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iv. Decrease in oxidation number, eg in 5 the oxidation number of copper decreases from +2 in CuO to 0
in Cu
We now need to explain more fully how oxidation numbers are determined. The following rules apply:
1. The oxidation number of uncombined elements is 0. For example H in H2 and Al the oxidation number
is 0.
2. The oxidation number of hydrogen in compounds is +1 (except in metallic hydrides, example CaH2
when it is -1).
4. Some of the other elements may have more than one oxidation number.
5. The oxidation number of elements in simple ions is the same as the charge on the ion, example in
FeCl3 Fe3+ ox number = +3 Cl- ox number is -1.
6. The oxidation numbers of elements in covalent compounds is numerically the same as the valency.
Example CH4 C = 4 H = +1
7. The sum of the oxidation numbers of the atoms in a compound is 0. Example in NH4Cl N = 3 H = +1
Cl = 1 3 + (4 x +1) -1 = 0
8. The sum of the oxidation numbers of the atoms in an ion is equal to the charge on the ion. Example,
NO3- O = 2 N = +5 +5 + (3 x -2) = 1
CALCULATION OF OXIDATION NUMBERS FROM FORMULAE
If all but one of the oxidation numbers in a formula unit are known, the unknown oxidation number can be
calculated.
since -8 + 6 = 2
QUESTION 2
i. *Fe2O3
ii. *C2H6
iii. K*ClO3
iv.*CrO4-
v. *Cr2O72-
vi. Ca(H*SO3)2
If an element has more than one oxidation number, this may be included in the name of the compound.
QUESTION 3
i. CuSO4
ii. PbO2
iii. Cr2O72-
iv. Fe2O3
v. K2MnO4
vi. HNO3
vii. HNO2
viii. FeSO4