XEROSTOMIA

Taylor Piper Jasmyne Fine Tang Blanton

WHAT IS XEROSTOMIA?
Xerostomia is the condition of dry mouth due
to hyposalivation.
We normally produce 2-4 pints of saliva
each day.
WHAT IS XEROSTOMIA?
Saliva
Lubricates the mouth
Digests carbohydrates
Cleanses food debris
Inhibits bacterial growth
Buffers bacterial acids
Remineralizes teeth
COMMON SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Excessive thirst
Bad breath (halitosis)
Dry, hoarse throat
Chapped lips
Swollen, corrugated
tongue
Recurrent caries, even
with optimal hygiene
CAUSES OF XEROSTOMIA
Medications
Autoimmune diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Nerve trauma
Radio- and chemotherapy
CAUSES OF XEROSTOMIA
Medications
Many medications list dry mouth as a side effect
LIPITOR
Amoxicillin
Vicodin
Antihistamines
TYLENOL
CAUSES OF XEROSTOMIA
Autoimmune diseases
May damage the salivary glands
Sjgren's (SHOW-grins) syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Graves Disease and Hashimotos thyroiditis
CAUSES OF XEROSTOMIA
Diabetes mellitus
Type 1 and Type 2
Damages blood
vessels.
Excessive urination
causing chronic
dehydration.
CAUSES OF XEROSTOMIA
Nerve trauma
Damage to the
nerves that innervate
the salivary glands
can impair the
function of those
glands
CAUSES OF XEROSTOMIA
Cancers of the head
and neck
Radiation and
chemotherapy
damage
surrounding
mucous and
glandular tissues.
CONSULT YOUR DENTIST
Ask your dentist or physician about xerostomia
if you have...
Persistent oral dryness or pain
Frequent caries
Type 1 or 2 diabetes
Autoimmune disease
SOLUTIONS
Avoid tobacco and alcohol
Drink water
Chew sugarless gum
SOLUTIONS
Avoid tobacco and alcohol
Drink water
Chew sugarless gum
Xylitol
SOLUTIONS
Avoid tobacco and alcohol
Drink water
Chew sugarless gum
Xylitol
More than 100g per day may
cause diarrhea.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Saliva Replacement: Biotne, Mouth Kote
Rinse, spray, or gel
Xylitol to prevent tooth decay
Analgesics to relieve discomfort
Parasympathetic agonists
Pilocarpine, Cevimeline
Acupuncture
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Pilocarpine and Cevimeline
Stimulate parasympathetic nerves of
hypofunctioning salivary glands
Counteract xerostomia caused by:
Sjgren's syndrome
Radiation therapy
Nausea, excessive sweating
Avoid if you have asthma, glaucoma,
or poor liver function
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Acupuncture
Regular acupuncture relieves xerostomia
Long term benefits when administered simultaneously
with radiotherapy treatment
UP AND COMING TREATMENTS
Electrostimulation

Hyperbaric
Oxygen Therapy

Stem Cell
Regeneration
ELECTROSTIMULATION
Electrical current delivered
through oral mucosa
Brief stimulation of nerves
that induce salivation
Improved salivation lasts
multiple hours
SaliPen
Mouthguard
Dental implant
ELECTROSTIMULATION
Electrical current delivered
through oral mucosa
Brief stimulation of nerves
that induce salivation
Improved salivation lasts
multiple hours
SaliPen
Mouthguard
Dental implant
HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY

Pressurized chamber delivers oxygen to injured tissues

Currently used for osteoradionecrosis (ORN)
Prevents ischemia and tissue necrosis
Reduces risk of bacterial infection
Promotes wound healing and revascularization
Ear popping and mild discomfort, but otherwise painless
HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY

Pressurized chamber delivers oxygen to injured tissues

Currently used for osteoradionecrosis (ORN)
Prevents ischemia and tissue necrosis
Reduces risk of bacterial infection
Promotes wound healing and revascularization
Ear popping and mild discomfort, but otherwise painless
Undergoing study as a treatment for damaged salivary glands
Most effective within 1 year of radiotherapy, when injury is
recent and tissues are still undergoing recovery
STEM CELL REGENERATION
Stem cells in salivary glands
allow them to regenerate after
injury.
Radiation therapy damages
salivary gland stem cells,
preventing tissue
regeneration.
Stem cell transplant restores
tissue regeneration and
salivary function.
REFERENCES
1. Baharvand, M., Khodadoustan, A., Mohammadi, M., Mortazavi, H., & Movahhedian, A. (2014). Xerostomia due to systemic
disease: A review of 20 conditions and mechanisms. Annals Of Medical And Health Sciences Research, 4(4), 503.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.139284
2. Colorado, B., & Wu, H. (2013). Acupuncture for the relief of odynophagia and xerostomia after chemoradiation therapy in
oropharyngeal cancer: a case report. J Cancer Ther Res, 2(1), 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2049-7962-2-8
3. Mayoclinic.org,. (2015). Dry mouth - Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 24 November 2015, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/dry-mouth/basics/definition/con-20035499
4. Nidcr.nih.gov,. (2015). Dry Mouth (Xerostomia). Retrieved 24 November 2015, from
http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/OralHealth/Topics/DryMouth/
5. Oralcancerfoundation.org,. (2015). Hyperbaric Oxygen and Osteoradionecrosis - The Oral Cancer Foundation. Retrieved
30 November 2015, from http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/dental/hyperbaric.php
6. Pringle, S., Van Os, R., & Coppes, R. (2013). Concise Review: Adult Salivary Gland Stem Cells and a Potential Therapy
for Xerostomia. STEM CELLS, 31(4), 613-619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.1327
REFERENCES
8. Reiger, J. (2012). Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of xerostomia: A review of the literature. Canadian
Journal of Dental Hygiene, 46 (3) 159-165.
9. Saliwell,. (2015). | SaliPen - Dry Mouth Treatment. Retrieved 24 November 2015, from http://saliwell.com/salipen-dry-
mouth-cure/
10. Wynn, R., Meiller, T., & Crossley, H. (2013). Drug information handbook for dentistry. [Hudson, Ohio]: Lexicomp.
11. Xylitolpreventscavities.com,. (2015). Xylitol dosing - How much is needed for optimal anti-cavity protection? |
XylitolPreventsCavities.com. Retrieved 30 November 2015, from http://www.xylitolpreventscavities.com/amount/xylitol-
regimen.html