Physical Chemical Properties Review and Practice:

Here is a condensed review of the unit on chemistry. Please use a highlighter to highlight what you think is
important as you read through it. (highlighting will be graded) Once it is highlighted use it to help you
answer the questions in the rest of the packet.

Chemical and physical changes are the way that matter on Earth changes from one form to another. To
understand chemical and physical change it is important to understand that all substances have chemical and
physical properties that describe the substance.

Prediction:

Chemical properties are ways that the substance reacts and changes into a new substance when combined
with other substances. For example, when an iron nail rusts, it combines with oxygen to form a new
substance, iron oxide or rust. A chemical property of the iron in the nail is that it combines with oxygen to
form rust.

Physical properties are characteristics of the substance that describe how the substance behaves. For
example, physical properties are a substances boiling point, whether it is hard or soft,
flexible or not and its color or hardness.

Example:

Substances are often classified on the basis of their chemical and physical properties. Flammable substances
are placed in special containers marked flammable to warn people not to light matches near them.
Substances that are poisonous to eat are marked by a skull and crossbones to show they are dangerous. What
groups would you put the following substances in?

Water, gasoline, wood, silver, plastic, milk, glass, steel, copper,

paper, air, cloth, diamond, rock

When a new substance is found or created in a lab, scientists do tests to find out the chemical and physical
properties of the substance. They want to know about the substance but they also want to know what it
might be used for. If a new plastic is created in the lab, it might be of value to people if it is flexible, or not.
It might be flame proof or very strong. Any of these properties might make it valuable.

Example:

Knowing the chemical and physical properties of a substance will help you know if you should use it for a
particular task. You dont see many skyscrapers made out of wood. Why?

How do you know if a physical or chemical change has occurred? In a chemical change the identity of the
atoms does not change, but the atoms are recombined into a new substance. Evidence for chemical reactions
may include; color change, gas given off (and maybe a smell!), and heat or light given off or absorbed.
The new substance is often very different than the substances that combined to create it. Water molecules
form during a chemical reaction involving hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Water is very
different from these gases. Chemical changes are sometimes very spectacular like fireworks or very
quiet, like photosynthesis. Chemical changes are not easy to reverse, another chemical change is
needed to get the original substances back.
After a chemical change occurs, it is interesting to see what the physical properties of the new substance are.
You may have mixed white glue with borax solution to make goop. Goop is quite fun to play with because
one of its new physical properties is that it bounces.
In physical changes the identity of the atoms does not change and no new substances are formed. The
matter might change phase, like water changing to ice, but it is still the same molecule. Changing the size,
shape or mass of a substance are physical changes. Dissolving a substance in another substance is a physical
change as long as it is easy to get the two substances apart after they have been dissolved. Physical changes
are easy to reverse compared to chemical changes.
Oxygen in our atmosphere reacts with substances in some very important reactions. You know that
you need to breathe in oxygen to stay alive. Oxygen is part of a very critical chemical reaction in our bodies
called respiration. Respiration is how we break the food we eat down to get the energy we need for life.
Another important reaction is photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, oxygen is released back into the air by
plants as they form sugar in their leaves. Oxygen is also needed to support combustion or burning of
flammable substances. A candle will burn in a jar until the lid is placed on the jar. Then when the oxygen is
gone, the candle burns out.

Energy is involved in chemical and physical change. Energy is the ability to do work. In fact, your
car uses chemical energy to do the work of moving you around. The burning of the gasoline and expansion
of gases it produces, moves the pistons in the engine, eventually moving you. Your body uses chemical
energy when it breaks down food, releasing the energy you need to do your work.
During physical and chemical reactions energy is either taken in or given off. One example you may have
seen is when ammonium nitrate in an ice pack reacts with water. This reaction takes in energy from the
surrounding area causing the temperature to cool down. Some changes give off energy. This energy can be
seen in several forms; the most common are heat, light and sound. Dynamite exploding gives off all three of
these forms of energy.
The motion of the molecules in a substance is related to its temperature. As temperature increases, the speed
of movement of the molecules also increases. This is due to the molecules gaining more energy; therefore
they move faster and spread out if there is room. This also works in reverse, the colder a substance gets, the
slower its particles move because they have lost their energy. This can be seen as water boils and then
freezes. When it is boiling the molecules have lots of energy and are moving all around. When it freezes the
molecules slow down until they lock into a solid form.
Heat energy is related to temperature. Temperature can be measured by the speed of the moving
molecules as they hit a thermometer. Heat takes into account how many molecules are moving at that speed.
A large beaker of water and a small beaker of water may be at the same temperature but the large beaker has
more heat.
When water is a solid, it has the least amount of energy. The molecules are hardly moving at all. As energy
is added to the ice, the molecules start moving faster until the ice begins to melt. When even more energy is
added, it will change from a liquid to a gas. This graph shows how the temperature of water changes as heat
is added. Notice how the phases change. What temperatures should be written on the Y axis?
Chemical reactions have observable features. In a chemical reaction, you need reactants to come together to
form products. Scientists use equations to show what reactants have come together to form the products.
They use a group of numbers and symbols to describe each substance. This is the formula for that substance.
For example, H2O is the formula for water molecules. It means that the molecule contains two hydrogen
atoms for every oxygen atom. The formulas for reactants are on the left side of the equation and the products
are on the right.
Here is an example of an equation:

AlCl3 + 3NaF AlF3 + 3NaCl

reactants products

The same number and kind of atoms must be found on each side of the equation. Count the number of
aluminum atoms on each side. There is just one on each side of the equation. Try fluorine. Remember to
multiply the number of atoms in the molecule by the number in front of the molecule. Note that the number
of atoms balance.

2 H2 + O2 2 H2O

Some chemical reactions are very common and important in our daily life. They include photosynthesis,
respiration, combustion, and rusting.

The equations for these reactions are:

Rusting Fe + O2 Fe2O3 Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Combustion CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

When chemical or physical changes occur, the total amount of matter and energy remains the same; this is
the law of conservation of matter and energy.
Chemical vs Physical Properties and Changes
NAME_______________
Background: Keeping the difference between physical and chemical properties as well as changes can be a
challenge. This worksheet will help you do this. First define the following terms
Vocabulary word Definition
Physical Property

Physical Change Change in which the identity of the substance does NOT change.
Chemical Property

Chemical Changes

Part one: Physical or Chemical Property? Fill in the chart using the vocabulary words or phrases provided
use each word.
Boiling Point Ability to rust Melting point Brittleness Reactivity with
vinegar
Elasticity Flammability Density Transparency Ductility

Each word is used once. Define the word when done!

Chemical property Definition
Ability to burn

Physical property Definition

Property of letting light pass through

something

Part Two: Physical or chemical change? Indicate with a P or C which type of change is taking place.
 ______ Glass breaking ______ Hammering wood together
______ A rusting bicycle ______ Melting butter
______ Separate sand from gravel ______ Bleaching your hair
______ Frying an egg ______ Squeeze oranges for juice
______ Melting ice ______ Mixing salt and water
______ Mixing oil and water ______ Water evaporating
______ Cutting grass ______ Burning leaves
______ Fireworks exploding ______ Cutting your hair
______ Crushing a can _____ Boiling water

Identify each of the following as a Physical or Chemical change.

Put a P next to Physical Changes. Put a C next to Chemical Changes.

_____A piece of wood burns to form ash. _____Turning a brownie mix into brownies

_____Water evaporates into steam. _____A piece of cork is cut in half

_____A bicycle change rusts _____Food is digested in the stomach

_____Water is absorbed by a paper towel _____Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc

_____A piece of an apple rots on the ground _____A tire is inflated with air

_____Sugar dissolves in water _____Eggs turn into an omelet

_____Milk sours _____A popsicle melts

_____A plant turns sunlight, CO2, and water into sugar and oxygen
Choose 2 of the examples and explain why you chose chemical or physical. Please choose one of each type
of change. Back up your explanation. (full sentences)
Physical change explanation

Chemical change explanation

ALIKE OR DIFFERENT
NAME___________________
Introduction:
In this activity you will learn about the similarities and differences between chemical and physical
properties.

Procedure:
Use your textbook to help you find out about chemical and physical properties of
matter.
Read the information once then go back and start to fill in your table. Write down the
properties in the correct column.
Use the Venn Diagram on the back of this paper to record the data a different way. In
the area where the circles overlap, write down similarities between chemical and
physical changes. In the areas of the circles that do not overlap, write down
differences.
Use the list of chemical and physical changes and fill them in the correct locations on
your Venn Diagram.
Answer the analysis questions.

Data

Characteristics of Physical Characteristics of

Properties Chemical Properties
 Chemical Properties Physical Properties

Analysis:
1. Which properties describe what the substance is like?

2. Which properties describe how the substance reacts with other substances?

3. Describe the physical properties of a candle.

4. Describe the chemical properties of a candle.

Title: Using Properties to Classify Matter
Introduction: In this activity you will use chemical and physical properties to classify substances.
Procedure:
1. Use your textbook or a computer to help you find out about chemical and physical properties of each
substance listed in Table I. You should have at least two properties for chemical and two for physical for
each substance.
2. On the table II, use the characteristics and list substances that you know of which have the properties
listed. Add two properties you are interested in and do the same for them.

Data: Table I
Substance Chemical Properties Physical Properties

Water

Salt

Copper Penny

Wood

Plastic

Table II-Write at least two substances for each property.

Property Substances that have this Substances that do not

property: have this property:

Flammable

Dissolve in
water

Soft

Rusts

Melt at room
temperature

Analysis:

1. Which of the properties you listed are physical properties?

2. Which are chemical properties?

3. Describe three properties that you look for when you select a candy bar to eat.

4. Which of these properties is physical?

Chemical?
5. Which properties describe what the substance is like?

6. Which properties describe how the substance reacts with other substances?

7. Describe the physical properties of a candle.

8. Describe the chemical properties of a candle.

Conclusion: 3-5 sentences

Quiz Chemical reactions

1. Identify the reactants and products in the following equation.
CO2+ H2OC6H12O6 + O2

2. H = hydrogen. H is the _____________ for hydrogen.

3. Is CO2 an element or a compound? How can you tell?

4. When a chemical symbol has a subscript number by it such as N2 what does the 2 tell
you?
5. In the equation 2H2O2 what does the 2 in front of the chemical formula tell you?

6. Why do scientists use chemical symbols?

7. Which of the following chemical formulas represents an element not a compound?

A. H3O B. Au C. CO D. NaCl
8. What does the arrow represent in a chemical equation?