1 Theory Spl ecories mrt nlyring te uses sent Te emp” SSSR SAS ae Wa seen esa ‘etic machines ix eombined wih the mags. 1.1 Introduction order ours he concept of space vector its plo start fom observing ihe tutte on let machine that eden by ater phase cument “Ancleetie machines wl composed ofr aba tr. Usual stator isthe ater pa ofthe ‘tochine wit windings which reconnected o he hee-phas rd to generate arottng magnetic el. Different rotors te availble in dfn! ypes of machines However, te strc of he stati shoo ‘he same. na thee phase machine with one pole pai, ee copper windings are embeded in the sas of the stator iron srt, The follwing figure shows ove dsrbuced winding ofthe sar wih ‘siplifieddeawing Figure |. One of the dstibted windings ia machine stator Ina dstibuted winding the copper wit tums ar not wiry dsb along the stor ccunstanee ‘This amangenet is se for generating» magetic eld with sinusoidal dsiboton log the tor mer “reumstance. Fora the pase machine wth one ple pa the simplified winding sttre shown in the oloing ig Cs) why @ har?Elec! Cot Burkle eh) a Figure 2. Wining in an cectrie machine “Tacs windings reorganized with 120° angle ifrence inthe physical space Berween cach ter On the ih sie ofthe gute ae iste ia a implied way, where» winding roped with an inductor. “The wowed ins atached to the winding define he dictions ft curatin th windings in fr ‘ot vetr The tne curentcurnt nated ad. The estar agnities are egal he urea magnitudes, respectively eins notes the esto dretions re not he desons ofthe pyscl cures Mowing in tbe vindings. The vec defied with ietion ar nly wed fr analysis. Ata crn time pote the ces inthe thos windings have the detions and values s shown in Figue 3, the could be summarized together using vector ation. The ress yy + fy 8 shown in hegre je. BE tS int tin ah Oe Lye FO e ok = € = costed sing, Figue 3 Addon of the een vectors Ey Bo) ' Dis eise Z erplet f w) Gas © teas 3tye Ty cos (Ut rh) oy ale ws(utrde oat! Gyr Tg os lots gaa th ) et : a # ame I aCe eos (ut soles pa (ote “Ee Rescoeedge tf) Pianasjunn: anes 3) {-\- 4) Gy +O : yes ee ate Re sam) Egle eto) BME x ~% ae COKE) « Cosk coo e sina sind SIAR) © Sinn cost sinh sa Re Lima)eT, (cos (ets &) HY (eset Cul + sitlet ete )- 4) oy Leas toet CAD sintotet) Gy) = AT, os(ut+e) La linn) SL, sinuerte) HB Ly CL eesiwerdy) 14 sa loerg)) eee 2 wot+@) “oe1.5. Space vector for other quantities Actual any thease quantities could be resented a pce vectors, iia fe cores the Treas ri vole i rie in pace vets we Fy taruy ta) wel w Based on this definition, the sinusoidal hes phase voltage pi othe machi, the length the ‘alge space vector el the pk ao he pase va ata Wy ta) = Weel m 1.6. Clarke transformation Using pce ests tis sly expe the he pase components ina mor coin mune Hee wetae eM sth eanple Fa oer quits he comept the sae. fad on equsion (7) ah ing Eales ama fr ay en ye Yh eve B= Veo +s) “hese and imaginary pas can be separ and even as Ye Re( Ve) =3 (0-30 Eve) Ye = Im (ys) =2(0+2 ye — Fy) This immed Cate Tatoo. o Using Clarke antonio hee phase components ate ransfrmed ino two-nersion! coordinate system, We name of-coordinae system, shown nthe lowing ewe ” Figue 6 Space vector in of oordint syste Here the «axis coincides wth vector and fanss perpendicular fo ais, Foran ele machin, his coordinate rystem ted onthe stator Is there, ale stator coolinate system,Bsn tse sation) ten mtr le ceo a0 ages in the following Se. be In general the Clarke rasfonmaion of thee phase quits, v and defined l= van all co Ba fo a3. -1V3) 1.7. Park’s transformation ‘Sometines its more convenient to analyze the machine ia oan coowiat systems shown inthe following fee Ops Ya cosery, sia FMS Goes Figure 8, Space vector nd coordinate stem, Here the door sytem rotates sound the conn coordinate rgin. At ceain ine point the bye LCosteteg, J+ sinter) . Toto Crete 3B) | i Tp exseten) ens Lutnde WE) (pele sisotag, ) ws To ib e-ot i +f.) Sinoe Ly rl, (er eerg) eevee SE a} ) cos(vt) cong, - simvtysing, — [sinvt O84, + sing, coset) = T, (cof (ot) eosdy + sialoe) esr sing, as hoe) ese, « Bs fo eTo(l eset) + sider) 9%) 21, ody ty I, 9% \n L, 28 @o2 Exercises 2.1. Exercise 1 Please refer the theory part f tis exercise and use proper equations 1 salve the flowing questions. 2.1.1 Question 1 ‘Given the volges ina dhee-hase system (120° pase diference been very Wo Vola: ar, plese drive the expen ofthe vllge space vector npr coord system, 2.1.2 Question 2 In thre pase system, st cersn ine the phase eens are by = 1D (AD iy = =7 Aly = 30, a8) ase calelt the spac vector this tine pin. 2.13 Question 3 ‘ma twee pase elect machine aa ceria ine, the magnetic faxes ta ae ened by the ee has wining are He 0.1 (WE) Yu = -02 WD) y = 03 (WD). a) Please 1) draw the tre stor the tre phase coordinate system 2) clea the flax pace vector this tie pin: ant 3) wth Mux components inthe of-oordate system (Cake transformation. 22 )Bxercise 2 221. Problem ‘tsps ceti machine with on pl piston in Pig 2 come ih he re pase porwr git Te mnng come Vepigy te pn dscomectel =) pe {ve reps ft pce eros nde hw the pce el on ene be folowing sotto 1 The etal ei comected (pos thether wocurent art af) 2 These ne bce 4 “e Me 222 Solon to question {ie gn ot by = lo cos(wt), - tomiy-en(ot 20) wea Aconding tthe definion the pace vectors ¥2 2 Flag ta eiy Fay) Lure (coma +o 5 con(at~2)) “To secthe njstar ofthe space vector in the complex ple, we daw a sre of spe stor some ime pons. Firs, we aus the and f-curens at these tine points he death eet pons the graph “Toble 1. Magnes of the a an erent tx ine pois [ef a = as 8 comp ease a) ea 5 “6 | bel | Ga] a Ss eh ec ttre ‘The space vector ject shown in Figure 9 nthe fig, he ed segments stan forthe six instances ofthe pce vector withthe values in Tale I The ble elliptic isthe trajectory of thespace veto. And the geen circles the space vetrtajectary ofthe deal moor caren. ae Fig 9. Trajectory ofthe fx pace vector be ofthe clecre machine wih a dieonmeted phase Another sod to daw the aeons veto atin, Fy, the agit of thew and = ‘urent afcaeuued and shown in Table 2. Then, for every pony, he wo vers a de te the ‘eco ation, pease don't forget to rede the length ofthe rummy vector y 1/3, carding the space vector defnion. Using this method the same elie shawn nthe above fp can be one, {0o,Tis method duces the eft in alesaton bt neteases moe wok in awing ‘Tuble 2, Magitdes of the o- and cents tix tie pins Le . ca Ta 7 a Thy T ia 12 7 oe 1 cL 7 2 aft 02.2.3 Solution to question 2 ‘Since th neta ine st cones phase wn var sty connected in series. Therefore they have ‘he same vale an ifient ection. The erent ngnides ofthe he pase ar fg = feeostut), Se, Vv. og “ According to he definition, the pace estos 2 - Beta batly (ig—ah) ‘Thus thie vector wih variable lng and fixed angle of, The length as the maximum valu at ‘or O and. Th rman length is 24, salle that the ideal pace vector. The recive ofthe ‘Space veetor with broken phase and that of the idea pace vesor are shown i the flowing gure Figure 10. Trajectory ofthe ax space vector (el of he lec machine witha dconnected phase {uta ie not connected) 2.3. Exercise 3 2.3.1 Problem ‘A twophas lsc machin aso windings a showa inthe following Figure. They are perpendicular tocachother ithe space pase I he the cue = es(t) and phase 2 has there sin(o) please 1. the concept of space veto, transform the two caret int the complex lane (space vector ‘ofthe two-phase stem),2 dese the njctry ofthe space vector, ad 3. consder the advantage and disltantags of he wor plase machine compar wi ates hake machine poset yr ae ys oe Figur, Stator windings fa two-phase machine 23.2. Solution of question 1 Space vector i actully defined fr toe phase quis. Ls possible wo ws he sae ie to analysis the ewo-phase system, % faster cos + sinot(e0s% + sin) = cosut + sinwt(0+) ot 23.3 Solution of question 2 “This result means hat the wo phate cleric machin alo generate 2 eating eutet vector with constant speed an constant length, The machine tha as constant rotating magnet fel 23.4 Solution of question 3 Inthe eat 2 century two-phase system was wed. Compare ote phase system wr phase system ‘eile. For ansfering two-phase power, our or tee wires are Be used thes wie are wed the camimon wre caries mre cent than the cierto and his ust be thier. Furthermore, power ‘taser ina thee phase pcm with balanced load is ely constant. These reasons ake theese system more advantageous than two-phase syste. 2.4 Exercise 4 “This exes is beyond the as reuirement ofthe lest Wonly serves as extended materia help snertanding the pce vector concep. 24.1 Problem ‘A machine wih topo pirs shown nthe allowing ewe Each phase has to vinings, which are onmeced in seve. The windings of the thc pss ae connected wih "" oplow. The definition of the poitive directions of caret and magnetic x are aiven in the gure Both vouge and ure of the machine aren sinusoidal for, The cures ithe windings ae defined in equation (4). 2