PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE SIMPLE PAST

Sub + Aux (Have/has) + verb in Past
AFFIRMATIVE/POSITIVE
Participle + Compl.
EXAMPLE they have studied today
Sub + Aux (Have/has) + not + verb
NEGATIVE
in Past Participle + Compl.
CONTINUOUS
Sub + Aux 1 (Have/has) + Aux 2
(been) + main verb (-ing) + Sub + verb in past + complement
Compl.
She went to the door.
Sub + Aux 1 (Have/has) + not +
Sub + aux (did) + not + Infinitive
Aux 2 (been) + main verb (-ing)
Verb + complement
+ Compl.

Jenny's been helping us

EXAMPLE I have not eaten breakfast today He didn't like the movie.
recently.

Aux 1 (Have/has) + Sub + Aux 2

Have/has + Sub + verb in Past
YES/NO QUESTION
Participle + Compl. + ?
have they studied English grammar
EXAMPLE
before?
Wh word + Have/has + Sub + verb
WH QUESTION
in Past Participle + Compl. + ?
EXAMPLE where have I left my umbrella?
Aux (Did) + sub + Infinitive Verb +
(been) + main verb (-ing) +
complement + ?
Compl. + ?
Did you play tennis last week?
Has he been cooking?
Wh Word + Aux 1 (Have/has) +
Wh Word + Aux (Did) + sub +
Sub + Aux 2 (been) + main verb
Infinitive Verb + complement + ?
(-ing) + Compl. + ?
What did you eat for dinner?
what have I been doing?

We use the Present Perfect We use the Past Simple tense to talk
We use the Present Perfect Simple
Continuous to talk about: about an action or a situation - an
USE to talk about:
1. past action recently- event - in the past. The event can
1. Unspecified point in the past
stopped be short or long:
 2. An action that occurred in the 2. past action still-continuing 1. the event is in the past
past, but has a result in the 2. the event is completely finished
present (now) 3. we say (or understand)
3. Talking about general the time and/or place of the event
experiences (ever, never) .
4. Events that recently occurred
(just)
5. Events that have occurred up to
now (yet)
6. Events that occurred before
you expected (already)
7. Events that began in the past
and haven't changed (for,
since)
TIME For, since, already, just, yet, ever,
For, since. For, last year, last night, yesterday.
EXPRESSIONS/ADVERBS never.