B.

Inggris Kelas 12 [KTSP]

Perbolehkan siswa untuk melihat bidang studi ini

1. Making and Responding to Plans 5 topik
2. Preventions 4 topik
3. Hopes 3 topik
4. Intentions 4 topik
5. Encouragement 4 topik
6. Assessing 3 topik
7. Criticim 1 topik
8. Prediction and Speculation 2 topik
9. Movie Review 3 topik
10. Using Suggestion, Request, and Instruction in a Context 10 topik
11. Suggestions and Ideas 2 topik
12. Dealing with Blames, Accusation and Complaints 15 topik
13. Curiosity, Arguments, and Possibilities 15 topik
Making and Responding to Plans 5 topik

1Grammar Focus: Present Progressive

objectives
Basic competence: Understanding the use of present progressive tense to make plans in the
future time.
In this lesson, you will learn about the concept of present progressive tense and how to use it
as an expression of activities that will be performed in the future time.

Using Present Progressive Tense

Chacha is studying.
I am going to watch a movie.
Look at the above examples carefully.
Is there any difference in using the tense or in the meaning of the two examples above?
Do you notice them? Lets take a closer look into each of them.

In the first example, the sentence means that Chacha is doing an activity at the time being;
she is studying at the moment when someone is making a statement about her. This is just
one way of using the present progressive tense [be + V-ing]; i.e. for indicating an action in
progress. It gives an idea that an action is in the progress during a particular time. Take a look
at other examples below.

Andi is sleeping right now.

Azza is writing a chat line at the moment.

In addition to that, as shown in the second example, you may notice that present progressive
can be used to state a plan in the future.

The function of present progressive tense to state future plans is different with the use of
WILL. The differences between WILL and present progressive are explained in the
following.

Usually, we make plans using the future tense such as:

I will go to a mall.
I will ride a bicycle tomorrow.

Besides the example above, we can use the present progressive tense to replace the use of
future time will. Look at examples below:
I am going to eat at the cafeteria downstairs.
He is going to buy Murakamis new books.

The first one: to express prediction

You can use both future tense willand present progressive tense be going to to express
prediction in the future. Look at the examples below. In this case, present progressive tense
IS NOT used to make statements about plans.
She will succeed because she works hard.
She is going to succeed because she works hard.

The second one: to express willingness

You use future tense will to express willingness and spontaneous decision about a future
plan. It means that you have no prior plan in doing something. Usually, it occurs
spontaneously (without previous plan or without being thought over before). Look at the
examples below:

Rani: Andrew, will you help me carrying this box?

Andrew: Sure, I will help you.

The third one: Using present progressive tense to express future time

To express prior planthe plan you have made beforehand, you use present progressive
tense be going to. Look at the examples below.

I'm going to buy some books.

My father is going to paint our house.

Key Points
So, to express plans for future time:

You can use future time will, and you can also use present progressive tense be going to;
When you have made a prior plan and it is likely to happen, use progressive tense.

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2 Asking/ Stating Plans Formally
Objectives
Responding to the conversation relating to the expressions of asking and stating plans.

Learn
In the previous lesson, you have learnt about using present progressive tense to express future
plans. In this lesson, you will learn some expressions to state and to ask plans; you will also
learn about other useful expressions relating with it.

Asking and stating plans

This is Claras weekly agenda. Take a closer look into it.

To state her plans for the week, Clara can use the present progressive tense since she has
made prior plans, or simply state the plans. For example:

I am going to visit library on Monday.

I am planning to work on chemistry project since the deadline is on this week.
On Tuesday, ones of Claras friend Tiara, is calling her to ask about her agenda and the
plan of visiting a museum for the history project.

Study the dialogue below.

Notice some expressions that are used to make statements about plans and asking about plans
in the above dialogue. Focus on the sentence when Tiara said about the groups plan to visit
the museum, and the sentence when Clara said that she was planning to study on Thursday.

I want to tell you about the groups plan to visit the museum.
Are you doing anything on Thursday?
I already have a plan to study with my private tutor after school.

Key Points
There are several points that you should take notes about stating (making statements) and
asking plans.
* Making an agenda and list of your plans. These are very good to help you organize your
activities.
* Stating your plans in written and sticking to it are important to keep the schedule work.
Without strong self-commitment to make it work, a schedule remains a paper with some
notes on it. It wont be helpful for you.
* Consider to ask about other persons plans, especially if you wish to make appointments
with them. For example, for a study group or visit. When it is clear, not it down in your
schedule.
* Update your schedule regularly.

Plans are kinds of activity that people are
going to do.(not happening in the present).
Objectives
In this lesson you will learn how to ask and state plans in daily conversation (under informal
situations). Plans are kinds of activity that people are going to do. Plans belong to future
event (not happening in the present).

Lesson
PLANS

Plans are things that we want to do in the future. That is why when we plan to do something
in the future, we usually say "I Will" or " I want to". We ask and state plans almost all the
time. When your friends want to know what are you going to do after school, so theyre
asking plans. On the other side, when telling your friends that you are going to the bookstore
after school, you are stating a plan.

In asking/ stating plans, the use of verbs is very important. Verbs such as, think, plan, guess,
want to, and do (as a verb; not as an auxiliary verb) are commonly used in asking/stating
plans. We can combine these verbs with WH Questions and Modals in asking/ stating plans.

EXPRESSION OF ASKING AND STATING PLANS

Common expressions which can be used to ask/ state plans are provided as the example:

Do you understand?
Here are some examples of situation to ask and state our plan. Read carefully on the
explanation.

Situation: It is weekend and the weather is fine.

X: What do you plan to enjoy this weather? (Asking plan)

Y: I guess it is perfect for us to fly kite. I will go and get it. (Stating plan to play kite)
Explanation:
- What functions as WH question and plan functions as verb (in asking plan).
- Guess is the verb that indicates he plans to fly kite because the weather is just perfect to
do it (in stating plan).
 Situation: You are home with your brother and you are hungry. You find some shrimps and
vegetables in your fridge.
You : What will we make for dinner? (Asking plan)
Brother: We can cook fried rice. (Stating plan to cook dinner)
You : I love it.

Explanation:
Pay attention to the italic words above:
- What functions as WH question and make functions as verb (in asking plan).
- Can functions as Modal and cook functions as verb. They express that you and your
brother are going to use the shrimps and vegetables to make fried rice (in stating plan).

Situation: You want to know whether your friend will come to your house to do homework
together with you this evening or not.
You : Shall we do our homework at my house this evening? (Asking plan)
Your friend: I think of it. (Stating plan)

Explanation:
- Shall functions as is modal and do functions as verb (in asking plan).
- Think functions as verb that indicates that your friend is planning to come to your house
to do the homework with you (in stating plan).

Key points
Verbs such as think, plan, guess, hope, want to, and do are common verbs used In asking or
stating plans.

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EXPRESSING PERSUASION
OBJECTIVES
Responding to transactional meaning (to get things done) as well as formal and continuous
interpersonal conversations accurately, fluently and acceptably using various spoken
expressions including some peaking functions: expressing persuasion (formally and
informally).

LESSON
In this lesson, you will learn how to persuade people. In daily lives, we often face conditions
where people do not agree to us, or they have their own opinions on something. Sometimes,
we need to say some words to get them agree with us or at least, agree to accept our opinions
towards something. Getting common understanding is basically the reason why persuasion
takes place. What is persuasion actually? Is it hard to do?

Persuading people means you are making people to believe in something/ doing
something. In order to do that, we often give reason or fact to support our idea. We do this in
expressing both formal as well as informal persuasion . We call the supporting ideas as
reasons. What makes formal and informal reasons different is:

* Informal persuasion is somehow illogical; people tend to persuade using emotional

attachment or based on feelings.

* Formal persuasion that takes place in a more formal setting and also in written forms is
always based on data/ facts/ empirical information or logical reasons that have strong
evidence as the base of reasons. Furthermore, we can add an opinion when expressing
informal persuasion even though it is optional.

Below are the examples Look at the following table. It shows the examples of some common
expressions of persuasion that we can use both in formal and informal conversations or
settings. They may differ under various situation but the basic expressions are the same.

Do you understand?
Here are some examples of persuasion in formal and informal ways

Examples:

Formal Persuasion: It is true that consuming honey is very useful to maintain our health.
Informal Persuasion: Drink honey, it's good for you.
Explanation:It is undeniable that honey is good for our health. You try to make others are
willing to drink honey to keep their health.

Formal Persuasion: I notice that people are easily to get sick on rainy season because the
weather is cold.
Informal Persuasion: Don't you think the weather can get you sick?
Explanation: You observed that most people cannot stand to stay fit during rainy season.

Formal Persuasion: Let me assure you that this water heater is the best water heater ever. It
is adapting the newest technology on solar cell.
Informal Persuasion: You can try this water heater. I think it is good.
Explanation: You try to convince other people that the water heater is the best.

Formal Persuasion: It's proven by research that banana helps gaining energy.
Informal Persuasion: Do you know that eating banana is good for gaining your energy?
Explanation: Here you try to convince that banana is a good fruit for our body.
Key points
Here are things you need to remember.
* Persuading is trying to convince people to what we believe.
* In giving persuasion, we need to give reasons or actual facts.

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EXPRESSING REGRET
Objectives
Basic competence: Responding to the meaning in transactional conversation (to get things
done) and interpersonal (social) and continued (sustained) accurately, fluently and acceptable
that uses a variety of spoken language and involves speech: expressing regret (formal and
informal)

Lesson
Learning objective: In this lesson you will learn how to express regret in English both
formally and informally in daily life context.

Expressing Regret

How do you feel when you made a mistake?

How do feel when youre failed in the exam because you did not study hard?
Did you feel guilty when you are in those situations?

That kind of feeling is called regret. Regret is an unhappy feeling about what have you
done or decided in the past. It is like saying sorry to yourself or someone else. When
expressing regret, people commonly put a good intention or attitude to do better and to not
make the same mistake anymore. For example, they will say:

o Im sorry. I didnt mean that.

o I regret on what I did.

There are so many phrases you can use to express regret. However, you should pay attention
to the situations. The way we express our regret shows determination in our apologizing. We
can just say Sorry! when we bump into someone in the street. In the other hand, it is
not appropriate to say Sorry! when you have done something very wrong. Remember
that the more serious our regret, the more formal we express it.
Example
You can use the following informal phrases to show that your regret is less serious.
Sorry! / Im sorry.
Andre: Hey, did you hear me? I called your name like five times.
Ryan: Im sorry. I was listening to the music.

I didnt mean it.

Billy: Excuse me. You step on my foot.
Diana: Sorry, I didnt mean it.

You can use the following phrases to show that your regret is serious.

I regret....
Teacher: I see your score is falling. Did you prepare for the test?
Student: I regret that I didnt do my best, Sir. Ill study harder for the next exam.

I shouldnt have.

Mom: Willy, where is your little brother? Did you walk him home?
Willy: Oh my god! Im so sorry mom. I shouldnt have left him alone on the street.
Mom: Are you serious? Hes just a child. Go pick your brother now.
Willy: Okay Mom, Im going.

Im very sorry
Sansa: Arya, you spoil your drink on my desk!
Arya: Im very sorry, Sansa. Ill clean it right now. Please dont be mad at me.

You can use the following formal phrases to show that you regret is more serious.
I feel guilty about.
Rizal: I regret that I lied to my mom. I feel guilty about it
Gina: Thats all right. I know she will understand.

I cannot say how regretful I am.

I can't forgive my self for what I have done/said.

You can also use these patterns to show regret:

I wish . (use the past participle)

Examples:
o I wish I could get a higher score for Math. ( I regret getting a low score on Math)
o I wish I had woken up early. (I regret that I did not wake up early)

If I had (hadnt) , I would (wouldnt) have

Examples:
o If I had not gone last night, my dad would not have scolded me. (My dad scolded me
because I had gone last night)
o I would not have been lost, if I had brought the map. (I am lost because I did not bring the
map)

Do you understand?
Example in conversations:
Conversation 1
(Situation: Wulan regrets that she lost her friends notebook.)
Sofie : Wulan, can I take my notebook?
Wulan : Im sorry. I left your book accidently in the library yesterday.
Sofie : How come? What should I do now? We will have an exam tomorrow, wont we?
Wulan : Yes. I regret leaving your book. I shouldnt have done that. Im trying to copy the
note. You can use mine to learn. I am really sorry.
Sofie : Is it okay?
Wulan : Yes, Im okay with that. This is my mistake.
Sofie : Alright. Thank you.

Conversation 2
(Situation: Ivan forgot what his mother asked him.)
Mother : Ivan, Did you bring the cake from Mrs. Liza?
Ivan : Im terribly sorry, mom. I forgot
Mother : Where have you been?
Ivan : I went playing football with friends.
Mother : You know, Mrs. Liza mustve been waiting for us to take that cake.
Ivan : I regret that I forgot it, here.
Mother : You go to her house now, and say that youre sorry. I have to call her.

Key Points
To sum up this lesson:
* Remember that expressing regret means being sorry and asking for an apologize.
* We need to be aware to situation before expressing our regret.
* The more serious mistake that we did, the more serious regret that we show.

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Preventions

4 topik

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Expressing Prevention
Objectives
Basic competence: Responding to the transactional (to get things done), interpersonal, and
sustained conversation accurately and clearly by using expressions of prevention.

Lesson
In this lesson, you will learn some useful daily conversation, understand, and how to use
expressions of prevention.
There are many kinds of expressions in every language, for sure. There are many useful
expressions that someone can use every day.

Using English as a communication tool also requires a speaker, whether you are an English
native speaker or students who learn English as a foreign language, to use various language
expressions. For instance, the expressions of agreement, regret, and prevention. You may
have learned most of them in your school, you may have heard those in movies or songs, or
perhaps you may have used the expressions to communicate with your friends of families.

The language expressions that we are going to learn in this lesson is, the expressions of
prevention. Expressions of prevention are used for preventing, stopping something to
happen or someone from doing something or going somewhere. Preventing means
anticipating. Although it may sound strict to teenagers, anticipating or preventing something
unwanted to happen is just a matter of being cautious or careful. Take for an example, the
traffic rules that are intended to prevent accident, such as wearing helmet when riding
motorcycle and buckle up when driving.

People, especially in English-speaking environment, are very familiar with these expressions,
especially children. Children have been exposed to these since they are little kids. Take for
instance, when their parents always say, be careful in many kinds of situation. They also
have heard these expressions at school where many rules are applied, for example, it is
forbidden to bring any dangerous stuff such as knives or chain.

There are some useful expressions to express about prevention, such as:
You cant .
You mustnt .
Youd better not .

Look at the example of using the expressions of prevention on the dialogue below:
Bagas : Andi, have you prepared for the test tomorrow?
Andi : No, I havent. Perhaps Ill copy someones answers in the test.
Bagas : You mustnt do that! Thats not a right thing to do.
Andi : But I dont have any time to study.
Bagas : Youd better not try to cheat. Study now, there is still time to prepare.

In the dialogue above, you can see some expressions of prevention when Bagas try to prevent
Andi to cheat on the test. In doing so, he said you mustnt and youd better not.
There are some other expressions of prevention you can use:
* Youre not supposed to
* I dont think you should

Too see the use of the expressions mentioned above, study the dialogue below:
Sarah : I think I need to skip school today.
Risa : I dont really think you should do that without any reasons.

Do You Understand?
We also can find the expressions of prevention in many other places in any other forms, such
as in products advices, television advertisements, campaigns, posters, and signs. Look at the
sign below.

image source: personal property

Key Points
Here, you have learned about the expressions of prevention. There are several things you
should note about:
* Expressions of prevention are used in many kinds of situation in daily life; spoken and
written.
* It is used especially to prevent something bad from happening.
* Examples of spoken prevention are advice and warning.
* Advice is a soft prevention because it includes persuasive and encouraging manner.
Somehow, this type of prevention leaves some room to the person who are persuaded or
encouraged to make her/ his own decision. Of course, there will be consequences to the
decision made.
* Warning and prohibition are stricter. These usually apply to rules and regulation and doesn't
leave some space for bargaining or for individual consideration.

* Examples of written prevention can be in forms of ads, posters, signs, etc.

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Understanding Narrative Text: Play

Objective
Basic competence: Understanding and responding to the meaning of a monologue text which
uses the oral expressions accurately, clearly, and acceptable in daily conversation

Lesson
In this lesson, you will learn how to understand and how to respond to the meaning of a text,
in the form of a narrative storya play or drama script.

Understanding narrative text: Play

Basically, what you will read in this lesson is a play/ drama script. This script is used as a
guideline to a storyline that drama players will act out on a stage. The composition of a play
script is very similar to that of a narrative text. As a review, a narrative text is a text
functioning to tell the readers an amusing story. Its purposes are to entertain and to gain
readers interests. It can also be used to persuade or to deliver ones ideas. A narrative text
consists of complication or problematic events and the resolution. A narrative text can be
both fiction (novels, short stories) and non-fiction (memoirs, news). It uses imaginative and
expressive language to keep the readers interested, and to successfully deliver the stories and
the feelings.

Language Feature

In constructing a narrative text, besides generic structure, you should pay attention to its
language features as follows:
the use of adjectives to illustrate the characters and the atmosphere;
the use of time connectors and conjunctions to chronologically sequence events;
 the use of adverbs and adverbial phrases to locate the particular incidents or events;
the use of past tense action verbs to indicate the actions in a narrative.

Do You Understand?
A play

What differentiates a play is that in the play, there are many parts of dialogues among the
characters to describe what was happening in the story; it is also used by actors in a drama
performance. Hence, you have to pay more attention to the dialogues to understand the story.
Look at an example of a play script titled The queen named Elia below.

Key Points
In conclusion, there are several things you should note about in a narrative text:
a narrative text, it doesnt matter what the type is (including drama/ play script) is a kind of
text aimed to amuse and to entertain readers;
a narrative text has their own generic structures and language features;
a play script is a kind of a narrative text which is not only containing a story but also
including dialogues, guides of acts, guides of setting, for the characters to act out and crew to
prepare set and properties.

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Writing Narrative Text

Learning Objectives
Learners are able to understand the concept of writing narrative text.
Learners are able to differentiate the generic structure of narrative text.
Learners are able to arrange narrative text.

Writting Narrative Teks

The purpose of writing narrative is to amuse or entertain the readers. The story is a
light-thinking story. Most people love narratives, both children and adults. It is because
narratives can bring you excitement through unlimited imagination.
 To write a narrative, the writer needs to build the storyline, settings, and of course the
characters. Writing narratives is different with academic writing. In academic writing, the
text has to be based on empirical evidences or real facts; whereas narrative writing is based
on the writers imagination.

In writing narratives, the writer must be aware of the generic structure and the linguistic
features. The generic structure involves orientation, compilation and resolution.

The Generic Structure of Narrative Texts

Orientation:

The function of orientation is to introduce the characters and the settings of the story.
Characters are those who are involved in the story. They can be human, animal or creature.
Settings are the introduction of the environment and situation in the story. Setting of place
describes the environment that sets the story. And setting of time is the description of the
time that sets the story.

Compilation:

The function of compilation is to make to add spirit to the story by giving conflict that
appears within the characters. The conflict might be followed by rising problem that leads to
the climax.
The easiest way to create conflict can be seen as follow:

The main character versus himself.

The main character versus another character.
The main character versus several characters.
The main character versus a group of people.

Resolution:

The function of resolution is as the problem solving. It provides the solution of the problem.
This is the ending of the story. It can be happy ending or sad ending.

The Language Feature of Narrative Texts

The linguistic features concern on the use of the Noun and the tense of the language that is
simple past.

The use of noun to show the characters, such as the cats, the deer, the monkey, the
crocodile, etc.
The use of action verbs in form of past tense. It is because usually the story took place in
past time, such as lived, ate, drank, thought, said, asked, answered, and so on.
The use of to be in form of past tense (was and were)

Do You Understand?
To enhance your understanding about narrative text, please read the following passage.
Once upon a time in a Borneo jungle, there lived a group of honeybees who built their hive
on a top branch of jack fruit tree. They were led by a wise queen. They had a neighbor, a
gecko who stayed on a big broken branch in the middle stem of the tree.

In summer, the tree produced a lot of ripe jack fruits. The honeybees loved the fruit
because they were sweet; they could use it to make honey. The smell of the fruits attracted
insects to come approach. The gecko could easily catch them and satisfy his hunger every
day.

In rainy season, the rain made the ripe jack fruits rotten. The rotten fruits could not hang
on the branch and fall into the ground. This condition made the insects went away because
there were no sweet jack fruits anymore. This situation was a great lost for the gecko because
he could not get easy meals as usual.

He began to think if he could steal honey from the hive to satisfy his hunger because he
thought it would be easy and yummy. The gecko did his plan. He entered the hive without
permission and suddenly the angry bees came out; they were ready to attack him together.
The gecko ran away and scared to death.

Luckily, the queen bee warned her army not to sting him. She flew to the gecko and said
to him, Why didnt you ask for honey to us? We would be happy to give some honey to you
if you asked us. Before the wise queen flew away into her hive, she gave a jar of honey to
the gecko. The gecko couldnt say a word. He felt ashamed of what he did. He cried and said
sorry to the queen be and her bees.

Key Points
Here are several things you should remember in writing a narrative.
In writing a narrative story, pay attention to the plot (how events in the story runs).
Use appropriate language features.
Observation or research can be done for inspiration.

Adverbial Clause of Time
Learning Objective
Understand the form and uses of adverbial clause of time; especially within a context of
writing narrative texts.

Adverb of Time and Adverbial Clause of

Time
Adverbial clause of time states when an action happens. It is usually shown through the
use of adverb of time in the clause. To show adverb of time, you can use subordinate
conjunctions:
 Words that introduce adverb of clauses are called subordinating conjunctions. Those
subordinate conjunctions cannot stand alone, on their own. They must be attached to an
independent clause. An adverb clause of time can come before and after the main clause.
When it comes before the main clause, it is usually separated with comma. It does not need
comma, when the adverb clause goes after the main clause.

Example 1:

When Snow White was staring at the sky, the evil witch came across. (with comma)
The evil witch came across when Snow White was staring at the sky. (no comma)

In the sentence, the clause When Snow White was staring at the sky indicates the time
when the evil witch came.

Example 2:

Cinderella finished her work before she came to the party.

Before she came to the party,** Cinderella finished her work.

In this sentence, the clause before she came to the party indicates the time when she has
successfully finished her work.

Example 3:
* As soon as he finished his homework, he went home.
* He went home as soon as he finished his homework.

The clause As soon as he finished his homework reveals the time when he went home.

The bold clauses are adverb clauses. They are dependent clauses because they cannot stand
alone as a sentence. They need other sentences which are called independent clauses (see the
italic sentences)

Do You Understand?
In the following section, you will learn how adverbial clause of time is used in composing
narrative texts. Read the paragraph carefully and notice the use of the clause.

Once upon a time in a small cottage in a village, there live an old man and an old
woman. They lived happily though they do not have children. One day, they decided to make
gingerbread. She carefully mixed the batter, rolled out the dough, and cut out a very nice
gingerbread man. She added sugar icing for his hair, mouth, and clothes, and she used candy
chips for buttons and eyes. The old woman put him in the oven to bake. After he was fully
done, she slowly opened the oven door. As soon as the oven door opened, the gingerbread
man jumped up saying, Run ... run ... as fast as you can. You cant catch me. Im the
gingerbread man. The old man and the old woman ran after him, but they could not catch
him.

Some clauses that are used in the above story are: Once upon a time, After, As soon as.
Once upon a time is used to write the beginning of a story.
After and as soos as, are used to write moments or events that happen in the story based on
chronological order.

The adverbial clauses of time that are used in the story of Gingerman are:
1. Once upon a time in a small cottage in a village, ....
2. After he was fully done, ....
3. As soon as the oven door opened, ....

Key Points
1. In writing a story (narrative text), you need to use specific writing techniques, including using
past tense and inserting adverbial clause of time that indicates order of events occuring in
the past.
2. The clauses are used to make the plot runs progressively from the beginning of the story to
the end.
3. It is important to insert the adverbial clause of time smartly. Mark the transition from one
event to another using the right clause.
4. Sequencing or putting event or moments in the story is important to make a good plot.