ENEE3521 Synchronous Machine Problems

1. A 480V, 4-pole, 60Hz, 1 synchronous motor operates with rated voltage, 50A current, and unity power
factor at its input terminals. Assuming that the motor is ideal and that the excitation energy required to
operate the motor is negligible, calculate the following quantities.
a. The motor output drive shaft torque. (127.324N-m)
b. The motor output drive shaft power in HP. (32.185HP)
c. The motor input current if the power factor changes to 0.8 leading. (62.5A)

2. In Europe, the standard power system AC frequency is 50Hz instead of 60Hz. In a special application an
American made machine designed to be powered from 60Hz 3 AC supply must be operated from a
European 50Hz 3 AC supply. One method of accomplishing the required power frequency conversion is to
operate a 3 AC synchronous motor powered from the 50Hz 3 AC supply and then couple the drive shaft
of this motor to the drive shaft of a 3 AC synchronous generator that will output 60Hz AC power. The key
to creating the desired 50Hz to 60Hz frequency conversion with the two synchronous machines is to select
their number of poles appropriately.
a. Determine the minimum number of poles (per phase) of both the 3 synchronous motor and the 3
synchronous generator required to perform the 50Hz to 60Hz AC power conversion. (5 poles, 6 poles)
b. Calculate the speed of the drive shaft that couples the motor and generator together. (1200rpm)

3. A steam turbine driven 3 AC synchronous generator is rated 10MVA, 60Hz, 13.8KV, 0.8 lagging power
factor. The stator has 2-poles per phase, is Y-connected, has per phase winding resistance of 1.5, and has
per phase winding synchronous reactance of 12. The generator is connected to an electric utility grid and
operates at rated conditions. Calculate the following generator quantities. Assume that friction and windage
and core heating losses are negligible.
a. Internal armature induced voltage. (12.0449KV L-N , 20.8623KV L-L)
b. Torque angle. (17.589)
c. Real and reactive power output. (8MW, 6MVAR)
d. Drive shaft speed, power in HP, and torque. (3600rpm, 11,784HP, 23,309.965N-m)
e. If the generator is -connected instead of Y-connected, then what will the torque angle be? (7.562)

4. A 3 AC synchronous motor is rated 100KW, 50Hz, 480V, 0.85 leading power factor, 91% efficiency. The
stator has 4-poles per phase, is -connected, has per phase winding resistance of 0.25, and has per phase
winding synchronous reactance of 4.4. Assume that the excitation energy required to operate the motor is
negligible. If the motor operates at rated conditions, calculate the following motor quantities.
a. Output drive shaft speed and torque. (1500rpm, 636.620N-m)
b. Input real and reactive power. (109.8901KW, -68.1038KVAR)
c. Motor model internal armature induced voltage phasor. (435.281-27.455V)
d. Input current magnitude. (155.503A)
e. Internally induced mechanical power in HP. (139.258HP)
f. Total internal power loss. (3844.841W)

5. A large 3 AC synchronous generator is rated 140MVA, 1000rpm. The stator has 6-poles per phase, is Y-
connected, has per phase winding resistance of 0.6, and has per phase winding synchronous reactance of
7. The open circuit magnetization characteristics for the machine at 1000rpm are given in the table below.

IEX (A) 0.00 6.25 12.50 18.75 25.00 31.25 37.50 43.75 50.00 56.25 62.50 68.75 75.00
ELLA (KV) 0.00 7.16 14.27 21.15 27.33 30.95 33.66 35.41 36.55 37.70 38.65 39.21 40.05

a. Calculate the drive shaft speed that the generator should be driven at to produce an AC output frequency
of 60Hz. (1200rpm)
b. Calculate the drive shaft speed that the generator should be driven at to produce an AC output frequency
of 50Hz. (1000rpm)
Prepared by Henri Alciatore for the University of New Orleans ENEE3521 Course 2007 Version 03-31-07 Page 1 of 5
ENEE3521 Synchronous Machine Problems

c. Calculate the AC frequency of the generator output voltages when the generator is driven at rated speed.
(50Hz)
d. The generator is operated at rated speed with an excitation current of 20A, and a Y-connected load with
per phase impedance of 2125 is connected its output terminals. Calculate the real and reactive
power output in MW and MVAR being supplied to the load by the generator. (14.962451MW,
6.977106MVAR)

6. A 3 AC synchronous motor is rated 1000HP, 60Hz, 2300V, 0.8 leading power factor. The stator has 2-
poles per phase, is Y-connected, has per phase winding resistance of 0.4, and has per phase winding
synchronous reactance of 2.8. While operating under normal conditions, the machine has 24KW of
friction and windage loss, and has 18KW of core heating loss. The excitation supply for the machine
operates at 200V, and the open circuit magnetization characteristics for the machine at rated speed are given
in the table below.

IEX (A) 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
ELLA (V) 0 690 1255 1813 2026 2210 2378 2500 2608 2643 2788 2860 2874 2880

Assume that rated voltage is applied to the motor input terminals and that the motor input real power
operates at a value equal to the motors rated mechanical output power value converted to Watts.
a. Calculate the motors induced internal armature voltage (1358.231V L-N, 2352.525V L-L)
b. Calculate the motor excitation current. (4.424A)
c. Calculate the motor efficiency. (88.624%)
d. The motor excitation current is changed to 4.645A, and the motor torque angle doesnt change from its
previous value. Calculate the motor input current, power factor, and reactive power. (190.697A,
0.998004 leading, 47.9695KVAR)
e. Calculate the motor drive shaft output power in HP and torque, and the motor efficiency for the
operating condition in part d. (901.876HP, 1783.938N-m, 88.596%)

7. A 3 AC synchronous generator is connected to and supplies a 3 AC synchronous motor. The generator is

rated 375KVA, 480V, 0.8 lagging power factor, and has a Y-connected stator with per phase winding
synchronous reactance of 0.4 and negligible winding resistance. The motor is rated 80KW, 480V, 0.8
leading power factor, and has a Y-connected stator with per phase winding synchronous reactance of 1.1
and negligible winding resistance. The motor input real power operates at a value equal to the motors rated
mechanical output power, and the generator excitation is adjusted to create rated voltage at the
generator/motor terminals.
a. Assuming that the terminal voltage between the two machines in the equivalent circuit is the 0 phase
angle reference in the circuit, calculate the generator model and the motor model internal armature
induced voltage phasors. (281.2749.849V, 307.092-25.521V)
b. Assuming that the motor torque angle doesnt change from its previous value, calculate the terminal
voltage magnitude increase if the motor excitation increases by 10% which causes the motor internal
induced armature voltage magnitude to increase by 10%. (284.54V L-N, 492.838V L-L)
c. Calculate the new power factor at the generator/motor interface terminals. (0.988082 leading)

8. A 3 AC synchronous motor is rated 100KW, 50Hz, 480V, 0.8 leading power factor. The stator has 6-poles
per phase, is Y-connected, has negligible winding resistance, and has per phase winding synchronous
reactance of 1.5. The motors friction, windage, and core heating losses are negligible. The motor is
supplied from a variable frequency drive (VFD). Assuming that the motor operates at rated speed, rated
voltage, rated power factor, and the input real power is the same as the motors rated mechanical output
power, calculate the following quantities.
a. Motor input current and induced internal armature voltage. (141.507A, 428.753V L-N, 742.622V L-L)
b. Reactive power being supplied by the VFD to the motor. (-61.9744KVAR)
c. Output drive shaft power in HP. (134.102HP)
Prepared by Henri Alciatore for the University of New Orleans ENEE3521 Course 2007 Version 03-31-07 Page 2 of 5
ENEE3521 Synchronous Machine Problems

d. Calculate the frequency range that the VFD must output in order to operate the motor over a speed range
of 300rpm to 1000rpm. (15Hz to 50Hz)

9. A 3 AC synchronous generator is rated 1000KVA, 60Hz, 2300V, 0.8 lagging power factor. The stator has
2-poles per phase, is Y-connected, has per phase winding resistance of 0.15, and has per phase winding
synchronous reactance of 1.1. While operating under normal conditions, the machine has 24KW of
friction and windage loss, and has 18KW of core heating loss. The excitation supply for the machine
operates at 200V, and the open circuit magnetization characteristics for the machine at rated speed are given
in the table below.

IEX (A) 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
ELLA (V) 0 690 1287 1800 2049 2231 2383 2535 2596 2689 2802 2867 2895 2910

a. Compute the excitation current required to produce a no-load terminal L-L voltage of 2300V. (4.227A )
b. If the machine operates under rated conditions, calculate the machines internal armature induced
voltage. (1536.553V L-N , 2661.388V L-L)
c. Compute the excitation current required to operate the machine under rated conditions. (5.852A)
d. Compute the drive shaft speed, power in HP, and torque that the prime mover must provide operate the
machine under rated conditions. (3600rpm, 1279.811HP, 2531.506N-m)
e. Compute the generator torque angle while operating the machine under rated conditions. (7.415)
f. Compute the generator efficiency while operating the machine under rated conditions. (83.724%)

10. The same generator specified in Problem #9 is driven at rated speed and is operated with an excitation
current of 4.5A while a -connected 3 load impedance with value 2030 is connected to the generator
output terminals. (Hint: the load impedance must be divided by 3 in the equivalent circuit)
a. Calculate the voltage and current at the generator output terminals. (2147.193V, 185.952A)
b. Calculate the generator torque angle and the generator input drive shaft torque. (6.812, 1741.351N-m)
c. Calculate the generator efficiency and percent loading. (91.107%, 69.157%)
d. A second identical -connected 3 load impedance is connected to the generator output terminals in
parallel with the first load impedance. Calculate the generator output terminals voltage and current,
torque angle, input drive shaft torque, efficiency, and percent loading. (1933.589V, 334.907A, 12.335,
2821.905N-m, 91.230%, 112.163%)
e. Calculate the excitation current required when both loads are connected to produce the same terminal
voltage that was present when only one load was connected. (5.770A)
f. Continuing part e, also calculate the generator output current, torque angle, input drive shaft power in
HP, input drive shaft torque, real & reactive power output, efficiency, and percent loading. (371.905A,
12.335, 1746.102HP, 3453.843N-m, 1.197827MW, 0.691566MVAR, 91.913%, 138.313%)

11. The same generator specified in Problem #9 has its excitation current adjusted so that the generator operates
at rated voltage, rated current, and unity power factor.
a. Compute the generator torque angle. (11.431)
b. Calculate the generator excitation current, output current, input drive shaft power in HP, input drive
shaft torque, and efficiency. (4.599A, 251.022A, 1435.37HP, 2839.206N-m, 93.347%)

12. A 3 synchronous motor is rated 400HP, 480V, 60Hz, 0.8 leading power factor. The stator has 6-poles per
phase, is -connected, has negligible winding resistance, and has per phase winding synchronous reactance
of 1.1. Assume that the excitation energy required to operate the motor is negligible. Also assume that the
friction, windage, and core heating losses are all negligible. Rated voltage is applied to the motor input
terminals, the motor is operating with an input power factor of 0.8 lagging, and the motor input real power
operates at a value equal to the motors rated mechanical output power value converted to Watts.

Prepared by Henri Alciatore for the University of New Orleans ENEE3521 Course 2007 Version 03-31-07 Page 3 of 5
ENEE3521 Synchronous Machine Problems

a. Assuming the terminal voltage phasor in the motor model has a zero degree angle, determine the motor
model induced armature voltage phasor and armature current phasor. (221.710-36.395V, 448.469-
36.870A)
b. Calculate the torque being produced by the motor and the torque angle. (2373.637N-m, -36.395).
c. Calculate the maximum possible torque (called the pull-out torque) that this motor can produce at this
excitation level. (4000.425N-m)
d. If the motors excitation energy and thus armature voltage magnitude is increased by 15%, then
calculate the motors resulting armature current and power factor. (456.811A, 0.903199 lagging)

13. A 3 AC synchronous generator is rated 470KVA, 60Hz, 480V, 0.85 lagging power factor. The stator has 4-
poles per phase, is Y-connected, and has per phase winding resistance of 0.016, and has per phase winding
synchronous reactance of 0.125. While operating under normal conditions, the machine has 8KW of
friction and windage loss, and has 7KW of core heating loss. A load is connected to the generator output
terminals, and the generator operates at rated conditions.
a. If the load is suddenly removed, what will the generator output voltage change to? (326.755V L-N ,
565.957KV L-L)
b. What is the generator electrical power loss (this is also called the generator copper loss and is the total
real power consumed by the generator armature winding resistance)? (15.3403KW)
c. Calculate the generator input drive shaft torque. (2280.373N-m)
d. Calculate the generator torque angle. (9.744)

14. A 3 AC synchronous motor is rated 100HP, 440V, 0.8 leading power factor, 89% efficiency. The stator is
-connected, has per phase winding resistance of 0.22, and has per phase winding synchronous reactance
of 3.0. The motors friction, windage, and core heating losses are negligible. Assume that the motor
excitation energy is negligible. If the motor operates under rated conditions, calculate the following motor
quantities.
a. Input current magnitude. (137.427A)
b. Motor model internal armature induced voltage phasor is 348.307-19.451V.
c. Input real and reactive power. (83.7865KW, -62.8399KVAR)
d. Copper losses (total real power consumed by the armature winding resistances). (4154.936W)
e. Internally induced mechanical power in HP. (117.002HP)

15. A gasoline combustion engine is coupled to and drives a 1 AC synchronous generator rated 4.5KVA,
240V, 1500rpm, 5-poles, 2 armature resistance, 9 synchronous reactance, 175W friction & windage
losses, 80W core loss. An impedance load is connected to the output terminals of the generator. While
operating under a certain loading condition, the following observations were made on this machine system.
The drive shaft speed was 1350rpm. The generator operated with 230V, 10A, and a 0.89459 leading power
factor at its output. The generators DC excitation voltage and current were 24V, 2.254A. The drive shaft
coupling between the two machines should be assumed to have a power loss of 40W at 1350rpm. The
gasoline engine runs at 33% efficiency, and the type of fuel used has a HHV of 115,000 BTU/gallon.

a. Draw a wiring diagram for this system, clearly showing all components, connections, and variables.
b. Calculate the frequency in Hz of the AC voltage produced by the generator. (56.250Hz)
c. Calculate the generator real and reactive output powers. (2.0576KW, -1.0278KVAR)
d. Calculate the impedance of the generators load. (23-26.544)
e. Calculate the generator torque angle. (23.303)
f. Calculate the generator input drive shaft power in HP and torque. (3.369HP, 17.773N-m)
g. Calculate the generator efficiency and percent loading. (80.165%, 51.111%)
h. Calculate the gasoline engine output drive shaft power in HP and torque. (3.423HP, 18.056N-m)
i. Calculate the gasoline fuel consumption rate in gallons per hour. (0.2295gph)
j. Calculate the machine system efficiency. (26.416%)
Prepared by Henri Alciatore for the University of New Orleans ENEE3521 Course 2007 Version 03-31-07 Page 4 of 5
ENEE3521 Synchronous Machine Problems

16. A machine system for operating a water pump from a DC source using a power inverter and a 3 AC
synchronous motor controlled by a VFD (variable frequency drive) is shown in the diagram below..

PS1 A1 A2
350V 3 AC B1 B2 3 AC
DC Power Synchronous Water
C1 VFD C2
Source Inverter Motor Pump
NS1 N1 N2

PS2
NS2

The 350V DC source supplies both the input power to the DC to AC power inverter and the excitation
energy for the synchronous machine. The DC to AC power inverter can be assumed to be 90% efficient. The
VFD can be assumed to be 87% efficient. The motor is rated 15HP, 480V, 60Hz, has 6-poles per phase, has
an armature resistance of 2 per phase, has a synchronous reactance of 22 per phase, is -connected, has
mechanical bearing and windage loss of 350W, and has core heat loss of 190W. The drive shaft coupling
between the motor and the pump has 60W power loss at the motors rated speed, and decreases by 5W for
every 100rpm below the motors rated speed. The water pump can be assumed to be 88% efficient at its
rated speed of 1500rpm, and this efficiency decreases by 5% for every 200rpm below the rated speed.

The system was operated under a certain loading condition, and the following observations were made. The
power inverter output operated at 60Hz, 500V, 11.353A, and a 0.899453 lagging power factor. The VFD
output operated 48Hz, 482V, and a 0.882519 leading power factor. The synchronous machine excitation
current was 3.875A. The pump operated with 20psi suction port pressure, and 80psi discharge port pressure.

Calculate the following machine system quantities.

a. Real and reactive power output of the power inverter. (8843.410W, 4296.750VAR)
b. Current and power output of the 350V DC source. (31.949A, 11.1823KW)
c. Real and reactive power output of the VFD. (7693.766W, -4099.854VAR)
d. Motor model internal armature induced voltage magnitude. (316.194V)
e. Torque angle of the motor. (-12.949)
f. Motor drive shaft speed, power in HP, and torque. (960rpm, 9.301HP, 68.990N-m)
g. Motor efficiency and percent loading. (76.637%, 62.006%)
h. Drive shaft coupling loss. (48W)
i. Mechanical power in HP and torque on the pump drive shaft. (9.237HP, 68.513N-m)
j. Pump efficiency. (74.500%)
k. Water flow rate in gallons per minute produced by the pump. (181.158gpm)
l. Machine system efficiency. (49.423%)

Prepared by Henri Alciatore for the University of New Orleans ENEE3521 Course 2007 Version 03-31-07 Page 5 of 5