Vincent Akormedie 201200652 25-Oct-14

UNIVERSITY OF B0TSWANA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

MMB 313 MECHANICS OF MACHINES
PROJECT

SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM ANALYSIS

VINCENT AKORMEDIE 201200652

SUBMISSION DATE: 25 OCTOBER 2014

Vincent Akormedie 201200652 25-Oct-14

ABSTRACT
This report basically gives an understanding of the mechanism of SLIDER-CRANK LINKAGE. Velocities
and accelerations of different links were calculated using different methods. These methods are
graphical, analytical and software method. From there the results were compared so as to
understand which methods are precise for obtaining certain parameters. After discussing the results,
conclusion were drawn from the experiment.

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Vincent Akormedie 201200652 25-Oct-14

INTRODUCTION
This report was produced by Mr Tomeletso as a way of presenting what was achieved from the
project, SLIDER CRANCK LINKAGE. The project required me to study kinematics of planar linkages and
mainly velocity and acceleration diagrams through both graphical and analytical method. I had to
also learn the software SLIDER.

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BACKGROUND

SLIDER- CRANK
Mechanism consisting of a crank, connecting rod and piston. If the crank is turned, angular motion is
converted into linear motion of the piston and input torque is transformed into force on the piston. If
the piston is forced to move, the linear motion is converted into rotary motion and the force into
torque. Applications of slider crank mechanism could be seen in the locomotive engine and
compressor.

METHODS OF ANALYSIS
Slider crank can be analysed in three ways in order to achieve certain parameters . The methods are
explained in detail below:

GRAPHICAL METHOD
In graphical method the model is drawn to scale and the parameters needed could be directly
measured e.g., angles required could be measured using a protractor. When the velocity of a certain
point is needed the diagram could be drawn on the model and the angles could be directly
measured. The angles between the velocities of the links together with the known velocity of crank
will help draw the velocity diagram to scale.

ANALYTICAL METHOD

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In analytical method the velocity or acceleration is drawn by free hand sketching. The angles in
between are obtained from geometry. These angles can be used with the known velocity or
acceleration to calculate unknown velocities using the sine rule.

SOFTWARE
The software SLIDER is easy software to use; this software allows the user to input data into the
necessary places then the software automatically calculate the required output. Before inputting the
data into the software the units has to be set to SI units. After putting in the given data the following
parameters could be calculated:

Velocity of slider
Velocity of point P
Acceleration of point P
Acceleration of slider
Theta 3
Angular velocity of link 3

OBJECTIVES
To know how to use the SLIDER software to design the mechanism and make its
kinematic analysis.
To compare the results calculated manually with those from the software.

RESULTS AND THEIR DISCRIPTION

SOFTWARE ANALYSIS OF SLIDER - CRANK

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POSITION ANALYSIS

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VELOCITY ANALYSIS

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ACCELERATION ANALYSIS

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GRAPH OF VELOCITY OF POINT P VS CRANK ANGLE

CRANK ANGLE VELOCITY OF POINT P

60.0 0.7
120.0 0.4
180.0 0.1
240.0 0.5
300.0 0.6
360.0 0.1
420.0 0.7

Velocity of P vs Crank angle

0.8

0.7
Velocity of point P(m/s)

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Angle of crank(deg)

GRAPH OF ANGULAR VELOCITY OF LINK 3 VS CRANK ANGLE

CRANK ANGLE ANGULAR VELOCITY OF LINK 3

60.0 3.3
120.0 -3.3
180.0 -4.6
240.0 -2.0
300.0 2.0
360.0 4.6
420.0 3.3

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GRAPH OF ANGULAR VELOCITY OF LINK 2 VS CRANK ANGLE

CRANK ANGLE ANGULAR VELOCITY OF LINK 2

60.0 -12.0
120.0 -12.0
180.0 -12.0
240.0 -12.0
300.0 -12.0
360.0 -12.0
420.0 -12.0

Angular velocity of link 2 vs Crank angle

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
-2
Angular velocity of link 2(rad/sec)

-4

-6

-8

-10

-12

-14
Crank angle(deg)

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ANALYTICAL POSITION ANALYSIS

Using vector analysis of a slider crank mechanism :

rp r2 r3 r1 r4

r3

r4
rp
r2
r1

Two scalar equations are produced. The equations can be solved for two unknowns
r2 cos 2 r3 cos 3 r1 cos 1 r4 cos 4
r2 sin 2 r3 sin 3 r1 sin 1 r4 sin 4
Since we have to calculate one unkonwn we can use just the sine equation:

0.0508(sin60) + 0.1524(sin3) = r1(sin0) + (-0.0762)sin90

3 = -52.06o

Therefore measured from the positive y axis 3 = 180 52.06 = 127.94o

4 = 90o

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GRAPHICAL POSITION ANALYSIS

From the diagram drawn to scale, we can measure the angle 3 to obtain 52o

Measuring from the positive y axis our angle is 180 52o; so 3 = 128o

VELOCITY DIAGRAM ANALYSIS

Using relative velocity equations :

VB= VA + VBA VP= VB + VPB

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VA= w2l2

VA = -12(0.0508)

VA = -0.06096 m/s

Using sine rule

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Velocity Ratio

mV = wout/ win = vout/ vin

mV = vB/ vA

mV = 0.8/ 0.6

mV = 1.33

The velocity ratio helps to determine the efficiency of the mechanism.

ANALYTICAL VELOCITY ANALYSIS

Building on the vector analysis equation used above.

Position analysis parameters:

r1, 2, 3

Velocity analysis parameter.

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Find dr1/dt, d2/dt , d3/dt

r2 r3 r1 r4

r22u 2 2 r33u 3 2 r1u1

To eliminate 3 dot product both sides by u3

r22 cos 2 2 3 r1 cos1 3
r22 sin 2 3 r1 cos1 3
r2 sin 3 2
r1 2
cos 3 1

To eliminate dr1/dt dot product both sides by u(1+/2)

r22 cos 2 1 r33 cos 3 1
r2 cos 2 1
3 2
r3 cos 3 1
3 = -[0.0508cos(60 0)/ 0.1524cos(127.94 0)] x (-12)

3 = 3.25rad/s

Therefore VP = 3.25 x 0.1086 = 0.35295m/s

ACCELERATION DIAGRAM ANALYSIS

Using relative acceleration equations :

AB= AA + ABA AP=AB + APB

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ANALYTICAL ACCELERATION ANALYSIS

To find 3 eliminate d2r1/dt2, by dot product with u1+/2

r2 2 cos 2 1 r2 22 cos 2 1 2
r3 3 cos 3 1 r3 32 cos 3 1 2 0

r2 2 cos 2 1 r2 22 sin 2 1
r3 3 cos 3 1 r3 32 sin 3 1 0
AP = (1.2695 + 6.335 0.127) / 0.066711372

AP = 112.09 m/s2

COMPARISON OF RESULTS
Calculations from analytical,graphical and software were slightly differently. However, the Slider
Student software values were higher than most of the velocity and accleration values calculated
manualy which were expected to be same as from the software. The variations of results were
caused by the following reasons;

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The manual calculation results were rounded off.

Parallex errors occurred during construction and measurement in the graphical method.
The scale used in the graphical might not have been accurate enough.

CONCLUSION

GRAPHICAL SOFTWARE ANALYTICAL

Theta 3 128 127.9 127.94
Omega 3 2.62 3.3 3.25
Velocity of P(m/s) 0.2 0.7 0.4
Acceleration of 0.32 196.3 112.09
P(m/s2)

REFERENCES

1) Dynamics: Lecture Notes. Uziak, J., Foster, J.D.G. 2nd edition, Bay Publishing, Botswana 2004.
2) Mechanics of Machines Lecture Notes, Jacek Uziak, John D.G. Foster and Ivan A. Loukanov,
page 8 to 24.
3) Mechanics of Machines: Lecture Notes. Dr. Mohammad Kilani

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