Petroleum Engineering 311 Reservoir Petrophysics Spring 2006

Syllabus and Administrative Procedures

Instructor: Dr. Bryan Maggard Instructor: Dr. Peter Valko
Office: RICH 501U Office: RICH 501E
Sections 901 & 902 Sections 903 & 904
Lecture: MWF 10:20-11:10 a.m. RICH 302 Lecture: MWF 12:40-1:30 p.m. RICH 302
901 Lab: T 11:10 a.m.-2:00 p.m. 903 Lab: T 2:20-5:10 p.m.
RICH 208 / RICH 212L RICH 208 / RICH 212L
902 Lab: R 11:10 a.m.-2:00 p.m. 904 Lab: R 2:20-5:10 p.m.
RICH 208 / RICH 212L RICH 208 / RICH 212L
Office Hours: MWF 11:15-11:45 a.m. Office Hours: M 4:00-5:00 p.m.
Office Hours: TR 12-12:30 p.m. Office Hours: R 11:00 a.m. -12:00 p.m.
Phone: (979) 845-0592 Phone: (979) 862-2757
e-mail: bmaggard@tamu.edu e-mail: p-valko@tamu.edu
website : people.tamu.edu/~bmaggard
Lab Help Sessions: Mr. Frank Platt, RICH 401L, 847-8855/229-8703, f-platt@tamu.edu
Office Hours for Tuesday Labs: F 9-10 a.m. RICH 407M
Office Hours for Thursday Labs: M 9-10 a.m. RICH 407M
Writing Help Sessions: Ms. Darla-Jean Weatherford, RICH 407E, 845-2205,
darla-jean@tamu.edu, Office Hours: MTWRF 1-5 p.m.
Texts and Materials:
1. (ABW) Amyx, J.W., Bass, D.M. and Whiting, R.L.: Petroleum Reservoir Engineering, 3rd
edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, (1960). (Available at TEES Copy
Center, 221 WERC, $6.50)
2. (JC1) Jorden, J.R. and Campbell, F.L.: Well Logging IRock Properties, Borehole
Environment, Mud and Temperature Logging, SPE Monograph Series No. 9, SPE,
Richardson, TX (1984). (Available from SPE: 800-456-6863, SPE members receive
discount). OPTIONAL
3. (JC2) Jorden, J.R. and Campbell, F.L.: Well Logging IIElectric and Acoustic Logging,
SPE Monograph Series No. 10, SPE, Richardson, TX (1984). (Available from SPE: 800-
456-6863, SPE members receive discount). OPTIONAL
4. (L) Lecture notes from class. These materials may include handouts provided in class or
computer files available on university servers.
Basis for Course Grade:
Lab (Writing Grade) ...................................................................................25%
Examinations (3 Exams: 15%,15%, 20%, Cumulative) .............................50%
Homework................................................................................................. 10%
Weekly Tests............................................................................................. 15%
total = 100%
NOTE: If necessary, a final will be given. In that case, examinations, homework, and
weekly tests will be adjusted to 50%, and the final will count 25% while the lab remains 25%.
A: 100.00 to 90.00%
B: 89.99 to 80.00%
C: 79.99 to 70.00%
D: 69.99 to 60.00%
F: < 60.00%
 Reservoir Petrophysics Spring 2006
Course Description and Objectives

Course Description
Systematic theoretical and laboratory study of physical properties of petroleum reservoir
rocks; lithology, porosity, relative and effective permeability, fluid saturations, capillary
characteristics, compressibility, rock strength, and rock-fluid interaction.

Course Objectives (These are minimum skills to be achieved/demonstrated)

By the last day of class, the student should be able to:
1. Define porosity, discuss the factors which affect porosity, and describe the methods of
determining values of porosity.
2. Define the coefficient of isothermal compressibility of reservoir rock and describe
methods for determining values of formation compressibility.
3. Reproduce the Darcy equation in differential form, explain its meaning, integrate the
equation for typical reservoir systems, discuss and calculate the effect of fractures and
channels, and describe methods for determining values of absolute permeability.
4. Explain boundary tension and wettability and their effect on capillary pressure, describe
methods of determining values of capillary pressure, and convert laboratory capillary
pressure values to reservoir conditions.
5. Describe methods of determining fluid saturations in reservoir rock and show relationship
between fluid saturation and capillary pressure.
6. Define resistivity, electrical formation resistivity factor, resistivity index, saturation
exponent, and cementation factor and show their relationship and uses; discuss laboratory
measurement of electrical properties of reservoir rocks; and demonstrate the calculations
necessary in analyzing laboratory measurements.
7. Define effective permeability, relative permeability, and permeability ratio; reproduce
typical relative permeability curves and show effect of saturation history on relative
permeability; illustrate the measurement of relative permeability; and demonstrate some
uses of relative permeability data.
8. Describe three-phase flow in reservoir rock and explain methods of displaying three-phase
effective permeabilities, including ternary diagrams.
9. Demonstrate the techniques of averaging porosity, permeability, and reservoir pressure
data.
10. Demonstrate capability to perform calculations relating to all concepts above.
11. Design and conduct experiments to determine porosity, rock compressibility, absolute and
relative permeability, fluid saturation, capillary pressure, and electrical properties of
reservoir rocks; analyze and interpret experimental data; and prepare laboratory reports.

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 Petroleum Engineering 311 Reservoir Petrophysics Spring 2006
Date Topic Reading Assignment (prior to class)
January 16 M No Class, MLK Day
18 W Review of Syllabus Course Introduction ABW Chapter 1, JC1 2.0-2.1
20 F Definition of Porosity ABW 36-43, JC1 2.2,2.2.2
LAB Lab Introduction: Procedures & Safety
23 M Laboratory Determination of Porosity ABW 43-57
25 W Subsurface Measurement of Porosity ABW 43-57
27 F Compressibility of Porous Rocks ABW 57-64
LAB Lab 1: Measurement Error, Core Descriptions
30 M Introduction to Permeability ABW 64-71, JC1 2.2.3
February 1 W Flow of Liquids in Porous Media ABW 71-78
3 F Flow of Gases in Porous Media ABW 71-78
LAB Lab 2: Sieve Analysis, Porosity Models
6 M Conversion Factors for Oilfield Units ABW 78-79
8 W Flow in Layered Systems ABW 79-83
10 F Flow in Channels and Fractures, Analogies to ABW 83-86
Darcy's Law
LAB Lab 3: Porosity Measurement
13 M Laboratory Measurement of Permeability, and ABW 86-96
Factors which affect Permeability Measurements
15 W Factors which affect Permeability Measurements ABW 91-96
17 F Introduction to Fluid Saturations ABW 100-110
LAB Lab 4: Gas Permeability
20 M Laboratory Determination of Fluid Saturations ABW 100-110
22 W Optional Attendance, Review for Exam 1
24 F Electrical Properties of Reservoir Rocks ABW 111-117, JC2 6.3.2
LAB Lab 5: Liquid Permeability
27 M Measurement of Electrical Properties of ABW 117-120, JC2 6.3.4 (Archie
Reservoir Rocks Model only)
March 1 W Effect of Clay on Electrical Properties ABW 121-124, JC2 6.3.2
3 F Boundary Tension and Wettability ABW 133-135
LAB Lab 6: Fluid Saturation
6 M Introduction to Capillary Pressure ABW 135-140
8 W Capillary Pressure and Saturation History, and ABW 141-142, JC1 2.2.1
Capillary Pressure in Reservoir Rock
10 F Laboratory Measurement of Capillary Pressure ABW 142-155
LAB Lab 7: Resistivity, Cementation Exponent
13 M No Class; Spring Break
15 W No Class; Spring Break
17 F No Class; Spring Break
LAB No Lab; Spring Break
20 M Capillary Pressure/Saturation Relations ABW 150-155
22 W Optional Attendance, Review for Exam 2
24 F Capillary Pressure Averaging and Correlations ABW 155-161
LAB Lab 8: Capillary Pressure

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 27 M Capillary Pressure/Permeability Relations ABW 167-174
29 W Effective and Relative Permeability ABW 174-181
31 F Three Phase Relative Permeability ABW 181-184
LAB Lab 8: Capillary Pressure (contd)
April 3 M Laboratory Measurement of Relative Permeability ABW 184-195
5 W Laboratory Measurement of Relative Permeability ABW 184-195
7 F Relative Permeability from Capillary Pressure Data ABW 195-199
LAB Lab 9: Relative Permeability
10 M Field Determination of Relative Permeability Ratios, ABW 203-209
and Correlation of Relative Permeability Ratios
12 W Use of Relative Permeability Data ABW 203-209
14 F No Class, Reading Day
LAB Lab 9: Relative Permeability (contd)
17 M Relative Permeability Correlations Handout
19 W Relative Permeability Correlations Handout
21 F Relative Permeability Correlations Handout
LAB No Lab
24 M Statistical Analysis of Reservoir Data Handout
26 W Optional Attendance, Review for Exam 3
28 F Statistical Analysis of Reservoir Data Handout
LAB No Lab
May 1 M Special Topics Handout
2 T Last Class; Redefined Day (Friday Classes),
Review for Final Exam

Petroleum Engineering 311 Reservoir Petrophysics

Examination Schedule Spring 2006
Common Exams:
Exam 1: Thursday, February 23, 2006, 7-9 p.m., 106 RICH
Exam 2: Thursday, March 23, 2006, 7-9 p.m., 127B ZACH
Exam 3: Thursday, April 27, 2006, 7-9 p.m., 106 RICH

Final Exam: (if necessary)

Sections 901/902: Tuesday, May 9, 2006, 8:00 a.m.10:00 a.m. (classes meeting MWF 10:20 a.m.-11:10 a.m.)
Sections 903/904: Monday, May 8, 2006, 10:30 a.m.12:30 p.m. (classes meeting MWF 12:40-1:30 p.m.)

Academic Integrity Statement:

An Aggie does not lie, cheat, or steal or tolerate those who do. Collaboration on examinations and assignments
is forbidden except when specifically authorized. Students violating this policy may be removed from the class
roster and given a grade of F in the course or other penalties as outlined in the Texas A&M University Student Rules.
For additional information regarding Honor Council rules and procedures please visit www.tamu.edu/aggiehonor.

ADA Policy Statement:

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal anti-discrimination statute that provides comprehensive
civil rights protection for persons with disabilities. Among other things, this legislation requires that all students
with disabilities be guaranteed a learning environment that provides for reasonable accommodation of their
disabilities. If you believe you have a disability requiring an accommodation, please contact the Department of
Student Life, Services for Students with Disabilities, in Room B118 Cain Hall or call 845-1637.

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 Petroleum Engineering 311 Reservoir Petrophysics Spring 2006
Lab Reports

The policy of this department is that good laboratory work requires both good technology and
good reporting. Therefore, you will receive a single grade on each lab report that reflects both
the accuracy of the work you have completed in the lab and the quality of the report you have
written.
Most lab reports will be due one week after the lab meets; your TA will notify you of any
changes in due dates.
You will follow the guidelines published in Writing Reports With Confidence and Style and
the SPE Publications Style Guide for writing your lab reports.
Please format each lab report as a technical memo (do not include a cover sheet) and attach a
copy of the grading criteria at the back of the report. You can download the grading criteria
from the course site on WebCT. (Go to webct.tamu.edu and logon using your Net ID.)
Note that if your results are outside expected ranges or if you have serious errors in other
parts of the report, you may receive an R on the report. You must revise and resubmit any
paper that receives an R; if not, the grade will be changed to 50 at the end of the semester.
Note that style and grammar are only a small portion of the report grade; you will mostly
need to respond to comments about the technical and logical accuracy of your report to
improve the R grade. Ask for help if you need it.
You may revise any report for Labs 1 through 8 to improve your grade. Each revision
(including revisions of R papers) will cost three points; that is, if your score on a first
revision is 100, you will receive a 97 in the grade book; if it is 100 on a second revision, you
will receive a 94, and so forth. You may revise Lab 8 only one time; you will not have an
opportunity to revise Lab 9.
Revisions of lab reports are due on the date stamped on the report, usually two weeks after
the report was returned to you. Any revision returned after the stamped date will lose an
additional 5 points during the first week and 10 points for each week thereafter. Please
submit revisions as follows:
o Cover memo explaining that the attachment is a revision and asking for reconsideration
of the grade.
o The revised report.
o The original, graded report.
o The original grade criteria.

Shortly after your report has been graded, you will see the grade in WebCT and it will be
returned to you in class. After the entire set of reports has been graded, I will post general
comments about common errors and misunderstandings in a file called Lab Report Notes on
WebCT. If you choose to revise your report, please read through the notes first.

You may get individual help during my office hours, 1 to 5 p.m. daily. You may e-mail me at
darla-jean@tamu.edu to set up an appointment or to ask questions; if several of you need
assistance on the same lab, I will arrange time for help sessions.

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 Petroleum Engineering 311 Reservoir Petrophysics Spring 2006
Homework Format Guidelines

Homework Topics: (These are intended topics, addition and/or deletion of certain problems may
occur as other problems become available. Multiple assignments from each
topic are possible.)
z Porosity (fundamentals and laboratory measurements).
z Permeability (fundamentals and laboratory measurements).
z Compressibility of reservoir rocks (derivations/applications).
z Steady-state flow of liquids and gases in porous media (derivations/applications).
z Flow in channels and layered reservoir systems (derivations/applications).
z Capillary pressure (fundamentals, laboratory measurements, and correlations).
z Electrical properties (fundamentals and laboratory measurements).
z Relative permeability (fundamentals, laboratory measurements, and correlations).
z Statistical analysis and correlation of reservoir data.
Homework Format Guidelines:
I. General Instructions: You must use engineering analysis paper or lined notebook paper, and
this paper must measure 8.5 inches in width by 11 inches in height
1. You must write only on the front of the page.
2. Number all pages in the upper right-hand corner and staple all pages together in upper
left-hand corner. You must also put your name (or initials) in the upper right corner of
each page next to the page number (e.g. John David Doe (JDD) page 4/6).
3. Use a staple to fasten pages.
II. Outline of Homework Format (see attached)
1. Problem
2. Theory
3. Assumptions
4. Solution
A. Sketches and Diagrams
B. Calculations (Including Units)
5. Conclusions: Provide a short summary that discusses the problem results.

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Problem Layout