Ph.D Qualifying Exam APPLIED DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Spring 2000 MS: Do any 4 of the following 8 problems Ph.D.: Do any 6 of the following 8 problems. 1. Find the solution of (¢)?+(,)? = 1 im a neighborhood of the curve y = x?/2 satisfying the conditions $(x,x?/2) = 0 and ¢,(x,x?/2) > 0. Leave your answer in parametric form. 2, The equations of isotropic, linear elasticity for a homogeneous medium are tue = (A+ W)V(V-u) + edu, where u = (uy, t2,us), V = (0/001,0/d02,0/023), and d and p. are positive constants Use the Ansatz ws FOO) (yo (x,t) + v1(a, t)/k+ +++ + un (a.t)/kY), where |u| = 1 and a and the v,’s to be determined, to construct asymptotic (as k -> 00) solutions to the elastic wave equation travelling at the speeds /X+ 2 and /f. 3. Consider the initial-boundary value problem for u = u(x, y,t) Au ut for (x,y) € [0, 2]?, with periodic boundary conditions and with u(z,y,0) = uo(,y) in which ug is periodic. Find an asymptotic expansion for u for t large with terms tending to zero increasingly rapidly as t + oo. 4. a) Let (r,) be polar coordinates on the plane, i.e. 21 + iv2 = rexp(i®). Solve the boundary value problem Au = 0 in r <1, du/dr = f(0) on r = 1, beginning with the Fourier series for f (you may assume that f is continuously differentiable). Give your answer as a power series in x1 + iz plus a power series in x1 — ira. There is a necessarycondition on f for this boundary value problem to be solvable that you will find in the course of doing this. b) Sum the series in part a) to get a representation of w in the form 2m u(r,0) N(r,0— 6") f(@")a6". 5. Look for a traveling wave solution to the PDE ute + (u)ex = —Useee of the form u(x,t) = v(x — ct). In particular, you should find an ODE for v. Under the assumption that v goes to a constant as |x| -> 00, describe the form of the solution. 6. a) Consider the system of O.D.E,’s in R2" given in vector notation by de dt F(lel?)p and & = — F(a? plx, dt where = (11,...,2n), P = (Pis---,Pn), and f is a positive, smooth function on R. We use the notation +p = 2p; +++: + @nPn; |x|? = 2+ a and |p|? = p-p. Show that || is increasing with t when p-« > 0 and decreasing with t when p-x < 0, and that H(c,p) = f(\2|*)|pl? is constant on solutions of the system. (b) Suppose f(s)/s has a critical value at s = r?. Show that solutions with 2(0) on the sphere || = r and p(0) perpendicular to (0) must remain on the sphere |x| = r for all t. [Compute d(p-)/dt and use part a).] 7. Suppose that u = u(x) for © € R° is biharmonic; that: . that A?u = A(Au) = 0. Show (42)? [ u(x)ds() = u(0) + (r?/6)Au(0) lal: through the following steps: a) Show that for any smooth f, 2b) Show that for any smooth f (apary(anrry [ Feds) = (ane? n-Vf(z,y)ds Isler in which n is the outward normal to the circle |z| = r. ©) Use step (b) to show that (d/dr)(4nr?) Ih 4) Combine steps (a) and (c) to obtain the final result. f(a)ds(e) = (4ar2)-? [ Af(a)de lelsr 8. a) Show that for a smooth function f on the line, while u(z,t) = f(t + 2|)/l2| may look like a solution of the wave equation ug = Au in three space dimensions, it actually is not. Do this by showing that for any smooth function ¢(z,#) with compact support Jocgtlerblda~ Adddeat = 4x f o(o,nys(ae een In Note that, setting r Aw =1-3(r?w,)- |, for any function function w which only depends on r one has 2 re + By b) If f(0) = f'(0) = 0, what is the true solution to ue = Au with the initial conditions ‘u(x,0) = f(|z|)/|x} and us(x,0) = f'({e)/|