Applied Differential Equations, PRIN 42007 Each problem below is worth 10 points, so there are 80 points possible on this examination. Please start each problem on a new page. 1. Consider minimizer w of the energy functional 1 ae [ean? 3 fu-# e+} [Contes where both u and f are periodic on the 2-torus. ‘The above energy represents & Teast squares fit to the data f while having a relatively small size for the ‘bending? energy of u, represented by che Z? norm ofthe Laplacian, (a) Show that the Buler- Lagrange equation for a is -(J - ) +AA?u=0. (b) Compute a solution ofthis problem in terms of a Fourier series expansion. (c) Discuss how the high frequeney modes depend on the value of A which imparts some smoothing to u. E(u) 2. Find all solutions to the boundary value problem Au = z in z?+y? <1, @u/dr = y on z* + y? = 1, Polar coordinates are useful here. In polar coordinates a au. 18u Aue ae ae) + BF 3. Consider the system YOK )C), a In thedonsiny> 0,20 <2 <2 -00 <1 < eo Pid i) all boundary conditions of the form a(z)u(z,0)-+b(z)o(z,0) — 0 such that the energy B= if Bayt) +e, y,t)dedy foo remains constant for solutions of (+), and ii) find all boundary conditions of that form for which E(¢) does not increase as too. 4, Suppose that Au ~0 in a bounded domain D and that u € C°(D). Show that, Vu? takes its maximum value in D on the boundary of D. [Consider A(|Vul?),] 5. Consider the equation uct (u%)z = au’, with a > O and with initial condition 0 if [2] >1 wz,0)= (itz if-1<2<0 l-2 f0 0 and y €R. Find 7, the largest number such that w(y,) is finite for 0 R. If the derivative of ¢(a) does not vanish for al < R, show that FE)= f ra(a)da satisfies [F(k)| < Cwk-™ for all N for some sequence of constants Cry. b) Consider the solution to Au+ Ku = 0 given by ules) = etetvervone-oeada, where a(a) i asin part a). Show that ju(z, | < Ciyk™" for all Non 2?-+y? <1 ©) Suppose that a(a) = 0 for Jal > x. Show that wok) = 22) [ereay vote) a8 k + 00. 8. The porous media equation in R” is uy = Au”, m>1.Consider a similarity solution of the form t~U(2/¢#) where U is nonnegative. (a) Compute the values of a and 8 depending on the dimension of space (hint the PDE conserves {u(z,t)dz) (b) Show that. U(n) satisfies an elliptic PDE of the form CU + Can WU + A(U™) =. Compute C, and CO; in terms of a and 8. () Find a family of radially symmetric solutions of the PDE in (b). Use the fact. that for radially symmetric f(r), Vf = feF and Af = for + 1 f,, where Fis the unit veetor pointing outward from the origin, and n is dimension of space. (q) Find the special solution with unit mass, [u(z,¢)de