Stat 401, Introduction to Probability Handout-02, August 30, 2006
Mathematical Symbol Table
Greek Hebrew Boldface Sans Serif Blackboard Script Gothic Name small Capital Name a A a A A A a A Alpha A Aleph b B b B B B b B Beta B Beth c C c C C C c C Gamma Gimmel d D d D D D d D Delta Daleth e E e E E E e E Epsilon or E f F f F F F f F Zeta Z g G g G G G g G Eta H h H h H H H h H Theta or i I i I I I i I Iota I j J j J J J j J Kappa K k K k K K K k K Lambda l L l L L L l L Mu M m M m M M M m M Nu N Nabla n N n N N N n N Xi p P p P P P p P Omicron o O q Q q Q Q Q q Q Pi or r R r R R R r R Rho or P s S s S S S s S Sigma or t T t T T T t T Tau T u U u U U U u U Upsilon v V v V V V v V Phi or w W w W W W w W Chi X x X x X X X x X Psi y Y y Y Y Y y Y Omega z Z z Z Z Z z Z Logic Functions x for all x... f : XY f is a function from X to Y x there exists an x such that... f : X x
y Y f is a function from X to Y ! x there exists a unique x such that... mapping element x to element y x there does not exist any x... f : X Y X Y, and f is the identity map, A = B if A, then B, or, A implies B taking x X to x Y A = B if B, then A, or, B implies A f :XY f is an injective function from X to Y A B A if and only if B, or, f :XY f is a surjective function from X to Y A is equivalent to B Id The identity map: Id(x) = x for all x. TFAE The Following Are Equivalent... 11 The constant unity: 11(x) = 1 for all x. 2 Q.E.D. End of Proof. f 1 {y} {x X ; f (x) = y}; the bre over y
or
Contradiction. or preimage of y (where f : XY) Set Theory AB A is a subset of B AB A is a subset of B, and possibly A = B. ie. if a A, then a B also. AB The disjoint union: A B = A B, AB The Cartesian product of A and B: with the assertion that A B = . A B = {(a, b) ; a A & b B}
An A1 A 2 A 3 . . . An A1 A 2 A 3 . . . n=1 n=1
An A1 A 2 A 3 . . . An A1 A 2 A 3 . . . n=1 n=1 A\B The dierence of A from B: AB The symmetric dierence: A \ B = {a A ; a B} AB = (A \ B) (B \ A)