalculated
value.


19. Develop a program to carryout load flow analysis of the given power system
network shown in figure 19 by using Gauss Seidel method. Use any suitable
assumptions

Figure19

BUSSPECIFICATIONS:
V GENERATION LOAD
BUS QMIN QMAX
BUS specified (p.u) (p.u)
NO (p.u) (p.u)
(p.u) P Q P Q
1 SLACK 1.06
2 PV 1.00 0.6 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.5
3 PQ 0.45 0.15
4 PQ 0.40 0.05
5 PQ 0.6 0.1





LINEDATA:
LINE SERIES HALFLINECHARGING
SB EB
NO IMPEDANCE(p.u) ADMITTANCE(p.u)
1 1 2 0.02+j0.06 j0.03
2 1 3 0.08+j0.24 j0.025
3 2 3 0.06+j0.18 j0.02
4 2 3 0.02+j0.08 j0.02
5 2 5 0.04+j0.12 j0.015
6 3 4 0.01+j0.03 j0.01
7 4 5 0.08+j0.24 j0.035






20. (a)Write the program in transient stability analysis of SingleMachine Infinite Bus
Systembyusingavailablesoftware

(b)WritetheprogramintransientstabilityanalysisofMultiMachineInfiniteBusSystem
byusingavailablesoftware

21. Determine the transient voltage at a sending end and receiving end during
electromagnetictransientconditioninpowersystemandalsoverifytheresultbyusing
suitableC++Program.
Given:
Linevoltageei(0)=1,
SurgeimpedanceZs=400,
SurgeResistanceRs=0
TerminalimpedanceR1=4x107
Resistanceperunitlengthperline(r)=0.3
Leakageconductanceperunitperlengthofline(g)=65x106
Distance(L)=640m,
Velocityoflight(q)=3x108m/sec.








22. Develop a program to compute bus admittance matrix for the given power system
networkshowninfigure22Alsoverifytheobtainedresultswithcalculatedvalues.Use
anysuitableassumptions









Figure22




LINEDATA:

Buscode LineImpedance ChargingAdmittance
12 0.2+j0.8 j0.02
23 0.3+j0.9 j0.03
24 0.25+j1.0 j0.04
34 0.2+j0.8 j0.02
13 0.1+j0.4 j0.01
















 23. Develop a program to compute bus admittance matrix for the given power system
network.Lineadmittancevaluesareshowninthefigure.Alsoverifytheobtainedresults
withcalculatedvalues.Useanysuitableassumptions

Figure23

24. Develop a program to compute bus impedance matrix for the given power system
networkshowninfigure24.Useanysuitableassumptions
Generatorreactance:0.2p.u&0.25p.uforG1andG2respectively.
Transformerleakagereactance:0.08p.u&0.1p.uforT1andT2respectively.

Figure24





25. Develop a program to compute bus impedance matrix for the given power system
network.Lineimpedancevaluesandtransientreactanceofgenerator&transformerare
inp.uisshowninthefigure25.Useanysuitableassumptions

Figure25






26. (a)Write the program in transient stability analysis of SingleMachine Infinite Bus
Systembyusingavailablesoftware.
(b)WritetheprogramintransientstabilityanalysisofMultiMachineInfiniteBusSystem
byusingavailablesoftware.








27. Asinglephaseoverheadtransmissionlinedelivers1100kWat11kVat0.8P.F.lagging.
The total resistance and inductive reactance of the line are 8 ohm and 16 ohm
respectively.Determinea)Receivingendcurrent.b)Sendingendvoltage.c)Sendingend
power.d)TransmissionefficiencyandE)Percentageregulation.











28. Apowersystemconsistsoftwo,100MWunits,whoseinputcostdataarerepresentedby
thefollowingequations:
F1=0.05P12+20P1+800Rs/hr.
F2=0.06P22+15P2+1000Rs/hr.
IfthetotalreceivedpowerP=150MW.Whatwouldbethedivisionofloadbetweenthe
units for the most economic operation? Assume the initial Lambda value. Also verify the
obtainedresultwithcalculatedvalue.







29. Thefuelcostoftwounitsaregivenby
F1=0.1P12+20P1+1.5Rs/hr.
F2=0.1P22+30P2+1.9Rs/hr.
Ifthetotaldemandonthegenerationis200MW,findtheeconomicloadschedulingofthe
two units. Assume the initial Lambda value. Also verify the obtained result with the
calculatedvalue.

30. Thefuelcostoftwounitsaregivenby
F1=0.04P12+16P1+2.8Rs/hr.
F2=0.04P22+12P2+4.6Rs/hr.
TheBmnmatrixisgivenby0.01 0.005
0.005 0.024
Determine theeconomic schedule forthe incremental cost of received power of Rs
20/MWhr.Alsofinda)Totalgenerationb)Transmissionlossesandc)Demand.Verify
theobtainedresultwithcalculatedvalue.













31. Determine the Zbus matrix for the given system shown in figure 31 using available software

Figure31

Buses : 6, numbered serially from 1 to 6

Lines : 5, numbered serially from L1 to L5
Base MVA : 100

Transmission Line Data:

Half Line
Send Bus Receive Resistance Reactance charging Rating
Line ID No
No Bus No p.u p.u Suscept. MVA
P.u
1 1 6 0.123 0.518 0.0 55
2 1 4 0.080 0.370 0.0 65
3 4 6 0.087 0.407 0.0 30
4 5 2 0.282 0.640 0.0 55
5 2 3 0.723 1.050 0.0 40

Table 31
32. Conduct fault analysis on two alternative configurations of the 4 - bus system given in Figure
32 below. Determine the fault current and MVA at faulted bus 4, post fault bus voltages, fault
current distribution in different elements of the network. Also draw a single line diagram
showing above results. For a given system of figure 32, following are the fault conditions.

(i) Three phase to ground fault

(ii) Line to ground fault
(iii) Line to line fault
(iv) Double line to ground fault.

Fig:32 Four bus system

G1, G2 : 100MVA, 20KV, X+ = X- = Xd = 20%; X0 = 4%; Xn = 5%

T1, T2 : 100MVA, 20KV/345KV; Xleak = 8%
L1, L2 : X+ = X- = 15%; X0 = 50% on a base of 100MVA
The first configuration, case (a), comprises star-star transformer and the second configuration,
case (b), comprises star-delta transformers.
33. A three phase 50 Hz, 400 kV transmission line is 250 km long. The line parameters per phase
per unit length are found to be,

R= 0.032/Km, L= 1.06mH/Km, C = 0.011F/Km.

Determine the following using the program available use long line model.

(a) The sending end voltage, current and efficiency when the load at the receiving end is 640
MW at 0.8 power factor lagging at 400 kV.

(b) The receiving end voltage, current, efficiency and losses when 480 MW and 320
MVAR are being transmitted at 400 kV from the sending end.

(c) The sending end voltage, current and efficiency & losses when the receiving end loads
impedance 230 at 400KV.

(d) The receiving end voltage when the line is open circuited and is energized with 400kV at
the sending end. Also, determine the reactance and MVAR of a three phase shunt reactor to
be installed at the receiving end in order to limit the no load receiving end Voltage to 400
kV.
 34. Determine the Ybus matrix for the given system in figure 34 using available software.

Figure 34

Buses : 6, numbered serially from 1 to 6

Lines : 5, numbered serially from L1 to L5
Base MVA : 100

Transmission Line Data:

Half Line
Send Bus Receive Resistance Reactance charging Rating
Line ID No
No Bus No p.u p.u Suscept. MVA
P.u
1 1 6 0.123 0.518 0.0 55
2 1 4 0.080 0.370 0.0 65
3 4 6 0.087 0.407 0.0 30
4 5 2 0.282 0.640 0.0 55
5 2 3 0.723 1.050 0.0 40

Table 34.1

Transmission Line Data:

Half Line
Send Bus Receive Resistance Reactance charging Rating
Line ID No
No Bus No p.u p.u Suscept. MVA
P.u

1 1 6 0.123 0.518 0.0 55

2 1 4 0.080 0.370 0.0 65

3 4 6 0.087 0.407 0.0 30

4 5 2 0.282 0.640 0.0 55

5 2 3 0.723 1.050 0.0 40

Table 34.2
35. Simulate the load frequency dynamics of a single area power system whose data are given
below:
Rated capacity of the area = 2000MW
Normal operating load = 1000MW
Nominal frequency = 50 Hz
Inertia constant of the area = 5.0 s
Speed regulation(governor droop)
of all regulating generators = 4 percent
Governor time constant = 0.08 s
Turbine time constant = 0.3 s

Assume linear load-frequency characteristics which mean the connected

system load increases by one percent if the system frequency increases by one percent. The
area has a governor control but not a load-frequency controller. The area is subjected to a load
increase of 20 MW. Plot the time response of frequency deviation f in Hz and change in
turbine power PT in p.u MW upto 20 sec. What is value of the peak overshoot in f?

(ii) Simulate the load frequency dynamics of a two area power system. Both the area
are identical and has the system parameters givem in (i). Assume that the tie-line has a
capacity of Pmax 1-2 = 200MW and is operating at a power angle of (10 20) = 30. Assume
that both the areas do not have load-frequency controller. Area 2 is subjected to a load
increase of 20 MW. Plot the time responses, f1(t), f2(t), PT1(t), PT2(t) and P12(t).
Comment on the peak overshoot of f1 and f2.
 36. Simulate and run the NRLF program for the system in figure 36 with a convergence for p and
q for power tolerance of 0.001p.u. and no of iteration is 10. Determine the following values,
(i) Total active power generation in MW and total active power load in MW
(ii) Total reactive power generation in MVAR and total reactive power in load
(iii) Total system active power loss as a percentage of generator
(iv) Line flows and bus voltage.

Single -line Diagram

Figure 36

Data for the system

Buses : 6, numbered serially from 1 to 6
Lines : 5, numbered serially from L1 to L5
Transformer : 2, numbered serially from T1 to T2
Shunt Load : 2, numbered serially from S1 to S2
Base MVA : 100

Bus Data P V Buses ( 1 slack bus; remaining P-V buses)

Bus ID Generation, MW Demand Gen.Limit, MVAR Scheduled

No. Volt (p.u)
Schedule Max Min MW MVAR Max Min
1 ? 200 40 0.0 0.0 100.0 -50.0 1.02

2 80.0 100 20 0.0 0.0 50.0 -25.0 1.02

Bus Data PQ Buses

Bus ID Demand Volt. Mag.

No MW MVAR Assumed (p.u)
3 10.0 5.0 1.0
4 57.7 30.0 1.0
5 20.0 15.0 1.0
6 25.0 15.0 1.0
Transmission Line Data:
Half Line
Send Bus Receive Resistance Reactance charging Rating
Line ID No
No Bus No p.u p.u Suscept. MVA
P.u
1 1 3 0.01 0.030 0.000 60.0
2 1 5 0.05 0.180 0.005 40.0
3 2 4 0.03 0.080 0.005 60.0
4 3 4 0.02 0.035 0.0 60.0
5 3 5 0.04 0.150 0.0 40.0

Transformer Data:
Transformer Send Receive Resistance Reactance Rating
Tap Ratio
ID No Bus(*) No Bus No p.u p.u MVA
1 2 6 0.0 0.06 1.02 60.0
2 5 6 0.0 0.08 1.01 60.0
(*) Note: The sending end bus of a transformer should be the tap side
Shunt Element Data:
Rated Capacity
Shunt ID No Bus ID No
MVAR (*)
1 4 0.5

2 6 0.5
(*) Note: Sign for capacitor : +ve
Sign for inductor : -ve

Allotment of marks:

Aim/Procedure/ Program/ Simulation Results Viva Total

Algorithm voce
25 25 20 20 10 100