API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service

ANNEX K

CRACK OPENING AREAS

(NORMATIVE)

PART CONTENTS
K.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... K-2
K.2 Overview of Crack Opening Area Calculations ................................................................ K-2
K.3 Crack Opening Areas (COA) for Cylinders and Spheres ................................................ K-2
K.4 Plasticity Correction for the COA ...................................................................................... K-5
K.5 Nomenclature....................................................................................................................... K-6
K.6 References ........................................................................................................................... K-7
K.7 Tables ................................................................................................................................... K-8

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 API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service

K.1 Introduction
The equations for the Crack Opening Areas (COA) in this Annex have been derived for both elastic and plastic
conditions for cylinders and spheres with membrane and/or bending stresses based on Reference [1].
Alternative methods to compute the COA are covered in References [2], [3], [4], [5], and [6].

K.2 Overview of Crack Opening Area Calculations

K.2.1 The solutions for cylinders and spheres effectively assume that the cracks are in the center of an
infinite body and away from structural discontinuities. For most geometries this will be a reasonable
approximation. However, if the crack is close to a major structural discontinuity (e.g. a pipe nozzle
intersection) then local stress effects will influence the COA. The COA solutions in this annex may be used to
estimate the COA at a structural discontinuity if the membrane and bending stresses are computed using a
stress analysis model that considers the structural discontinuity.

K.2.2 Mean material properties should be used to provide a best estimate of the COA. These properties
should be relevant to the expected condition of the component; time dependent changes in properties, such as
degradation, relaxation and redistribution processes must be taken into consideration. The variation in
material properties at welds, the influence of the weld preparation angle, and the presence of residual welding
stresses may affect the COA.

K.2.3 Through-wall bending stresses can induce elastic crack face rotations that reduce the effective crack
opening area. If complete crack closure occurs, a LBB analysis cannot be justified. Significant local through-
wall bending stresses may be present in thick wall shells subject to internal pressure or shells subject to
membrane and bending stresses associated with geometric discontinuities and/or thermal gradients. The
COA solutions in this annex can be used to determine the taper associated with the though-wall crack by
computing the COA on the inside and outside surface. Typically, other models used to determine the COA
provide solutions at the shell mid-surface position, and do not account for the crack taper resulting from
through-wall bending loads. A method to account for crack taper is discussed in Reference [7].

K.2.4 The effects on crack face rotations due to welding residual stresses should be evaluated (see
Reference [8]).

K.2.5 The orientation of the net-section bending moment with respect to the through-wall crack should be
considered when determining the COA in a cylindrical shell. The orientation of the net-section bending
moment may cause an asymmetric crack opening, partial crack closure, or complete crack closure if the crack
is located entirely on the compressive side of the shell section.

K.3 Crack Opening Areas (COA) for Cylinders and Spheres

K.3.1 Longitudinal Cracks in Cylinders

K.3.1.1 For internal pressure, the crack opening area is given by

pR 2S c
2
COA Hp o (K.1)
t E
The parameter H p for inside and outside surface is given in Tables K.1 and K.2, respectively. The limiting
values of the parameter H p for inside and outside surfaces are:

Ro 2  Ri 2 t
lim H p ( OD ) 2 2 (K.2)
c o0
Ro  Ri Ro

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 API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service

2 Ro 2 t
lim H p ( ID ) 2 2 (K.3)
c o0
Ro  Ri Ro

K.3.1.2 For a uniform and linear through-wall stress distribution, the crack opening area is given by the
following equation where V 0 and V 1 are determined in accordance with Annex C.

2S c 2
COA  H oV o  H1V 1  (K.4)
E
In terms of a membrane and bending stress, Equation (K.4) can be written as:

2S c 2
COA V m H o  V b  H o  2 H1  (K.5)
E
The parameters H 0 and H1 for the inside and outside surface are given in Tables K.1 and K.2, respectively.
The limiting values of the parameters H 0 and H1 for inside and outside surfaces are:

lim H o ( ID ) 1 (K.6)
c o0

lim H o (OD ) 1 (K.7)

c o0

lim H1( OD ) 1 (K.8)

c o0

lim H1( ID ) 0 (K.9)

c o0

K.3.2 Circumferential Cracks in Cylinders

K.3.2.1 For internal pressure, the crack opening area is given by

pRo 2 2S c 2
COA Ho 2 2 (K.10)
Ro  Ri E
The parameter H 0 for inside and outside surface is given in Tables K.3 and K.4, respectively. The limiting
values of the parameter H p for inside and outside surfaces are:

lim H o ( OD ) 1 (K.11)
c o0

2
Ri
lim H o ( ID ) (K.12)
c o0
Ro

K.3.2.2 For a uniform and linear through-wall stress distribution, the crack opening area is given by the
following equation where V 0 and V 1 are determined in accordance with Annex C.

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 API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service

2S c 2
COA  H oV o  H1V 1  (K.13)
E
In terms of a membrane and bending stress, Equation (K.13) can be written as:

2S c 2
COA V m H o  V b  H o  2 H1  (K.14)
E
The parameters H 0 and H1 for the inside and outside surface are given in Tables K.3 and K.4, respectively.
The limiting values of the parameters H 0 and H1 for inside and outside surfaces are:

lim H o (OD ) 1 (K.15)

c o0

2
Ri
lim H o ( ID ) (K.16)
c o0
Ro

lim H1(OD ) 1 (K.17)

c o0

lim H1( ID ) 0
c o0 (K.18)

K.3.2.3 For the global bending moment, the crack opening area is:

M x Ro 2S c 2
COA H5 (K.19)
S
 Ro 4  Ri 4  E
4
The parameter H 5 for inside and outside surface is given in Tables K.3 and K.4, respectively. The limiting
values of the parameter H 5 for inside and outside surfaces are:

lim H 5( OD ) 1 (K.20)
c o0

3
Ri
lim H 5( ID ) (K.21)
c o0
Ro

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K.3.3 Meridional Cracks in Spheres

K.3.3.1 For internal pressure, the crack opening area is given by

pR 2 2S c 2
COA H p 2 o 2 (K.22)
Ro  Ri E
The parameter H p for inside and outside surface is given in Tables K.5 and K.6, respectively. The limiting
values of the parameter H p for inside and outside surfaces are:

Ro 3  0.5 Ri 3 Ro 2  Ri 2
lim H p ( OD ) 3 3 2 (K.23)
c o0
Ro  Ri Ro

1.5Ri 2  Ro 2  Ri 2 
lim H p ( ID ) (K.24)
c o0 Ro  Ro 3  Ri 3 

K.3.3.2 For a uniform and linear through-wall stress distribution, the crack opening area is given by the
following equation where V 0 and V 1 are determined in accordance with Annex C.

2S c 2
COA  H oV o  H1V 1  (K.25)
E
In terms of a membrane and bending stress, Equation (K.25) can be written as:

2S c 2
COA V m H o  V b  H o  2 H1  (K.26)
E
The parameters H 0 and H1 for the inside and outside surface are given in Tables K.5 and K.6, respectively.
The limiting values of the parameters H 0 and H1 for inside and outside surfaces are given by Equations

lim H o (OD ) 1 (K.27)

c o0

2
Ri
lim H o ( ID ) (K.28)
c o0
Ro

lim H1( OD ) 1 (K.29)

c o0

lim H1( ID ) 0 (K.30)

c o0

K.4 Plasticity Correction for the COA

The crack opening areas in paragraph K.3 are based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. For elastic-plastic
conditions, the crack opening areas in paragraph K.3 shall be modified as follows:

COA J p COAelastic (K.31)

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 API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service

The plasticity modifier, J p , is determined using the following equation

J p 1.008  0.33015  Lr   5.53696  Lr   3.96974  Lr   2.00844  Lr 

2 4 6 8
(K.32)

The above equation is valid for 0 d Lr d 1.2 . The load ratio Lr is computed using the procedures in Part 9.

K.5 Nomenclature
c crack length parameter.
COA crack opening area
E modulus of elasticity.
Jp plasticity correction factor for the crack opening area.
Hp pressure loading crack parameter for determining the COA.
H0 membrane stress crack parameter for determining the COA.
H1 through-wall bending stress crack parameter for determining the COA.
H5 net-section bending stress crack parameter for determining the COA.
H p ( ID ) H p parameter for the inside surface of the shell.
H p ( OD ) H p parameter for the outside surface of the shell.
H 0( ID ) H 0 parameter for the inside surface of the shell.
H 0( OD ) H 0 parameter for the outside surface of the shell.
H1( ID ) H1 parameter for the inside surface of the shell.
H1( OD ) H1 parameter for the outside surface of the shell.
H 5( ID ) H 5 parameter for the inside surface of the shell.
H 5(OD ) H 5 parameter for the outside surface of the shell.
Lr load ratio.
O through-wall crack shell parameter.
Mx net-section bending moment about the x-axis acting on a cylinder, see Annex C.
p pressure.
Ri inside radius.
Ro outside radius.
Vb through-wall bending stress component.
Vm membrane stress component.
V0 uniform coefficient for polynomial stress distribution.
V1 linear coefficient for polynomial stress distribution.
t shell thickness

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 API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service

K.6 References
1. Anderson, T.L.., Stress Intensity And Crack Growth Opening Area Solutions For Through-wall Cracks In
Cylinders And Spheres, WRC Bulletin 478, Welding Research Council, January, 2003.
2. Langston, D.B., A Reference Stress Approximation For Determining Crack Opening Displacements In
Leak-Before-Break Calculations, TD/SID/REP/0112, Nuclear Electric Document, 1991.
3. Paul, D.D., Ahmad, J., Scott, P.M., Flanigan, L.F. And Wilkowski, G.M., Evaluation And Refinement Of
Leak-Rate Estimation Models, NUREG/CR-5128, Rev. 1, June 1995.
4. Rahman, S., Brust, F., Ghadiali, N., Choi, Y.H., Krishnaswamy, P., Moberg, F., Brickstad, B. And
Wilkowski, G., Refinement And Evaluation Of Crack Opening Area Analyses For Circumferential
Through-Wall Cracks In Pipes, NUREG/CR-6300, 1995.
5. Scott, P.M., Anderson, T.L., Osage, D.A., and Wilkowski, G.M., Review of Existing Fitness-For-Service
Criteria for Crack-Like Flaws, WRC Bulletin 430, Welding Research Council, 1998.
6. Sharples, J.K. And Bouchard, P.J., Assessment Of Crack Opening Area For Leak Rates, LBB95;
Specialist Meeting On Leak-Before-Break In Reactor Piping And Vessels, Lyon, France, October, 1995.
7. Miller, A.G., Elastic Crack Opening Displacements And Rotations In Through Cracks In Spheres And
Cylinders Under Membrane And Bending Loading, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 23, 1986.
8. Dong, P., Rahman, S., Wilkowski, G., Brickstad, B., Bergman, M., Effects Of Weld Residual Stresses On
Crack Opening Area Analysis Of Pipes For LBB Applications, LBB95; Specialist Meeting On Leak-Before-
Break In Reactor Piping And Vessels, Lyon, France, October, 1995.

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K.7 Tables

Table K.1
Fitting Coefficients For Non-dimensional COA For A Through-Wall Axial Crack In A Cylinder Inside
Surface

Ri
H Ao A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7
t
1 1.3285E+00 -2.0500E-02 2.9616E-01 7.1300E-03 6.0958E-01 -4.5900E-02 5.0461E-03 0.0000E+00
3 1.1325E+00 6.3690E-01 3.1021E-01 0.0000E+00 1.1955E+00 -2.3526E-01 1.5132E-02 0.0000E+00
5 1.0939E+00 -1.3430E-01 2.6375E-01 0.0000E+00 1.4787E-01 -3.7400E-03 7.2150E-05 0.0000E+00
Hp 10 1.0561E+00 -1.0080E-01 2.5285E-01 0.0000E+00 1.2380E-01 -4.3000E-03 1.0480E-04 0.0000E+00
20 1.0309E+00 -9.9600E-02 2.2706E-01 0.0000E+00 6.4060E-02 8.6700E-04 -8.8150E-05 0.0000E+00
60 1.0253E+00 -1.0020E-01 2.0975E-01 0.0000E+00 2.2530E-02 5.1530E-03 -2.9210E-04 0.0000E+00
100 1.0118E+00 -1.5890E-01 1.7653E-01 0.0000E+00 -1.1020E-01 2.7880E-02 -1.5922E-03 0.0000E+00
1 1.0006E+00 -1.4839E-01 2.2231E-01 0.0000E+00 2.0398E-01 -3.4400E-03 1.6426E-03 0.0000E+00
3 1.0102E+00 -1.0250E-01 2.3144E-01 0.0000E+00 1.3604E-01 -4.3400E-03 2.3506E-04 0.0000E+00
5 1.0096E+00 -1.6138E-01 2.0773E-01 0.0000E+00 8.1700E-03 1.1710E-02 -5.4290E-04 0.0000E+00
H0 10 1.0080E+00 -9.0320E-02 2.3175E-01 0.0000E+00 8.8590E-02 -1.4300E-03 1.5395E-05 0.0000E+00
20 1.0086E+00 -1.0869E-01 2.1726E-01 0.0000E+00 3.5190E-02 4.7500E-03 -2.6170E-04 0.0000E+00
60 1.0062E+00 -8.0880E-02 2.2574E-01 0.0000E+00 6.0020E-02 6.7000E-04 -1.0720E-04 0.0000E+00
100 1.0057E+00 -6.8770E-02 2.3517E-01 0.0000E+00 6.5400E-02 1.6000E-03 -2.4480E-04 0.0000E+00
1 0.0000E+00 2.9294E-01 3.0686E-01 1.5597E-01 3.0619E+00 9.9880E-02 1.0369E-02 2.0034E-03
3 0.0000E+00 4.5779E-01 6.0330E-02 2.5004E-01 1.7604E+00 4.4082E-01 -2.5522E-02 1.0270E-03
5 0.0000E+00 5.0958E-01 -1.5290E-01 3.6275E-01 7.9176E-01 1.0117E+00 -8.6835E-02 3.2753E-03
H1 10 0.0000E+00 8.3007E-01 6.2430E-02 3.6629E-01 3.0214E+00 3.3320E-01 -1.0162E-02 2.3810E-04
20 0.0000E+00 1.1904E+00 5.4410E-02 5.3063E-01 4.1730E+00 5.5928E-01 -3.2950E-02 1.1460E-03
60 0.0000E+00 2.2472E+00 2.2038E-01 6.3774E-01 8.5083E+00 -4.8485E-01 9.6235E-02 -3.9870E-03
100 0.0000E+00 3.0857E+00 3.4730E-01 3.1003E-01 1.2352E+01 -3.5319E+00 5.4458E-01 -2.7082E-02

Notes:

1. H p , H 0 , and H1 are computed as a function of c , Ri , t , and the coefficients in this table using the
following equations.

2. For Ri t ! 100 , use Ri t 100 for determining H p , H 0 , and H1 .

A0  A1O  A2O 2  A3O 3

H p ,0,1
1  A4O  A5O 2  A6O 3  A7 O 4
where

1.818c
O
Ri t

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Table K.2
Fitting Coefficients For Non-dimensional COA For A Through-Wall Axial Crack In A Cylinder Outside
Surface

Ri
H Ao A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7
t
1 8.4566E-01 3.2057E-01 5.3890E-02 0.0000E+00 -5.8500E-02 6.2480E-03 1.6910E-04 0.0000E+00
3 8.9368E-01 3.3349E+00 8.4789E-01 7.2986E-01 2.8505E+00 3.9278E-01 -5.7363E-03 0.0000E+00
5 9.2511E-01 9.9959E+00 2.5503E+00 2.3599E+00 9.5370E+00 1.0363E+00 -1.2140E-02 0.0000E+00
Hp 10 9.7884E-01 2.2825E-01 1.6445E-01 0.0000E+00 -1.0300E-02 5.2870E-03 -1.6050E-04 0.0000E+00
20 9.8548E-01 1.5869E-01 1.6186E-01 0.0000E+00 -5.8600E-02 1.2954E-02 -5.3460E-04 0.0000E+00
60 9.9507E-01 2.7326E-01 3.0251E-01 0.0000E+00 1.5427E-01 -7.5700E-03 1.9570E-04 0.0000E+00
100 9.9156E-01 5.6846E-01 5.0043E-01 0.0000E+00 5.0579E-01 -4.9210E-02 2.0737E-03 0.0000E+00
1 1.0008E+00 4.0232E+00 9.3771E-01 4.4196E-01 3.2624E+00 1.0241E-01 9.4544E-03 1.9540E-03
3 1.0000E+00 4.7679E+00 1.5757E+00 1.3700E+00 3.8236E+00 1.2494E+00 -7.5746E-02 2.8130E-03
5 1.0011E+00 8.6861E-01 8.0009E-01 9.0884E-01 2.1182E-01 1.4194E+00 -1.2576E-01 4.7020E-03
H0 10 1.0115E+00 2.1754E-01 1.6257E-01 0.0000E+00 -1.6400E-02 5.9600E-03 -1.8540E-04 0.0000E+00
20 1.0109E+00 1.2351E-01 1.5247E-01 0.0000E+00 -8.7500E-02 1.6830E-02 -7.0310E-04 0.0000E+00
60 1.0083E+00 2.7650E-01 2.8587E-01 0.0000E+00 1.3697E-01 -6.8300E-03 1.9226E-04 0.0000E+00
100 1.0075E+00 5.8706E-01 4.4485E-01 0.0000E+00 4.6436E-01 -5.1030E-02 2.3824E-03 0.0000E+00
1 1.0016E+00 4.7767E+00 2.0223E-01 4.3078E-01 4.2867E+00 2.7910E-01 7.5547E-03 3.5696E-03
3 1.0004E+00 5.7661E+00 1.7726E+00 1.5125E+00 5.2299E+00 3.3364E+00 -2.1697E-01 7.5483E-03
5 1.0000E+00 2.8753E+00 1.6731E+00 1.0874E+00 2.6982E+00 2.9318E+00 -2.4959E-01 9.2830E-03
H1 10 1.0041E+00 1.3792E-01 3.0920E-01 0.0000E+00 4.8762E-01 -2.4170E-02 6.0590E-04 0.0000E+00
20 1.0044E+00 4.4300E-01 4.5137E-01 0.0000E+00 1.0648E+00 -9.2470E-02 3.3787E-03 0.0000E+00
60 9.9975E-01 2.8059E+00 9.1254E-01 4.1162E-01 4.2700E+00 1.6323E-01 -9.1160E-05 0.0000E+00
100 1.0001E+00 3.1285E+00 1.2271E+00 2.5375E-01 5.0417E+00 -2.3327E-01 1.7392E-02 0.0000E+00

Notes:

1. H p , H 0 , and H1 are computed as a function of c , Ri , t , and the coefficients in this table using the following
equations.

2. For Ri t ! 100 , use Ri t 100 for determining H p , H 0 , and H1 .

A0  A1O  A2O 2  A3O 3

H p ,0,1
1  A4O  A5O 2  A6O 3  A7 O 4
where

1.818c
O
Ri t

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 API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service

Table K.3
Fitting Coefficients For Non-dimensional COA For A Through-Wall Circumferential Crack In A Cylinder
Inside Surface

Ri
H Ao A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
t
1 2.5679E-01 -7.6590E-02 8.0900E-03 -3.9071E-01 5.4545E-02 -2.5887E-03
3 5.7995E-01 -9.5710E-02 1.9180E-02 -1.8178E-01 1.3878E-02 -5.1270E-04
5 7.1328E-01 -2.9910E-02 2.8760E-02 4.5300E-04 -1.2001E-02 4.6022E-04
H0 10 8.4104E-01 -2.8570E-02 4.2970E-02 3.1681E-02 -7.7060E-03 1.2773E-04
20 9.1639E-01 -1.2106E-01 4.1570E-02 -1.0001E-01 3.2437E-03 -2.8080E-05
60 9.7316E-01 -5.3280E-02 4.0970E-02 -8.0600E-03 -4.7620E-03 1.5812E-04
100 9.8234E-01 -9.1150E-02 3.5500E-02 -7.6050E-02 1.4295E-03 9.2293E-06
1 8.9000E-04 3.1810E-02 -2.2300E-03 -2.1446E-01 1.1953E-02 0.0000E+00
3 3.4300E-03 1.6963E-01 1.8504E-02 6.6176E-01 -1.3716E-01 6.3978E-03
5 4.9200E-03 3.1458E-01 6.7112E-02 1.5293E+00 -2.3140E-01 8.3724E-03
H1 10 5.3490E-02 9.6620E-02 0.0000E+00 -8.9140E-02 1.7150E-03 0.0000E+00
20 7.8390E-02 -1.3060E-02 4.3040E-03 -8.3850E-02 1.6960E-03 0.0000E+00
60 7.7190E-02 1.0374E-01 0.0000E+00 -9.3820E-02 2.3390E-03 0.0000E+00
100 7.3460E-02 1.0618E-01 0.0000E+00 -1.0334E-01 2.8380E-03 0.0000E+00
1 1.2750E-01 1.3160E-03 -1.2000E-04 -2.0852E-01 1.1501E-02 0.0000E+00
3 4.2775E-01 -1.7090E-02 1.0353E-02 -9.9150E-02 9.2990E-04 0.0000E+00
5 5.8083E-01 -9.3130E-02 1.5425E-02 -2.1415E-01 2.2591E-02 -9.5390E-04
H5 10 7.5405E-01 -4.1230E-02 3.5941E-02 -2.6160E-02 3.3975E-03 -3.3130E-04
20 8.6656E-01 -8.1980E-02 2.9441E-02 -8.9350E-02 2.4262E-03 -7.7230E-06
60 9.5446E-01 -4.5710E-02 4.2358E-02 7.3090E-03 -5.8760E-03 1.8060E-04
100 9.7167E-01 -6.4890E-02 4.0249E-02 -2.8960E-02 -3.8160E-03 1.6380E-04

Notes:

1. H 0 , H1 , and H 5 are computed as a function of c , Ri , t , and the coefficients in this table using the following
equations.

2. For Ri t ! 100 , use Ri t 100 for determining H 0 , H1 , and H 5 .

A0  A1O  A2 O 2
H 0,1,5
1  A3O  A4 O 2  A53
where

1.818c
O
Ri t

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 API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service

Table K.4
Fitting Coefficients For Non-dimensional COA For A Through-Wall Circumferential Crack In A Cylinder
Outside Surface

Ri
H Ao A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
t
1 9.9891E-01 -5.3550E-02 2.5360E-02 -2.8100E-02 -2.2115E-02 1.6721E-03
3 9.9970E-01 1.5021E-01 8.7700E-03 1.0150E-01 -4.1762E-02 2.2694E-03
5 9.9545E-01 6.9580E-02 1.2140E-02 -2.4630E-02 -1.1780E-02 6.0617E-04
H0 10 1.0047E+00 3.3570E-02 1.5700E-02 -7.4960E-02 1.1228E-03 -1.5110E-05
20 1.0135E+00 -2.1130E-02 2.4020E-02 -1.2421E-01 5.4938E-03 -8.3540E-05
60 1.0020E+00 -3.4100E-02 5.9000E-04 -1.8029E-01 1.1321E-02 -2.4220E-04
100 1.0001E+00 1.3090E-02 7.0500E-03 -1.3201E-01 6.0185E-03 -8.9900E-05
1 1.0204E+00 -1.9110E-01 4.4396E-02 1.3990E-02 -1.9467E-02 1.0366E-03
3 1.0225E+00 1.2294E-01 1.2724E-02 4.4502E-01 -1.0201E-01 4.9602E-03
5 1.0099E+00 2.6856E-01 1.5057E-02 6.3403E-01 -1.1177E-01 4.4571E-03
H1 10 9.8708E-01 1.7136E-01 4.5114E-02 4.9503E-01 -5.7289E-02 1.4503E-03
20 9.9143E-01 -3.5580E-01 3.6745E-02 -5.3770E-02 5.7210E-03 -2.8500E-04
60 9.7469E-01 8.2480E-02 4.9754E-02 3.8322E-01 -4.3263E-02 1.1589E-03
100 9.9100E-01 1.0069E+00 6.1993E-02 1.8451E+00 -2.2699E-01 6.9875E-03
1 1.0044E+00 -2.1929E-01 4.0998E-02 -1.6870E-01 2.1505E-02 -1.2516E-03
3 9.9290E-01 5.0980E-02 1.3548E-02 5.6730E-02 -2.4037E-02 9.9160E-04
5 9.9190E-01 -1.6194E-01 1.9518E-02 -2.3093E-01 2.4630E-02 -1.0109E-03
H5 10 9.9715E-01 5.2434E-02 2.3549E-02 -2.1830E-02 -2.3400E-04 -1.2520E-04
20 1.0027E+00 -1.6640E-02 1.3537E-02 -1.2529E-01 5.6843E-03 -8.8230E-05
60 9.9920E-01 -2.0840E-02 5.0330E-03 -1.5207E-01 8.6274E-03 -1.7380E-04
100 9.9936E-01 1.9795E-01 2.6089E-02 8.4923E-02 -1.8846E-02 6.5230E-04

Notes:

1. H 0 , H1 , and H 5 are computed as a function of c , Ri , t , and the coefficients in this table using the following
equations.

2. For Ri t ! 100 , use Ri t 100 for determining H 0 , H1 , and H 5 .

A0  A1O  A2 O 2
H 0,1,5
1  A3O  A4 O 2  A53
where

1.818c
O
Ri t

K-11
 API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service

Table K.5
Fitting Coefficients For Non-dimensional COA For A Through-Wall Meridional Crack In A Sphere
Inside Surface

Ri
H Ao A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
t
3 6.3820E-01 5.2320E-01 -2.1590E+00 2.8049E+00 -1.6082E+00 4.8428E-01 -7.8246E-02 6.3921E-03 -2.0640E-04

5 7.5650E-01 3.6733E-01 -1.3556E+00 1.6151E+00 -8.0953E-01 2.1603E-01 -3.1080E-02 2.2633E-03 -6.4980E-05

10 8.6265E-01 1.8085E-01 -3.2998E-01 2.9748E-01 -7.0830E-02 8.8890E-03 -5.2107E-04 1.2029E-05 0.0000E+00

Hp
20 9.3328E-01 3.7654E-01 -1.3090E+00 1.6340E+00 -7.8345E-01 1.8948E-01 -2.3612E-02 1.4482E-03 -3.4460E-05

60 9.7959E-01 4.4481E-02 -1.5300E-02 1.5209E-01 -3.3080E-02 3.5060E-03 -1.1791E-04 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

100 9.8904E-01 -2.4740E-02 1.3751E-01 5.7876E-02 -8.2800E-03 8.2800E-04 -2.0828E-05 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

3 5.5951E-01 5.9326E-01 -2.1874E+00 2.8054E+00 -1.6045E+00 4.8297E-01 -7.8045E-02 6.3775E-03 -2.0600E-04

5 6.9651E-01 4.5017E-01 -1.4391E+00 1.6642E+00 -8.2580E-01 2.1915E-01 -3.1424E-02 2.2834E-03 -6.5470E-05

10 8.3787E-01 -1.9300E-02 1.1321E-01 -1.5380E-02 3.1976E-02 -8.9500E-03 1.1625E-03 -6.9610E-05 1.5908E-06

H0
20 9.1363E-01 3.8633E-01 -1.3057E+00 1.6258E+00 -7.7882E-01 1.8830E-01 -2.3461E-02 1.4388E-03 -3.4240E-05

60 9.7615E-01 1.0130E-01 -8.9080E-02 1.7366E-01 -3.0280E-02 1.9610E-03 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

100 9.8823E-01 8.9840E-03 9.8248E-02 7.3648E-02 -1.1120E-02 1.0640E-03 -2.8430E-05 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

3 4.0800E-03 5.1657E-01 -1.1727E+00 1.3634E+00 -7.4432E-01 2.1677E-01 -3.3997E-02 2.6922E-03 -8.3880E-05

5 4.2850E-03 5.6616E-01 -9.6738E-01 9.6474E-01 -4.5722E-01 1.1864E-01 -1.6803E-02 1.2119E-03 -3.4580E-05

10 6.5070E-03 5.3228E-01 -4.1931E-01 2.3174E-01 -5.0090E-02 5.8649E-03 -3.3100E-04 7.4162E-06 0.0000E+00

H1
20 2.1112E-02 6.4770E-01 -5.9407E-01 3.4358E-01 -8.0100E-02 9.8780E-03 -5.8880E-04 1.3688E-05 0.0000E+00

60 2.2701E-02 9.1335E-01 -9.5929E-01 5.3652E-01 -1.1614E-01 1.1010E-02 -3.5870E-04 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

100 1.7394E-02 8.1190E-01 -6.3608E-01 2.9564E-01 -4.9270E-02 3.6997E-03 -9.4170E-05 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

Notes:

1. H p , H 0 , and H1 are computed as a function of c , Ri , t , and the coefficients in this table using the following
equations.

2. For Ri t ! 100 , use Ri t 100 for determining H p , H 0 , and H1 .

H p ,0,1 Ao  A1O  A2 O 2  A3O 3  A4 O 4  A5O 5  A6 O 6  A7 O 7  A8O 8

where

1.818c
O
Ri t

K-12
 API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service

Table K.6
Fitting Coefficients For Non-dimensional COA For A Through-Wall Meridional Crack In A Sphere
Outside Surface

Ri
H Ao A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
t
3 9.1492E-01 1.4629E+00 -3.5770E+00 4.3639E+00 -2.4612E+00 7.3545E-01 -1.1832E-01 9.6396E-03 -3.1070E-04

5 9.3705E-01 1.1282E+00 -2.0467E+00 2.1926E+00 -1.0661E+00 2.8028E-01 -4.0008E-02 2.9006E-03 -8.3070E-05

10 9.6831E-01 4.9451E-01 -3.5850E-02 3.5690E-02 2.4577E-02 -8.5900E-03 1.1958E-03 -7.3770E-05 1.7134E-06

Hp
20 9.8208E-01 8.1052E-01 -1.3304E+00 1.6135E+00 -7.7555E-01 1.8861E-01 -2.3603E-02 1.4521E-03 -3.4630E-05

60 9.9722E-01 5.2138E-01 -1.4522E-01 1.9683E-01 -4.1820E-02 4.3080E-03 -1.4379E-04 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

100 1.0001E+00 3.5564E-01 1.3783E-01 4.0415E-02 -4.4100E-03 5.2700E-04 -1.2930E-05 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

3 9.9959E-01 1.4933E+00 -3.7141E+00 4.4908E+00 -2.5169E+00 7.4877E-01 -1.2010E-01 9.7641E-03 -3.1430E-04

5 1.0044E+00 1.1086E+00 -2.0715E+00 2.2219E+00 -1.0785E+00 2.8300E-01 -4.0332E-02 2.9207E-03 -8.3570E-05

10 1.0133E+00 4.6529E-01 -2.3780E-02 3.3565E-02 2.4623E-02 -8.5500E-03 1.1897E-03 -7.3410E-05 1.7056E-06

H0
20 1.0075E+00 8.2707E-01 -1.4411E+00 1.7429E+00 -8.3913E-01 2.0397E-01 -2.5511E-02 1.5686E-03 -3.7390E-05

60 1.0080E+00 4.3694E-01 -2.0270E-02 1.1892E-01 -1.9150E-02 1.2980E-03 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

100 1.0067E+00 3.4149E-01 1.4671E-01 3.6530E-02 -3.8000E-03 5.0700E-04 -1.4040E-05 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

3 1.0012E+00 2.7649E-01 -1.0546E+00 1.3698E+00 -7.4319E-01 2.0942E-01 -3.1154E-02 2.2851E-03 -6.3660E-05

5 1.0023E+00 1.3664E-01 -7.0664E-01 9.6719E-01 -5.0371E-01 1.3677E-01 -1.9867E-02 1.4556E-03 -4.1970E-05

10 1.0074E+00 -2.8973E-01 4.2467E-01 -1.7623E-01 6.0568E-02 -1.1265E-02 1.1763E-03 -6.2404E-05 1.3198E-06

H1
20 1.0077E+00 -4.5888E-01 6.5971E-01 -2.7309E-01 7.1320E-02 -9.1840E-03 5.8770E-04 -1.4413E-05 0.0000E+00

60 9.9121E-01 -6.6101E-01 9.6480E-01 -4.0660E-01 8.8452E-02 -8.0150E-03 2.5722E-04 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

100 9.8931E-01 -6.1407E-01 7.7232E-01 -2.4905E-01 4.3340E-02 -3.0320E-03 7.5979E-05 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00

Notes:

1. H p , H 0 , and H1 are computed as a function of c , Ri , t , and the coefficients in this table using the following
equations.

2. For Ri t ! 100 , use Ri t 100 for determining H p , H 0 , and H1 .

H p ,0,1 Ao  A1O  A2 O 2  A3O 3  A4 O 4  A5O 5  A6 O 6  A7 O 7  A8O 8

where

1.818c
O
Ri t

K-13
API Product No: C57902