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Definition of Terms:
Population total of individuals occupying an area or making up a
whole
Affluence abundant of flow or supply or property.
Source: Site Planning and Landscape Architecture. Copyright 2009, 2002 by The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
CASE STUDY:
Although the United States has more efficient and
cleaner technologies than some nations, these benefits
may be offset by the rate of consumption afforded by
its relative affluence. Even though China has many more
people, their relative affluence and level of technology
were low historically, but Chinas affluence and
technology level have been increasing rapidly in recent
years. In either case the environmental footprint is
significant.
Source: Site Planning and Landscape Architecture. Copyright 2009, 2002 by The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
Action:
To avoid or at least minimize the environmental
impacts of human behaviour it is necessary for
society to adopt a sustainable approach to
development. Sustainability was defined as meeting
the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
Source: Site Planning and Landscape Architecture. Copyright 2009, 2002 by The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
WHAT IS SITE PLANNING?
Description, Site Elements, Site Selection and Site Analysis
Definition
16
Source: Kevin Lynch, Gary Hack; Site Planning, MIT press, Cambridge 1996
SITE ELEMENTS
17
Foreground
Building area
Service area
Play area
Private area
entourage
No matter sites are large or small,
Scope of work they must be viewed as part of the
total environment.
18
Site planning is
professionally exercised
directly by landscape
architects, but there are Urban
related profession Planning
involved which are
architects, urban and
regional planners,
engineers. Site Landscape
Architecture
On larger commissions Planning Architecture
the landscape architect
often serve as a member
of a closely coordinated Civil
professional team, which Engineering
includes architects,
engineers, planners, and
scientist-advisors.
Environment and quality of life
20
Spirit of place
Character of the place
Nature of the project
Behavioral studies
Brief History
21
2.Defining the
enclosure
3.Sense of order
4.Form of axial Sense of order The form of axial
Brief History
22
A collection of independent
structures, which although
unattached, create a coherent
image of place
Brief History
24
Sense of order
Where the proposed use of the site is predetermined, and site analysis and site planning
are concerned with determining, how best the proposed use can be fitted to the site.
In particularly large scale regional situations site appreciation and analysis may be
carried out to determine what the land is best suited for.
Whereas the first type of situation relates to the architectural scale (e.g. site planning of
housing. campuses etc.) the second is concerned with decisions at the town planning and
landscape planning scale.
Whenever a site is to be developed for a particular building program, two sets of
factors have to be considered.
How to start?
PLANNING PROCESS
John Simonds
PLANNING - DESIGN PROCESS
Synthesis Gap
SYNTHESIS - combining of various components into
whole: the process of combining different ideas,
influences, or objects into a new whole.
Synthesis Gap
Synthesis Gap
3 General Activities of the
Planning-Design Process
1. Research
Program Development
Site Inventory
2. Analysis
Site Analysis
3. Synthesis
Conceptual Design
Preliminary Design
Site Plan/Master Plan
Getting started
SURVEY
Methods of Survey
Sketches
Photographs
Apparent character
Possibilities
Survey
Collection of existing data based on available
Contour maps
Aerial photographs
Geologic info. and maps
soil and water survey
Climatological records
Ecological studies
Market reports
Traffic studies
Legal and public controlled
documents
Official proposals
Historical records
Current controversies
Survey
Summary description of the off-site
context and its changes:
Geographic location
Surrounding population
Social and political structure
General economy, i.e., agricultural, industrial, trade,
etc.
Ecological and hydrographic systems, i.e., streams,
rivers, plant life
Land use pattern, i.e., zoning, industrial, residential, etc.
Access systems. i.e., road networks, transit networks,
etc.
Principal off-site estimation of facilities
Survey
Visibility analysis
Circulation analysis
Climate
Regional data and variations of:
Temperature and precipitation
Humidity
Solarangle
Cloud cover
Local micro-climates:
Warm and cold
Slope, i.e., rise and fall of various climates
Air
Drainage
Wind deflection, i.e., breeze direction
Shade
Heat reflection
Storage plant indications, i.e., plant cover
Atmospheric quality, i.e., smell, sound
Survey
Ecology
Dominant plant/animal
communities, location and
relative stability
Dependence on existing
factors, self-regulation
and sensitivity to change
Tapping of general plant
cover including wooded
areas
Survey
Man-made structures
Existing buildings, i.e., building outline, location, floor area,
height, elevation,, type, condition, use
Circulation facilities, i.e., roads, paths, rail links, transit
points
Utilities, i.e., storm sewers, sanitary sewers, water lines,
electricity, telephone, etc., location, elevation, capacity
Survey
Sensuous qualities
Character and relation of
visual spaces
Viewpoints, vistas, visual focal
points
Character and rhythm of visual
sequences
Quality and variation of light
and sound, smell and feel
Survey
Cultural Data
Residents and using population
No. and composition, i.e., male and female, age group, etc.
Social structures and institutions: tribal community, church-based
org., cultural compositions, etc.
Economic structure: depressed areas, slum, affluent, etc.
Nature
Location
Rhythm
Stability
Participants
Conflicts
Survey
Site-values, rights and
restraints:
Ownership, easements and
other rights
Economic values