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SchematicEntryandPCBlayout
Inthislabyouwillbeusingaprogramtoenteraschematicandlayoutaprintedcircuitboard(PCB)thatwillthenbemanufactured.Atthispointofthesemesteryou
don'tknowenoughtodesignyourowncircuit,soIamgivingyouonethatwewilluseagainlaterinthesemester.Theprogramthatwewillbeusingtodotheschematic
entryiscalledMultisimandtheprogramforthePCBlayoutiscalledUltiboardThislabwillserveasanintroductiontoschematicentryandPCBlayout.
TheLab
SchematicEntry
Startingout
Step1.ThesoftwareforthislabshouldbeonanyofthePC'sinroom310,312or212ofHicks.Logontooneofthecomputersandstarttheprogramcalled"MultiSim"
(itisinthe"NationalInstruments/CircuitDesignSuite"programgroup).Theschematicdefinesalltheinterconnectionsbetweenvariouscircuitelements.
First,we'lladdatitleblocktoidentifytheschematicasyourown.NowdownloadthefileSwatTitleBlock.tb7andthenfromtheMultiSimmenuchoosePlaceTitle
Blockandchoosethatfile.Placethetitleblockontoyourschematic.Afterplacingit,youcanrightclickonthetitleblocktomoveitexactlyintoplace(e.g.,thelower
rightcorner).Nowdoubleclickonthetitleblockandchangethedataintheblocktoreflectyourcircuit.
SaveyourcircuitYoushouldsaveyourcircuitsomeplaceyoucanaccessitlater(i.e.,swatfiles,orGoogledrive...).FilesstoredonthelocalPCmaybedeleted.
Also,havingthefilesstoredremotelyallowsyoutoworkonyourdesignfromanyofthePC'srunningMultisim.Makesurethatthefilenameisuniquesome
permutationofthenamesofthepeopleinthegroupisgood.Youwillbeemailingmeyourdesignlateron,andauniquenamewillhelpmekeepyourdesignfrombeing
confusedwithanother.
PickingComponentsfortheSchematic
Step2.Atthispointwewanttopickthecomponentsthatwillbeinyourdesign(acircuitthatflashesLED's)andputthemontheschematicdiagram.Goto
PlaceComponentandselectthe"Corporate"database,thenselectthe"Basic"group,the"LED"familyandfinallyselectthe"LEDR"asthecomponentbyhittingthe
"OK"button..Ifyoucan'tfindoneoftheparts,hitthe"Search..."buttonontherightsideofthedialogboxthisshouldmakethemissingpartsappear.
Placethecomponentanywhereonthediagram.ThiscomponentisanLED(LightEmittingDiode).
Therestofthecomponentsarelistedinthetablebelow.TheyareallintheCorporatedatabase.Notethatsomecomponentsareusedmorethanonce,soyouneedto
placemultiplecopies.
NextyouneedtoplacesomecomponentsfromtheMultiSimdatabase.GotoPlaceComponentandchoose"Database:MultisimMasterGroup:SourcesFamily:
POWER_SOURCESComponent:Vcc
PlacetwoorthreeVccsymbolsonyourschematic.AlsoplacetwoorthreeGROUNDsymbolssymbolsfromthesameDatabase,GroupandFamily.Asyouaredoing
yourdesignuseasmanyorasfewofthesepowersymbolsasyouneedtomakeaneatdrawing.
Yourschematicshouldnowlooksomethinglikethecircuitshownbelowbutwith.Yourpartnumbersmaybedifferent,andIhaverenamedsomeofthecomponents
(Selectcomponent,RightClick,thenPropertiesLabelRefDes)youshoulddothesame.IalsochangedthedefaultvoltageofVccto9V
(PropertiesValueVoltage(V)).Youcanalsochoosewhichinformationisdisplayed(PropertiesDisplay)
Step3.Nowyouneedtomakealltheconnections.Letsstartwithsomesimpleones.
Firstwewillconnectthebattery.Thejumperlabeled"JPwr"isusedason/offswitch(ifjumperisacrosspins,thebatteryisconnecttoVcc,elseitisnot).Wealso
connectthetestpointandthemountingholetoground.
Completetherestoftheconnectionsasshowninthediagrambelow.Yourdiagrammaylooksubstantiallydifferentthanmine,dependingontheplacementofyour
parts.Neatnesscountsmakeyourdiagramasneataspossible.Note,wiresthatcrossbutdon'thaveanintersectionsymbol(adot,asshownabove)arenottouching.
IfyouneedtoaddajunctiontomakeaconnectionyoucangotoPlaceJunction.(pdfversionofcircuit)
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Important:Doublecheckallyourconnections.Haveonememberofyourgroupreadoffconnectionsfrommydiagramwhileanotherchecksitagainstyourown
diagram.Thissoundtedious,buttakeslittletime.Anyconnectionsthatgetfabricatedincorrectlyaremuchmoredifficulttochangelateron.
SelectatracethatisconnectedtoVcc,rightclickonitandchoosePropertiesPCBSettingsTracewidthsDefaultandsetitto20mils.Repeatforgroundandthethe
wirebetweenJPwrandthe9voltbattery.Thiswillsetthetracewidthsforthepowerlinesontheprintedcircuitboardtobesomewhatbroaderthanthesignallines.
Saveyourschematic.
PCBLayout
Step4.FromMultisim,saveyourschematic.NowgotoTransferTransfertoUltiboard.Savethefilesthatarecreatedinthesamedirectoryyousavedyour
schematic.Hit"OK"onthe"ImportNetlist"window.Yourwindowshouldlooksomethingliketheonebelow:
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Step5.Theobjectsatthetopoftheboardarethecomponentsthatformyourcircuit,thelargeyellowrectangleisthecircuitboard.Thecircuitboardislargethanwe
want.Tomakeitsmaller,selectthe"Layers"tabinthelowerleftcornerandselect"BoardOutline".Nowusethecursortoselecttheyellowrectangle,thenrightclick
andchoose"Properties".Changethewidthto2360mils(thousandthsofaninch)andtheheightto2150milstodefineaboardthatis2.36x2.15inches.(Note:youmustuse
exactly2.36x2.15becauseallboardsmustbethesamesizebecausetheyarefabricatedinarectangulararray.)
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Step6.Movethecomponentsontotheboard.Exactlocationisnotimportantexceptforthefollowing:
Note:ifyouhavetroublewhenyoutrytohavepartsoverlapyoumayhavetodisable"PartShoving"(thisisoneoftheoptionsunderthe"Design"tabonthemenu).
1.Thebatteryshouldbeatthefarrightoftheboard.
2.Selectthe555(U1inmydesign)andthe4whiteLED's(L1throughL4)andrightclick,OrientationSwapLayertoputthemontheothersideoftheboard(their
colorshouldchangetoapinkish/salmon).
3.The4whiteLED'sshouldbenearthemiddleoftheboard,andallfourshouldhavethesameorientation(i.e.,thetriangleshouldbeinthesamedirectionforall
fourdiodesdon'trotatethem).
4.Allthetestpointsshouldbeneartheedgeoftheboardwewillbeconnectingscopeleadstothemlaterinthesemester.
AgeneralruletofollowistoplacecomponentsthatareassociatewitheachotherontheschematicneartoeachotheronthePCBlayout,tominimizetracelengthsandto
makeroutingthewiresontheboardeasier.
Neatnesscountsinyourboardlayoutaswellasintheschematics.Youmaywanttomovecomponentlabelstomakethediagramclearer.Also,rotatingcomponents
oftenmakesconnectionsmoredirect.Circuitconnectionsareshownbytheyellowlinescalled,appropriately,theratsnest.Notethatjudiciousplacementofpartscan
significantlysimplifytheratsnest(andresultingPCB)asanexampleseehowC1,JSlowandC2arelaidout,aswellasR1,R4andR7.Note,also,thepinkcomponents
onthebackoftheboard.
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Now,addsometext.Thelightbluetextonthediagramsisthesilkscreenlayer,itwillshowupaswhitetextonthemanufacturedboard.Hitthe"Layers"tab(asyoudid
toselecttheboardoutline).Nowselectthelayerlabeled"SilkscreenTop"andaddsometexttotheboard.GotoPlaceGraphicsText.Youshouldaddsometext
thatwilluniquelyidentifyyourboard(likeyourname).Mycompletedlayoutisshownlater.
MostoftheconnectionsonourPCBwillbe10mils(1mil=1/1000inch),butthepowerconnections(withsomewhathighercurrents)willbe20milsyousetthesetrace
widthsintheschematiceditor.
Step7.Nowletssettherulesfortheboards.GotoEditProperties.
1.Gotothe"CopperLayers"tabandset"LayerPairs"to1.Wewillhavetwocopperlayers,oneontopoftheboard,andonebelow.Moreelaborateboardscanbe
madewithseverallayersembeddedwithinthePCboarditself.Hit"Apply".
2.Gotothe"DesignRules"tabandsetthe"ViasDrillDiameterto28mil".Alsosetthe"ViasPadDiameterto40".Aviaisaconnectionthatismadetogeta
coppertracefromonesideoftheboardtoanotherviaaholedrilledintheboard.Hit"Apply".
Saveyourdesign.
Step8.Allthatisleftistomakeconnections.TodothatgotoAutorouteStart/ResumeAutorouter.IThismaytakeafewseconds(acomplicatedlayouttakeslonger,
andmayultimatelyfail).Gotothe"results"tabandmakesurethatallconnectionsweremade.Ifnot,seeifyoucandeterminewheretheproblemis.Tolaydowna
traceofyourownselectthelayer("Top"or"Bottom")fromthe"Layers"pane.GotoPlaceFollowMeanddrawthetracesasneeded.Ifyouhavedifficultygettingall
connectionsmade,comeseeme.
TomakesureallconnectionsaremadegotoDesignConnectivityCheck,andcheckallnets.Thetextinthe"Results"tabshouldsay"Connectivitycheckcompleted0
error(s),0warning(s)..."
Acompletedboardisshownbelow.
TomakesureeverythingwasproperlyconnectedgotoDesignNetlistandDRCCheck.(DRCstandsfor"DesignRuleCheck"thisensuresthatallthenetsare
connectedproperly,andthatalldesignrulesareobeyede.g.,thereissufficientspacingbetweentraces...).Ifyougetanyerrorsandcan'tfixthemyourself,please
contactmesowecanfigureoutwhatwentwrong.(Occasionallytwotracesareroutedtoocloselytogether,ifyougrabonewiththecursoryoucanusually"nudge"itto
maketheviolationgoaway).
AlsomakesurealltheconnectionsaremadewithDesignConnectivityCheckandcheckallnets.
Anymistakes(Netlist,DRCorConnectivity)willcomebacktohauntyou.Doublecheck(orhavemecheck)tomakesuretherearenoproblems.
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Finishingup
Tofinishup(duedateisonmoodlepage)
1.Sendmeanemailwithalistofthepeopleinyourlabgroup.
2.Savethreefilesonmoodle:
i.PrintacolorpdfofyourschematicfromMultisim.Saveacopytothemoodlepage.
ii.PrintacolorpdfofyourlayoutfromUltiboard.MakesureyouchoosetheoptionZoomOptionsFittoPageintheprintdialogbox.Choosethelayers
CopperTop
CopperBottom
SilkscreenTop
Saveacopyofthefiletomoodle.
iii.Alsoonthemoodlepage,uploadacopyofyourUltiboardfile.Itistheonewiththefilenameextension".ewprj".Makesurethatyousavethisfileafterthe
routing,andnotbefore.
3.Doublechecktomakesurethatyouhavesavedthe".ewprj".Ineedthisfiletogettheboardmanufactured.
4.Savecopiesoftheschematicandlayoutfiles,aswellastheprintout,foryourself.
Congratulations,youhavefinishedthefirstlab!BesuretoturneverythinginbyThursdayafternoon.Iwillsendthecircuitsouttobefabricatedovertheweekend.
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