FunctionalGroup:

- PinkAlcohol
- PurpleEther
- OrangeAmine

PhysicalandChemical
Properties:[1]
Chemicalname:
Formula: C17H19NO3
Molarweight: 285.343g/mol
Meltingpoint: 255degC
Boilingpoint: 190degC
Density:1.32at20degC/4degC
Odor: Odorless
Tested: Bitter

PhysicalDescription[3]

ThecolourofMorphineiswhite,crystalline.
TheboilingpointofMorphineis190degC
ThemeltingpointofMorphineis255degC
ThesmellofMorphineisodorless
pHofsaturatedsolution:8.5

Purpose[1]

Morphineisoneofthepainmedicationscalledopioidswhichare
syntheticmedicinesthatalterthewaythebrainperceivespain.

Toreliefofmoderatetoseverepain
Beforeandaftersurgery,morphinecanbeinjectedtopatientsfor
reliefofacutepain,especiallywhenbiggerorgansareremovedor
treated.
Severeandexcruciatingchestpain,heartattack,andanycar
accidentsareneededtoberelievedbymorphinebecauseitcanhelp
decreasetheintensityofthesesymptoms.
Morphinecanbealsousedasacoughsuppressantincasesofsevere
cough,ortorelievestrongdiarrhea
Toaddressrheumaticpainintheextremities
Tosedateorcalmdownpatientsbeforethesurgerystarts,withlocal
epiduralandspinalinjection.
Treatmentofacutepaincausedbybrokenboneortwistedjoint.
Treatmentofkidneystonesthroughtheurinarypathwaysis
describedassharpanddisablingpaininthelowerbackarea.

Application[3]

MorphineBaseisanopiatealkaloidisolatedfromtheplantPapaver
somniferumandproducedsynthetically.Morphinebindstoandactivates
specificopiatereceptors(delta,muandkappa),eachofwhichareinvolved
incontrollingdifferentbrainfunctions.Inthecentralnervousand
gastrointestinalsystems,thisagentexhibitswidespreadeffectsincluding
analgesia,anxiolysis,euphoria,sedation,respiratorydepression,and
gastrointestinalsystemsmoothmusclecontraction.
TheChemicalHistoryofMorphine:An8000-yearJourney,fromResinto
de-novoSynthesis[4]

Morphineisoneoftheoldestdrugsknowntoman.
Earlysuccessfulattemptstoidentifytheactiveingredientbeganin
themiddleofthesecondmillenniumCE.
Morphinewasusedformanyillnessesandmanypatientsand
physiciansbecamedependentonit.
Morphineandotheropioidsbecamesubjectedtoregulationsto
discourageillicituse.
Wetraceeachmajorstepinidentifyingthechemicalnatureand
structureofmorphine.

 References

1. Morphine.(n.d.).RetrievedMay24,2017,from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/morphine#section=Color

2.Brook,K.,&Bennett,J.(2017).RetrievedMay24,2017,from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352452916301293

3.NationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformation.PubChem
CompoundDatabase;CID=5288826,
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5288826(accessedMay24,
2017).

4.Ivana,T.(n.d.).Whatismorphineusedfor?AddictionBlog.
RetrievedMay24,2017,from
http://drug.addictionblog.org/what-is-morphine-used-for/