PRODUCT CATALOGUE

G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration · Product Catalogue

Headquarters - Denmark: Sales Office - USA:

Skovlytoften 33 23621 Lorain Road
2840 Holte North Olmsted, OH 44070
Tel.: +45 4566 4046 · Fax: +45 4566 4047 Tel.: 440-779-0100 · Fax: 440-779-4148
E-mail: gras@gras.dk E-mail: sales@gras.us
www.gras.dk www.gras.us
 INDEX

EW0009: 87 RA0022: 73 S
EW0011: 87 RA0023: 48, 49, 83 SK0017: 77
EW0035: 87 RA0024: 48, 49, 83 SK0057: 77
EW0061: 87 RA0025: 48, 49
EW0062: 87 RA0037: 78 T
RA0038: 54, 56, 57, 81 TC4013: 83
G RA0039: 11, 54, 55, 57, 61 TC4032: 83
GA0006: 76 RA0041: 33, 80 TC4033: 84
GR0010: 25, 39, 72 RA0042: 48, 83
GR0045: 88 RA0043: 83
GR0332: 55 RA0045: 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 74, 75, 84
GR0336: 55, 81 RA0045-S1: 57
GR0398: 48, 83 RA0046: 83
GR0597: 75 RA0048: 83
GR0625: 88 RA0049: 48, 49, 83
GR0630: 88 RA0052: 54, 55, 56, 81
GR0707: 88 RA0055: 83
GR0917: 82 RA0056: 55, 57, 58
GR0924: 82 RA0057: 55, 57, 58
GR0958: 82 RA0058: 81
GU0133: 60 RA0060: 83
GU0138: 60 RA0062: 78
RA0063: 73, 74
H RA0067: 73, 74
HP 35670A Opt UK4: 43 RA0068: 74
HP 3569A: 43 RA0069: 48, 49, 84
RA0070: 81
K RA0071: 74
KB0060: 82 RA0072: 48, 49
KB0061: 82 RA0073: 56, 74
KB0065: 82 RA0075: 11, 55, 56, 74, 81
KB0066: 82 RA0076: 55
KB0090: 82 RA0077: 74
KB0091: 82 RA0078: 84
KB0110: 82 RA0080: 78
KB0111: 82 RA0081: 74
KB1060: 82 RA0082: 74
KB1061: 82 RA0083: 78
KB1065: 82 RA0084: 74
KB1066: 82 RA0085: 81
KB1090: 82 RA0086: 74
KB1091: 82 RA0087: 80
RA0088: 81
L RA0089: 75
LD2900: 43 RA0090: 37, 48, 49, 84
LD3000: 43 RA0091: 75
RA0092: 75
P RA0093: 75
PA0017: 87 RA0094: 75
PA0018: 87 RA0095: 75
PR0001: 16, 19, 27, 75, 87, 88 RA0096: 75
PR0001-1: 16, 19, 88 RA0107: 88
PR0002: 16, 19, 27, 75 RA0110: 81
PR001-1: 88 RA0113: 11, 56, 57, 74, 81
RA0114: 81
R RA0115: 81
RA0001: 55, 72 RA0116: 81
RA0003: 72 RA0117: 75
RA0006: 72 RA0118: 76
RA0007: 72 RA0119: 84
RA0009: 33, 80 RA0122: 76
RA0010: 34, 80 RA0125: 78
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration A/S RA0011: 78, 79 RA0127: 76
Skovlytoften 33 · 2840 Holte · Denmark RA0016: 72, 73 RA0131: 76
Tel.: +45 4566 4046 · Fax: +45 4566 4047 RA0017: 72 RA0132: 76
RA0018: 72, 73 RA0137: 57
E-mail: gras@gras.dk · www.gras.dk
RA0019: 73 RA0140: 78
RA0020: 73, 83 RA0141: 60, 82
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration RA0020-A: 73 RA0143: 82
23621 Lorain Road
North Olmsted, OH 44070, USA
Tel.: 440-779-0100 · Fax: 440-779-4148
E-mail: sales@gras.us · www.gras.us 97
INTRODUCTION
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration was founded in 1994 by
Gunnar Rasmussen and is a 100% privately owned
company. The company is located in Holte, Denmark,
20 km north of Copenhagen and produces acoustic
front-end products such as microphones, preamplifiers
and signal conditioning devices. Gunnar Rasmussen is
well known for his numerous contributions to the
development of noise and vibration measurement
instrumentation. For more than 50 years in the indus-
try he has developed a number of key products such as
modern measurement microphones, sound level
meters, sound intensity probes, delta shear accelero-
meters and many others. He has also worked with pre-
cision, free-field and pressure reciprocity calibrations,
as well as pistonphone and laser calibrations.

Product range
The company has concentrated its efforts and expert-
ise on the development and production of front-end
acoustic products. This includes in principle all products
necessary for the precise and reliable measurement,
and recording of acoustic signals, from the transducer
to the input of the A/D converter. The main line of
instrumentation includes a broad range of standard
measurement microphones and preamplifiers, all
designed and manufactured in accordance with inter-
national standards. These are complemented by a wide
range of more specialised transducers and accessories
for more specific applications such as sound intensity
microphones, artificial ears, ear and mouth simulators,
telephone-testing equipment, HATS, pistonphones and
calibrators etc.

Warranty
All microphones provided by G.R.A.S. Sound &
Vibration are constructed with a stainless steel protec-
tion grid and housing as well as special stainless alloy
diaphragm for unmatched durability and longevity. All
our high precision - type 1 - measurement micro-
phones are delivered with a five year warranty against
defective materials and workmanship.
All other instrumentation and products are warranted
against defective materials and workmanship for a
period of two years unless otherwise expressly speci-
fied. Excluded from these warranties, however, is dam-
age that is the result of negligent use, incorrect power
supplies, or incorrect connections to the equipment.
Batteries and other consumables are not covered by
the warranty.

Product improvements
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration works continuously to
improve products and reserves the right to change
product specifications without notice in order to take
advantage of new technological developments. Please
also check www.gras.dk for latest information.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES 6
Microphone selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Free-field, Pressure-field or Random-incidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Dynamic range of a microphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Frequency range of a microphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Externally polarized measurement microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Prepolarized measurement microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

SPECIAL MICROPHONES 16
Surface Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Array Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Array and Window Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Probe Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

PREAMPLIFIERS 22
1/2” Preamplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
1/4” Preamplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
1/2” CC Preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
1/4” CC Preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

TEDS MICROPHONES 28
Externally polarized TEDS Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
CC TEDS Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

MICROPHONES FOR OUTDOOR USE 32

Outdoor Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Environmental Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

LOW-NOISE MEASURING SYSTEMS 36

Low-noise Measuring Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

INTENSITY MICROPHONES AND CALIBRATORS 40

Intensity Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Special Intensity Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT 46

Pistonphones and Calibration Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR & MOUTH SIMULATORS, AND HATS 52

Artificial Ears and Ear Simulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Ear & Cheek Simulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Couplers and Ear Simulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Pinna Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Mouth Simulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Telephone Test Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Hats (Kemar) & Hearing-protector Test Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

POWER MODULES 62
Power Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
CC Input Adapter & Rack Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Power Modules for Low-noise Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

ACCESSORIES 70
Accessories for Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Accessories for Preamplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
Accessories for Outdoor microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Accessories for Artificial Ears & Mouths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Accessories for Pistonphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Miscellaneous Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

CHARTS 89
Measurement Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Calibration Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Ear/Mouth Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Microphone Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

INDEX 96
MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES

MICROPHONE SELECTION
Measurement microphones are available in many types covering various frequency ranges, dynamic ranges
and application situations. The following guide is provided to help in selecting the right microphone for a given
application.

Selecting a microphone involves a number of choices, which can be summarized as:

• Externally-polarized vs. prepolarized

• Free-field, Pressure-field or Random-incidence
• Dynamic range
• Frequency range

Externally-polarized vs. prepolarized

All G.R.A.S. measurement microphones are of the condenser type. This requires a polarization voltage which can
either be supplied from an external power supply or the microphone itself can be polarized by permanently inject-
ing an electrical charge into a thin PTFE layer on the microphone backplate.

Externally-polarized microphones Prepolarized microphones

These microphones are used with standard preampli-
fiers such as the Type 26AK, which has a 7-pin LEMO
connector. The preamplifier should be connected to a
power module (for example Type 12AK) or an analyz-
er input which can supply the preamplifier with power
as well as 200 V polarization.
Externally-polarized microphones are the most accu-
rate and stable and are to be preferred for very critical
measurements.
These microphones are used typically with CC
(Constant Current*) preamplifiers such as Type 40CA.
Prepolarized microphones must be connected to an
input stage for CC transducers or be powered by a CC
supply, for example the Type 12AL.
CC preamplifiers use standard coaxial cables, thus
reducing costs. On the other hand the long term stabil-
ity and high temperature stability of prepolarized
microphones are not as good as for externally polarized
microphones.

CC (Constant Current) is the same as IEPE (Integrated Electronic

*)

Piezo-Electric) and CCLD (Constant Current Line Drive) and is com-

patible with many other constant current driven products such as
Deltatron® (Brüel & Kjaer trademark), Isotron, etc.

MICROPHONES 6
Free-field, Pressure-field or Random-incidence
Measurement microphones can be divided into three groups: Free-field, Pressure-field, and Random-incidence.
The differences between microphones from group to group are at the higher frequencies, where the size of a
microphone becomes comparable with the wavelengths of the sound being measured.

Free-field microphones Pressure-field microphones Random-incidence microphones

A free-field microphone is designed
essentially to measure the sound
pressure as it existed before the
microphone was introduced into
the sound field. At higher frequen-
cies the presence of the micro-
phone itself in the sound field will
disturb the sound pressure locally.
The frequency response of a free-
field microphone has been carefully
adjusted to compensate for the dis-
turbances to the local sound field.
(See also random-incidence micro-
phones)
Free-field microphones are recom-
mended for most sound pressure
level measurements for example
with sound level meters, sound
power measurements and sound
radiation studies.
A pressure-field microphone is for
measuring the actual sound pres-
sure, as it exists on the surface of
the microphone’s diaphragm. A
typical application is in the meas-
urement of sound pressure in a
closed coupler or, as shown below,
the measurement of sound pressure
at a boundary or wall; in which case
the microphone forms part of the
wall and measures the sound pres-
sure on the wall itself.
Pressure microphones are recom-
mended for use with couplers like
RA0045 IEC 711 coupler, 2cc cou-
pler and for studies of sound pres-
sures inside closed cavities.
A random-incidence microphone is
for measuring in sound fields,
where the sound comes from many
different directions e.g. when
measuring in a reverberation cham-
ber or in other highly reflecting sur-
roundings
The combined influence of sound
waves coming from all directions
depends on how these sound
waves are distributed over the vari-
ous directions. For measurement
microphones, a standard distribu-
tion has been defined based on sta-
tistical considerations; resulting in a
standardised random-incidence
microphone.
Random-incidence is used typically
for sound pressure level measure-
ments according to ANSI standards.

7 MICROPHONES
MICROPHONES

Dynamic range of a microphone

The dynamic range of a microphone can be defined as the range between the lowest level and the highest level
that the microphone can handle. This is not only a function of the microphone alone, but also of the preamplifi-
er used with the microphone. The dynamic range of a microphone is, to a large extent, directly linked to its sen-
sitivity.

In general, a microphone with a high sensitivity will be able to measure very low levels, but not very high levels,
and a microphone with low sensitivity will be able to measure very high levels, but not very low levels.

The sensitivity of a microphone is determined chiefly by the size of the microphone and the tension of its
diaphragm. Generally speaking, a large microphone, with a loose diaphragm, will have a high sensitivity and a
small microphone, with a stiff diaphragm, will have a low sensitivity.

Upper limit of dynamic range Lower limit of dynamic range

The highest levels that can be measured are limited by
the amount of movement allowed for the diaphragm
before it comes into contact with the microphone’s
back plate.
As the level of the sound pressure on a microphone
increases, the deflection of the diaphragm will accord-
ingly be greater and greater until, at some point, the
diaphragm strikes the back plate inside the body of the
microphone. This is ultimately at the highest level the
microphone can measure.
The thermal agitation of air molecules is sufficient for a
microphone to generate a very small output signal,
even in absolutely quiet conditions. This “thermal
noise” lies normally at around 5 µV and will be super-
imposed on any acoustically-excited signal detected by
the microphone. Because of this, no acoustically-excit-
ed signal below the level of the thermal noise can be
measured.
The dynamic ranges of various G.R.A.S. microphones
are shown in the chart below. Different colours are
used to distinguish between pressure-field (dark grey),
free-field (orange) and random-incidence (light grey)
microphones.

The Type or Model number of each microphone is also

shown. The microphones are grouped according to size
of external diameter, i.e. 1”, 1/2”, 1/4” and 1/8”.

MICROPHONES 8
Frequency range of a microphone
The frequency range of a microphone is defined as the interval between its upper-limiting frequency and its lower
limiting frequency. With today’s microphones it is possible to cover a frequency range starting from around 1Hz
and reaching up to 140kHz.

Low frequency measurements require a microphone with a well-controlled static pressure equalisation with a very
slow venting.

High frequency measurements are very sensitive to diaphragm stiffness, damping and mass as well as diffraction.

Upper-limiting frequency Lower-limiting frequency

The upper-limiting frequency is linked to the size of the
microphone, or more precisely, the size of the micro-
phone compared with the wavelength of sound. Since
wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency, it
gets progressively shorter at higher frequencies. Hence,
the smaller the diameter of the microphone, the high-
er are the frequencies it can measure. On the other
hand, the sensitivity of a microphone is also related to
its size which also affects its dynamic range.
The lower-limiting frequency of a microphone is deter-
mined by its static pressure equalisation system.
Basically, a microphone measures the difference
between its internal pressure and the ambient pressure.
If the microphone was completely airtight, changes in
barometric pressure and altitude would result in a stat-
ic deflection of its diaphragm and, consequently, in a
change of frequency response and sensitivity.

The frequency ranges of various G.R.A.S. microphones
are shown in the chart below. Different colours are
used to distinguish between pressure-field (dark grey),
free-field (orange) and random-incidence (light grey)
microphones.
To avoid this, the microphone is manufactured with a
static-pressure equalisation channel for equalising the
internal pressure with ambient pressure. On the other
hand, equalisation must be slow enough to avoid
affecting the measurement of dynamic signals.

The Type or Model number of each microphone is also shown. The micro-
phones are grouped according to size of external diameter, i.e. 1”, 1/2”,
1/4” and 1/8”.

9 MICROPHONES
EXTERNALLY POLARIZED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES

Type 40AF Type 40AC

1/2” Free-field microphone 1/2” Free-field microphone, wide frequency

General-purpose high-sensitivity High-precision microphone for

microphone with a frequency laboratory work and as a work-
range from 3.15Hz to 20kHz. ing standard microphone in cali-
Can measure sound pressure bration laboratories. Wide fre-
levels down to 15 dBA. For type quency range from 3.15Hz to
0 and type 1 measurements. 40kHz. Its size and low sensitivi-
ty make it extremely robust and
stable and can measure sound
levels up to 160 dB.

Type 40AN Type 40BF

1/2” Free-field microphone, low frequencies 1/4” Free-field microphone, high levels

High sensitivity microphone Low-sensitivity microphone for

ideal for measuring sound at fre- high-level and high-frequency
quencies down to 1Hz. This measurements. Its low sensitivity
microphone is the obvious makes it ideal for measuring
choice for infra-sound measure- high sound pressure levels of up
ment. to 174 dB. Its small size reduces
the effects of diffraction and
reflections around the micro-
phone, resulting in a frequency
range reaching up to 100kHz.

Type 40AR
1/2” Random-incidence microphone

High-sensitivity microphone with

a frequency response optimised
to measure sound correctly in
random, diffuse and reverberant
sound fields. It fulfils the require-
ments of ANSI standard S1.4

Type Size Application Sensitivity Dynamic range Frequency range Polarization voltage IEC 61094 designation
40AF 12.7 (1/2”) Free-field 50 15 – 146 3.15 – 20 k 200 WS2F
40AC 12.7 (1/2”) Free-field 12.5 27 – 160 3.15 – 40 k 200 WS2F
40AN 12.7 (1/2”) Free-field 50 15 – 146 1 – 20 k 200 WS2F
40BF 6.35 (1/4”) Free-field 4 40 – 174 10 – 100 k 200 WS3F
40AR 12.7 (1/2”) Random 50 17 – 146 3.15 – 12.5 k 200 WS2D
Units mm (housing) mV/Pa dB re. 20µPa Hz V

MICROPHONES 10
 EXTERNALLY POLARIZED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES

Type 40EN Type 40AG

1” Pressure-field microphone 1/2” Pressure-field microphone

High-precision micro- High-precision micro-

phone for laboratory
work. Ideal for measure-
ments in couplers, e.g.
the G.R.A.S. RA0075 NBS
9A 6 cc Coupler for test-
ing earphones according
to ANSI S3.7 – 1995 and
the G.R.A.S. RA0113
which is a 2cc IEC 60126 Coupler. Can also be flush
mounted to measure sound pressures on walls and
boundaries.
phone for laboratory
work and coupler meas-
urements (e.g. in the
G.R.A.S. IEC 60318 Ear
Simulator RA0039). Has a
frequency range from
3.15Hz to 20kHz. Its size
and low sensitivity make
it extremely robust and stable and can measure sound
pressure levels up to 160 dB.

Type 40EU Type 40AU

1” Laboratory-standard pressure-field microphone
High-precision, laborato-
ry-standard microphone
with front cavity as speci-
fied in IEC 61094-2.
Equivalent to WE640AA.
Supplied with a protective
dust cap.
1/2” Pressure-field microphone, laboratory-standard,
wide frequency
High-precision, laborato-
ry-standard microphone
with front cavity as speci-
fied in IEC 61094-2.
Supplied with a protective
dust cap.

Type 40AP
1/2” Pressure-field microphone

High-sensitivity micro-
phone with a frequency
range from 3.15Hz to
10kHz. Can measure
sound pressure levels
down to 17 dBA. May
also be used as a ran-
dom-incidence micro-
phone.

Type Size Application Sensitivity Dynamic range Frequency range Polarization voltage IEC 61094 designation
40EN 23.77 (1”) Pressure 50 9.6 – 146 2.6 – 8 k 200 WS1P
40EU 23.77 (1”) Pressure 50 9.6 – 146 2.6 – 8 k 200 LS1P
40AG 12.7 (1/2”) Pressure 12.5 27 – 160 3.15 – 20 k 200 WS2P
40AU 12.7 (1/2”) Pressure 12.5 27 – 160 3.15 – 20 k 200 LS2aP
40AP 12.7 (1/2”) Pressure 50 17 – 146 3.15 – 10 k 200 WS2P
Units mm (housing) mV/Pa dB re. 20µPa Hz V

11 MICROPHONES
EXTERNALLY POLARIZED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES

Type 40BP Type 40DP

1/4” Pressure-field microphone, high levels
Low-sensitivity microphone for
sound measurements at high
levels and high frequencies. Its
low sensitivity makes it ideal for
measuring high sound pressure
levels of up to 174 dB. Its small
size reduces the effects of dif-
fraction and reflections around
the microphone, resulting in a
frequency range extending up
to 70kHz.
1/8” Pressure-field microphone, high levels,
high frequencies
Low-sensitivity microphone for
sound measurements at high
frequencies and high levels. Its
low sensitivity makes it ideal for
measuring high sound pressure
levels of up to 184 dB. Its very
small size reduces the effects of
diffraction and reflections
around the microphone, resulting in a frequency
range extending up to 140kHz.

Type 40BH
1/4” Pressure-field microphone, very high levels

Low-sensitivity microphone for

sound measurements at very
high levels. Its very low sensitivi-
ty makes it ideal for measuring
very high sound pressure levels
of up to 194 dB. Its small size
reduces the effects of diffraction
and reflections around the
microphone, making it ideal for
pulse measurements in frequen-
cies of up to 20kHz.

Type Size Application Sensitivity Dynamic range Frequency range Polarization voltage IEC 61094 designation
40BP 6.35 (1/4”) Pressure 1.6 45 – 174 10 – 70 k 200 WS3P
40BH 6.35 (1/4”) Pressure 0.4 60 – 194 10 – 20 k 200 -
40DP 3.16 (1/8”) Pressure 1 50 – 184 6.5 – 140 k 200 -
Units mm (housing) mV/Pa dB re. 20µPa Hz V

MICROPHONES 12
 PREPOLARIZED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES

Type 40AE Type 40AQ

1/2” Free-field microphone, prepolarized,
high sensitivity
General-purpose high-sensitivity
microphone with a frequency
range from 3.15Hz to 20kHz.
Requires no external polarization
voltage. Ideal with CC preampli-
fiers, type 1 sound level meters
and other similar measurement
set-ups.
1/2” Random-incidence microphone, prepolarized
High-sensitivity microphone
with a frequency response opti-
mised to measure sound correct-
ly in random, diffuse and rever-
berant sound fields. Requires no
external polarization voltage. It
fulfils the requirements of ANSI
standard S1.4.

Type 40BE
1/4” Free-field microphone, prepolarized, high levels

Low-sensitivity microphone for

high-level and high-frequency
measurements. Requires no
polarization voltage. Its low sen-
sitivity makes it ideal for meas-
uring high sound-pressure levels
of up to 168 dB. Ideal with CC
preamplifiers and for sound
measurements at very high fre-
quencies and levels..

Type Size Application Sensitivity Dynamic range Frequency range Polarization voltage IEC 61094 designation
40AE 12.7 (1/2”) Free-field 50 15 – 146 3.15 – 20 k 0 WS2F
40BE 6.35 (1/4”) Free-field 4 40 – 168 10 – 100 k 0 WS3F
40AQ 12.7 (1/2”) Random 50 17 – 146 3.15 – 12.5 k 0 WS2P/D
Units mm (housing) mV/Pa dB re. 20µPa Hz V

13 MICROPHONES
PREPOLARIZED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES

Type 40AD Type 40BD

1/2” Pressure-field microphone, prepolarized
A high-sensitivity microphone
with a frequency range from
3.15Hz to 10kHz. Requires no
external polarization voltage.
Can measure sound pressure
levels down to 17 dBA. May
also be used as a random-inci-
dence microphone.
1/4” Pressure-field microphone, prepolarized,
high levels
Low-sensitivity microphone for
sound measurements at high
levels and high frequencies.
Requires no external polarization
voltage. Its low sensitivity makes
it ideal for measuring high
sound pressure levels of up to
174 dB. Its small size reduces
the effects of diffraction and reflections around the
microphone, resulting in a frequency range extending
up to 70kHz.

Type 40AO Type 40DD

1/2” Pressure-field microphone, prepolarized, 1/8” Pressure microphone, high levels, prepolarized
wide frequency

A high-precision microphone for Low-sensitivity microphone for

laboratory work. Has a frequen- sound measurements at high
cy range from 3.15Hz to 20kHz. frequencies and high levels. Its
Requires no external polarization low sensitivity makes it ideal for
voltage. Its size and lower sensi- measuring high sound pressure
tivity make it extremely robust levels of up to 184 dB. Its very
and stable and can measure small size reduces the effects of
sound pressure levels up 160 dB. diffraction and reflections
around the microphone, result-
ing in a frequency range extend-
ing up to 140kHz.

Type Size Application Sensitivity Dynamic range Frequency range Polarization voltage IEC 61094 designation
40AD 12.7 (1/2”) Pressure 50 17 – 146 6.3 – 10 k 0 WS2P/D
40AO 12.7 (1/2”) Pressure 12.5 27 – 160 3.15 – 20 k 0 WS2P
40BD 6.35 (1/4”) Pressure 1.6 45 – 174 10 – 70 k 0 WS3P
40DD 3.16 (1/8”) Pressure 0.7 50 – 184 6.5 – 140 k 0 -
Units mm (housing) mV/Pa dB re. 20µPa Hz V

MICROPHONES 14
Notes

15 MICROPHONES
SPECIAL MICROPHONES
Special microphones are often required for applications
where there are particular requirements surrounding
the methods of measurements and configurations as in
the following:
Surface microphones for general purpose measure-
ments on planar and curved surfaces. Wide useful fre-
quency range reaching up to 20kHz and a large
dynamic range topping at around 136 dB.
Array microphones for situations where concurrent
measurements are required at several points in an
array.
For example in the analyses of:
Sound fields
Sound power
Transients
Also of particular value when measurement opportuni-
ties are few and far between either because of costs or
repeatability.
MICROPHONES
Close manufacturing tolerances together with the
advantages of the TEDS chip, provide these array
microphones with a high degree of interchangeability;
a major advantage when used in multiples forming
arrays and matrices. All have a coaxial SMB output
connector. See also Array Modules PR0001, PR0001-1
and PR0002.
Probe microphones for measurements in difficult or
inaccessible situations, for example at high tempera-
tures or in conditions of airflow. Its right-angled design
makes it particularly well suited for measurements in
exhaust systems and machinery in general, as well as
for scanning surfaces such as loudspeakers and cabi-
nets.
The small size, low weight and all stainless steel design
of the probe’s tip make it robust, durable, easy to han-
dle and simple to mount.
Window microphones for architectural acoustics.
16
 SURFACE MICROPHONES

Type 40PS
Surface microphone

The Type 40PS is a low-cost microphone for general

purpose measurements on planar and curved surfaces.
It has a wide useful frequency range reaching up to
20kHz and a large dynamic range topping at around
136 dB.
It has an integrated CC preamplifier and is delivered
with a built-in TEDS chip which enables it to be pro-
grammed as a complete unit. The Type 40PS requires
a constant-current power supply, e.g. the G.R.A.S. CC
Supply Type 12AL, or any other CC compatible power
supply.

Specifications Type 40PS

Nominal sensitivity
Frequency response
Upper Limit of Dynamic Range
Output connector
Lower Limit of Dynamic Range
Temperature Range
Output impedance
Output
Diameter
Thickness
Weight
Cable length
Cable diameter
5 mV at 250 Hz
100 Hz - 3 kHz (±1 dB)
20 Hz - 20 kHz (±3 dB)
136dB re. 20µPa
Coaxial microdot
< 30 dBA re. 20µPa (thermal noise)
-20 °C to +80 °C
< 50 Ω
Integral cable with coaxial microdot connector
40 mm (with fairing)
13.2 mm (without fairing)
2.8 mm
3g
1.5 m
1.1 mm

17 MICROPHONES
ARRAY MICROPHONES

Type 40PR Type 40PT

Pressure, array microphone Uni-gain free-field, array microphone

Low-cost pressure microphone for general-purpose
measurements in arrays and matrices. It has a wide
useful frequency range reaching up to 10kHz and a
large dynamic range topping at around 145 dB. Its
integrated CC preamplifier and built-in TEDS chip
enable it to be programmed as a complete unit.
Similar to Type 40PQ but with a factory-adjusted
nominal sensitivity of 10 mV/Pa ± 0.2 dB which
ensures that signal conditioning is the same for each
Type 40PT in an array.

Type 40PQ Type 40PF

Free-field, array microphone Uni-gain free-field, array microphone

Low-cost free-field microphone for general-purpose
measurements in arrays and matrices. It has a wide
useful frequency range reaching up to 20kHz and a
large dynamic range topping at around 138 dB. Its
integrated CC preamplifier and built-in TEDS chip
enable it to be programmed as a complete unit.
Similar to Type 40PQ but with a factory-adjusted
nominal sensitivity of 50 mV/Pa ± 0.2 dB which
ensures that signal conditioning is the same for each
Type 40PF in an array.

Specifications 40PR 40PQ 40PT 40PF Units

Sensitivity at 250 Hz 3.5 (nominal) 8 (nominal) 10 ± 0.2dB 50 ± 0.2dB mV/Pa
Dynamic range
Lower limit < 38 < 32 < 32 < 32 dBA re. 20µPa
Upper limit 145 138 138 134 dB re. 20µPa
Frequency response
10 Hz – 100 Hz ±3 ±3 ±3 dB
100 Hz – 3 kHz ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1 dB
3 kHz – 10 kHz ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 dB
10 kHz – 20 kHz ±3 ±3 ±3 dB
Output impedance < 50 < 50 < 50 < 50 Ω

MICROPHONES 18
 ARRAY MICROPHONES

PR0001 / PR0001-1 PR0002

Modules for Array Microphones Array Module

Mounting rails for up to six G.R.A.S. array micro- A mounting rail which allows array microphones to be
phones, e.g. Types 40PR, 40PQ, 40PF or 40PT. Both spaced at intervals of 25 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm,
rails have a single 3m cable which terminates in a 7- 100 mm, etc.
pin male LEMO plug 1B for connecting each array
microphone in parallel with a constant-current power
supply and subsequent multi-channel facility for signal
analyses.

A modular design allows multiple-array configurations

to suit various measurement requirements. In all
cases, the pitch distance across Array Modules is
maintained at 50 mm, resulting in an upper frequency
level of 3.4kHz.

The array microphones are simply plugged into the

numbered SMB sockets (which are pitched at regular
50 mm intervals) of the Array Module.

PR0001: has a central cable connection

and is numbered 1 to 6 on one side.
PR0001-1: has a lateral cable connection
and is numbered 1 to 6 on both sides.

Accessories available:

AC0015: Split cable from 7-pin LEMO plug

to 6 BNC connectors

AC0016: Split cable from 7-pin LEMO plug

to 6 SMB connectors

19 MICROPHONES
ARRAY AND WINDOW MICROPHONES

Type 40TA Window Microphone Type 41AW

64-channel Microphone array grid
An 8x8 microphone array designed to cover the fre-
quency range 1000Hz to 6.6kHz, with a minimum of
disturbance to the sound field, using a data-acquisi-
tion system with at least 64 channels.
The spacing between points is 25 mm and the config-
uration is 8 x 8 microphones making a square of 175
mm x 175 mm. Two of these arrays may be coupled
to make a rectangle, or four coupled to make a larger
square, in order to extend the lower-limiting frequen-
cy down to 250Hz.
The Type 40TA is provided with a 68-core flat cable.
It may be hand held, mounted on a tripod or used
with a positioning system.
The Window Microphone Type 41AW meets the cur-
rent Swiss code of practice for measuring noise at
window-pane locations. It is attached (using double-
sided adhesive tape) to the outer surface of a window
pane, or leant up against it supported by a pole, for
monitoring the noise exposure on the outer surface of
the window. Normally, a window will be the weakest
point in evaluating external-sound insulation but any
other surface exposed to external noise can be like-
wise monitored. The main components of the
Window Microphone are a preamplifier (Type 26AC)
and microphone (Type 40AF) mounted on a 160 mm
disc, a detachable hemispherical foam wind screen is
also included. The microphone normally points
towards the disc (and window pane) but can be
flipped round for Pistonphone calibration.

Reference microphones are also available, e.g. the

Type 40BF with either a Type 26CC or 26CB pream-
plifier.

Type 41AW

Type 26AC Type 40AF

Specifications 40TA Units

Sensitivity at 250 Hz 8 (nominal) mV/Pa
Dynamic range
Lower limit < 32 dBA re. 20µPa Specifications 40AF Units
Upper limit 138 dB re. 20µPa Size 12.7 (1/2”) mm (housing)
Frequency response Application Free-field
10 Hz – 100 Hz ±3 dB Sensitivity 50 mV/Pa
100 Hz – 3 kHz ±1 dB Dynamic range 15 – 146 dB re. 20µPa
3 kHz – 10 kHz ±2 dB Frequency range 3.15 – 20 k Hz
10 kHz – 20 kHz ±3 dB Polarization voltage 200 V
Output impedance < 50 Ω IEC 61094 designation WS2F

MICROPHONES 20
 PROBE MICROPHONES

Type 40SA Type 40SC

Probe microphone CC Probe Microphone

Small, compact unit for sound pressure measurements
in small enclosures, harsh environments and very
close to sound sources. The high acoustic input
impedance of the probe tip has minimal influence on
the acoustic field, and can withstand temperatures of
up to 800ºC.
The probe microphone is constructed with a detach-
able stainless steel probe tip that guides the acoustic
signal to a microphone buried inside the probe hous-
ing.
Similar to the Probe Microphone Type 40SA in both
size and performance but differs only in the way it is
powered. The Type 40SC is built around a prepolar-
ized microphone and CC preamplifier and requires a
constant-current power supply. Instead of a cable, it
has a BNC output socket for making a connection to
a constant-current power supply such as the G.R.A.S.
CC Supply Type 12AL, or direct to a data-acquisition
system that can supply constant current between
4 and 20 mA.

For closed-coupler measurements, the probe micro-

phone uses internal pressure equalisation to balance
out static pressure differences.

Specifications 40SA Units Specifications 40SC Units

Sensitivity at 250 Hz 3 mV/Pa nominal Sensitivity at 250 Hz 3 mV/Pa nominal
Dynamic range 40 to >166 dB re. 20µPa Dynamic range 40 to >160 dB re. 20µPa
Frequency range (w/corrections) 2 – 20 k Hz Frequency range (w/corrections) 2 – 20 k Hz
Electrical output impedance < 50 Ω Electrical output impedance < 50 Ω
Noise floor (typical) 6 (A-weighted) µV Noise floor (typical) 6 (A-weighted) µV
Lin (20 Hz – 20 kHz) 3 µV Lin (20 Hz – 20 kHz) 3 µV

21 MICROPHONES
PREAMPLIFIERS
The output from a condenser microphone is a very
high-impedance signal and is therefore very sensitive
to the capacitive loads of cables. This makes it neces-
sary to introduce a driver with a high input impedance
and a low output impedance. Such a driver is called a
preamplifier.
The frequency range of a preamplifier is determined by
its electronic circuit and is typically more than 200kHz
at the high end and 1 - 10Hz at the lower end. The
lower end is determined by the input impedance of the
preamplifier and the capacitance of the microphone.
High microphone capacitance gives a low cut off fre-
quency.
The dynamic range of a preamplifier is defined as the
range between the highest level the preamplifier can
handle without distortion, and the lowest level it can
measure. The highest level is related to the preampli-
fiers supply voltage, whereas the lowest level is related
to the electrical noise generated by the preamplifier
itself.
PREAMPLIFIERS
There are today two different preamplifier principles in
the world of acoustics..
One is the traditional type for externally-polarized
microphones often referred to as the “LEMO” type
because of its 7-pin connector and has become an
industry standard. It is voltage driven and can handle
high voltage signals of up to 50Vpeak.
The other principle uses a Constant Current (CC)
power supply and was introduced around 1996 to the
world of high-precision acoustics. Before that, the
quality of CC preamplifiers was not as good as the volt-
age driven LEMO types, but that is not the case today.
A CC preamplifier uses a Constant Current power sup-
ply, which must lie between 2mA and 20mA (nominal-
ly 4mA), to produce a constant nominal voltage level
of 12 Volt DC (referred to as the bias voltage). The
output signal from the microphone superimposes fluc-
tuations around this DC level. The great advantage of
CC preamplifiers is that they use a two wire system
where the signal is superimposed on the wire through
22
which the current is kept constant. This means that
simple co-axial cables can be used instead of the more
complex 7-core cables used with the voltage driven
LEMO types. This is traded off by accepting a lower
upper limit in dynamic range (due to the lower driving
voltage of a constant-current source) which limits the
maximum output signal to approximately 8Vpeak, and
the necessity of having to use prepolarized micro-
phones. The range of available prepolarized micro-
phones is still not as wide as for externally-polarized
microphones, although G.R.A.S. was the first in the
world to introduce 1/4” prepolarized microphones,
and have just released a 1/8” prepolarized micro-
phone.
G.R.A.S. microphone preamplifiers are all small robust
units optimised for acoustical measurements with con-
denser microphones.
CC (Constant Current) is the same as IEPE (Integrated Electronic Piezo-Electric) and CCLD (Constant Current Line
Drive) and is compatible with many other constant current driven products such as Deltatron®, Isotron, etc.
DeltaTron is a trademark of Brüel & Kjaer
23
They are all compatible with measurement micro-
phones as defined in the international standard IEC
61094 “Measurement Microphones, Part 4:
Specifications for working standard microphones”.
All G.R.A.S. preamplifiers are built around a small,
thick-film precision amplifier with very high input
impedance. The casings are made of stainless steel for
maximum strength and durability with minimal sensi-
tivity to vibration and microphonics.
They will work within their specifications up to a tem-
perature of 70°C (158°F). Special versions for use at
temperatures up to 120°C (248°F) are available on
request. The only effect of elevated temperature is a
slight increase in inherent noise level. This will change
the lower limit of the dynamic range of the micro-
phone/preamplifier combination, thus limiting the abil-
ity to measure very low sound pressure levels.
PREAMPLIFIERS
1/2” PREAMPLIFIERS

Type 26AK Type 26AJ Type 26AM

1/2” Preamplifier 1/2” Preamplifier with SysCheck 1/2” Preamplifier

General-purpose preamplifier with General-purpose preamplifier with General-purpose preamplifier with

an integrated 7-pin LEMO con-
nector.
Cable (not included) is available in
various lengths (see under acces-
sories).
an integrated 7-pin LEMO con- an integrated 3m cable terminat-
nector. Includes built-in SysCheck ing in a 7-pin LEMO connector.
facility for enabling easy system
checks to be made.
Cable (not included) is available in
various lengths (see under acces-
sories).

Type 26AH Type 26AG Type 26TK

1/2” Preamplifier with SysCheck 1/2” Insert-voltage Preamplifier 1/2” Preamplifier with TEDS

General-purpose preamplifier with Preamplifier with an integrated 7- Preamplifier with an integrated 7-

an integrated 3 metre cable termi-
nating in a 7-pin LEMO connec-
tor. Includes built-in SysCheck
facility for enabling easy system
checks to be made.
pin LEMO connector. Configured
to permit use of the insert-voltage
technique for determining the
open-circuit sensitivity of a micro-
phone.
Cable (not included) is available in
various lengths (see under acces-
sories).
pin LEMO connector. Includes
built-in TEDS chip which enables
it to be programmed with calibra-
tion data as a complete unit
together with a microphone.
Cable (not included) is available in
various lengths (see under acces-
sories).

Specifications Type 26AH, AM 26AG, AJ, AK, TK

Frequency range
Input impedance
Output impedance (typical)
Output connector
Power supply, Single
Power supply, Dual
Noise; A-weighted
Noise; linear (20 Hz – 20 kHz)
Gain
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Diameter
Length
Weight
2 Hz – 200 kHz (±0.2 dB)
0.4 pF, 20 G Ω
55 Ω
7-pin LEMO male
28 V, 0.7 mA to 120 V, 2.5 mA
±14 V, 0.7 mA to ±60 V, 2.5 mA
< 2.5 µV (typically 1.8 µV) rms
< 6 µV (typically 3.5 µV) rms
–0.25 dB (typical)
–30 °C to + 70 °C
–40 °C to + 85 °C
12.7 mm (1/2”)
87 mm
32 g (ex. cable)
2 Hz – 200 kHz (±0.2 dB)
0.4 pF, 20 G Ω
55 Ω
7-pin LEMO male
28 V, 0.7 mA to 120 V, 2.5 mA
±14 V, 0.7 mA to ±60 V, 2.5 mA
< 2.5 µV (typically 1.8 µV) rms
< 6 µV (typically 3.5 µV) rms
–0.25 dB (typical)
–30 °C to + 70 °C
–40 °C to + 85 °C
12.7 mm (1/2”)
90 mm
35 g

PREAMPLIFIERS 24

Type 26AA
1/4” Preamplifier
Preamplifier with 30 cm light-
weight cable terminating in a 4-
pin LEMO 0B connector. Intended
for use with G.R.A.S. Sound
Intensity Probe Type 50AI, in
which case they are also available
in matched pairs under the name:
Type 26AA Set.
Type 26AB
1/4” Preamplifier
General-purpose preamplifier with
an integrated 7-pin LEMO con-
nector. A 1/4” to 1/2” adapter,
AF0008, is included, so that it can
also be used with G.R.A.S. 1/2”
microphones. Cable not included.
Type 26AC
1/4” Preamplifier
General-purpose preamplifier with
an integrated 3 metre lightweight
cable terminating in a 7-pin
LEMO connector. A 1/4” to 1/2”
adapter, GR0010, is included, so
that it can also be used with
G.R.A.S. 1/2” microphones.
Type 26AL
1/4” Preamplifier with SysCheck
General-purpose preamplifier with
an integrated 3 metre lightweight
cable terminating in a 7-pin LEMO
connector. Includes built-in
SysCheck facility for enabling easy
system checks to be made. A 1/4”
to 1/2” adapter, GR0010, is includ-
ed, so that it can also be used with
G.R.A.S. 1/2” microphones.
Type 26AN
1/4” Insert-voltage Preamplifier
Preamplifier with an integrated 7-
pin LEMO connector. Configured
to permit use of the insert-voltage
technique for determining the
open-circuit sensitivity of a micro-
phone. A 1/4” to 1/2” adapter,
GR0010, is included, so that it can
also be used with G.R.A.S. 1/2”
microphones. Cable not included.
Specifications Type
Frequency range
Input impedance
Output impedance (typical)
Output connector
Power supply, Single
Power supply, Dual
Noise; A-weighted
Noise; linear (20 Hz – 20 kHz)
Gain
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Dimensions and weight 26AA, 26AC,
26AL, 26HG and 26TC (ex. cable)
Dimensions and weight 26AB
and 26AN
25
1/4” PREAMPLIFIERS
Type 26HG
1/4” Preamplifier, High Impedance
Similar to Type 26AC but with
40 GΩ input impedance to enable
low-level and low-frequency noise
measurements.
Type 26TC
1/4” Preamplifier with TEDS
Preamplifier with an integrated 3
metre lightweight cable terminat-
ing in a 7-pin LEMO connector.
Includes built-in TEDS chip which
enables it to be programmed with
calibration data as a complete unit
together with a microphone. A
1/4” to 1/2” adapter, GR0010, is
included, so that it can also be
used with G.R.A.S. 1/2” micro-
phones.
26A+ Series to 26TC 26HG
2 Hz – 200 kHz (±0.2 dB) 1 Hz – 200 kHz (±0.2 dB)
0.4 pF, 20 G Ω 0.4 pF, 40 G Ω
55 Ω 55 Ω
4/7-pin LEMO male 4/7-pin LEMO male
28 V, 0.7 mA to 120 V, 2.5 mA 28 V, 0.7 mA to 120 V, 2.5 mA
±14 V, 0.7 mA to ±60 V, 2.5 mA ±14 V, 0.7 mA to ±60 V, 2.5 mA
< 2.5 µV (typically 1.8 µV) rms < 2.3 µV (typically 1.5 µV) rms
< 6 µV (typically 3.5 µV) rms < 5.7 µV (typically 3.2 µV) rms
–0.25 dB (typical) –0.25 dB (typical)
–30 °C to + 70 °C –30 °C to + 70 °C
–40 °C to + 85 °C –40 °C to + 85 °C
Diameter: 6.35 mm (1/4”) Diameter: 6.35 mm (1/4”)
Length: 43 mm Length: 43 mm
Weight: 8 g Weight: 8 g
Diameter: 12 mm (0.47”) Diameter: 12 mm (0.47”)
Length: 67.6 mm Length: 67.6 mm
Weight: 22 g Weight: 22 g
PREAMPLIFIERS
1/2” CC PREAMPLIFIERS

Type 26CA
1/2” CC Preamplifier

CC preamplifier with an integrated BNC connector. For

use with 1/2” prepolarized microphones and standard
constant-current input devices. Includes built-in TEDS
chip which enables it to be programmed as a complete
unit together with a microphone.

Type 26CF
1/2” CC Preamplifier with gain and filters

CC preamplifier with an integrated BNC connector.

For use with 1/2” prepolarized microphones and
standard constant-current input devices.
Has two flush-mounted switches for selecting various
combinations of gain and filtering, i.e.:

Gain switch settings:

0dB - for normal microphone signals.
+20dB - for boosting weak microphone signals.

Filter switch settings:

A-Weighting - as required in standard measurements.
Linear - to let the microphone signal pass unfiltered.
High-pass - to cut off unwanted low frequencies

Specifications 26CA 26CF

Frequency range 2 Hz – 200 kHz (± 0.2 dB) 2.5 Hz – 100 kHz (± 0.2 dB)
Input impedance 0.4 pF, 20 G Ω 0.4 pF, 20 G Ω
Output impedance < 50 Ω < 50 Ω
Output connector Coaxial BNC Coaxial BNC
Power supply 2 mA to 20 mA (typically 4 mA) 4 mA to 20 mA (typically 4 mA)
Noise A-weighted < 2.5 µV (typically 2.0 µV) Typically 10 µV (built-in A-weighted)
Noise linear < 6 µV (typically 3.5 µV) rms Typically 8 µV rms
Gain Typically –0.25 dB Typically –0.25 dB
Operating temperature –30 °C to + 70 °C –30 °C to + 70 °C
Storage temperature –40 °C to + 85 °C –40 °C to + 85 °C
Diameter 12.7 mm (1/2”) 12.7 mm (1/2”)
Length 73 mm 92 mm
Weight 26 g 30 g

PREAMPLIFIERS 26
 1/4” CC PREAMPLIFIERS

Type 26CB
1/4” CC Preamplifier

CC preamplifier with an integrated Microdot connec-

tor. For use with 1/4” prepolarized microphones.
Delivered with a 3 metre Microdot-BNC cable for
connecting to constant-current input devices. Includes
built-in TEDS chip which enables it to be programmed
as a complete unit together with a microphone.

Type 26CC
1/4” CC Preamplifier

CC preamplifier with an integrated SMB connector.

For use with 1/4” prepolarized microphones. For
direct use on G.R.A.S. Array Modules PR0001 and
PR0002 connected to constant-current input devices.
Includes built-in TEDS chip which enables it to be pro-
grammed as a complete unit together with a micro-
phone.

Specifications 26CB 26CC

Frequency range 2 Hz – 200 kHz (±0.2 dB) 2 Hz – 200 kHz (±0.2 dB)
Input impedance 0.4 pF, 20 G Ω 0.4 pF, 20 G Ω
Output impedance < 50 Ω < 50 Ω
Output connector Coaxial microdot Coaxial SMB
Power supply 2 mA to 20 mA (typically 4 mA) 2 mA to 20 mA (typically 4 mA)
Noise A-weighted < 2.5 µV (typically 2.0 µV) < 2.5 µV (typically 2.0 µV)
Noise linear < 6 µV (typically 3.5 µV) rms < 6 µV (typically 3.5 µV) rms
Gain Typically –0.25 dB Typically –0.25 dB
Operating temperature –30 °C to +70 °C –30 °C to +70 °C
Storage temperature –40 °C to +85 °C –40 °C to +85 °C
Diameter 6.35 mm (1/4”) 6.35 mm (1/4”)
Length 44 mm 44 mm
Weight 8g 8g

27 PREAMPLIFIERS
TEDS MICROPHONES
Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS)
IEEE P1451.4 is a standard for adding plug and play
capabilities to analogue transducers. The underlying
mechanism for plug and play identification is the stan-
dardisation of a Transducer Electronic Data Sheet
(TEDS). A TEDS contains the critical information need-
ed by an instrument or measurement system to identi-
fy, characterise, interface, and properly use the signal
from an analogue sensor. The TEDS resides in embed-
ded memory, typically an EEPROM, within the ana-
logue transducer, as defined in the IEEE P1451.4 stan-
dard.
IEEE P1451.4 defines the method of encoding TEDS
information for a broad range of sensor types and
applications. In order to cover such a broad range while
also keeping memory usage to a minimum, the IEEE
P1451.4 TEDS concept utilises templates that define
the specific properties for different sensor types.
Instrumentation and software to read TEDS informa-
tion directly from the transducer is available, for exam-
ple, from National Instruments, 01dB, OROS, etc.
TEDS MICROPHONES
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration A/S is a member of the
National Instruments Alliance Program and can offer a
wide range of precision measurement instrumentation
directly compatible, for example, with the NI 44XX
series DSA devices.
Each G.R.A.S. TEDS preamplifier and microphone com-
bination is first sealed with a sticker. The TEDS is then
programmed with the calibration information for the
specific combination using IEEE P1451.4 TEDS tem-
plate.
Each preamplifier and microphone described in the fol-
lowing is calibrated together as a combined unit and
the information is stored in the built-in TEDS of the
preamplifier.
28
29 TEDS MICROPHONES
EXTERNALLY POLARIZED TEDS MICROPHONES

Type 46AF Type 46BP

1/2” TEDS Free-field Microphone 1/4” TEDS Pressure-field Microphone

Combination of: Combination of:

• 1/2" General-pur- • 1/4" High-fre-
pose high-sensi- quency Pressure-
tivity Free-field field Microphone
Microphone Type Type 40BP for
40AF, frequency high-level meas-
range from urements, fre-
3.15Hz to 20kHz. quency response
• 1/2" Preamplifier Type 26TK with built-in TEDS chip from 4Hz to 70kHz.
and 7-pin LEMO connector. Extension cables avail- • 1/4" Preamplifier Type 26TC with built-in TEDS
able: AA0008/09/12/14/20. chip and integrated 3 metre cable with a 7-pin
LEMO connector.

Type 46BF Type 46AR

1/4” TEDS Free-field Microphone 1/2” TEDS Random-incidence Microphone

• 1/4" High-fre- Combination of:

quency Free-field • 1/2" High-sensi-
Microphone Type tivity Random-
40BF for high- incidence
level measure- Microphone Type
ments, frequency 40AR optimised
response from to measure sound
4Hz to 100kHz. correctly in ran-
• 1/4" Preamplifier Type 26TC with built-in TEDS dom, diffuse and reverberant sound fields, frequen-
chip and integrated 3 metre cable with a 7-pin cy response from 3.15Hz to 12.5kHz.
LEMO connector. • 1/2" Preamplifier Type 26TK with built-in TEDS chip
and 7-pin LEMO connector. Extension cables avail-
able: AA0008/09/12/14/20.

Type 46AP
1/2” TEDS Pressure-field Microphone

• 1/2" High-sensi-
tivity Pressure-
field Microphone
Type 40AP with a
frequency range
from 3.15Hz to
10kHz.
• 1/2" Preamplifier
Type 26TK with built-in TEDS chip and 7-pin LEMO
connector. Extension cables available:
AA0008/09/12/14/20.

Type Nominal Frequency Power Dynamic Output Temperature Length Diameter without Diameter with Weight
sensitivity response supply range impedance range protection grid protection grid
46AF 50 3.15 – 20 k 28 – 120 14 dBA to 146 dB 55 -30 to +70 101 12.7 13.2 42
46BF 4 4 – 100 k 28 – 120 30 dBA to 174 dB 55 -30 to +70 52 6.35 6.9 10
46AP 50 3.15 – 10 k 28 – 120 16 dBA to 154 dB 55 -30 to +70 101 12.7 13.2 42
46BP 1.6 4 – 70 k 28 – 120 31 dBA to 172 dB 55 -30 to +70 52 6.35 6.9 10
46AR 50 3.15 – 12.5 k 28 – 120 16 dBA to 154 dB 55 -30 to +70 101 12.7 13.2 42
Units mV/Pa Hz V DC re. 20µPa Ω °C mm mm mm g

TEDS MICROPHONES 30
 CC TEDS MICROPHONES

Type 46AE Type 46AO

1/2” TEDS Free-field Microphone 1/2” TEDS Wide-frequency Microphone

Combination of: • 1/2" Prepolarized

• 1/2" Prepolarized Pressure-field
Free-field Microphone Type
Microphone Type 40A0. High-preci-
40AE. General- sion microphone
purpose, high- for laboratory
sensitivity, fre- work, frequency
quency range range from
from 3.15Hz to 20kHz. 3.15Hz to 20kHz.
• 1/2" CC Preamplifier Type 26CA with built-in TEDS • 1/2" CC Preamplifier Type 26CA with built-in TEDS
chip and BNC connector. Extension cables available: chip and BNC connector. Extension cables available:
AA0034/35/36/37/38/39. AA0034/35/36/37/38/39.

Type 46BE Type 46BD

1/4” TEDS Free-field Microphone 1/4” TEDS Pressure-field Microphone

Combination of: Combination of:

• 1/4" Prepolarized • 1/4" Prepolarized
Free-field Pressure-field
Microphone Type Microphone Type
40BE. Low-sensi- 40BD. Low-sensi-
tivity for high-level tivity for high-level
and high-frequen- and high-frequen-
cy measurements, cy measurements,
frequency response from 4Hz to 80kHz. frequency response from 4Hz to 70kHz.
• 1/4" CC Preamplifier Type 26CB with built-in TEDS • 1/4" CC Preamplifier Type 26CB with built-in TEDS
chip and Microdot connector. 3m Microdot-BNC chip and Microdot connector. 3m Microdot-BNC
cable included for CC input devices. cable included for CC input devices.

Type 46AD Type 46AQ

1/2” TEDS Pressure-field Microphone 1/2” TEDS Random-incidence Microphone

Combination of: Combination of:

• 1/2" Prepolarized • 1/2" High-sensi-
Pressure-field tivity Random-
Microphone Type incidence
40AD. General- Microphone Type
purpose, high- 40AQ optimised
sensitivity, fre- to measure sound
quency range correctly in ran-
from 3.15Hz to 10kHz. dom, diffuse and reverberant sound fields, frequen-
• 1/2" CC Preamplifier Type 26CA with built-in TEDS cy response from 3.15Hz to 12.5kHz.
chip and BNC connector. Extension cables available: • 1/2" CC Preamplifier Type 26CA with built-in TEDS
AA0034/35/36/37/38/39. chip and BNC connector. Extension cables available:
AA0034/35/36/37/38/39.
Type Nominal Frequency Power Dynamic Output Max. output Temp. Length Diameter without Diameter with Weight
sensitivity response supply range impedance peak voltage range protection grid protection grid
46AE 50 3.15 – 20 k 2 – 20 14 dBA to 135 dB < 50 ±8 –30 to +60 101 12.7 13.2 40
46BE 4 4 – 80 k 2 – 20 30 dBA to 160 dB < 50 ±8 –30 to +60 54 6.35 6.9 10
46AD 50 3.15 – 10 k 2 – 20 16 dBA to 135 dB < 50 ±8 –30 to +60 101 12.7 13.2 40
46AO 12 4 – 20 k 2 – 20 20 dBA to 147 dB < 50 ±8 –30 to +60 97 12.7 13.2 39
46BD 1.6 4 – 70 k 2 – 20 38 dBA to 168 dB < 50 ±8 –30 to +60 54 6.35 6.9 10
46AQ 50 3.15 – 12.5 k 2 – 20 14 dBA to 135 dB < 50 ±8 –30 to +60 101 12.7 13.2 40
Units mV/Pa Hz mA re. 20µPa Ω V °C mm mm mm g

31 TEDS MICROPHONES
MICROPHONES FOR OUTDOOR USE

Unprotected measurement microphones are sensitive
to environmental factors such as wind, rain and snow.
This shortcoming has been eliminated by specially-
designed units that protect the microphone and its
diaphragm from the effects of outdoor use. Each has a
windscreen surmounted by four-pronged anti-bird
spikes to prevent birds using it as a perch.
Perching birds and their excreta can seriously distort
measurements or even overload the measurement
equipment. Smaller birds have actually been known to
nest on top of the earlier three-pronged anti-bird
spikes. Hence, the introduction of the fourth, centre
prong.
Two types are available:
Outdoor Microphones for permanent outdoor use
which are encased stainless steel units that can with-
stand all weathers year after year e.g. in airport noise
monitoring systems.
Environmental Microphones are smaller units meant
for temporary outdoor use in terms of days or weeks,
such as in time limited consultant work.
Each type is available in the following two versions:
• For airport noise monitoring, where the measure-
ment direction points upwards (0º incidence).
• For community noise- or traffic noise measure-
ments, where the measurement direction is in the
horizontal plane (90º incidence).
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration has more than 1500 of
these units deployed all over the world, from the arctic
cold in Norway to the humid jungles of Malaysia.

MICROPHONES FOR OUTDOOR USE 32


Type 41AM
Outdoor Microphone, 0º incidence
For permanent outdoor installation, for example in air-
port noise monitoring systems. Has built-in A-weight-
ing, ±20 dB amplifier (for shifting the dynamic range
up or down by 20 dB) and electrostatic actuator for
complete check of system functionality. Type approved
by PTB as part of a monitoring system for type 1 Sound
Level Measurements.
Type 41AM is fitted with a special 1/2” microphone
(Type 41AS) for measurements at 0º incidence and is
optimised for use with its windscreen and rain protec-
tion.
33
OUTDOOR MICROPHONES
Type 41CN
Outdoor Microphone, 90º incidence
For permanent outdoor installation, for example in
community noise- or traffic noise monitoring systems.
Has built-in A-weighting, ±20 dB amplifier (for shifting
the dynamic range up or down by 20 dB) and electro-
static actuator for complete check of system function-
ality. Type approved by PTB as part of a monitoring
system for type 1 Sound Level Measurements.
Type 41CN is fitted with a special 1/2” microphone
(Type 40AS) for measurements at 90º incidence and is
optimised for use with its windscreen and rain protec-
tion.
Accessories included:
Complete birdspike . . . . . . . . . . . .AM0052
Transport protection cap . . . . . . . .AM0037
Spanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AM0038
Pole adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AM0029
Tripod adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AM0033
LEMO plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AE0001
Accessories available:
Pistonphone adapters:
41AM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .RA0009
41CN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .RA0041
Set of 5 foam windscreens . . . . . .AM0009
Extension cables:
3 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AA0003
10 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AA0002
20 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AA0001
30 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AA0017
50 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AA0004
100 m on cable drum . . . . . . . . . .AA0015
200 m on cable drum . . . . . . . . . .AA0016
Specifications Types 41AM and 41CN
Sensitivity 50 mV/Pa (unified)
Dynamic range 20 - 136 dB re. 20µPa
38 – 156 dB re. 20µPa in -20 dB gainsetting
Frequency response IEC 60651 type 0
ANSI S1.4-1983 type 0
IEC 61672 Class 1
Power supply 12 – 18 VDC
Cal. level of electro-static actuator 90 dB at 1000 Hz
Output connector 6-pin LEMO
Pole adapter 50 mm (1.97”) G 1 1/2” (ISO 228/1)
Reference direction 41AM 0° (vertical for airport noise)
Reference direction 41CN 90° (horizontal for community noise)
MICROPHONES FOR OUTDOOR USE
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROPHONES

Type 41AL Microphones used in Environmental Microphones

Environmental Microphone

The G.R.A.S. series of Environmental Microphones are
a low cost alternative to the Outdoor Microphones
Type 41AM and 41CN. While the outdoor micro-
phones, with a stainless steel casing and elaborate
sealing system etc., are intended for permanent unat-
tended outdoor installation, the Environmental
Microphones are intended for short-term outdoor
measurements covering periods from a few days to
several weeks with an optional Desiccator Unit
AL0001. These units can withstand continuous rain
and operate over a wide temperature range.
When the windscreen is removed, the Type 41AL can
be calibrated with a Pistonphone using a special
Pistonphone Adapter RA0010. Afterwards, the
integrity of the whole measurement system can be
checked using an optional built-in SysCheck capability.
The Type 41AL fulfils the requirements for type 0
Sound Level Meters, according to IEC standard
60651. It is available in the following versions with
both 0º and 90º incidence.
Three versions of the Environmental Microphone are
delivered fitted with special 1/2” microphones opti-
mised for use with a windscreen and rain protection.
These microphones are Types 41AS and 40AJ, for 0º
incidence, and Type 40AS for 90º incidence. A fourth
version is fitted with a standard microphone.
Type 40AS (90º) is fitted to:
• Environmental Microphone Type 41AL-S.
Type 41AS (0º) is fitted to:
• Environmental Microphone Type 41AL-1.
Type 40AJ (90º), which is prepolarized, is fitted to:
• Environmental Microphone Type 41AL-2.
Type 40AE (0º), which is prepolarized, is fitted to:
• Environmental Microphone Type 41AL-6).

Type 41AL-S (community noise)

• with externally-polarized microphone and 90º inci-
dence.

Type 41AL-1 (airport noise)

• with externally-polarized microphone and 0º inci-
dence.

Type 41AL-2 (community noise)

• with prepolarized microphone and 90º incidence

Type 41AL-6 (airport noise)

• with prepolarized microphone and 0º incidence.

Accessories included:
Complete windscreen . . . . . . . . . .AM0145
Cable 3 m, LEMO 7-pin . . . . . . . .AA0008
Transport protection cap . . . . . . .AM0037
Light-weight microphone tripod . .AL0004
Specifications Type 41AL
Accessories available: Sensitivity 50 mV/Pa (nominal)
Dynamic range 20 – 146 dB re. 20µPa
Pistonphone Adapter . . . . . . . . . . .RA0010 Frequency response IEC 60651 type 0
Set of 5 foam windscreens . . . . . .AM0009 ANSI S1.4-1983 type 0
Desiccator Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AL0001 IEC 61672 Class 1
Power supply, Single 28 V, 0.7 mA to 120 V, 2.5 mA
Power supply, Dual ±14 V, 0.7 mA to ±60 V, 2.5 mA
Polarization voltage, 41AL-S and 41AL-1 200 V
Polarization voltage, 41AL-2 and 41AL-6 0V
Output connector 7-pin LEMO 1B, 3 m cable included
Pole adapter 50 mm (1.97”) G 1 1/2” (ISO 228/1)
used with AL0001
Mic. type and Reference direction See above

MICROPHONES FOR OUTDOOR USE 34

 ENVIRONMENTAL MICROPHONES

Type 41AO
Environmental Microphone

In many respects similar to 41AL but easier and quick-

er to calibrate because of immediate access to the
microphone capsule with grid, and the rain protection
is acoustic transparent, so ordinary free field and pres-
sure microphones can be used.

Also available as a retrofit weather-protection kit

(RA0153) for sound level meters with a detachable
input stage as well as for other microphone-and-pre-
amplifier combinations. The kit provides weather
protection for the microphone-and-preamplifier com-
bination and is delivered with a windscreen, anti-bird
spikes, a 3 metre extension cable and a carrying case.
Can be used with both standard 7-pin LEMO pream-
plifiers and CC (Constant Current) preamplifiers.

Specifications Type 41AO

Sensitivity 50 mV/Pa (nominal)
Dynamic range 20 – 146 dB re. 20µPa
Frequency response IEC 60651 type 0
ANSI S1.4-1983 type 0
IEC 61672 Class 1
Power supply, Single 28 V, 0.7 mA to 120 V, 2.5 mA
Power supply, Dual ±14 V, 0.7 mA to ±60 V, 2.5 mA
Polarization voltage, 41AO-S and 41AO-1 200 V
Polarization voltage, 41AO-2 and 41AO-3 0 V
Output connector 7-pin LEMO 1B, 3 m cable included
Pole adapter 50 mm (1.97”) G 1 1/2” (ISO 228/1)
used with dessicator unit

35 MICROPHONES FOR OUTDOOR USE

LOW-NOISE MEASURING SYSTEMS
Normal measurement microphones as shown on page
6 have a very wide dynamic range and cover most
practical applications. There are however special situa-
tions where special microphones are required. One
such application is in the measurements of very low
sound pressure levels. Normal measurement micro-
phones have a noise floor around 10 dBA re. 20 µPa in
1/3 octave bands, while the human ear is able to
detect levels down to around 0 dB. In fact the 0 dB
level was originally defined as the threshold of the
human hearing ability at 1kHz.
In some applications it is required to measure down to
and below the threshold of the human ear. This is pos-
sible by using special high sensitive microphones com-
bined with special low noise preamplifiers.
LOW-NOISE MEASURING SYSTEMS
One of the applications of such microphones may be
the measurement of the sound power of high-end per-
sonal computers. These are not only used in noisy
office environments, but tend to move into living
rooms, meeting rooms and hotel rooms. In some hotel
rooms the traditional TV set has been replaced by a
computer, delivering not only all TV channels, but also
pay channels, account status, wake up calls and other
services. This requires the computer to be turned on all
the time, and to avoid disturbances during sleep the
noise level has to be below the threshold of hearing. In
turn, this requires that component manufacturers of
hard drives, fans, etc. also deliver very low noise
devices.
36
In order to achieve the very low noise floor of the
microphone and preamplifier, these have been special-
ly matched and adjusted together. This further enables
the microphone/preamplifier combination to be
switched to be used for free-field measurements or for
pressure-field measurements.
The very high sensitivity of low noise microphones
means that the sound pressure level used for calibra-
tion should be limited to 94 dB to avoid overloading. A
special coupler, RA0090, for the 42AA or 42AP piston-
phone is available to reduce the level from 114 dB to
94 dB.

The special preamplifier and matching circuit require a

higher supply current than can be obtained from tradi-
tional microphone preamplifier supplies, the 40HH and
40HF must be used together with the 12HF low noise
system power supply. To avoid damaging traditional
microphone preamplifier supplies, the 7-pin LEMO on
the low noise preamplifier is different from the 7-pin
LEMO normally used for microphone preamplifers.

37 LOW-NOISE MEASURING SYSTEMS

LOW-NOISE MEASURING SYSTEMS

Type 40HF Type 40HH

1” Low-noise Microphone System 1/2” Low-noise Microphone System

A wide dynamic range enables measurements from Wide dynamic range enables measurements from
below -2 dBA to 110 dB re. 20µPa (in 1/3-octave below 6.5dBA to 113 dB re. 20µPa (in 1/3-octave
bands) from 10Hz to 10kHz. bands) from 10Hz to 20kHz.

Comprises the following two specially-designed and Comprises the following two specially-designed and
matched components: matched components:

• High-sensitive 1” microphone (Type 40EH). • High-sensitive 1/2” microphone (Type 40AH).

• Low-noise 1” microphone preamplifier (Type 26HF). • Low-noise 1/2” microphone preamplifier (Type 26HH).

Can be switched to operate either for pressure-field Can be switched to operate either for pressure-field
measurements or free-field measurements. measurements or free-field measurements.

The following high-quality extension cables are avail- The following high-quality extension cables are avail-
able for the preamplifier: able for the preamplifier:

• AA0046 (3 m) • AA0046 (3 m)

• AA0047 (10 m) • AA0047 (10 m)

• AA0048 (30 m) • AA0048 (30 m)

To complete the measuring system, a dedicated To complete the measuring system, a dedicated
power module is required (Type 12HF or Type power module is required (Type 12HF or Type
12HM). The specifications given below are for such a 12HM). The specifications given below are for such a
complete system. complete system.

LOW-NOISE MEASURING SYSTEMS 38

 LOW-NOISE MEASURING SYSTEMS

Type 40HT
1/2” Low-noise Microphone System

For use in confined spaces such as in the KEMAR test

head. Otherwise, specifications similar to Type 40HH.
Comprises the following specially-designed and
matched components:

• High-sensitive 1/2” microphone (Type 40AH).

• Gain and filter unit (Type 26HT).

• Low-noise 1/4” microphone preamplifier (Type

26AG) with an adapter (GR0010) for the 1/4”
microphone.

Can be switched to operate either for pressure-field

measurements or free-field measurements.

The following high-quality extension cables are avail-

able for the preamplifier:

• AA0046 (3 m)

• AA0047 (10 m)

• AA0048 (30 m)

To complete the measuring system, a dedicated

power module is required (Type 12HF or Type
12HM). The specifications given below are for such a
complete system.

Specifications 40HF 40HH 40HT Units

Nominal sensitivity System: 1.1 System: 0.8 System: 0.8 V/Pa
Microphone: 110 Microphone: 80 Microphone: 80 mV/Pa
Frequency response 12.5 – 4 k 12.5 – 10 k 12.5 – 10 k Hz ± 1 dB
10 – 10 k 10 – 16 k 10 – 16 k Hz ± 2 dB
6 – 12.5 k 6 – 20 k 6 – 20 k Hz + 2 dB, –3 dB
Dynamic range –2 to 110 6.5 to 113 6.5 to 113 dB re. 20µPa

39 LOW-NOISE MEASURING SYSTEMS

INTENSITY MICROPHONES
AND CALIBRATORS
The technique of intensity measurements is a powerful
tool used for locating sound sources, order ranking
them and determining the sound power emitted. The
method is based on the simultaneous determination of
sound pressure and particle velocity using two closely
spaced, face-to-face microphones. A sound-intensity
probe must maintain a well-defined acoustical spacing
between the microphones with a minimal of distur-
bance to the sound field.
Generally speaking, the technique of intensity meas-
urements involves determining the direction of a sound
wave by detecting differences in arrival time at two
closely-spaced microphone positions.
If the sound wave arrives first at microphone A then, a
little later, at microphone B, the sound wave must be
travelling in the direction from A to B. On the other
hand, if it arrives first at microphone B, then it must be
travelling in the opposite direction. In the case where it
arrives at the two microphones at the same time, then
it must be travelling in a direction perpendicular to the
pair of microphones.
The ability of a pair of microphones to determine accu-
rately small differences in arrival times depends on how
small the difference is between the phase responses of
the two microphones. Therefore, phase-matching is an
all-important factor for a pair of intensity microphones.
INTENSITY MICROPHONES AND CALIBRATORS
The Types 40AI and 40BI intensity microphone pairs
have been carefully manufactured and selected to have
minimum phase difference.
To ensure maximum measurement accuracy, the spac-
ing between the microphones should be optimised for
the particular measurement conditions. At low fre-
quencies and in highly reverberant conditions, spacing
should be large, whereas at high frequencies, it should
be small.
The G.R.A.S. Intensity Probe Type 50AI comes with a
selection of solid spacers for microphone separations
ranging from 12 mm to 100 mm. The design of the
probe enables spacers to be swapped without disman-
tling the probe.
The useful frequency range of a sound intensity probe
depends on the phase response of the microphones
and the distance between the microphones. The
G.R.A.S. sound intensity probes have been designed to
switch easily between different microphone spacers to
cover different frequency ranges. The useful frequency
ranges for different microphone spacers are shown on
the right.
40
Frequency ranges for different microphone spacers

41 INTENSITY MICROPHONES AND CALIBRATORS

INTENSITY PROBES

Type 40AK
1/2” Intensity-microphone Set
Complete set of a pair of
phase-matched 1/2”
intensity microphones,
solid spacers and adapters
for a 1/4” Preamplifier
Type 26AA Set.
ments. As a pair, they fulfil the phase requirements for
Class 1 intensity microphones in accordance with IEC
International Standard 61043.
The solid spacers are for intensity probe configura-
tions using microphone separations of 6 mm, 12 mm
and 25 mm. The 6 mm spacer alone will cover a fre-
quency range from 500Hz to 20kHz, and improve
microphone protection even under the most adverse
of measurement conditions.

There are two right-angled adapters and one straight

The microphones have a free field response optimised adapter for use with the 1/4” Preamplifier Type 26AA
for use in face-to-face configuration intensity probes Set.
and a high sensitivity to enable low level measure-
ments. As a pair, they fulfil the phase requirements for Specifications 40AI/40AK 40BI Units
Sensitivity 25 3 mV/Pa
Class 1 intensity microphones in accordance with IEC Dynamic range 21 – 152 40 – 168 dB re. 20µPa
International Standard 61043. Frequency response IEC 60651 Type 0 IEC 60651 Type 0
Phase response IEC 61043 Class 1 IEC 61043 Class 2
The solid spacers are for intensity probe configura- Polarization voltage 200 200 V
tions using microphone separations of 12 mm, 25 Diameter 13.2 6.9 mm
mm, 50 mm and 100 mm to cover a full frequency
range from 50Hz to 10kHz, and improve microphone
protection even under the most adverse of measure- Type 51AB
ment conditions. Intensity Calibrator

There are two right-angled adapters and one straight
adapter for use with the 1/4” Preamplifier Type 26AA
Set.
Type 40AI
1/2” Intensity-microphone Pair
A pair of 1/2” phase-matched intensity microphones
as used in the Type 40AK, but without spacers and
adapters for 1/4” preamplifiers.
For calibrating the phase response of a pair of micro-
phones used for measuring sound intensity, e.g. Type
40AI and Type 40BI . It includes a calibrated acoustic
resistance to enable the computation of particle veloc-
ity and intensity levels.
Complies with IEC International Standard 61043.

Type 40BI
1/4” Intensity-microphone Set

Complete set of a pair of

phase-matched 1/4”
intensity microphones,
solid spacers and adapters
for a 1/4” Preamplifier
Type 26AA Set.
Specifications Type 51AB
Input connector BNC socket
Maximum input signal 1 V RMS
Used for measuring very high intensity levels which Frequency range 50 Hz - 6.3 kHz
Frequency-intensity index >27 dB (nomin. mic. spacing 25 mm)
exceed the dynamic range of 1/2” intensity micro-
SPL difference between channels < 0.1 dB
phones (i.e. Type 40AI) or in situations where space is Operating temperature range + 5 °C to + 40 °C
limited. Dimensions Height: 42.2 mm
Width: 50.3 mm
The microphones have a free field response optimised Depth: 60.0 mm
Weight 515 g
for use in face-to-face configuration intensity probes
Accessories included 2 x 1/4” microphone adapters
and a high sensitivity to enable low level measure-

INTENSITY PROBES 42
 INTENSITY PROBES

Type 50AI Type 50AI

Intensity Probe Version C

This comprises:

• 1/2” Intensity-microphone Set Type 40AK.

• 1/4” Preamplifier Type 26AA Set and a remote-con-

trol handle.

The remote-control functions make it possible to con-
trol the process of data acquisition entirely from the
handle of the probe.
Various versions of the Type 50AI are available with
different remote-control handles for direct use with a
wide range of general-purpose frequency analysers as
well as specialised sound intensity analysers. These are
described in the following.
Can be connected directly to any analyser with two
standard 7-pin LEMO microphone-preamplifier inputs.
Can be used with the following G.R.A.S. Power
Modules, which provide all necessary voltages for
powering the preamplifiers:
• Intensity Module Type 12AB.
• Power Module Type 12AA (via the included adapter
cable AC0003, which splits the output from a 12-
pin LEMO socket into two 7-pin LEMO plugs).

• The Power Module Type 12AA has two standard

BNC output sockets for connecting to analysers that
don’t have special microphone-preamplifier inputs.
Specifications Type 50AI
Microphone pair Type 40AI
Preamplifiers 2 x Type 26AA (with 4-pin LEMO FGG OB)
Frequency response IEC 61043 Class 1
& phase matching

Type 50AI
Version D

Similar to version B but uses an internal 9V battery

(already fitted on delivery) for enabling its remote-
control functions.

Type 50AI
Version HP

Has remote-control functions for direct connection to,

Type 50AI
Version B
Has remote-control functions for direct connection to,
and control of, sound-intensity measuring systems
from a wide range of suppliers such as 01dB, Müller-
BBM and Neutrix-Cortex.
Can be used directly with the G.R.A.S. Intensity
Module Type 12AB, which provides all necessary volt-
ages for the remote-control functions and powering
the preamplifiers; also enables direct use with 01dB
Sound Intensity systems.
and control of, Hewlett-Packard analysers such as the
types HP 3569A and HP 35670A Opt UK4.
Both of these analysers will support the LEDs marked
OVERLOAD and MEASURING as well as the control
button marked START/GATE.
Type 50AI
Version LD
Has remote-control functions for direct use and control
of Larson Davis analysers such as the types LD2900
and LD3000.

43 INTENSITY PROBES
SPECIAL INTENSITY PROBES

Sound intensity is a vector quantity that describes the
direction and magnitude of the flow of sound energy.
A standard intensity probe measures the magnitude of
the intensity vector in only one dimension, i.e. in the
direction along the axis of the probe. To describe a
sound-intensity vector fully, the intensity needs to be
measured in at least three mutually perpendicular
directions. This will give a complete description of the
vector in an orthogonal system of co-ordinates and the
resultant magnitude and direction of the sound inten-
sity vector can then be calculated.
The acoustical separation between the two micro-
phones in a probe normally limits the operating fre-
quency range of a sound intensity probe. The frequen-
cy range is related to the wavelength of the sound as
well as the magnitude of its intensity relative to its
sound pressure. Since the wide-band intensity probe
has two pairs of intensity microphones, it can simulta-
neously measure with two different acoustical separa-
tions between microphones and thereby extend the
useful frequency range.

Type 50VI
Vector-intensity Probe

Flexible and adjustable sound-intensity probe. It

includes spacers for 25 mm and 50 mm to cover a
frequency range from 80Hz to 6.3kHz. The probe
handle has inputs for 6 preamplifiers and a pair of
LEDs for indicating two states as well as a push but-
ton for interactive use with a remote-control system.
For example, the output socket for remote control can
be connected to the RS-232 interface of a computer
which controls the process of data acquisition.

• Type 50VI-1 is the three-dimensional version.

• Type 50VI-2 is the two-dimensional version.

Each version includes the necessary pairs of phase-

matched intensity microphones Type 40AI, Type
26AA Preamplifier Sets, 25 mm and 50 mm spacers,
6-channel probe handle and a 10 m cable with LEMO
connectors.

Specifications Type 50VI

Microphone pairs 3 (or 2) x Type 40AI
Preamplifiers 6 (or 4) x Type 26AA (with 4-pole LEMO FGG OB)
Spacers 3-D (and 2-D) 25 mm and 50 mm
Frequency response IEC 61043 Class 1
& phase matching

INTENSITY PROBES 44
 SPECIAL INTENSITY PROBES

Type 50VI-3 Type 50VX

Wide-band Intensity Probe X-Y-Z Intensity Probe

Flexible and adjustable four-channel sound-intensity
probe. It enables sound intensity measurements using
two different microphone spacers simultaneously to
cover an extended frequency range. The spacers used
with the Type 50VI-3 have lengths of 10 mm and 60
mm to cover a frequency range from 80Hz to 10kHz
measured at the same point.
The remote control output can, for example, be con-
nected to an RS-232 iterface for computer control of
the process of data acquisition.
The Wide-band Intensity Probe comprises two pairs
of phase matched intensity microphones Type 40AI,
two pairs of preamplifiers Type 26AA, 12 mm and 60
mm spacers, a 6-channel probe handle and a 10 m
cable with LEMO connectors.
Two-channel intensity probe for serially measuring a
three-dimensional sound intensity vector in a station-
ary sound field. It includes a pair of phase-matched
intensity microphones Type 40AI mounted on a pair
of Preamplifiers Type 26AA with adapters and spac-
ers. The whole assembly is mounted on a swivel head
that can be swivelled in three mutually-perpendicular
directions by means of a pair of slider buttons on the
probe handle.
The probe handle has inputs for 2 preamplifiers and a
pair of LEDs for indicating two states as well as a pair
of push buttons for interactive use with a remote-
control system. For example, the output socket for
remote control can be connected to the RS-232 inter-
face of a computer which controls the process of data
acquisition.

Specifications Type 50VI-3 Specifications Type 50VX

Microphone pairs 2 x Type 40AI Microphone pairs Type 40AI
Preamplifiers 4 x Type 26AA (with 4-pole LEMO FGG OB) Preamplifiers 2 x Type 26AA (with 4-pole LEMO FGG OB)
Spacers 25 mm and 60 mm wide-band spacer Spacers 12 mm, 25 mm, 50 mm and 100 mm
Frequency response IEC 61043 Class 1 Frequency response IEC 61043 Class 1
& phase matching & phase matching

45 INTENSITY PROBES
PISTONPHONES
AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT
Calibration is an essential step in every precision noise
measurement. It establishes the relationship between
the sound pressure acting on a microphone and the
resulting electrical output of the microphone. There are
basically two properties of a measurement microphone
requiring calibration, these are: level calibration and a
frequency-response calibration.
Level calibration determines the absolute sensitivity of
the measurement microphone. Various methods can be
used, e.g. reciprocity, comparison, pistonphone or cali-
brator.
PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT
a) Reciprocity is normally considered the most accu-
rate of methods but is elaborate and expensive.
b) Comparison is where the sensitivity of the micro-
phone under test is compared with the known
sensitivity of a reference microphone. It is simple
and can be done with commonly-available equip-
ment and requires minor investment.
c) A pistonphone, with a precision barometer for
applying static pressure corrections, is a robust
and highly reliable method of level calibration at
250Hz.
• At 250Hz, the frequency response of most
microphones is flat and will give a more accu-
rate result.
d) A calibrator is a convenient way of calibrating a
microphone at 1000Hz but does not have the
same precision as a pistonphone. Neither does it
require static-pressure corrections.
• At 1000Hz, weighting filters have 0dB attenua-
tion and will therefore not affect the calibration.
In these cases it might be an advantage to use a
1000Hz calibration tone.
46
A frequency-response calibration describes the
response of the microphone over a range of frequen-
cies. Frequency-response measurements can be pre-
sented in various ways, i.e. pressure response, free-
field response and diffuse-field response.
Generally, pressure response is determined by using an
electrostatic actuator which simulates purely an oscil-
lating pressure exerted on the microphone’s
diaphragm. Free-field and diffuse-field responses can
then be arrived at by adding predetermined correction
values to the measured actuator (pressure) response of
the microphone.
Electrostatic actuators require no special acoustic labo-
ratory facilities since background noise is not too criti-
cal a factor.
An electrostatic actuator consists of an electrically con-
ductive rigid plate mounted close to, and parallel with,
the microphone’s diaphragm. When an oscillating volt-
age is applied between the microphone’s housing and
the electrostatic actuator, an oscillating force will be
exerted on the diaphragm. This oscillating force simu-
lates an oscillating sound pressure, thus making it pos-
sible to determine the response of the microphone to
47
pressure alone. This means that the frequency response
of microphones can be measured under normal circum-
stances, not requiring special sound insulated test
chambers, as long as the background noise levels are
reasonable low.
The pistonphone works on the principle of a pair of
similar opposing, reciprocating pistons actuated by a
precision-machined cam disc with a sinusoidal profile.
The profile of the cam disc is such that the pistons fol-
low a sinusoidal movement at a frequency equal to
four times the speed of rotation. This results in a corre-
sponding sinusoidal variation in the effective volume of
the closed coupler and, consequently, an acoustic sig-
nal within it.
The mechanical structure of the pistonphone makes
this generated acoustic pressure signal very reliable and
stable. By careful control of the atmospheric pressure
conditions and the calibration temperature, the calibra-
tion far exceeds the requirements for class LS calibra-
tors. Absolute calibration accuracy has been deter-
mined to be within ±0.05dB at reference conditions for
the pistonphone.
PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT
PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT

Type 42AA Type 42AC

Pistonphone High-pressure Pistonphone

Precision sound source for Precision sound source for

calibrating microphones, calibrating microphones,
sound level meters and other sound level meters and other
sound measuring equipment. sound measuring equipment
Battery operated and pro- at high levels. Battery oper-
duces a constant nominal ated and produces a constant
sound pressure level of nominal sound pressure level
114dB re. 20µPa (equivalent of 134 dB re. 20 µPa (equiv-
to 10 Pa) at 250Hz, or alent to 100 Pa) at 250Hz, or
105.4dBA re. 20µPa. Each 125.4 dBA re. 20 µPa. Each
Type 42AA is within 0.1dB of Type 42AC is within 0.1 dB
the nominal value and is of the nominal value and is
delivered with an individual delivered with an individual
calibration chart and a calibration chart and a
barometer for Class 1 static barometer for Class 1 static
pressure corrections. For pressure corrections. For
Class 0 static pressure correc- Class 0 static pressure correc-
tions, a precision barometer tions, a precision barometer
is required. is required.
Type 42AA can be used both The Type 42AC can be used
for field checks of complete both for field checks of com-
measurement systems as well plete measurement systems
as for laboratory calibrations of measurement micro- as well as for laboratory calibrations of measurement
phones. It complies with the requirements of IEC 942 microphones. It complies with the requirements of IEC
(1988) Class 1 and is PTB approved. 942 (1988) Class 1.
An adapter (GR0398) is included for use with
hydrophone couplers.
Included accessories:

RA0049 Included accessories:

Adapter for 1/4” microphones.
RA0049
RA0069 Adapter for 1/4” microphones.
Adapter for 1/8” microphones.
RA0069
Adapter for 1/8” microphones.
Available accessories:

RA0023 Available accessories:

Coupler for 1” microphones.
RA0023
RA0024 Coupler for 1” microphones.
Two-port calibration coupler.
RA0042
RA0025 Two-port high-pressure calibration coupler.
Octopus coupler for 1/4” microphones.
RA0025
RA0072 Octopus coupler for 1/4” microphones.
Octopus Coupler for 1/2” microphones.
RA0072
RA0090 Octopus Coupler for 1/2” microphones.
94 dB Adapter.

PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT 48

 PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT

Type 42AP
Intelligent Pistonphone

Battery-operated, precision • Type 42AP is an extremely stable laboratory stan-

sound source for calibrating dard sound source which can also be used for field
microphones, sound level calibrations - it retains its high accuracy even under
meters and other sound hostile environmental conditions. It complies with all
measuring equipment. Has the requirements of IEC Standard 60942 (2003) LS.
built-in precision barometer
and thermometer. Via its dis- • An individual calibration chart is delivered with each
play and RS-232 interface, Pistonphone.
the user can read the actual
corrected sound pressure
level, as well as the calibra-
tion temperature and ambi-
ent static pressure. Included accessories:
It produces a constant nomi-
nal sound pressure level of RA0023
114 dB re. 20 µPa (equiva- Coupler for 1” microphones.
lent to 10 Pa) at either
250Hz or 251.2Hz (true cen- RA0049
tre frequency of a 250Hz, Adapter for 1/4” microphones.
1/3-octave band filter).
The actual sound pressure RA0069
level, corrected for static Adapter for 1/8” microphones.
ambient pressure, is shown on its display which can
also show the A-weighted sound pressure level after AA0050
correcting it for using an A-weighting filter. RS-232 interface cable.

The display can be switched to show any of the following: Available accessories:

• Actual corrected sound pressure level in decibels. RA0024

Two-port calibration coupler.
• Actual corrected sound pressure level in decibels if
measured with an A-weighting filter. RA0025
Octopus coupler for 1/4” microphones.
• Static air pressure in hPa.
RA0072
• Calibration temperature in ºC. Octopus Coupler for 1/2” microphones.

• Calibration temperature in ºF. RA0090

94 dB Adapter.
• The Pistonphone frequency can be programmed, via
its RS-232 interface, to be either 250Hz or 251.2Hz.

Specifications 42AA 42AC 42AP

Sound pressure level 114 dB (re. 20µPa) ±0.08 dB 134 dB (re. 20µPa) ±0.08 dB 114 dB (re. 20µPa) ±0.05 dB
Frequency 250 Hz 250 Hz 250 Hz or 251.2 Hz
Accuracy IEC 942 (1988) IEC 942 (1988) IEC 60942
Class 1 Class 1 (ed.3/FDIS )LS
Temperature range –10 °C to +55 °C –10 °C to +55 °C –10 °C to +55 °C
Batteries 4 x AA alkaline (IEC LR 6) 4 x AA alkaline (IEC LR 6) 4 x AA alkaline (IEC LR 6)
External power – – 6V DC 125mA
Weight (with batteries) 325 g 325 g 437 g

49 PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT

PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT

Type 42AB Type 14AA

Sound Calibrator Electrostatic Actuator Amplifier

Pocket-sized, battery operated calibrator for micro-
phones, sound level meters and other sound measur-
ing equipment. Produces a constant nominal sound
pressure level of 114 dB re. 20 µPa (equivalent to 10
Pa) at 1kHz. Easy to use and requires no corrections
for ambient pressure changes or microphone equiva-
lent volume. Includes adapters for calibrating 1”,
1/2” and 1/4” microphones. The Type 42AB complies
with the requirements of IEC 942 (1988) Class 1.
High-voltage, high-gain amplifier and voltage supply
for driving electrostatic actuators. The high-voltage
output can also be used to drive standard micro-
phones as sound sources. The Type 14AA can drive
an electrostatic actuator with a 300 V peak-to-peak
signal superimposed on 800 V DC. Its wide frequency
range makes it possible to determine the pressure fre-
quency response of condenser microphones from
200Hz to 200kHz (note: care should be taken below
200Hz because of the influence of pressure equalisa-
tion in the rear volume of the microphone). The Type
14AA can be connected directly to an external signal
generator or the generator output of any standard
signal analyzer.

Specifications Type 14AA

Input signal (max) 3 V peak-to-peak
Specifications Type 42AB Gain + 40 dB
Sound pressure level 114 dB (re. 20 µPa) ± 0.2 dB Output signal (max) 300 V peak-to-peak
Frequency 1 kHz Actuator Polarisation Voltage 800 V
Temperature range – 10 °C to + 50 °C Frequency response 1 Hz – 200 kHz
Batteries 6LR61, 9 V Output impedance 1kΩ
Accuracy IEC 942 (1988) Class 1 Power supply 110 /130 V AC or 220/240 V AC
Weight 220 g Weight 1.4 kg

PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT 50

 PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT

RA0014 AL0010
1/2” Electrostatic Actuator Calibration Stand

An electrostatic actuator for testing the frequency

response of standard 1/2”, 1/4” and 1/8” micro-
phones. Adapters are included for testing 1/4” and
1/8” microphones. The RA0014 can be connected
directly to the Actuator Supply Type 14AA.

RA0015
1” Electrostatic Actuator

Provides a convenient platform for testing condenser

microphones. It has a fixture for holding a 1/2” pre-
amplifier (e.g. Type 26AK) securely in place as well as
recesses and a column for safely parking electro-static
actuators (i.e. RA0014 and RA0015) and microphone
protection grids when not in use. It can be set-up for
both 1/2” and 1” microphones.
The AL0010 is a useful addition to a set up (which
includes an Electrostatic Actuator Amplifier Type
14AA) for routinely calibrating condenser micro-
phones.
An electrostatic actuator for testing the frequency
response of standard 1” microphones. The RA0015
can be connected directly to the Actuator Supply
Type 14AA.

51 PISTONPHONES AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT

ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR & MOUTH
SIMULATORS, AND HATS

The human ear is acoustically a complicated structure
with volumes, channels and damping resulting in a
complex acoustical impedance. Also, at higher fre-
quencies, the diffraction around the outer ear will
change the acoustic field and result in a unique
response at the inner ear.
In order to be able to compare and quantify measure-
ments related to the human ear, a number of interna-
tional standards and recommendations have defined
some "ideal" or average ears. These can be simulated
by more or less complicated mechanical and acoustical
systems.
The IEC 60318 coupler is an example of a standardised
human ear, having the same acoustic input impedance
as an average human ear. Other examples are:
• IEC 60126 Reference coupler for the measurement of
hearing aids using earphones coupled to the ear by
means of ear inserts.
• IEC 60711 Occluded-ear simulator for the measure-
ment of earphones coupled to the ear by ear inserts.

ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR AND MOUTH

SIMULATORS, AND HATS 52
Mouth Simulators are sound sources for simulating the
sound field around the human mouth at close quarters
and are used for testing telephone mouthpieces as well
as other microphones similarly used in vocal-communi-
cation networks. They are built around a loudspeaker
and deliver sound signals at a "Mouth Reference
Point" in accordance with International Standards IEEE
269, 661 and ITU-T Rec. P51.
The Ear and Mouth simulators can be incorporated into
wide range of measuring setups for testing a wide
range of products such as telephones, hearing aids,
headphones, headsets etc.
53
The ear simulators can also be incorporated into a
Head and Torso Simulator (HATS) like KEMAR, which
lends more realism to in-situ anthropomorphic testing.
KEMAR is a model of a human head and torso, and has
been extensively used for the last 25 years for studying
the interaction between the human head and torso and
sound fields.
KEMAR was developed by KNOWLES Inc. in 1972 and
is thoroughly documented in numerous studies, some
of which have been collected in the book Manikin
Measurement - Mahlon D. Burkhard.
ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR AND MOUTH
SIMULATORS, AND HATS
ARTIFICIAL EARS AND EAR SIMULATORS

Type 43AA
Artificial Ear with IEC 60318 Coupler

A complete test jig for acoustical measurements on telephone hand-

sets and earphones in accordance with:
• IEC 60318 Electroacoustics – Simulators of human head and ear -
Part 1: Ear simulator for the calibration of supra-aural earphones,
1998-07.
• ITU-T Recommendation P.57 (08/96) Series P: Telephone transmis-
sion quality, Objective measuring apparatus: Artificial ears.

The Type 43AA comprises:

• IEC 60318 Ear Simulator RA0039
• 1/2” Pressure Microphone Type 40AG
• 1/4” Preamplifier Type 26AC
• Test Jig RA0052
• Mounting plates for circum-aural and supra-aural headphones
• The Test Jig has an adjustable spring-loaded arm to exert a vari-
able force on the test object.

Type 43AB
Artificial Ear with IEC 60126 2cc Coupler

A complete test jig for acoustical measurements on hearing aids in

accordance with IEC 60126 and ANSI S3.7-1973 on insert type
hearing aids in accordance with:
• IEC 60126 Ed. 2.OB IEC reference coupler for the measurement of hear-
ing aids using earphones coupled to the ear by means of ear inserts.
• ANSI S3.7-1973 American National Standard for Coupler
Calibration of Earphones.

The Type 43AB comprises:

• IEC 60126 2cc Coupler RA0038
• 1/2” Pressure Microphone Type 40AG
• 1/4” Preamplifier Type 26AC
• Test Jig RA0052
• The Test Jig has an adjustable spring-loaded arm to exert a variable
force on the test object.
• The Type 43AB also includes studs for mounting and in-ear testing.

Type 43AC
Artificial Ear with IEC 60711 Coupler

A complete test jig for acoustical measurements on earphones coupled

to the ear by inserts such as tubes and ear moulds in accordance with:
• IEC 60711 Ed. 1.OB Occluded-ear simulator for the measurement
of earphones coupled to the ear by ear inserts.
• ITU-T Recommendations P.57 (08/96) Series P: Telephone transmis-
sion quality, Objective measuring apparatus: Artificial ears.

The Type 43AC comprises:

• IEC 60711 Ear Simulator RA0045
• 1/2” Pressure Microphone Type 40AG
• 1/4” Preamplifier Type 26AC
• Test Jig RA0052
• The Test Jig has an adjustable spring-loaded arm to exert a variable
force on the test object.

ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR AND MOUTH

SIMULATORS, AND HATS 54
 ARTIFICIAL EARS AND EAR SIMULATORS

Type 43AD
Artificial Ear with IEC 60318 Coupler

A complete assembly for acoustical measurements on acoustical

transmitters and loudspeakers in accordance with:
• IEC 60318 Electroacoustics – Simulators of human head and ear -
Part 1: Ear simulator for the calibration of supra-aural earphones,
1998-07.
• ITU-T Recommendation P.57 (08/96) Series P: Telephone transmis-
sion quality, Objective measuring apparatus: Artificial ears.
It can be integrated with a telephone test head or permanently
installed on a production test line.

The Type 43AD comprises:

• IEC 60318 Ear Simulator RA0039
• 1/2” Pressure Microphone Type 40AG
• 1/2” Preamplifier Type 26AK
• Snap coupling GR0332 and GR0336
• Mounting plates for circum-aural and supra-aural headphones

Type 43AE
IEC 60711 Ear Simulator

An IEC 60711 Ear Simulator for acoustically testing supra-aural ear-

phones, telephone handsets and loudspeakers in accordance with:
• IEC 60711 Ed. 1.OB Occluded-ear simulator for the measurement
of earphones coupled to the ear by ear inserts.
(1/2” Pressure Microphone 40AG included)
• ITU-T Recommendations P.57 (08/96) Series P: Telephone trans-
mission quality, Objective measuring apparatus: Artificial ears.

The Type 43AE comprises:

• IEC 60711 Coupler RA0045 (1/2” Microphone 40AG built-in)
• 1/4” Preamplifier Type 26AC
• 1/4” - 1/2” Adapter RA0001
• Low-leak Pinna Simulator RA0056
• High-leak Pinna Simulator RA0057

Type 43AF
Artificial Ear with NBS Coupler

A complete test jig for acoustically testing telephone handsets and

earphones in accordance with ANSI S3.7 – 1995 – American
National Standard for Testing Earphones.

The Type 43AF comprises:

• NBS 9-A Coupler RA0075
• Thread Adapter RA0076
• 1” Pressure Microphone Type 40EN (in 64 AA configuration)
• 1/4” Preamplifier Type 26AC
• Type RA0052 Test Jig
• The Test Jig has an adjustable spring-loaded arm to exert a variable
force on the test object.

ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR AND MOUTH

55 SIMULATORS, AND HATS
EAR & CHEEK SIMULATORS

Type 43AG RA0038

Ear and Cheek Simulator IEC 60126 2cc Coupler

A device for measurements on earphones of various An IEC 60126 2cc coupler

types. It simulates the ear and cheek of a human which complies with the
head as well as approximating the acoustic impedance requirements of:
of an average human ear under certain circumstances
within a given frequency band. • IEC 60126 Ed. 2.OB IEC
reference coupler for the
The Ear and Cheek Simulator can be used for meas- measurement of hearing
urements on insert hearing aids, earphones, supra- aids using earphones
aural earphones as well as circum-aural earphones coupled to the ear by
and telephones. means of ear inserts.

It includes an IEC 60711 Ear Simulator RA0045, 1/2”
Microphone Type 40AG (IEC WG2P), 1/4”
Preamplifier Type 26AC and a Test Jig RA0052 with
an adjustable-force clamp. It is delivered with a
KEMAR Ear with a hardness of shore 00-55, which is
easily interchangeable with other optionally-available
KEMAR Ears.
• ANSI S3.7-1973 American National Standard for
Coupler Calibration of Earphones.
It uses a 1/2” microphone (e.g. Type 40AG) and a
suitable preamplifier (e.g. Type 26AC, which is a 1/4”
preamplifier but is supplied with an adapter for 1/2”
microphones).

There is no need to remove the microphone’s protec-

tion grid and expose the microphone to accidental
damage. A useful feature which affords better micro-
phone protection particularly when numerous tests
are to be made on a routine basis.

The RA0038 is also part of the G.R.A.S. Artificial Ear

Type 43AB.

RA0075
NBS 9A 6cc Coupler

A coupler for testing earphones according to ANSI

S3.7 – 1995. It uses a 1” pressure condenser micro-
phone with preamplifier, e.g. the G.R.A.S. 1”
Microphone Type 40EN and a G.R.A.S. 1/2”
Preamplifier Type 26AK
with a 1/2” to 1”
Microphone Adapter
RA0073.

The RA0075 is also part

of the G.R.A.S. Artificial
Ear Type 43AF.

Specifications RA0038 RA0075 RA0113

Standards IEC 60126 Ed. OB
ANSI S3.7-1973
Accessories available 1/2” Microphone Type 40AG
1/4” Preamplifier Type 26AC
ANSI S3.7-1975, Coupler calibration of earphones IEC 60126 Ed. OB
ANSI S3.7-1973
1” Microphone Type 40EN 1” Microphone Type 40EN
1/2” Preamplifier Type 26AK 1/2” Preamplifier Type 26AK
1/2” to 1” Microphone Adapter RA0073 1/2” to 1” Microphone Adapter RA0073

ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR AND MOUTH

SIMULATORS, AND HATS 56
 COUPLERS AND EAR SIMULATORS
RA0113
IEC 60126 2cc Coupler
A 2cc IEC 60126 coupler
which uses a 1” micro-
phone, e.g. the G.R.A.S.
Type 40EN. The micro-
phone, without its protec-
tion, screws into the base
of the RA0113. In all
other respects, this
Coupler is equivalent to
the RA0038.
It complies with the following international and
national requirements for acoustically testing insert
type hearing aids:
• IEC 60126 Ed. 2.OB IEC reference Coupler for the
measurement of hearing aids using earphones cou-
pled to the ear by means of ear inserts.
• ANSI S3.7-1973 American National Standard for
Coupler Calibration of Earphones
RA0039
IEC 60318 Ear Simulator
An IEC 60318 Ear
Simulator with an input
impedance closely resem-
bling that of an average
human ear. When cou-
pled to a sound source, its
impedance will load the
sound source similar to
the loading caused by the
human ear. It complies
with the requirements of:
• IEC 60318 Electroacoustics – Simulators of human
head and ear - Part 1: Ear simulator for the calibra-
tion of supra-aural earphones, 1998-07.
• ITU-T Recommendation P.57 (08/96) Series P:
Telephone transmission quality, Objective measuring
apparatus: Artificial ears.
The RA0039 is also part of the G.R.A.S. Artificial Ears
Type 43AA and Type 43AD.
Specifications RA0039
Standards IEC 60318
ITU-T Recommendations P.57 (08/96)
Frequency range 100 Hz – 4 kHz
Height 19.8 mm
Diameter 60 mm
Weight 137 g
57
RA0045
IEC 60711 Ear Coupler
An IEC 60711 coupler for
making acoustic measure-
ments on earphones cou-
pled to the human ear by
ear inserts such as tubes,
ear moulds or ear tips in
accordance with:
• IEC 60711 Ed. 1.OB Occluded-ear simulator for the
measurement of earphones coupled to the ear by
ear inserts.
• ITU-T Recommendations P.57 (08/96) Series P:
Telephone transmission quality, Objective measuring
apparatus: Artificial ears.
It is delivered with a built-in 1/2” microphone Type
40AG and an individual calibration chart for the cou-
pler-microphone combination. Can be used with
either of the Pinna Simulators RA0056 or RA0057 to
simulate a complete ear for testing telephones and
loudspeakers. The RA0045 is also part of the G.R.A.S.
Artificial Ear Type 43AC.
RA0045-S1
IEC 60711 Ear Coupler
Similar to RA0045 but is delivered with a built-in pre-
polarized microphone Type 40AO.
RA0137
Ear Simulator
Similar to Ear Simulator RA0039 but has a built-in
sound source in the form of a small loudspeaker.
Signals are applied to this loudspeaker via an SMB
connector. This feature is for detecting the occurrence
of any changes in sound leakage (with respect to an
expected amount) between the Ear Simulator and,
say, a badly-positioned handset.
Specifications RA0045/RA0045-S
Standards IEC 60711
ITU-T Recommendations P.57 (08/96)
Effective volume 1.26 ± 0.003 cc @ 500 Hz
Resonant frequency 13.5 kHz ±1.5 kHz
Microphone Type 40AG
Height 36.5 mm
Diameter 23.8 mm
Weight 71 g
ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR AND MOUTH
SIMULATORS, AND HATS
PINNA SIMULATORS
RA0056
Low-leak Pinna Simulator
A low-leak, pinna (outer ear) simulator for use with
the Ear Simulator RA0045 to simulate a complete ear
for testing telephones and loudspeakers. The RA0056
meets the specifications in the ITU-T
Recommendation P.57 (08/96) "Series P: Telephone
transmission quality, Objective measuring apparatus:
Artificial ears".
ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR AND MOUTH
SIMULATORS, AND HATS
RA0057
High-leak Pinna Simulator
A high-leak, pinna (outer ear) simulator for use with
the Ear Simulator RA0045 to simulate a complete ear
for testing telephones and loudspeakers. The RA0057
meets the specifications in the ITU-T
Recommendation P.57 (08/96) "Series P: Telephone
transmission quality, Objective measuring apparatus:
Artificial ears".
58
 MOUTH SIMULATORS

Type 44AA Type 44AB

Mouth Simulator (with built-in power amplifier) Mouth Simulator

A sound source which simulates the acoustic field A sound source which simulates the acoustic field
close to the human mouth and complies with the close to the human mouth and complies with the
Standards IEEE 269, 661 and ITU-T Rec. P51. Standards IEEE 269, 661 and ITU-T Rec. P51.

For testing telephone mouthpieces as well as other
microphones similarly used in communication net-
works. At the mouth reference point (MRP), which is
25 mm from the detachable lip ring (35 mm from its
mouth), the minimum-continuous signal it can pro-
duce in 1/3-octave bands is 100 dB re. 20µPa in the
frequency range 100Hz to 10kHz. Its loudspeaker
accepts an external signal either directly or via its own
built-in power amplifier (when power is applied).
For testing telephone mouthpieces as well as other
microphones similarly used in communication net-
works. At the mouth reference point (MRP), which is
25 mm from the detachable lip ring (35 mm from the
mouth of the Type 44AB), the minimum-continuous
signal it can produce in 1/3-octave bands is 100 dB
re. 20µPa in the frequency range 100Hz to 10kHz. Its
loudspeaker accepts an external signal directly via a
BNC input.

Jigs are included for calibration according to CCITT
P.51 and Fpr IEEE 269. These are for use with 1/4” or
1/2” microphones. One jig holds the microphone at
0º incidence (1/4” only) to the sound source, the
other at 90º incidence (1/4” or 1/2”).
Jigs are included for calibration according to CCITT
P.51 and Fpr IEEE 269. These are for use with 1/4” or
1/2” microphones. One jig holds the microphone at
0º incidence (1/4” only) to the sound source, the
other at 90º incidence (1/4” or 1/2”).

Specifications 44AA 44AB

Min. continuous output 110 dB re. 20µPa 110 dB re. 20µPa
level at MRP (200 Hz – 6 kHz) (200 Hz – 6 kHz)

100 dB re. 20µPa 100 dB re. 20µPa

(100 Hz – 10 kHz) (100 Hz – 10 kHz)
Loudspeaker 8Ω / 20 W 8Ω / 20 W
(max. continuous) (max. continuous)
Amplifier Gain: 10dB –
Input impedance: 20kΩ –
Mouth opening 20 mm diameter 20 mm diameter
Lip ring
External diameter 48 mm 48 mm
Distance from mouth 10 mm 10 mm
Dimensions
Diameter 104 mm 104 mm
Height (with lip ring): 104 mm 104 mm
Weight 1.3 kg 0.93 kg

ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR AND MOUTH

59 SIMULATORS, AND HATS
TELEPHONE TEST HEAD

Type 45AA
Telephone Test Head

Laboratory stand for testing the acoustic performance

of telephone handsets in accordance with internation-
al standards and recommendations.

Combines precision with a robust construction to

ensure stability and reproducible test results with a
minimum of acoustic interference.

When used with an Artificial Ear Type 43AD or an Ear

Simulator Type 43AE, and a Mouth Simulator Type
44AA/44AB, the Telephone Test Head can be set up
for testing telephone handsets and mobile/cell tele-
phones in accordance with ITU-T recommendations.

Four different, detachable precision brackets are pro-

vided for mounting the Mouth Simulator according to
the standardised positions shown below for speaking
into a telephone.

Speaking Position Recommendation

LRGP ITU-T Rec. P76
AEN ITU-T Rec. P76
HATS ITU-T P58
REF OREM A

The Telephone Test Head stands on four anti-vibra-

tion mounts to isolate it from extraneous vibrations
which could otherwise lead to spurious measurement
results.

Graduated guides and stops are provided for aligning

a telephone handset correctly in position over the
Artificial Ear. Lateral guides are independently
adjustable to cater for asymmetrical handsets.

Once aligned, an adjustable spring-loaded, padded

clamp will hold the handset in position. As specified in
some tests, an adjustable force may also be applied
by adding a small mass to the measurement object.

Specifications Type 45AA

Handset alignment Four lateral guides independently adjustable over 35 mm to cater for asymmetrical handsets. Longitudinal stop
adjustable over 35 mm. All adjustments relative to centre of coupler aperture.
Dimensions Height: 375 mm (14.8”)
Width: 180 mm (7.1”)
Depth: 200 mm (7.9”)
Weight 2.3 kg (5.5 lb)
Accessories included Two types of adjustable detachable clamps: Spring loaded GU0138 (for laboratory testing, adjustable from 0 to 8N)
and GU0133 (For production testing, heavy duty).
Four detachable brackets for speaking positions: LRGP, AEN, HATS, and REF.
Accessories available Mouth Simulators, IEC 60318 Artifical Ear, IEC 60711 Ear Simulator, Pinna Simulators, Pistonphone,
Sound Calibrator, Power Module and Reference Gauge RA0141.

ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR AND MOUTH

SIMULATORS, AND HATS 60
 HATS & HEARING-PROTECTOR TEST FIXTURE

Type 45BA Type 45CA

KEMAR Manikin Hearing-protector Test Fixture

The KEMAR Manikin is an acoustic research tool
which permits reproducible measurements of hearing
instrument performance on the head, and of stereo-
phonic sound recordings as heard by human listeners.
This head and torso simulator (HATS) is based on
worldwide average human male and female head and
torso dimensions and meets the requirements of ANSI
S3.36/ASA58-1985.
For testing the performance of hearing-protection
devices such as ear plugs and ear muffs (supra-aural
as well as circum-aural). Conforms with ISO 4869-3.
Can be fitted with a range of moulded-rubber
KEMAR Ears for testing ear plugs. Accepts one or two
microphones, IEC 60318 (RA0039) and IEC
60711(RA0045) Ear Simulators.

The KEMAR manikin is the recognised industry-

standard for in-situ anthropomorphic testing in the
fields of:

• Telecommunications
• Hearing conservation
• Noise abatement

As well as for sound recording and sound-quality

evaluation.

The manikin simulates the changes that occur to

sound waves as they pass a human head and torso
such as the diffraction and reflection around each ear.

Available accessories

See page 82.

ARTIFICIAL EARS, EAR AND MOUTH

61 SIMULATORS, AND HATS
POWER MODULES
Measurement microphones and preamplifiers require
special voltages for supply and polarization. There are
two different supply principles. One is for the tradition-
al voltage-driven preamplifiers, and one is for CC
(Constant Current) preamplifiers. Acoustic measure-
ments also often require special signal conditioning
such as A-weighting or high-pass filtering.
Amplification or attenuation of the signal may also be
necessary.
Standard externally-polarized condenser microphones
require a stable polarization voltage of 200 V DC for
proper operation. This polarization voltage may be
turned off in the power modules for use with pre-
polarized microphones too.
POWER MODULES
A-weighting is the most commonly used form of fre-
quency weighting in acoustic measurements. It
approximates the sensitivity of the human ear, which
results in a more subjective measurement of noise.
Low frequency acoustic signals generated, for exam-
ple, by wind flow may overload the input section of the
analyzer and subsequent measurement chain. This can
be avoided by removing frequencies below 20Hz with
the high pass filter of a power module.
The wide range of G.R.A.S. power modules can fulfil
these requirements. Some are simple supplies that give
only the special voltages required whereas others also
include signal conditioning.
62
CC stands for “Constant Current” and describes
G.R.A.S. power supplies that maintain a constant level
of current for driving CC transducers such as G.R.A.S.
Preamplifiers Types 26CB, 26CC (1/4”) and Types
26CA, 26CF (1/2”), as well as the G.R.A.S. Array
Microphones Types 40PQ, 40PR, 40PF and 40PT Since
current is constant, the only thing that can vary with a
CC transducer under excitation is the supply voltage
which is analogous to its output signal.
Furthermore, since power is supplied via the same line
as that used by the signal, only a co-axial cable is need-
ed for connecting the transducer to the power supply
and subsequent analyzer.
63
There are also dedicated power modules for use only
with G.R.A.S. low-noise measurements systems. They
provide polarization and supply voltages for powering
the special low-noise microphones and preamplifiers of
these low-noise systems as well as the network for
selecting a response setting of either pressure or free
field.
Large systems for multi-channel acoustic measure-
ments involving eight channels or more are most eco-
nomically realised by using multi-channel power sup-
plies. Two G.R.A.S. 8-channel power supplies will fit
into a G.R.A.S. 19” rack kit enabling 16 channels to be
mounted in a 5 1/4” high by 19” wide rack space.
Most G.R.A.S. power modules will fit into the rack kit.
POWER MODULES
POWER MODULES

Type 12AR Type 12AN

Power Module Power Module

Two-channel, battery-operated, microphone power Four-channel, battery-operated, microphone power

supply. It has a two 7-pin LEMO 1B input connectors
for microphone preamplifiers and two BNC output
sockets. It can provide a polarization of 200V for
externally-polarized microphones or 0V for prepolar-
ized microphones.
supply. It has four 7-pin LEMO 1B input connectors
for microphone preamplifiers and four BNC output
sockets. It can provide a polarization of 200V for
externally-polarized microphones or 0V for prepolar-
ized microphones.

A battery indicator is included to monitor battery con- A battery indicator is included to monitor battery con-
dition as well as an input socket for an external power dition as well as an input socket for an external power
supply. supply.

Specifications Type 12AR Specifications Type 12AN

Input channels 2 x 7-pin LEMO 1B connectors Input channels 4 x 7-pin LEMO 1B connectors
Output channels 2 x BNC sockets Output channels 4 x BNC sockets
Preamplifier supply ±15 V Preamplifier supply ±15 V
Output impedance Depends on preamplifier Output impedance Depends on preamplifier
Polarization voltage 0 V or 200 V Polarization voltage 0 V or 200 V
Frequency response 0.5 Hz – 200 kHz Frequency response 0.5 Hz – 200 kHz
Power supply 4 x AA alkaline batteries Power supply 4 x AA alkaline batteries
or 4.5 – 6 V DC or 6 – 20 V DC

POWER MODULES 64
 POWER MODULES

Type 12AK Type 12AA

Power Module Power Module

Single-channel, battery-operated, microphone power Two-channel, battery-operated, microphone power

supply, amplifier and filter unit. It has a 7-pin LEMO
1B input connector for a microphone preamplifier and
a BNC output socket. It has both instantaneous and
latched overload indicators and a gain that can be set
to 0dB, +10dB, +20dB, +30dB, +40dB or +50dB.
supply, amplifier and filter unit. It has two 7-pin
LEMO 1B input connectors for microphone preampli-
fiers as well as two BNC output sockets. Both chan-
nels have an overload indicator and a gain that can
be set to –20dB, 0dB, +20dB or +40dB.

The A-weighting network fulfils the requirements of The A-weighting network fulfils the requirements of
IEC 60651 for Type 0 and IEC 61672 Class 1 Sound IEC 60651 for Type 0 and IEC 61672 Class 1 Sound
Level Meters. The high-pass filter is a 3-pole butter- Level Meters. The high-pass filters are 3-pole butter-
worth filter with a cut-off frequency at 20Hz. worth filters with a cut-off frequency at 20Hz.

A battery indicator is included to monitor battery con-
dition as well as an input socket for an external power
supply. It also has a built-in 1kHz precision calibration
generator with adjustable level for activating the
SysCheck function in the preamplifier such as G.R.A.S.
Type 26AJ and 26AL. The generator can be activated
either via a front-panel button or remotely via an
input on the back of the module.
A battery indicator is included to monitor battery con-
dition as well as an input socket for an external power
supply. It also has a built-in 1kHz precision calibration
generator with adjustable levels for both channels for
activating the SysCheck function in the preamplifier
such as G.R.A.S. Type 26AJ and 26AL.. The generator
can be activated either via a front-panel button or
remotely via an input on the back of the module.

12 of these Power Modules can be mounted in a 12 of these Power Modules can be mounted in a
G.R.A.S. AK0040 standard 19” rack. G.R.A.S. AK0040 standard 19” rack.

Specifications Type 12AK Specifications Type 12AA

Input channel 7-pin LEMO 1B connector Input channels 2 x 7-pin LEMO 1B connectors
Output channel BNC socket Output channels 2 x BNC sockets
Gain settings 0 dB, +10 dB, +20 dB, +30 dB, +40 dB, +50 dB Gain settings –20 dB, 0 dB, +20 dB, +40 dB
Preamplifier supply 28 V or 120 V Preamplifier supply 28 V or 120 V
Polarization voltage 0 V or 200 V Polarization voltage 200 V or 0 V
Frequency response 3.5 Hz – 200 kHz Frequency response 3.5 Hz – 200 kHz
A-weighting network IEC 60651 Type 0 and IEC 61672 Class 1 A-weighting network IEC 60651 Type 0 and IEC 61672 Class 1
Output impedance 30 Ω Output impedance 30 Ω
Power supply 10 x AA alkaline batteries Power supply 10 x AA alkaline batteries
or 12 – 18 V DC or 12 – 18 V DC
mains/line adaptor for 220/115 V mains/line adaptor for 220/115 V

65 POWER MODULES
POWER MODULES

Type 12AG Type 12AB

Power Module Intensity Power Module

8-channel mains/line operated power supply, but can
also be powered by an external DC supply. It is built
for multi-channel acoustic measurements, using pre-
amplifiers and condenser microphones.
Each channel offers a choice of linear response, A-
weighting and high-pass filters, and has a built-in
1000Hz oscillator, which enables a complete channel
check when used in conjunction with preamplifiers
having a SysCheck or similar facility. The polarization
voltage can be set to either 200V or 0V allowing the
use of either externally-polarized and prepolarized
microphones. The preamplifier supply voltage can be
selected internally to either 28V or 120V.
Each channel has a 7-pin LEMO 1B input connector
for a microphone preamplifier, as well as indicators for
instantaneous and latched overloads.
Two-channel, battery-operated, microphone power
supply for use with the Sound Intensity Probe Type
50AI versions B, C and D.
It has a 12-pin LEMO 1B input connector for direct
connection with the intensity probe and two BNC
output sockets for the microphone signals. It also has
a 9-pin D-sub socket for connecting to the RS-232
port of a computer for software control of the
remote-control facilities of the Sound Intensity Probe
Type 50AI.
A battery indicator is included to monitor battery con-
dition as well as an input socket for an external power
supply.
12 of these Power Modules can be mounted in a
G.R.A.S. AK0040 standard 19” rack.

The gain in each channel can be selected individually

in steps of 10dB from 0dB up to +50 dB. The high-
pass filters are 3-pole butterworth filters with a –1dB
cut-off frequency at 20Hz to remove unwanted low-
frequency signals, for example caused by wind-
induced noise around the microphones.

Two of these Power Modules can be mounted in a

G.R.A.S. AK0040 standard 19” rack.

Specifications Type 12AG

Input channel 8 x 7-pin LEMO 1B connector
Output channel 8 x BNC socket Specifications Type 12AB
Gain settings 0 dB, +10 dB, +20 dB, +30 dB, +40 dB, +50 dB Channels 2 via a 12-pin LEMO 1B connector
Preamplifier supply 28 V or 120 V Outputs channels 2 x BNC sockets and
Polarization voltage 0 V or 200 V one 9-pin D-sub socket
Frequency response 3.5 Hz – 200 kHz Preamplifier supply 28 V or 120 V
A-weighting network IEC 60651 Type 0 and IEC 61672 Class 1 Polarization voltage 0 V or 200 V
Output impedance 30 Ω Frequency response 0 Hz – 200 kHz
Power supply 10 x AA alkaline batteries Power supply 10 x AA alkaline batteries
or 12 – 18 V DC or 12 – 18 V DC
mains/line adaptor for 220/115 V mains/line adaptor for 220/115 V

POWER MODULES 66
 POWER MODULES

Type 12AP Type 12AL

Power Module CC Supply

Combined microphone conditioning amplifier and
power amplifier for simultaneously powering a pream-
plifier for a condenser microphone and an amplifier
for a loudspeaker (suitably, any sound source using a
loudspeaker/earphone/coupler). By design, it will
avoid system-generated noise, e.g. from ground
loops.
It is remotely controlled entirely via its RS-232 inter-
face and, for this purpose, is delivered with a control
program for Microsoft Windows®.
In a measurement set-up, the Type 12AP straddles
the paths of both the signal sent out to the loud-
speaker and the resulting acoustic signal picked up by
a condenser microphone fitted to the preamplifier. In
both cases, its set-up for handling these signals inde-
pendently comes under external control.
Low-noise CC Supply for powering microphone pre-
amplifiers requiring a constant-current power supply,
e.g. G.R.A.S. Preamplifiers Type 26CB (1/4”) and
Type 26CA (1/2”). It can also power the G.R.A.S.
Probe Microphone Type 40SC and the G.R.A.S. Array
Microphones Type 40PR and Type 40PQ.
The Type 12AL covers the frequency range from 1Hz
to 200kHz and has a switchable A-weighting network
and overload indicator. It is powered either by two
internal batteries (LR6-AA) or by an external 3 – 6V
DC supply.

Specifications Type 12AL

Input channel BNC socket
Output channel BNC socket
Transducer supply current 4 mA sourced from 28 V
Frequency response 1 Hz – 200 kHz
A-weighting network IEC 60651 Type 0 and IEC 61672 Class 1
Power supply 2 x AA alkaline batteries or 3 – 6 V DC

Specifications Type 12AP Preamplifier section Speaker-amplifier section

Input connector 7-pin LEMO 1B BNC
Output connector BNC Coaxial LEMO 1S
Current output connector (remote controlled) - BNC
Input impedance - 10 kΩ
Output impedance 100 Ω -
Gain (remote controlled) 0 – 40 dB in 10dB steps –20 to +10 dB in 10dB steps
Bandwidth (–3 dB): 1 Hz to 200 kHz DC to 80kHz
Noise floor (rel. input): 6 µV RMS 20 – 20 kHz -
Polarization voltage (remote controlled) 0 V/200 V -
High-pass filter (remote controlled) 1 Hz/20 Hz -
Phase shift (in/output) ±1° - DC to 30 kHz
Max. output voltage - ±14 V
Max. output current: - ±1.4 A
Overload detection (remote controlled) red LED red LED

67 POWER MODULES
CC INPUT ADAPTER & RACK SYSTEMS
AG0002
CC Input Adapter
An inline adapter for using a CC preamplifier with a
(constant-voltage) G.R.A.S. Power Module. One end
plugs straight into the Power Module’s input LEMO
connector and the other end has a BNC socket for
making a connection with a CC preamplifier, e.g.
G.R.A.S. CC Preamplifiers Type 26CB, 26CC (1/4”)
and Type 26CA, 26CF (1/2”).
POWER MODULES
AK0040
Standard 19” Rack-mounting System
A shelf for mounting instrument cabinets, e.g.
G.R.A.S. Power Modules, and can itself be mounted
in a standard 19” instrumentation rack via its flanges.
It can house instruments 133 mm high and is wide
enough to contain instruments amounting up to a
total width of 430 mm.
AK0096
Rack Kit
For mounting two G.R.A.S. Power Modules (Types
12AA/12AH/12AK) side-by-side on a single plate.
68
 POWER MODULES FOR LOW-NOISE MEASUREMENTS

Type 12HF Type 12HM

Power Module Power Module

Power supply for single-channel, low-noise measure-
ments using the matched, low-noise preamplifiers and
high-sensitive microphones of G.R.A.S. low-noise
measuring systems (Types 40HF, 40HH and 40HT).
The Type 12HF provides:
• Polarization voltage (200 V) for the condenser
microphone
• Voltage supplies (±15 V) for powering the micro-
phone preamplifier
• A response setting of pressure or free field
When fitted with the above matched preamplifiers and
microphones, the Type 12HF supports the specifica-
tions of a G.R.A.S. low-noise measuring system.
The G.R.A.S. Power Module Type 12HM is a 10-
channel power supply for multi-channel low-noise
measurements using the matched, low-noise pream-
plifiers and high-sensitive microphones of G.R.A.S.
low-noise measuring system (Types 40HF, 40HH and
40HT).
When fitted with these matched preamplifiers and
microphones, the Type 12HM can be used in sound-
power measurements of low-noise products, such as
disk drives, under anechoic and/or semi-anechoic
conditions according to IEC 745:1977.
The Type 12HM provides:
• Polarization voltages (200 V) for up to 10 condens-
er microphones
• Voltage supplies (±15 V) for powering up to 10
microphone preamplifiers
• Individual response setting, pressure or free field, for
each channel
• Individual gain adjustment of ±3 dB for each chan-
nel.
When fitted with the above matched preamplifiers
and microphones, each channel supports the specifi-
cations of a G.R.A.S. low-noise measuring system.

Specifications 12HF 12HM

Input channels 7-pin LEMO EGA 1B 10 x 7-pin LEMO EGA 1B
Output channels BNC coaxial 10 x BNC coaxial
Output impedance 30 Ω 30 Ω
Polarization voltage 200 V 200 V
Gain adjustment/channel – ± 3 dB
Channel separation – > 90 dB
Power supply 4 x LR14 (C) internal cells 115 or 230V AC
or an external supply of 6 – 20V DC max. 35 VA
Dimensions height: 132.6 mm (5 1/4”) height: 132.6 mm (5 1/4”)
width: 34.6 mm (1.3”) width: 420 mm (16 1/2”)
depth: 196 mm (7.7”) depth: 196 mm (7.7”)
Weight 620 g (1.3 lbs) 5.5 kg (12 lbs)

69 POWER MODULES
ACCESSORIES
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration offers a wide range of
standard accessories in the form of cables, adapters,
windscreens and tripods for use in measuring set-ups.
These can be broadly split up under accessories for
microphones, preamplifiers and outdoor microphones.
Some are included with certain products, some are
ACCESSORIES
available as extras. All can be ordered individually. The
brief descriptions given here as well as those on down-
loadable accessories sheet will help you to select what
you need for your particular set-up. At all events, feel
free to contact your local representative if you need
advice or further information.
70
 ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
AI0001
Elliptical Windscreen for Intensity Probes
Gives good protection at
wind speeds greater than
0.5 m/s and can reduce
pressure fluctuations
caused by turbulence by
as much as 20 dB.
AM0069
Spherical windscreens for 1/2” microphones
The AM0069 is a set of
five open-cell-structure
foam windscreens (90
mm diameter) for
mounting on 1/2”
microphones with stan-
dard protection grids
when making acoustic
measurements in windy
or other airflow conditions. The AM0069 will reduce
the bulk-speed of the airflow over the diaphragm of
the microphone to a minimum without significantly
influencing the acoustic-pressure fluctuations.
AM0071
Spherical windscreens for 1/4” microphones
The AM0071 is a set of
five open-cell-structure
foam windscreens (90
mm diameter) for mount-
ing on 1/4” microphones
with standard protection
grids when making
acoustic measurements in
windy or other airflow
conditions. The AM0071 will reduce the bulk-speed
of the airflow over the diaphragm of the microphone
to a minimum without significantly influencing the
acoustic-pressure fluctuations.
71
AM0363
Spherical windscreens for 1” microphones
The AM0363 is a set of
five open-cell-structure
foam windscreens (90
mm diameter) for mount-
ing on 1” microphones
with standard protection
grids when making
acoustic measurements in
windy or other airflow
conditions. The AM0363 will reduce the bulk-speed
of the airflow over the diaphragm of the microphone
to a minimum without significantly influencing the
acoustic-pressure fluctuations.
AM0364
Spherical windscreens for array microphones
The AM0364 is a set of
six open-cell-structure
foam windscreens (40
mm diameter) for mount-
ing on G.R.A.S. array
microphones Types
40PR, 40PT, 40PF and
40PQ, when making
acoustic measurements in
windy or other airflow conditions. The AM0364 will
reduce the bulk-speed of the airflow over the
diaphragm of the microphone to a minimum without
significantly influencing the acoustic-pressure fluctua-
tions.
ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
AF0008
Adapter for 1/4” preamplifier and 1/2” microphone
An inline barrel adapter
for using 1/4” preampli-
fiers with 1/2” micro-
phones. Included with
Preamplifier Type 26AB.
GR0010
Adapter for 1/4” preamplifier and 1/2” microphone
An inline stub adapter for
using 1/4” preamplifiers
with 1/2” microphones.
Included with Preamplifier
Types 26AC, 26AL and
26CB. Will only work
with G.R.A.S. micro-
phones (see also RA0003)
RA0001
Right-angled (90º) adapter for 1/2” microphone
and 1/4” preamplifier
The RA0001 is a right-
angled adapter for using
a 1/2” microphone with a
1/4” preamplifier. It can
be used with any stan-
dard 1/2” microphone
and 1/4” preamplifier
such as the Type 26AC.
The RA0001 could be
useful in situations where the microphone has to be
flush mounted on a wall.
RA0003
Adapter for 1/2” microphone and 1/4” preamplifier
The RA0003 is an adapter
for using a 1/2” micro-
phone with a 1/4” pre-
amplifier. It can be used
with any standard 1/2”
microphone and 1/4”
preamplifier such as the
Type 26AC.
ACCESSORIES
RA0006
Right-angled (90º) adapter for
1/4” microphone and 1/4” preamplifier
The RA0006 is a right-
angled adapter for using
a 1/4” microphone with a
1/4” preamplifier. It can
be used with any stan-
dard 1/4” microphone
and 1/4” preamplifier
such as the Type 26AC.
RA0007
Straight adapter for 1/4” preamplifiers
75 mm straight adapter
for placing between a
1/4” microphone and a
1/4” preamplifier.
Included with 1/4”
Intensity-microphone pair
Type 40BI.
RA0016
20 dB Attenuator for externally-polarized
1/2” microphones
The RA0016 is a 20 dB
attenuator for inserting
between a 1/2” micro-
phone and preamplifier. It
will attenuate the output
signal of the microphone
by 20 dB in order to
avoid overloading the
preamplifier or following
analyzer. The RA0016 will work properly only with
externally-polarized microphones. For prepolarized
microphones, use the RA0018.
RA0017
Adapter for 1” microphone and 1/2” preamplifier
The RA0017 is a head
adapter for using a 1”
microphone with a 1/2”
preamplifier. It can be
used with any standard
1” microphone and 1/2”
preamplifier such as the
Type 26AK.
72
 ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
RA0018
20 dB Attenuator for prepolarized 1/2” microphones
RA0018 is a 20 dB atten-
uator for inserting
between a 1/2” prepolar-
ized microphone and pre-
amplifier. It will attenuate
the output signal of the
microphone by 20 dB in
order to avoid overload-
ing the preamplifier. The
RA0018 is useful when measuring very high sound
pressure levels using a preamplifier with limited
dynamic range such as a Constant Current powered
preamplifier. The RA0018 will work properly only with
prepolarized microphones. For externally-polarized
microphones, use the RA0016.
RA0019
Adapter for 1/4” microphone and 1/2” preamplifier
The RA0019 is an adapter
for using a 1/4” micro-
phone with a 1/2” pream-
plifier. Its influence on the
acoustic field is minimal.
To reduce attenuation of
the microphone signal, the
guard ring of the pream-
plifier is extended through
the RA0019.
RA0020
1/2” Nosecone
The RA0020 is a 1/2”
nosecone for replacing
the standard protection
grid of a 1/2” micro-
phone when making
acoustic measurements in
laminar airflow. The tip of
the RA0020 should be
pointed upstream to
reduce turbulence around the microphone and any
attendant induced noise which might otherwise reach
the diaphragm of the microphone.
RA0020-A
1/2” Nosecone
Similar to RA0020 but made of aluminium for light-
ness.
73
RA0022
1/4” Nosecone
The RA0020 is a 1/4”
Nosecone for replacing
the standard protection
grid of a 1/4” micro-
phone when making
acoustic measurements in
laminar airflow. The tip of
the RA0022 should be
pointed upstream to
reduce turbulence around the microphone and any
attendant induced noise which might otherwise reach
the diaphragm of the microphone.
RA0063
Adapter for 1/8” microphone and 1/4” preamplifier
The RA0063 is an adapter
for using a 1/8” micro-
phone with a 1/4” pre-
amplifier. It can be used
with any standard 1/8”
microphone and 1/4”
preamplifier such as the
Type 26AC. To reduce
attenuation of the micro-
phone signal, the guard ring of the preamplifier is
extended through the RA0063.
RA0067
Transmitter adapter for 1/2” microphones
The RA0067 enables a
prepolarized 1/2” micro-
phone (typically a
G.R.A.S. Type 40AD) to
be used as a high-imped-
ance sound source. It
takes a calibration signal
directly from a signal gen-
erator. This makes the
microphone behave like an electrostatic loudspeaker
which, in a coupler, has a frequency response as good
as when behaving like a microphone. It can also be
used with externally- polarized microphones when
used with Actuator Supply Type 14AA which superim-
poses + 200 VDC polarization on the calibration sig-
nal. The RA0067 has a BNC connector.
ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES

RA0068 RA0081
Transmitter adapter for 1/2” microphones Special tool for gripping 1/2” microphones

The RA0068 enables an externally-polarized 1/2”

microphone (typically a G.R.A.S. Type 40AP) to be
used as a high-impedance sound source. It requires a
calibration signal as well as a polarization voltage of
+200 V. This makes the microphone behave like an
electrostatic loudspeaker which, in a coupler, has a
frequency response as good as when behaving like a
microphone. The RA0068 has a 7-pin LEMO connec-
tor and 3 m cable.
The RA0081 has a pair of soft, semi-circular jaws for
gripping a 1/2” microphone safely when unscrewing
RA0071 its protection grid or unscrewing it from a preamplifier.
Microphone removal tool

If it ever becomes neces- RA0082

sary to extract the micro-
phone from an Ear
Simulator like RA0045,
use this special tool
RA0071.
RA0073
Adapter for 1” microphone and 1/2” preamplifier
The RA0073 is an adapter
for using a 1” micro-
phone with a 1/2” pre-
amplifier. The influence of
the RA0073 on the
acoustic field is minimal.
Adapter for 1/8” microphone and
1/4” preamplifier (long version)
The RA0082 is an adapter
for using a 1/8” micro-
phone with a 1/4” pre-
amplifier. It can be used
with any standard 1/8”
microphone and 1/4”
preamplifier such as the
Type 26AC. Its extended
length improves high-fre-
quency performance by reducing diffraction effects.
To reduce attenuation (see RA0063).
RA0084
1/2” microphone protection grid with built-in actuator

The main body is made of insulating material and the

grid itself is made of stainless steel. By applying an
actuating voltage (from the Type 14AA) to the stain-
RA0077 less-steel grid, it can used as a built-in electrostatic
NBS 9A Coupler adapter for 1/2” microphone actuator.

The RA0077 is an adapter

for using a 1/2” micro-
phone in the NBS 9A
Coupler RA0075.
RA0086
Transmitter adapter for 1/4” microphones
The RA0086 is similar to
the RA0067 but is used
with a 1/4” externally
polarized microphone
(typically a G.R.A.S. Type
40BP) which can then be
used as a high-impedance
sound source, e.g. when
calibrating an acoustic
coupler such as the G.R.A.S. RA0045. The RA0086
has a microdot connector.

ACCESSORIES 74
 ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
RA0089
Adapter for 1/8” microphone and 1/2” preamplifier
(long version)
The RA0089 is an adapter for using a 1/8” micro-
phone with a 1/2” preamplifier. It can be used with
any standard 1/8” microphone and 1/2” preamplifier
such as the Type 26AK. Its extended length improves
high-frequency performance by reducing diffraction
effects.
RA0091
Insulated 1/2” microphone protection grid
For avoiding ground
loops, e.g. with GR0597
in telephone testing set-
ups using the Artificial Ear
Type 43AD.
RA0092
Rain-protection cap for array microphones
The RA0092 is for use
with G.R.A.S. array micro-
phones Types 40PR,
40PQ, 40PF and 40PT.
RA0093
Stainless-steel tripod adapter
Adjustable, high-quality,
stainless-steel tripod
adapter for 1/2” micro-
phones/preamplifiers.
Angular adjustment: 180°
in steps of 45°.
75
RA0094
Stainless-steel tripod adapter
Adjustable, high-quality,
stainless-steel tripod
adapter for microphone
arrays PR0001 and
PR0002.
Angular adjustment: 180°
in steps of 45°.
RA0095
Dehumidifier for 1” microphones
For use when humidity levels are high and only with a
rear-vented 1” microphone. In the case of the
1” Microphone Type 40EH used in the G.R.A.S.
Low-noise Level Microphone System Type 40HF,
please order only at the time of ordering a Type 40HF.
An indicator placed on the side of the dehumidifier
shows when it needs to be dried out before further
use.
RA0096
Stainless-steel tripod adapter
Adjustable, high-quality,
stainless-steel tripod
adapter for 1/4” micro-
phones/preamplifiers.
Angular adjustment: 180°
in steps of 45°.
RA0117
Coupler adapter for 1/2” to 1/4” microphone
The RA0117 is an adaptor
for mounting a 1/4”
microphone in couplers
designed for 1/2” micro-
phone. e.g. the IEC711
coupler type RA0045.
ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
RA0118
Attenuator for 1/4” microphones
The RA0118 is an attenu-
ator for inserting between
a 1/4” microphone and
preamplifier. It will atten-
uate the output signal of
the microphone by
approximately 16 dB in
order to avoid overload-
ing the preamplifier or
following analyzer. The RA0118 is useful when meas-
uring very high sound pressure levels using a pream-
plifier or analyzer with limited dynamic range.
RA0122
Random-incidence corrector
For use with 1/2” Free-
field microphones when
measuring noise accord-
ing to ANSI requirements.
RA0127
Rain-protection cap for 1/4” microphones
The RA0127 is for use
with 1/4” microphones
fitted with the protection
grid provided (GA0006)
which has a central
matching threaded stud.
RA0131
Rain-protection cap for 1/2” microphones
The RA0131 is for use
with 1/2” microphones
fitted with the protection
grid provided (AI0019)
which has a central
matching threaded stud.
ACCESSORIES
RA0132
Dehumidifier for 1/2” microphones
For use when humidity
levels are high and only
with a rear-vented 1/2”
microphone.
An indicator placed on
the side of the dehumidi-
fier shows when it needs
to be dried out before
further use.
AL0003
Tripod adapter for microphones
The AL0003 is an adapter
with a swivel head for
mounting 1/2” or 1/4”
preamplifiers with micro-
phones on tripods with a
standard 1/4” UNC-20
thread.
AL0002 AL0003
AL0004
Small light weight microphone tripod
Compact, light-weight tri-
pod for use with the
Environmental
Microphone Type 41AL
and microphone pream-
plifier combinations.
Its main features are:
• Standard mounting thread (1/4” UNC-20)
• Crank-adjusted centre column
• Rubber feet
• Adjustable tripod legs with locks
• Max. height 123 cm
• Retracted 24 cm
• Weight 650 g
76
 ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES

AL0005 AL0013
Swivel head Tripod adapter for 1/4” microphones/preamplifiers

For tripods with a stan- The AL0013 is an adapter for using 1/4” preamplifiers
dard 1/4” UNC-20 with microphones on tripods with a standard 1/4”
thread. UNC-20 thread. It is recommended for use with the
swivel adapter AL0005.

SK0017
Tripod thread insert

For adapting a female

AL0006 3/8” UNC-16 thread to a
Michrophone Tripod female 1/4” UNC-20
thread.
A versatile and robust tri-
pod for measurement set-
ups. Its main features are
the same as AL0004, but
it is stronger and more
stable.
SK0057
Tripod conversion screw

For adapting the 3/8”

AL0007 UNC-16 thread of a tri-
Clips for 1/4” intensity microphones pod to 1/4” UNC-20
thread.
Microphone clips 12 mm
and 25 mm for side-by-
side mounting of a pair of
1/4” intensity micro-
phones.

AL0012
Tripod adapter for 1/2” microphones/preamplifiers

The AL0012 is an adapter

for mounting 1/2” pre-
amplifiers with micro-
phones on tripods with a
standard 1/4” UNC-20
thread. It is recommended
for use with the swivel
adapter AL0005.

77 ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR PREAMPLIFIERS

RA0011 RA0083
Gooseneck BNC to 7-pin LEMO Adapter

The RA0011 is a 20 cm For utilising the signal and

flexible gooseneck with signal-ground pins only of
7-pin LEMO connectors the 7-pin LEMO input
for use with preamplifiers of a preamplifier power
with integrated 7-pin supply.
LEMO connectors such as
Types 26AJ, 26AK and
26AB. For example, it can
be mounted between the
preamplifier and a sound level meter in order to
reduce reflections. RA0125
Adapter for microdot input to a 1/2” preamplifier

RA0037 The RA0125 is an adapter

Adapter for microdot input to a 1/4” preamplifier for using a Microdot
(UNF 10-32) input to a
The RA0037 is an adapter for using a Microdot (UNF standard 1/2” preamplifi-
10-32) input to a standard 1/4” preamplifier such as er such as the Type 26AK.
the Type 26AC. Useful when a high input impedance Useful when a high input
is required for transducers such as hydrophones and impedance is required for
accelerometers. transducers such as
hydrophones and
accelerometers.
RA0062
20pF Preamplifier-input adapter for
1/2” preamplifiers RA0140 – Dummy 1” microphone

The RA0062 is a 20pF
input adapter for 1/2”
preamplifiers. One end
screws on to a 1/2” pre-
amplifier and the other
end has a BNC input con-
nector. This enables con-
necting a signal generator
to the input of the pre-
amplifier. RA0062 can be used as a 20pF dummy load
when short circuiting the BNC input.
For checking the inherent noise level of a preamplifier
loaded purely by the capacitance of a 1” microphone.
AG0001
Adapter for 7-pin LEMO to B&K
The AG0001 is an
adapter for a 7-pin LEMO
connector and a tradition-
al 7-Pin B&K microphone
input connector.

RA0080
6pF Preamplifier-input adapter for 1/4" microphones

The RA0080 is a 6pF input adapter for 1/4” preampli-

fiers. One end screws on to a 1/4” preamplifier and AG0003
the other end has a Microdot (UNF 10-32) input con- Adapter for CC preamplifier to XLR
nector. This enables connecting a signal generator to
the input of the preamplifier. RA0080 can be used as a The AG0003 is an
6pF dummy load when short circuiting the Microdot adapter for an XLR
input. connector and an CC
compatible preamplifier
with a BNC Connector.

ACCESSORIES 78
 ACCESSORIES FOR OUTDOOR MICROPHONES

AC0001 AM0033
Calibration Control Box for Types 41AM/41CN Tripod adapter

The AC0001 is a control box with local and remote For mounting Outdoor
facilities for switching on/off the Actuator Calibration Microphone Types
of the Outdoor Microphone Systems Types 41AM 41AM/41CN (fitted with
and 41CN. It also has a BNC output for analysing the Pole Adapter AM0029)
signals from these Outdoor Microphone Systems. It on a tripod. Has 1” RG
can be connected to a 12 – 18 V DC mains/line (ISO 228/1) male thread
adapter for powering the Types 41AM and 41CN. on top and 3/5” UNC-16
thread at the bottom.

AL0001 AM0037
Desiccator for Type 41AL Transport protection cap

The AL0001 is a desicca- For protecting the micro-

tor unit which is mounted phone assembly in
on the bottom of the Outdoor Microphone
Environmental Types 41AM/41CN.
Microphone Type 41AL
and extends the time in
which the Type 41AL can
be used outdoors.

AM0009 AM0038
Windscreens for Types 41AM/41CN/41AL Multi spanner/wrench

The AM0009 is a set of For dismantling the

five open-cell-structure microphone assembly of
foam windscreens for Outdoor Microphone
mounting on the Outdoor Types 41AM/41CN.
Microphone Systems
Types 41AM and 41CN,
and the Environmental
Microphone Type 41AL.

AM0029
Pole adapter

For mounting Outdoor

Microphone Types
41AM/41CN on a pole.
Has 1 1/2” RG (ISO
228/1) female thread.
Also used with the Tripod
Adapter AM0033 for
mounting an Outdoor
Microphone on a tripod.

RA0011

79 ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR OUTDOOR MICROPHONES
AM0052
Complete windscreen/birdspike for Types
41AM/41CN
The AM0052 is a wind-
screen, complete with
anti-bird spikes, for
mounting on the
Outdoor Microphone
Systems Types 41AM
and 41CN.
AM0089
High wind speed screen for Types 41AM/41CN
Spherical windscreen for
Outdoor Microphone
Systems Types 41AM
and 41CN . Fits directly
over the existing wind-
screen, accommodating
the anti-bird spikes.
Open-cell foam structure
20ppi, 150 mm diameter.
AM0145
Complete windscreen/birdspike for Types 41AL
The AM0145 is a wind-
screen, complete with
anti-bird spikes, for
mounting on the
Environmental
Microphone Type 41AL.
ACCESSORIES 80
RA0009
Adapter for Pistonphone calibration
The RA0009 is an adapter
for calibrating the Out-
door Microphone System
Type 41AM. It fits over
the rain protection cap of
the Type 41AM and per-
mits in-situ calibration
using a Pistonphone such
as the Type 42AA or a
Calibrator such as the Type 42AB
RA0010
Adapter for Pistonphone calibration
The RA0010 is an adapter
for calibrating the
Environmental Micro-
phone Type 41AL. It fits
over the rain protection
cap of the Type 41AL and
permits in-situ calibration
using a Pistonphone such
as the Type 42AA or a
Calibrator such as the Type 42AB.
RA0041
Adapter for Pistonphone calibration
The RA0041 is an adapter
for calibrating the
Outdoor Microphone
System Type 41CN. It fits
over the rain protection
cap of the Type 41CN
and permits in-situ cali-
bration using a
Pistonphone such as the
Type 42AA or a Calibrator such as the Type 42AB.
RA0087
Special key
Used when dismantling
the microphone assembly
of Outdoor Microphone
Systems Type 41AM and
41CN.
 ACCESSORIES FOR ARTIFICIAL EARS & MOUTHS
RA0052
Test Jig
For use with G.R.A.S.
couplers and artificial ears.
It has an adjustable
spring-loaded arm to
exert a variable force on
the test object.
RA0058
Preamplifier adapter
1” to 1/2” adapter for
using a 1/2” preamplifier
with the 1” microphone
used in an ear coupler
(i.e. 1” Microphone Type
40EN in NBS 9A Coupler
RA0075).
RA0070
Test base for artificial ears
Test base for G.R.A.S.
artificial ears and cou-
plers.
RA0085
Insulated coupling for artificial ear
Use as a substitute if nec-
essary for GR0336 in the
Artificial Ear Type 43AD
to avoid ground loops.
81
RA0088
In Ear Adapter
Moulding cup used to
custom fit in-ear hearing
aids to IEC 60126 2-cc
Coupler RA0038.
RA0110
Conical mouth piece
An earlier conical mouth piece is available and can be
delivered with the Mouth Simulator Types 44AA/
44AB for users who require it, e.g. for historical rea-
sons. It comes without the four holes for mounting
the lip ring.
RA0114
Adapter for 1/4” button type hearing aids
For use with 2cc Coupler
RA0113.
RA0115
Moulding adapter for ITE hearing aids
For use with 2cc Coupler
RA0113.
RA0116
Adapter for 1/2” microphone
For use with 2cc Coupler
RA0113.
ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR ARTIFICIAL EARS & MOUTHS

RA0141 KB0111
Reference gauge Ear-mould simulator

For checking the AEN and Ear-mould simulator for

REF speaking positions on connecting a GR0917
the Telephone Test Head (coupler holder) to a BTE
Type 45AA. hearing aid via 3 mm
plastic tubing.

RA0143 KEMAR Ears:

Mounting plate for ear simulators (KEMAR)

KB0060/KB0061

GR0958 GR0924

Allows rotation of the ear simulators inside the

KEMAR head. Supplied with cylindrical ear entrance
tube GR0917.

KB0110
Ear-mould simulator
KB0065/KB0066
Ear-mould simulator for
connecting a GR0917 Ear No. Description
(coupler holder) to a BTE KB0060 Small Right Ear Shore 00-55
hearing aid via 2 mm KB0061 Small Left Ear Shore 00-55
KB0065 Large Right Ear Shore 00-55
plastic tubing.
KB0066 Large Left Ear Shore 00-55
KB0090 Large Right Ear (VA-style) Shore 00-55
KB0091 Large Left Ear (VA-style) Shore 00-55
KB1060 Small Right Ear Shore 00-35
KB1061 Small Left Ear Shore 00-35
KB1065 Large Right Ear Shore 00-35
KB1066 Large Left Ear Shore 00-35
KB1090 Large Right Ear (VA-style) Shore 00-35
KB1091 Large Left Ear (VA-style) Shore 00-35

ACCESSORIES 82
 ACCESSORIES FOR PISTONPHONES

RA0023 RA0046
Coupler for 1” microphones Coupler for Hydrophone Calibration

Coupler for 1” micro-
phones. For use with
G.R.A.S. pistonphones.
Coupler (to be used with Adapter RA0055) for cali-
brating Hydrophone Type 10CC (Reson TC4032) with
a G.R.A.S. Pistonphone. Use with the adapter
GR0398 included with Pistonphone Type 42AC
instead of RA0055.

RA0048
Coupler for 1/2” microphones

RA0024 Coupler for 1/2” micro-

Coupler for two-port Calibration phones. For use with
G.R.A.S. pistonphones.
Two-port coupler for 1/2”
microphones. Used in
comparison calibrations
between two 1/2” micro-
phones; one of which is a
reference microphone. It
can also be used in meas-
uring the P-I (Pressure- RA0049
Intensity) Index of intensi- 1/2” adapter for 1/4” microphones
ty probes at 250Hz. For use with Pistonphone Type
42AA. 1/2” adapter for 1/4”
microphones. For use
with G.R.A.S. piston-
RA0042 phones.
Coupler for two-port Calibration

Two-port high-pressure
coupler for 1/2” micro-
phones. Used in compari-
son calibrations between
two 1/2” microphones; RA0060
one of which is a refer- Coupler for 1/2” nosecone
ence microphone. It can
also be used in measuring For use when calibrating
the P-I (Pressure-Intensity) a microphone fitted with
Index of intensity probes at 250Hz. For use with a 1/2” nosecone RA0020
Pistonphone Type 42AC. using a G.R.A.S. piston-
phone like 42AA.

RA0043
Coupler for Hydrophone Calibration

Coupler for calibrating

Hydrophone Type 10CT
(Reson TC4013) with a
G.R.A.S. Pistonphone.

83 ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR PISTONPHONES
RA0069
1/2” adapter for 1/8” microphones
1/2” adapter for 1/8”
microphones. For use
with G.R.A.S. piston-
phones.
RA0078
Coupler for Hydrophone Calibration
Coupler for calibrating
Hydrophone Type 10CD
(Reson TC4033) with a
G.R.A.S. Pistonphone.
ACCESSORIES 84
RA0090
94 dB Pistonphone Coupler
A larger-volume Coupler
for enabling Pistonphone
Types 42AA and 42AP to
produce a sound pressure
level of 94 dB instead of
114 dB re. 20µPa.
Essential when calibrating
highly sensitive, G.R.A.S.
low-noise measuring sys-
tems which would otherwise be overloaded by 114 dB.
RA0119
Pistonphone Adapter
A Pistonphone adapter for calibration checking the
Ear Simulator Type 43AE when a pinna simulator is
mounted on the IEC60711 coupler RA0045.
 CABLES

Extension cables for outdoor microphones Extension cables for Array Microphones
SMB female to BNC
The extension cables for the Outdoor Microphone
Systems Types 41AM and 41CN (and the earlier Type AA0027: 3 m
41CM) are high-quality PUR cables with a doubled- AA0028: 10 m
screened signal wire, terminated by 6-pin LEMO 2S AA0029: 30 m
connectors. Extension cables for Environmental
Microphone Types 41AL and 41AO is regular micro-
phone extension cables like AA0008 etc. (see below AA0027
for more information).

AA0003: 3m
AA0002: 10 m Extension cables
AA0001: 20 m BNC to BNC 50Ω
AA0017: 30 m
AA0004: 50 m AA0034: 2 m
AA0015: 100 m on cable drum AA0035: 3 m
AA0016: 200 m on cable drum AA0036: 5 m
AA0037: 10 m
AA0038: 30 m
Extension cables for Preamplifier Type 26AA AA0039-XX: XX m
AA0037
(XX = custom length in
AA0006: 2 m cable 4-pin LEMO 0B to 4-pin LEMO metres).
0B (for moving preamplifier array from probe-handle
Type 50AI)
AA0007: 2 m cable 4-pin LEMO 0B to 7-pin LEMO Extension cables
1B (for connecting preamplifier directly to a power SMB to SMB female
module with 7-pin LEMO input).
Extension cables for array microphones with SMB con-
nectors such as 40PR, 40PQ, 40PE and 40PT.
Extension cables for Preamplifier with
7-pin LEMO to 7 pin-LEMO 1B series AA0043: 3 m
AA0044: 10 m
Extension cables for pre- AA0045: 30 m
amplifiers with 7 pin
LEMO connectors.
These high-quality cables AA0043
are made with an outer
sleeve of Polyurethane
AA0008
for maximum wear resist-
ance and Teflon-coated inner sleeves for maximum Extension cables for Low-noise Measuring Systems
insulation and temperature stability. Type 40HF/40HH

AA0008: 3 m AA0046: 7-pin LEMO to

AA0009: 10 m 7-pin LEMO, 3 m
AA0012: 30 m AA0047: 7-pin LEMO to
AA0014: 100 m 7-pin LEMO, 10 m
AA0020/XX: Custom length where xx specifies the AA0048: 7-pin LEMO to
length in metres. 7-pin LEMO, 30 m

The LEMO plugs have special keying to avoid

connecting low noise measuring systems to regular
power modules.

85 ACCESSORIES
CABLES

AA0010 Adapters/cables for Intensity Probe Type 50AI

Extension cable for Intensity Probes
AC0002
12-pin LEMO 2B to 12-pin LEMO 2B extension cable Adapter cable for Type
10 m. For use with G.R.A.S. intensity probes. 50AI-B for use with 01dB
Symphonie.

AA0018
Microdot to BNC cable

3 m cable as supplied with Type 26CB; Microdot AC0003

(UNF 10-32) to BNC. Adapter cable 12-pin
LEMO to 2 x 7-pin LEMO
for Type 50AI-C.
AA0024
Adapter cable for older B&K equipment

2 m adapter cable from

B&K female socket to 7- AC0004
pin LEMO 1B series male. Adapter cable for Type
50AI-LD for use with
L&D analyser 2900.

AA0026 AC0005
Cigarette lighter adapter cable Adapter cable for Type
50AI-B for use with
Cigarette lighter adapter for Power Modules Type Müller BBM and OROS
12AA/12AK. analysers.

AA0042
Flat cable for windows AC0006
Adapter for Type 50AI-HP
1/2 m flat preamplifier cable for use in architectural for use with HP analyzer.
acoustics for making a connection through closed
doors and windows.

AA0049
Microdot to SMB extension cable AC0007
Adapter cable for Type 50AI-LD for use with L&D
10 m extension cable; Microdot (UNF 10-32) to analyser 3000.
SMB female.

AC0008
Adapter cable for Type 50AI-B for use with 01dB
Harmonie.

AC0010
Adapter cable 18-pin LEMO to 2 x 7-pin LEMO.

ACCESSORIES 86
 CABLES

1-6 Adapter cables for Array Microphones EW0006

AC0015
The AC0015 is for use
with the Array Module
PR0001. One end has a
LEMO connector which
plugs into the array mod-
ule and splits into six BNC
outputs on the ends of
short cables.
AC0016
The AC0016 is for use with the Array Module
PR0001. One end has a LEMO connector which plugs
into the array module and splits into six SMB outputs
on the ends of short cables.
4.8 mm diameter high-quality, screened/shielded 7-
core preamplifier extension cable, PUR jacket (1 m).
EW0009
2.5 mm diameter screened/shielded 4 x AWG 30
EFTE cable, PUR jacket (1 m).
EW0011
2.8 mm diameter screened/shielded 5 x AWG 30
EFTE cable, PUR jacket (1 m).
EW0035
7.8 mm diameter combined 2 coaxial and 16-core
screened/shielded cable, PUR jacket (1 m).

Cable accessories
EW0061
AE0001 2 mm diameter high quality coax cable (1 m).
6-pin LEMO FFA.2S.306 male plug as supplied with
Types 41AM/41CN.
EW0062
7 mm diameter combined coaxial and 8-core
AE0003 screened/shielded cable, PUR jacket (1 m).
7-pin LEMO FGG.1B.307 male plug for preamplifier
extension cables.
PA0017
Cable drum
AE0037
LEMO ERG.2B.306.CLL panel socket for Types The PA0017 is a cable
41AM/41CN. drum for approximately
100 m microphone cable.

AE1002
7-pin LEMO 1B series female connector for panel
mounting.

AE1003
7-pin LEMO 1B series female connector for cable PA0018
mounting. Cable drum

The PA0018 is a cable drum for approximately 200 m

microphone cable.

87 ACCESSORIES
MISCELLANEOUS ACCESSORIES

GR0045 Alkaline batteries

Spacer for Intensity

8 mm spacer for Sound- EL0001 LR6-AA 1.5 V

intensity Probe Type 50AI. EL0002 LR14-C 1.5 V
EL0003 6LR61 9 V

Power Supplies

AB0001
SMPS regulated 220 V AC to 5 – 24 V DC 10W.

GR0625
End piece AB0002
Regulated 220 V AC to
For Array Module Type 15 V DC 7.5W.
PR0001/PR001-1.

AB0003
GR0630 Regulated 110 V AC to
Connecting piece 15 V DC 7.5W.

Used to extend Array

Module Type PR0001/
PR001-1 in the horizontal
direction.

AB0004
Regulated 220 V AC to 5 V DC 5W.

GR0707 AB0005
Spacer for Array SMPS regulated 110 - 220 V AC to 6 V DC 10W.

The 50 mm spacer is used

to extend Array Module AB0006
Type PR0001/ PR001-1 in Regulated for UK 240 V AC to 15 V DC 7.5W.
the vertical direction.

AB0011
SMPS regulated 110 - 220 V AC to 12 V DC 10W.

RA0107
A set of 6 (50 mm) spacers for Array Modules
PR0001 and PR0001-1.

ACCESSORIES 88
 Survey

Measurement Chains

89
 CalibrationChart

Calibration Setups

91
 Standardised
Measurements on
Earphones, Hearing Aids
and Telephones

Ear/Mouth Setups

93
MICROPHONE SELECTION

95
INDEX

10CD: 84 40PS: 17 AA0038: 85

10CT: 83 40PT: 18, 19, 63, 71, 75, 85 AA0039: 85
12AA: 43, 65, 68, 86 40SA: 21 AA0042: 86
12AB: 43, 66 40SC: 21, 67 AA0043: 85
12AG: 66 40TA: 20 AA0044: 85
12AH: 68 41AL: 34, 35, 76, 79, 80, 85 AA0045: 85
12AK: 6, 65, 68, 86 41AM: 33, 34, 79, 80, 85, 87 AA0046: 38, 39, 85
12AL: 6, 17, 21, 67 41AO: 35, 85 AA0047: 38, 39, 85
12AN: 64 41AS: 33, 34 AA0048: 38, 39, 85
12AP: 67 41AW: 20 AA0049: 86
12AR: 64 41CM: 85 AA0050: 49
12HF: 37, 38, 39, 69 41CN: 33, 34, 79, 80, 85, 87 AB0001: 88
12HM: 38, 39, 69 42AA: 37, 48, 49, 80, 83, 84 AB0002: 88
14AA: 50, 51, 73, 74 42AB: 50, 80 AB0003: 88
26AA: 25, 42, 43, 44, 45, 85 42AC: 48, 49, 83 AB0004: 88
26AB: 25, 72, 78 42AP: 37, 49, 84 AB0005: 88
26AC: 20, 25, 54, 55, 56, 72, 73, 74, 78 43AA: 54, 57 AB0006: 88
26AG: 24, 39 43AB: 54, 56 AB0011: 88
26AH: 24 43AC: 54, 57 AC0001: 79
26AJ: 24, 65, 78 43AD: 55, 57, 60, 75, 81 AC0002: 86
26AK: 6, 24, 51, 55, 56, 72, 75, 78 43AE: 55, 60, 84 AC0003: 43, 86
26AL: 25, 65, 72 43AF: 55, 56 AC0004: 86
26AM: 24 43AG: 56 AC0005: 86
26AN: 25 44AA: 59, 60, 81 AC0006: 86
26CA: 26, 31, 63, 67, 68 44AB: 59, 60, 81 AC0007: 86
26CB: 20, 27, 31, 63, 67, 68, 72, 86 45AA: 60, 82 AC0008: 86
26CC: 20, 27, 63, 68 45BA: 61 AC0010: 86
26CF: 26, 63, 68 45CA: 61 AC0015: 19, 87
26HF: 38 46AD: 31 AC0016: 19, 87
26HG: 25 46AE: 31 AE0001: 33, 87
26HH: 38 46AF: 30 AE0003: 87
26HT: 39 46AO: 31 AE0037: 87
26TC: 25, 30 46AP: 30 AE1002: 87
26TK: 24, 30 46AQ: 31 AE1003: 87
40AC: 10 46AR: 30 AF0008: 25, 72
40AD: 14, 31, 73 46BD: 31 AG0001: 78
40AE: 13, 31, 34 46BE: 31 AG0002: 68
40AF: 10, 20, 30 46BF: 30 AG0003: 78
40AG: 11, 54, 55, 56, 57 46BP: 30 AI0001: 71
40AH: 38, 39 50AI: 25, 40, 43, 66, 85, 86, 88 AI0019: 76
40AI: 40, 42, 43, 44, 45 50VI: 44, 45 AK0040: 65, 66, 68
40AJ: 34 50VX: 45 AK0096: 68
40AK: 42, 43 51AB: 42 AL0001: 34, 79
40AN: 10 AL0002: 76
40AO: 14, 57 A AL0003: 76
40AP: 11, 30, 74 AA0001: 33, 85 AL0004: 76, 77
40AQ: 13, 31 AA0002: 33, 85 AL0005: 77
40AR: 10, 30 AA0003: 33, 85 AL0006: 77
40AS: 33, 34 AA0004: 33, 85 AL0007: 77
40AU: 11 AA0006: 85 AL0012: 77
40BD: 14, 31, 74 AA0008: 30, 34, 85 AL0013: 77
40BE: 13, 31 AA0009: 85 AM0009: 33, 34, 79
40BF: 10, 20, 30 AA0010: 86 AM0029: 33, 79
40BH: 12 AA0012: 85 AM0033: 79
40BI: 40, 42, 72 AA0014: 85 AM0037: 33, 34, 79
40BP: 12, 30 AA0015: 33, 85 AM0038: 33, 79
40CA: 6 AA0016: 33, 85 AM0052: 33, 80
40DD: 14 AA0017: 33, 85 AM0069: 71
40DP: 12 AA0018: 86 AM0071: 71
40EH: 38, 75 AA0020: 85 AM0089: 80
40EN: 11, 55, 56, 57, 81 AA0024: 86 AM0145: 34, 80
40EU: 11 AA0026: 86 AM0363: 71
40HF: 37, 38, 39, 69, 75, 85 AA0027: 85 AM0364: 71
40HH: 37, 38, 39, 69, 85 AA0028: 85
40HT: 39, 69 AA0029: 85 E
40PE: 63, 85 AA0034: 31, 85 EL0001: 88
40PF: 18, 19, 63, 71, 75 AA0035: 85 EL0002: 88
40PQ: 18, 19, 63, 67, 71, 75, 85 AA0036: 85 EL0003: 88
40PR: 18, 19, 63, 67, 71, 75, 85 AA0037: 85 EW0006: 87

96
 INDEX

EW0009: 87 RA0022: 73 S
EW0011: 87 RA0023: 48, 49, 83 SK0017: 77
EW0035: 87 RA0024: 48, 49, 83 SK0057: 77
EW0061: 87 RA0025: 48, 49
EW0062: 87 RA0037: 78 T
RA0038: 54, 56, 57, 81 TC4013: 83
G RA0039: 11, 54, 55, 57, 61 TC4032: 83
GA0006: 76 RA0041: 33, 80 TC4033: 84
GR0010: 25, 39, 72 RA0042: 48, 83
GR0045: 88 RA0043: 83
GR0332: 55 RA0045: 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 74, 75, 84
GR0336: 55, 81 RA0045-S1: 57
GR0398: 48, 83 RA0046: 83
GR0597: 75 RA0048: 83
GR0625: 88 RA0049: 48, 49, 83
GR0630: 88 RA0052: 54, 55, 56, 81
GR0707: 88 RA0055: 83
GR0917: 82 RA0056: 55, 57, 58
GR0924: 82 RA0057: 55, 57, 58
GR0958: 82 RA0058: 81
GU0133: 60 RA0060: 83
GU0138: 60 RA0062: 78
RA0063: 73, 74
H RA0067: 73, 74
HP 35670A Opt UK4: 43 RA0068: 74
HP 3569A: 43 RA0069: 48, 49, 84
RA0070: 81
K RA0071: 74
KB0060: 82 RA0072: 48, 49
KB0061: 82 RA0073: 56, 74
KB0065: 82 RA0075: 11, 55, 56, 74, 81
KB0066: 82 RA0076: 55
KB0090: 82 RA0077: 74
KB0091: 82 RA0078: 84
KB0110: 82 RA0080: 78
KB0111: 82 RA0081: 74
KB1060: 82 RA0082: 74
KB1061: 82 RA0083: 78
KB1065: 82 RA0084: 74
KB1066: 82 RA0085: 81
KB1090: 82 RA0086: 74
KB1091: 82 RA0087: 80
RA0088: 81
L RA0089: 75
LD2900: 43 RA0090: 37, 48, 49, 84
LD3000: 43 RA0091: 75
RA0092: 75
P RA0093: 75
PA0017: 87 RA0094: 75
PA0018: 87 RA0095: 75
PR0001: 16, 19, 27, 75, 87, 88 RA0096: 75
PR0001-1: 16, 19, 88 RA0107: 88
PR0002: 16, 19, 27, 75 RA0110: 81
PR001-1: 88 RA0113: 11, 56, 57, 74, 81
RA0114: 81
R RA0115: 81
RA0001: 55, 72 RA0116: 81
RA0003: 72 RA0117: 75
RA0006: 72 RA0118: 76
RA0007: 72 RA0119: 84
RA0009: 33, 80 RA0122: 76
RA0010: 34, 80 RA0125: 78
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration A/S RA0011: 78, 79 RA0127: 76
Skovlytoften 33 · 2840 Holte · Denmark RA0016: 72, 73 RA0131: 76
Tel.: +45 4566 4046 · Fax: +45 4566 4047 RA0017: 72 RA0132: 76
RA0018: 72, 73 RA0137: 57
E-mail: gras@gras.dk · www.gras.dk
RA0019: 73 RA0140: 78
RA0020: 73, 83 RA0141: 60, 82
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration RA0020-A: 73 RA0143: 82
23621 Lorain Road
North Olmsted, OH 44070, USA
Tel.: 440-779-0100 · Fax: 440-779-4148
E-mail: sales@gras.us · www.gras.us 97
 PRODUCT CATALOGUE

G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration · Product Catalogue

Headquarters - Denmark: Sales Office - USA:

Skovlytoften 33 23621 Lorain Road
2840 Holte North Olmsted, OH 44070
Tel.: +45 4566 4046 · Fax: +45 4566 4047 Tel.: 440-779-0100 · Fax: 440-779-4148
E-mail: gras@gras.dk E-mail: sales@gras.us
www.gras.dk www.gras.us