O.

11 APRIL 11'19

OMRHI Quarterly
BULLETIN 15 AND SUPPLEMENT 2
FoMRHJ BOOK NEWS 10

COMMUNICATIONS
188 A. B and C :Reviews: lrlaking 1\Iu..sical !Pslruments. ed. Char e Ford.
Jeremy Montagu. Eph Segerman and John Barne.s. 10
189 Re\'ii!'W: Lute Con t:rucHan by Phi.llp facL od-Coup .. 'L Hodgson. 29
32
190 .Review (c.onUnu el): Thc B ssoon by \\'lll Ja.ns n. J. Montagu.
3.2
191 Re\I'I,P.W lPtervals. Se le& and Tcmperamenl by Rugb Boyle, J.M.
93
1 2 Revtcw: corncU & Sackbut- ' - magoz[nl." ed" P. Gretton. J.M.
Re\1 iew: Musikinst rumenlel1-Museum der Ka.rl-Ma nt..U niv,cr,stiit
r
193
,:w
Lelpzlg. Ka.talog Ba.nd 1: Floten. r"erbert Reyde. J. 'M.
35
19-f The De'lelopment of the CaUachon. !.ianyn Hodgoon.
38
195 Seundhole MJgraHon in lhe Development ol tbe ute. John Down1ng.
42
196 EaTly 16th Century Lutc Rcconstructlon.s. John Dovmlng..
49
197 Woodwlnd Maldng Tecbniques. Rod Cameron.
M
198 SoundboaTd Finishes. Rcba.rd Sbann.
56
199 Mersen.ne 1Jntwlated. Eph S ege rman.
200 A 1\ldhod fo:r 'laklng TradUJona1 H rp icbord TWllng Pins.
58
John Barnes.
59
201 Artif fcJal ]\IOI')" made from lilk.. L.A* Esleves Perelra .
202 lnventory of the Workahop of B. Kejcb r. Krakow (1548-1599).
80
TranslaUon: Plerre Ducepl.
203 The femhn"Angel fusici ns" Psaltery. Ed n:1 L. Koltu k.
83

204 Malcing a Fra u. PbU ip Meerone. 6'1

205 A Gauge for Mea&ur-ing Tbickness of 1\Juslcal Instrumenl Soundboards

Peter Tourin. 68
206 On Chladni-Plate Tuning o[ BaroquVlol Soundboa.rdl. E. Sege:rm 72
207 Further lo Comms. 145 and BO.. Jacques Leguy. 14

FILLOWBBIP OF MAKERB AKD RESTOR RS OF HISTORICAL STRUME TS

 ..u r il! -

. O:F Th 197 berr.l Li t nclliliu;d vi'th thl.s i.!JSU"' o.f

PoMRHl Qtm..rt l1i . 1hop b t.b!I2Xe 11 t be errorE or onri iol'lil
r,

(u"tl,i.I"e ftma'\Lea e 1'1 a.'ld.ng it till last !le- that t '' :J u

o.-oate
po:osi le), but i.f ita: are, plcllil!l'lt ba'loft! c.arr l::'tion 11 a.s vel
S Bn)' a8d1t Orull lnfo . ion bout youxsel Vil:':> r a 50011 poss.ibl ;: anl}
ifin.YW&y bEfCilr- Ju.ly 2rid, 'ithletl ie tlle de.a.dl1.ne for the next issue .

APOIL'Cn:s 1: oa,gh o tpologise b ea '"e tbls loo .. like beLn.s u bit.

att---; u I i!'Em inalu e -IUOh en po oEr!f in eveey iaaue ,wrd I thlnk
thatt tb t tict? haa com@ to :B o;:. do:u:tg ri:D lstru ea tma.J' bt! on td.II!e; th !f
bea bi l4 e l v1nS h d thcy rm:t be bit late le ;Jv-'JJDg '])jilda for
th. printt r,. We da our beEt but '-'e bcth have liv.i.Jgs t.o ea:m (liria ao Dfi
{and 't. ill halw'e to wrfer tocc.as:lenal postal or cthe[" Btrike) , SO
t he"l'c on let 1 .> juat a-ay 11e rtliiiPE' to get eaeh iaue o you vi tbin br
moJJth 011 th heal1llie, alld. tha"'. ror t.boae q.D.rtt:!n wiHm we D()Jl,ll ,, hoJ,m
thn you 111b ar with u.
OOT-OF Pmrr Q,UA!lrERLIES: 1.2-.co.B :r ow out af prlnt; o..9 v ll oon
will be . 'W' 1Ve h _ lDn& di!lCUS iOI"'U bout thi5 Oll bout tbe disa,p]lOinl.-
nme b rs feel t not beiug &Dle e get te run.
a 11 br of a"'I:Jl-ns: ) t"he e t of l'le;r.rrin ing b) problemJ:
< th be llrl g r lMgel"; :) up captal J.n altoclr..a
io n: _ d) fe :r an . eo:r (but. a r.; : e) e 'c!l!'rs W3tlt "te. 1
t"' :nm at: tho li lB ,grows 1.ongr and the cos hl el" , vhi eh t:.
th t "b) d t:) &r {b for lo :r .. Of th f! tht! IDO t io i ).
a OD t other &idtbat tbcr a good d@al e{ PQDmanent11
uaefu. i:t'CJ tion in.hi!' bac.t illi!hJ..!& : n.o t. just thc. QollL:Jun1ea:tiMs. bu.
,a'l o ts i et or 1nro ti.oa fin oolG . t ohlll.quc-s, M.terland o
on
lJ'J :the !lUlt:!ttn ,. llt1.d hl :J.O ll ts of plan md other wch tu!'f ,.
D1i fb bc e o n}1, ve b ve iiecided to liitave iam: out o!-prirrt
tbcy go e hall oontinue to t BQ ethinr, }Ke a t S C1
nenr , a can 1 o th.s.t n w lll@lllb vi11 a lay b.a .bl:to bdJ' t.
year 1 i-lll .s; tha:--e n v r marto han 'i e yca.ro eu o:i' aa.te a11<1 "thf!'N-
rou 8't.1ll raJ:r)J' re} 1;: ln iiJfOI't!latiM)a illor.rever , 'We' WOUlr.JI l.j.ke .DCV
m be to 'b <tbl!.! to t Y Oo unicatiQQ tne:r want , if they r al y
van 1\ baw ver olii .it ma.y hf!! 1 ar) e do t.hiri Vii' necd to n1n a pne-of!
xe't'o Jt se r.ricE' ..
oula. any m bor b . ll..iJ:le' t.-o TWl a :X.(il."'X c.rrice 1 preferabl;y a;t caat
o product.iun plua poat. e t but :if neaea ,at ooaume.rc.i.al ntes ror lb.
t.rollbl 't. deally1 coul _ ilo v.i.Ui aevl!'ral m1on memoeno .i:n dif'cre.nt
coun rio.3 &a to Ga.villterm t.:i onlil pDatal c:llnrg :e: . lS )'Ou' u.ld i:l.o
t.hl s , lleas:. leo t _ lmDW' d I c:ntt tlnHI J!:r:.mbe _ to g t 1t1
'oucn vith you Cllt"P.c wh never t'he)' l" for o t-or- rint i"BUr
I &nd nll 11
_mbes a cc le liB o nten B nnlt would be pr-lblo
thl to sllo 'th nwr.b r o p 1! of e ..:h "' and th.ur: the or.; .But
w do n w yo balp,. Djild nnd I tmr: ot a!:fcrd My lOOr!! timCto .l:"Wl
auW! D rtoc; ve iV1e k ;yoTJ. e do a shllr of tht' ork..
l've had
a. tht if ve think (,a.f. d t..inct rm
' knu"'' ) bat it 11s 'l!a'On&' ve have
fiD'l:!lll!''limeo.a di ao 11 11 o11l to va.m ;JCIY h t tb re l 1t1 'iban one Vi w
of b.j ct.. So dc:n l t anytCJn trw t jlHilt. becau.n.e t s p,rlntca
in FoMRHIQ. a:t prin't E Ctpl it . d , peoples 1 ttp lunt,
whrioe on toals, teoWq o::i-lllatori and Bo on .. tr tby ael1!l:ll r.rorth
t.rying, try tha-m if t.b y 11:11 wort.h t.rutl.og _bou.i, think ))out the lli
lbl.lt d :m 11 1:; a!!'t th m hi8hor th tat.. Nlll'll of ua IUie d lD
the Ndld.le o &rna.ts-c.aano.e or wneneve:r; wb:t
111
i t}l it v tblnk
t.at. .. o'i' tha:t lti"' ,. ,. .. wor,k; !or m ,,
= Phili'P Cnme a..v IJllp to sow l han iZ"S ami tbe
r, 1 MV !El done- vitb tht! ai.nt hJ one h.md an ttte Te .iD tlut
Cu.ttin,g hC13 mi f'a.r and t:a OO 11 th no pro'blt! _S! oaD 11 t
BI'!I!! l. Ws alt of lne eaod i'ta. a:ttt!lldant di!!it!'Ult'-le-.a -

And Wil I m on 4."e Dg, Roberl Eie;io oa.me .rou:nd th cthe.r d.ay andl eh iffi
me ca 18tb ccnttJ%Y r.e el:'& that ht! ha:; b 1lil,1n 1 llape tb.ai he
will vrlt th UJ:I for a. Iotur.s iH'W!

m.od.I!.Dl p:!'@.Btlm
hillVI' p.U.'O\It:! t ll'
OJ'l"'ll: ;o
Bu.ll,.ll W han b tbe p-a.ad tot or eme ci:fer to, ac a
see r<l!t.Br.; Bti&il .ba for t:J:ali ) I h u ed rtlm the 1 o!
1."0-c;pons i.hat tb3 s 'Wa.& nat .re tioi,nd QY ifiEl:llbtm:i, but ThDJ:IQ[Ii Mli:Oea.ry Vl:'l- tes
thrl be- d"e- f lnll lla.vto a.end bank drc:tfto ov ;r;::;ea biii or p. both r::,
1 h raft ,n ao t eme dallar ,, luo 1.. 50 te cov r your llllmVDrnicn
u . Mi.,h 0111! solo i.be tlo llave W1 .km M Eieel'etlu"y wbo cewd
eoll.t : J:n;,erip't.-ion in I:Joll!Ji.'rS ., :ving '118 a.eh a b;;lnk b - t d eon-
ve:rDion eh ?'..
I 1 w no ll'bja-ct Oll , p a a thD fCil remt'l't!lb r b, Q.t
h re i11 o. li ac.U .f'or (!.lln. rlrt!ian ah !!!!,. oN...in.g to tbe 'I.Ult
(th r, 1a top !'tgun Md. 1 cM Nnd out t t 1t) Vottld aD,YQ:Df!
volun.:t- er to lilo tbis? It wulrlll t be coJ:qnilflc:Jit')f to p3y tb.at wa,y anyo.n
111

'l!lho pref:rred to pay di .rect aould dio so , di thoae wbo w: to A -ye tb

odd Mll.ar or t'Wtl culd p.!Q W'bo v r Vill o u ob,.
CGcm. l19 (, d m)' c:a nt in Bull 13 p .B}: lb .Raudoni _ .s vritea;
d.it co ry yqvra e abot in liJll. .13 1ba.vc sardcd M e. JDU.,.,...
Try to pl.ny on your fll\lte 'With ea=e othe.r inEJt-rwl: t t\mcd to A--415.
1aC1 !Dure' that YEII m t'fle mi4dl ro l"fgi ter )"tm wuJdn 1t be le to plg

flautiatd th t wh! fo d l w o or e p ing flute 1 - a d

i
t tlat V m ratber t nDrl tbe flUt \b V out D f hmlll. hli ha, :pti.
tha Fe- 1
'., l t :r: & 'ti ved the d.tM.Ro rt Bi - (1 ( e
Bil 1 nbove) 1 ro l ked. hi t he housflt, Dll b rud. tbat he

boles facif1E furlher fontU"''' th.a.n on inst - entr. vitt. ore ya 11 ,so
to bu..l.allc;!' lhe u:ts-r; nt, and t..ha on CtJVel:"ed be embu.cbw,"e only iCJ
u, - r.c unt .. The St'!t\ ...by ali ent c.r m:ak tnus put t.be .rl!lifer
holll;' s in -tbE' r1. t lii,O e i r ontt b lev h -tk:J btw:hur p.laced. no Uy..
J'(llli h- no1eo ans
ealllpari:r.Lg UJr Bllc:1l h st bylh
B M p.J:: P al Ha.i lpo irt -&BY"'
I 'm d.!1"1n 1 t l;,v -o r t rlfld.,e r _ ttr l .:.ti (Uifl on 1Q'l):rN onii f.lga
l:nE'
ondnsrlm \1e fatnra 1&tane of lspb n\a. u th1uk
0 rOQght LO Bl lBt Cftr ODa ocg e tion D lb What
1!!1 ll "llil 4 do Wl th 8't0f'r _ ln .hDrli 11 1'[ D
't p 11 t.a' UD!J 't
bem..
l!lfllki ll9e rel pbbn te o u' of 1t , ln con na ct ion .., L t,h a o be ti tu lree- -
1' m OIIJ rpri e lllO "O & El m r1 rt1 rrl af bone On fleyltJ08r4B (:lo t'rl!l Bp;.
to tbo GEU.I of bone in po 11t Ofn:J tUl'"f a.a. Q{stJt t be ina, pp:r op rlal tfl
to t rm 1t 'llJI "'1- oey a rubstltot?j : 1 f1nd lt. pl aeent to tha
eye nd tibe fJ.:ntlar. B:nrt.h aaoree le & doiQaBtlc.et 10 en:l.:el
whJ eb ' f.l u! to b 1n oo dLJn,e-r 1:.1 f axt:l.oeti Jn., I 1va ela e 1118en
thaogiJ verraTel, boo6 . feT:rcr luJ on old win !nE trGmen a. 'l'bo iHI
f
wid 1oetrooenmaere wbo fael hJ can t a\ alDnF w1thout
1

wb te fa rrola a flH!I rea.aallJ pra fe:r ma 1nl,llin wooci 1nstrlilmunte ,

D ng lawslic) might t.ey bone. lt cb iODUllJ dt11!118o't. .h.a 9 e \il e
eu erb 1arn1ng qoal1tle o . l c . -
However , tnerc 1 anoth r clde ta hia,.. 1 .had to
soiTIt:"oncl'l
hlll th\! o'ther dey (a.nyon ba nn o t.o 'h a.r rioo for ccmcb , ovl"p nt
lrui d.l: jerlrju Qi&LJ keep an ey opcn for film e l_ 'Ilhc AliM) heJ
t
111
,!]. lo vi th F.Frira4l in Oo (6-10 Trlng Cla \J ll h1bu.1.7 Pa.rk flio.rd,
En1l ; t 1;Oh]le l42.4r/5). 'lbey oint ca.t -that elephm heri5 h!lW D 01
oull_ ; o theMse th y S"'''<I!IIP iht- N "Lio:nlll Parks a.n otb.er aG. Tb y
leport :1ve r.y,. ill o!' 1 t l.Uitl l oenc e (I ,.e 4 non e 1" tllllJ.[".Al d wm .all e "'
fror:1 J a.l D ic-1 tillif\e) Cl hE-y c:Jo it 'liitt'l il clen.r !ltunr-i,enc
{they did.n t a.e,y oo, b\lf; CJ'bvi l:v vith as clear eon!Je.ience o.D gne e ts
1

Vt!"n.i..,on 1 vhieb aleo COD!e'S f lll CU led bema if )'011 lm,f it _iiJm a liaF.c-rlCl
tai1 r:J :ratnel:' :t.han frt.m 8 ccl'Qer butctlex 'W'nCI c,a.:( )lave iJough l frt ii:l
E!lc.h r). 71\ey peU t t. pcun .or orreuts imd. t40 and. up a
pcmnd J.or &Oli i1 (ire vb,ole & O't' ec iOilE' c"Q"'. f ;
r )'IJU) Thi'!]l ll
'St'1.l h 1 o:!" all oric.. iru::ludilll' outl':l of'-ltel and awi;lilti n'k
hic:h rDm C !:ilOth&:rt-nf -pea,rl vhi.on tbe,y !10 ly SSll ).rr;n bJ.Ck
Ior inl.ay wcu"k Ttiey k to t ll'lpne:med befoN you \ tlit. thcm.
1t loc'lts aa thaush e reaoh b e to t:IIDK1.11rp owr own odn a a"DolJI
thl..:!,. ObViously th r.e :no ust i ric tion .at 1 fo bti,Y .l.nt; POEle!bed
ivor)t. Ho v r, tf t;hhlrrd hAv to be lrop ilown {lf t.hey Vi)ren11
t 1 they W':lrlJld ata.rv to .r atb in hf' be e ther wou d be
oom of
th'=t:.i t Cif' tn cou.ld .reed 11 tbo e eu a iae.
Ute !Pn.l'ka woul d ib
klll d of'f by inturi.Gtlid ll.Q.}n whD.O.CO i'i_ldt. 1iU!bnl..De rti.V C) hE<l'l
I CAll 1t :te<!! - obj e tian tQ n{: the b,r-,roduct.D rana , ineident ly,
plt : 'ii ng the n ,o keap tr 't.it!ln Park gci . EUt i! you do
d(.-cide to bD.Y t.b!!B drc s:w-e -tnat J'CU d i: al ..a tn a. fil:l!l likc J ed-
l.cin wobc. onl;:, 'bl..l)... 1ie eneed exports lllld ilOn t toudh th _ pe ebcd. vor.
iilQi.i'J& labov )::: I rorgo o n.Q,Y h:;:t .P.ul aleo t G.ld IDII!':.

l th1nk tha a' \ameut n\hot e ma borewere ode wttn

ult1pla Tt o. er n tiOl:le 1"H!ren t' bPlis B very se ad J:b no!l 01
rapree n la ba troth 1 ha in 1 ohop 2 olfor ed
r&mera from a Vl !Hina B'-! Bh OIJ Will ta' s fot Ilda id \nlll laat
aantury ll'llld
1:. rm1 DB t d W1 h 'tlJO do a th IJ ,ha 1 t I'DU&'tri!i r rQfnB YDfH"B 11 O ..
UntDrtun tal1ad coot&ct oo1y w1tb the wl ow, Dnd leernad
no ntn 01 tbe orl in D tn e r r emera l con on1y oer hot
J t.no. a.r 1ong nollgb t.o 1;1 re G nt1 ro jo 1 :n e und :q tl' ey h "'-
tbe degrarra of rre1 KU rlt.h11 :tQ thr tl' 1ght cono w ic wa aro
ocuatomed tD !1n in 19tb o ntury !n \rament6.
I ll lA ..2.10 Jlr!.il h l.S De 8<.tn St cph u T _ rep ,{
Lu !l'U' ons \11'1. t.h .a e '\.Ion +-o 1110
111 So :ao oJ the l)Ol.n n :a or rural
erwutil 1n1. '3t r.tl!B i lllPOrlllfl.;: o t!' orln o r1 :r l hllJt.
th;l.i thc: ctLCbon lD clear DO b t.o rruL (.:t! n-xt "')
 bull .l5 p-5

llf replJ' ta J!ODr CJ..Del'll on l.a J,CimBl Blllllla 1-.. Ar: re

a o not beel4 on my eEperltao ltb
u
11v
ob o t 15 fr.
See. Be'b llerrln' artlo1t 111 Gatll 19,2,
2 loat aao-
a lt\b rI8Daa l7 8004 tool8 1 r.mlug aeGBpllbeB p011
l!l ,.... iDI
1 tb JJorlq '[11J.blah oulJ oo . ea,:mt&t.:r far
11 tlaal b9 i!' 1t 1 CIJllad.rl 81 1 1tb la lll'&a to be wh8t
f011
r _ lateretad 111) 1101". freqoeatl.J at..lll Z'GIII 1u.. . I
p'l'lefer tD ba obo bor,q apper po,rt1n ni lo . lth
moo'fbloieb.!hetoa _ 11 .r.brl!htr a4 o lxlb ,
ea tiJ, a'tU,ot mol'e o,oDra" !ho w.bc' pl"llle:r gp llore
r pel!lmabl7 tM11ktq o1' 'ttl 4rter \oa, bgt thot ea al a
lbl .GOG pll1 ud wl th lee 4Jaa4W'IID.t&IIGGia 11&811_1.
) tll 1ff1o' J or Jmpo,J'\aJt lbo \b l8D.Iltlla. A
Bab brl'lD 1'
1 \be
tb< liDbtlet1a l aJI
a:teaa Df aooa Clc 11:a t JI\. up to
1P lboash bJ.
tll.i
I a;at ArtbDr Bluodi
b
CJDJJ' 'IJrB

talle
th
i
1Oe

nr.
ti D8

15 ) Uau 1'ora t t1DI all DtlD'd r11l 11 a t.tl p1tab ol'e tbaa
an4e oa,\la j1 D t 4cnrasr4u, oa 1111 aba t \ loea ot.b,IJ' t.b1ma
too., apndtr:g on tbe m11ltlpla ...-. aa ,a ot th1 Jlol' .la
oraf'la& .rlq. o.,rblowlq. e a.
6]1 ,.
7) lf JliD! tarlJ Dl'ulr-aat. 7
8) lt oblODBlJ baa IG baatoau!.Bll 'ala oa14 m tD
. ,.D enl'eme ita.atlG:a. ea4 roo Casht to ID')EJB'lhl' Olbe1i
o9) 1 pues.
of re1ataa tb1 t.a1.
lJU lQ' .:q.er.te:aol bae e.l&J _ eo.aftaa..d tha, t 41.me:aloaall.J
1UDtora1 1uat.rwzu!IJnt of d1 fre rpt oa 4a r
4lff:r at. llBU tl!l8 UICJIID af oud ft l
o toDilllJ
CID th' DU, t11111 Df

1111 "'aa .....). J

t,be luatr eat makea 1 41ff,el'laoe la srma' wl'\t
lt 11 poa,ll '-D IIUI URloiUllr
14 ot1al loatromat tJat pla;v 1D mionl
1J jaoDl"aoJ' 111 ter ot rl,rr aa!eraattiiDI l plrtl
aralazo 11 moatl.J' 1Dcll'f11Giaot1J 41a, rll21i 1 11 ' tltll rtaeat
'ffort blT Ce r:,. 'la:rp. Autl :red 1 aa4 lblow!:ag aa ha
bato:raomtblaa
fleo oo1t,QGlng. groe
BGt pleaa
wrong ltb lltuldq
or ina\ra= as..lallat
ID
aonlllder:tos la' Co 6o to C!lDI.'J"eo"C. tone. w aoal4
ooollr aot oalJ lbl p!tah, h1ob aaD b1 ao rotl In
lea e, btt lao tbe qa lonJ A l.
Bull. l4 p. ll:'l'im Hobro'ugh vol\mte"rei to he p t ther 'ber-tDJ edit:ine
a. RlbHc ;fay;, he' esked peoplto Gei:u;l hia note of 'boolur 'that be:;y b.a.d
!CJmt- el' l.. lL hp h:id Dfl Npl:y ,. 'l'he in.f'o tioo iUl:<s.'b f::t ttaoo
Fol"JW i s lt.k lJi..nc i:n a.. 'bat ln - yau can 1t drtnk im'l'@ tt a.D a m in "
I:f' YCI\l V:Jnt o tM :iJ:Ifonnat.to.n rtllri. Hot-m.m:. fino that ' lihllt lo/e .ru,n i-t
.ter. &.t pl il.llJI ror by puttillg :in1"ozmatlon bk ln.. a.t .lt
Jik_ a bottle pa:rty - yau bri.tJs ;rour 'bot-tl o.nd drink :JIIl.lm one l "
:Bul1.. 14 Ho_l- = I'v hea.ri! no10h1Df har fNm
C:t'al'ts
Oou:ncil out tholr Con rv U .o Sl).we 'book. lithi!i neve
'1 or bey f.JN{ r not o ha r-vl
Com. J.a6. tfo.U'k S:ilit h -.rrite"' :
'i'h.l:! pie tu- i.n P: :RIIQ 1.4 , p 62 1 ba ... 11 jdo.n\:H1"'il
1
lec. . e ns dLl P L'lt''1e, .Pan.o. (e l7 0) f.?On
in tcd to Utc He nB fa t a !rilo tiQp
 DUJ..l., !J t..

ola
plOr.Vcr !) rSC
(! r e Jn i fl"':P' t1 e

't' ,
Cabi:a
re
by lera l S vest

(l.tJ etam.p. B.ei'I.Din (.211.)'

1
Le platst d 1iale Chh-
in 1664 at VrJoi1leD. (Pa.rlG., 'Biblio1hqu 1:n.oPnle 1
IDOJ'lC thtl rfo . G.rm bse Jn s
CI"CCUP o.r atrl.nr,-.pl cr.J rlth inat:rur: ent o! t leQ.Dt. fCJ.u' cU.i'f :n: Gi"' e
- tiollD ola. baG10 W1d ono inct :n.&mQJ'It Clf the ::i ond hc. ion '\C r.tJ.l
dcoerl.bed abQ'Yc. Thia tnulont iti of' o.'bc..t tbe a:i.c (ive11 b,1 l"eJOemJ.
(in hi 1 ohie JJW.vemcll * ot l6s6) or le 1Al"9!' t or
threc di!fcr-
al' rtola" !'O f o , t DC 'he hava bocn c:Jn:

o o a\u;ut the s oa Bach'a viola pompoo.u Ol1d b.eld

aame , Pi PE in "the 1.6810 S S'QIIe inst. at.; like t bis l rces.t
1
i' nch viola m:1t:with C"''rornpm t:trl.ncs. m -b.m to cello-R1\cb 1
BDd - vioto. da p.!lll.n.' or focot l.-f. 1..

: N il Buc.ltl d. "frit -: "About o11 for lloDd'llli-nds; in 1heal'th

food 1

c.:U'cl eolcl-p !lG vegetablP o l.s e bel.ie'lfett to Jllllcb moxe nu

i h.an tu Dil 1 hiah are rl ted ...nW pMc tl involvl:nB
he ete.....cold-pre sed oiho o usually ttw e tlet1.e.r , and in Caat tb
o:tdiina.r,( e are l quently rancid n 1Uacha.aed 1 tbO\IBh tb y 1r: oo
off 1 eno\18h to be uo ced by !II.!OBt people Pr GUmalJly th aold-preee
proc:e ia th one hat woU'ld b!i,Ye bert u ed 1.fi arly ic.' fi("IS 1 ero
co 1 be tbu.t t,be' otla vE.!' I,ILSI now e.rr:ign.lric-Mtly different !ro
.boae onginallt e41 Tneorn is al.ao tbpDIU?i"bllity 'ta.t EIQ Qe o! tlle
npI"UMM.l su e.rmal'-'ket 1tB.ti tic. bav eh mi cal o.dd:i veE (preaeot"''lati.rtW: ,
col ifie , t} or idu.c 1 so w D;J no be u.sing he rign
ba c,ee."
1_ 1 v deinit ly hu a powt iie I 1 n.ot. pl$hin8 for
:utb.eo-:tic'lty lJl 011 af r o pre!lel'Ve Dttt" i.nstrtllLcntn a:J be
t we e ) b t the ene thl that :Ul ccnse1"'11'a ion xp rta wm::n .agalJlLJ.
10 d
. a the 11B or mot rlale tb unknow, a -thue Q-t!;ib],y h.:aJ:111Ul'
'n ,. ! oil cay be good for the 'WOod., ilrut -t:he addod p .,na-
'tiv to. bil the;v 'Prer.:el"V the oi111 do tih o poal te to the
waoci. So, f t the cu.pe et Uld go E!i h!tr fOil" tbe ehemdc. BUfPl,)r
placr::! (,hich, it bey ay it 1' s pe cll 11 oult11 be el.l.ing plL.1'E! oU 1 or
ven
be er th b a.lt.h roott atoroe.1 en ""'Q ir. ly t.he oner; vhich pre ' tl.!:!'ir
l,J1II'J Jicck", Wl..li il llare e.i:' any a.i1d.1 tie be-ram you bu.y.
SU'XES'TIO! S a IeOll05f3pbic Di tiODfU)'; lAris. Pereira !J 9 \p pa..r-tl-
tion ar ll mu.l. . -die ionar.y DI u.:ot.r'IJml[rnt( :.o pP .ovio hall a.
lani. .r :1da a whila b;.ck; 1 don 1t o 1f he: luid nn:r rcopono; non o-
t \ bt:re). Mcmb rs cci.Lld ve tbe n es, _:e, or tn in tnaccnt
1 t t:lJJ thPlr own es.. 1-le s ior c:.omm nt, a.na so do l.
It mo)oagh p ople w re interested , it vodll tbcn b a tt r of inClinC

- rn n r (v eouldll 1t han 11 co bic a ;lob) but it 'Would b(! o:rth

tiY= add th e- botan.ie al
r rn ( . E
in diff t 1l
dlctionnr,y of tin
..,.,c
uu .. t cm I pO S.iblt!
you tmntiort.

your oo
 bu.ll .15 p.7

pro pa4i.ng to tJoltl a m ing in

.ffi.LDblU'fh of oa J..D\ r .s l.n lut building to d.i!:.Qlst: the varoun
prool 11' O.O&m:eiiOf w:fonnal.LDD
1 di)Sgri'S d oth -:1" topl of' :l,nt. reat
il MDn'in vill gi.Ye ko:e' 1 al ort lrt- s h 1'\ Gottli b late.
The rueet 118 ,.,.ill be 01!1 a. sa tl.ri.Q3; il y,G\1 lntereo t-ed, t in to C'h
"Wi th Et.A.Robe rl.non ( d.r :.:.:. in t'Jembers Li a-t) ana a Sa.turday vi U be
cbo:kn te sW.t tbc majority of tho Se i.ntt r : ta . lt !D.gh belp if
:you. a d 1 vhlah l!iO!)tll w(mld l!tll..i y.ou.,, f:t-om } by onwU"'l"', and ' Y
turday that you definitel) ear na e.
They Br-i! rJllLJ..J'Jg O. Va.t:i y of co E'B,. One OD f .)cUt!
m;a.l:n' i g fro }Ot.h Jun o 14th July anot.he-l" on vi!Jod-tln.'rJig, d te nat
yc- fi1f(: Th y al:sa b ve :re-aulal' uftrs"-ontakt Days lP u ch. 11 'but
! lllSuall:y .ce't thei:t ca:, .t.'!J:ii} jua a.ftr r..n Df
ourhS gone out ao 1:
Dllol' 111 cooo too la.h to tcll you Jbout it {the ne :t i s prl.l 2Sth
)'ou are m:rt likelJ' to h ve thJbetore th(!Jl). lf .you eY r inte'lr--
tttn.g \o be ill liollillld , ...nte to th ( thE' lirea l 1n \he Li t) d
if he.J."fi: 111 1 ba,nyth.ing 90i11g Ofi VhJ.l- )'Od r r hen AJ.l ttJ J-r
l!lt> r;bera knoa.bout us, BJ1d a rnm.ib 1' ot the lon \o llf' v 11 ' to
th , :iiQ yod 'l,all b fa1r'l!1' aur o!ba.Vifl8 !:'l.MHIG and
aoll or. rcnd.y-lJIMe all. OV'e't' H llnnd ... lf fllritir. te h tr cf fie.
::1eemo too .foiJDal 111 piok: Dutch Fntmm cen:ibunwbo ... in cr at i:n You:P
!nt"! _ st !}mi v.rl t ta h.il'.'l Qnd aD.k vbCJ M knO'Iof9 irJ b!c.hevr pazt ycu
f!'IOl ta ,
Pau.l .Railpeor1n,:
JnDOIJ!I!!ICG.11ent of -.: col'aes; ...l<Li' 21 - Jane1 9, u:r
SeJn1eft leL n /bfno q,u i)bOI!' . lnfa.r: at l on fr am Eotl:.Bc.h o le fu
B Lt & D r tell n4e tun at 1 tothringe.r Si tr .. , V:i,enno ..
ona 6 - lO, :U. iaa be tft liahn/reoorder a nd. uagl Bo.i1P!
l:r.iafberoGue
o a a 11 iHJpe to pu t. t.be emphaaoi n Dl"chru;t,ra 1 11ta rtare,
to alt:me! 1 aest utfi n<;e t f Peyone lne lata) 1 lnformst11)D :tram
Qeell &ft fle 11 1 .&m He1111llBtr.m 4.7
N01"1111 lltawha lJ,U' Blk. p
D- 2900 Brl\lmen 321.. Tbe b ' 1c roop 1 n.@'ue e i.lJ \e oa IIJn.
bat all :,\ t.a acbe T e srant B'Dgl.leb. (ona of tnem n o9a ra fHII
41 DliCtj
OI'FERS: Ticiber:!' : uric :ar "' .. i einta Auntralian tim'b'!l"a
ta'ifheh e.:re bes ro.r early inatrumi!T.lt B vould be happy to r;an...
llEIY 1nfol'matiofl on to e ther who mlgbt DE' int rested nd wulil .also be
gl.arl or cntlll:t i !lifjyon- clse 01" 11'1 in toen their u e in
n.ny o her cowttrles..
D n::: Irui Ec:t)Vfi' P : i 1 of!e lil obt.in photo-s 1'!the 1;;J:S oi"
Of- ..fie ketybo _ D!' bt:clng llUrw:IOOtC 1n tho Llabon Mwi "
0rr)UIIr,: Hl!' h lao bn mal :l.ne COI:i:lp ll!tln'll :ntors of' the _
ana in fgrttq.-al UJcUl ding M:l.deira IIUld the
.l&ore.rJ 1 and be l' a.rchi'-'1!
of 1::0:11::' hw:uln!dl? of plloto.o, whicb he offem te a.DJCIH? lnt ref:tK at
ct pluv poat If yau h ve np pt_e collt on of o s !rom
o n r 00\!11 T.ie he ght b nt ateii in xchanr" Q1: pbotou ratbr;or
tl'l e:ash (heo - E s :( _ ftr thE" n :rl f:t tn ),.

v1t!hm'4:1 & Sflne ; e rum beQJl rJecm13e of , keyb.::u:u i..n!.ltru

mentin thLi bon Muscurn o!r, e1that eQst er b1 eh 1
blue' rln t.c of .a.n lOD UJ:i 1 th Cl!l'lt"luy Po'rlq.gue cl[t.vid1Qri and or
M oatav,- pinet ti,Y taet.,:vunm C ,:ttlllltU , 1626.. [!E!' SD h hli.S .Ot5 of
h'l o fh%3o othe't' r.atL'\Jl:l ntt: 1.n "tbL lr:LlSOUJil; 1 yau ell! )lj [1] wh:a
intt!"\lJne ts Y0.\1 yo: in te :d d. in 1 h_ wil'l t.ell ifOU a ho:- 18 got
' o l"!l.l1"'L1. :loto and fro Pox-..._ :
e &1' bcgilln.i.ng o lnU 1 \l.p cui te a. bo.l
ra.n 1 r.! , anl w _ll th !o.rm 1 off 1 "'hich
l i ties 1 you re .n. th t ygne -..ho Dttb-
be l 1.a -:read 'Ebgllch i;o !i-olll!! 't 111 !Jij h. t
tuck for 'too m .:an.illt o t.he IQ\ld voru or pm.'WHl in
,iJ mt mb r i..n tha.t oountey ami a.rik hia or heh lp.

Br1 l,e off l."a to e E" an kl:ea Sfu:::t"eta:;ey .for Al:l!ltTall '"
h r b 'd be lling to orgtgJj1!H!' hMRI:II Sa a;l"fii (.ancl wb th l" .ouah a.
thi.rle i5 :p:r tic in counh.l" be 5ize o!' .A-u&t.ml ) 1 don 1t lmoll; i.f
JOU th.lnk ite worlh t t.ey-ing 11 ge'- in to1.1cb vitb h.J.m,.
ClJifts..- Too t'l: Alex: .a;;nc: vauld :hapw t hclp memben: et. t.oo1s , glu.Et
d otb r ter;ial.s ti-Qm. ArJer- c.a. ei 1er on a oa.sh O't' an Hehbasi
if you oan pt the - 1,. Lil.st tte he v bere, he brought.
do cn battl. G .,.:r Tit u:rn glue (Ml. lO p.9) whieh 1 pas ed roun those
neQl"b)" .and illtttr nt ., ,
.I!.EQ!JES!)S: R coriierD ::. Milo Pahor is ilookinf3' .for a replica.
QPtl'ttES &
recomer- t 415 pitcb fo-r TeleC'lai'Ul m1d 'Bach ; h b.aG a Stane:;by copy but
t1W1ks ha;t Otr.OtM.ng JUSt B tlt1:1E tet" 'loi'OUld b.' bet t e:r fe r t bcfl
compos rs a.mi for t!h . ... trio :I-On t 11 etc C;;p anyone aevi E!! hilrl
) .. o 3 good e:1 and. b) lU3 to scod maker?
l!ov : LW. E2.t U: -
Vt!.B P wbether anyone J:la.::; t:rieti ue:willa'.l
'i'inke viol nndfor rcb- c. b Be r.ro p roEnJJnabll' lika te know wh
ht:!.r
i'e auy od :f'or this..
st ngtba ; AntlJDI"L)' a>befl.J aitik:s for adVice on 9't.'r'i.lengib .for a
an Iut. Uild 1600. He n:;s ben 'W :t'lg_ng tn:r.-oggh ;o Do"land a,nd
fin ame cf tb1 1 f't-hantrt.:r&tahos nposGilbl us.ine' a. lut " of n ring
ltm&tb 59c.m. llc- io th!nki.ng oi' m.a.ki.ng' 8(1.oth r :bout 55cm or ven lec..
,mQ aD.k!J r iV cne ba.s y O" tion.,

ubL_ Re .aa: Re would .s.o ppr e: a.te vtco.n doub r!!ed mak1 ne ror
-l"'..mh orn:fi, baepl:pG , ('te , a-p e &ly sourcos or t: :t rial.. H hfi.C .ad
ia.tncD oo!lwln.dn blitt !L B furt.har hclp. Thl.:o HJ a requ Gt b.ave hadl
bf.i! - vollld o one be ki.Dcl e-note it.e u::: Oomm. cm .i. t?
Wind tnat ent ,Pl.Ms: Jac W'oodahl a.sler.e ""Pl as publi hrq,1.1e: t for
'P d atur....-mC!nts to lru.ild n!naisa.anc a.Ddi ba.raqu ld.nd i:n .-
rwD. .rnt. n 1! ,gi'I/E!u no !!;JM!tllic indica.tion of vhich. lnsn:"Um.l!nW b 1G

aftcr - rhaB Al1 of thQm1

nut plaw: ; Stevll !I..BI'Ucin would be gr; .teful f'o1" pl e or m n n
oi tl:lo s;t:!P l popllla.r t th'C cloco of tt,-. 19th e-entury ;
"in etbc:r l'ath DeDnuteo.. H"'ltmld bE!! gl
1. _ rhe .ght vrite ro .!mch ']ll..wls;.
Iti"es R11 reb e Rl'.!ec::u:'ti'!r Pelix; Ra'J.dcm.H..as SilYB tbat t.hf!Y bav l.D tbt-
LC'nlllo,r !:"l'\l.lll l att'l:r.l ua tnbl(alto) rccC)J:'der o.f cbe:my a.nd' iv : cy.,
wl icn loo : lik- u. ::aon,., Ho w ld 'bl'} vcry ;grn,t ful ff) phot
gra M a..r- m mrurement.s of' :are recorrle:r, , and eup ly f't'lr de ail
o:f he foo joi.:nt b C!:I.U.S t.he foot .:m U.eir iru:'t't.U:Jtm J:Z a n.:pl.aecc t-
h.e eopi:ti M)l!J oomcth@r l.Mit.::rum.t!nt f and. he. uld lli o
aot copied fro Can anyone help blQ?
rd ah:: Geor &wdet"' a i.nt!!res i..n tht ,. linsee d . ter
fo.;.;;;r..=.;.col'l boa.r\lr.. (Comm . l7i), but fe.azo_ LlL.a.t all t.hat. war llllib L
lv aCt11cr c. or r:L gra.in .. HP ]CE:. vhe Jler ono? eM o
nd a good brus fiN..11 (prof r...bly a :radi ian..-:tl. ac:ltt ha. h can
up r:or luier:.) - cr bae , ne.s, ned.:: lllld. h aa.. Pl nene me copy
for sen ral rcl t cn
:Pi.dii1cn :: Olr;nr G bson r nt typ l)f m . it''J'al
f ddl ,1! Md .ld . J.::e to be ,in tO h " . h otb rt> no lie dart! to
XJ- 10 ...: theF.:JI18rlf'f"luus inflt;Jtwtl!.nlot by ...i.ru: th('W Gound 1n L of
re int.lFm .,. ob:i,...cts cr o.r-t or blstocy . I b li th:1 t.b rL
 bull.l5 2..2

1n o:rosti.ng &xpe:rlence5 to excha.nBe . "

t.he oritdJlal
Cali la : Tim Hob:ro aaks vhothc:r .myone can g1ve hi o nhoved him
ordi..ng of Cnlilei u co['".;l]entti on th ' 1 I:rish gentl
'' b 1 lrinh ' b&rp, in th:n ori 1..

ood Bendlng: Luis tevos 1zu s for inCo tio o.n vood ben-
met:hodB 11
! xurpl lor 'brdge Ma b ntsides o ha.rpaichord .. .
C,rJ
Charl Fo.t'd new 'boolt (aee t plct :reviewa elsovh re in t.bl.r11 icrue)
von t help bim *c:au_o:;e t ol.y eove:ra 1 tedl b mtide11 .
FILING FoMRHIQ; Geoftrey Wi1ls s G b b.aa l:li3Cie a bind r for FcMF!DIQ
11
fro:D thm pi<ec a o)-ply, 'WO o f tbell1 "% 6"' 111 the other r jn
1(&lbout 24 2cm by 15.3 ond ?. 6am) joi.Jlod vi't.b clotb bind!De and FVC
trlue.
B ch-ille 12 ho es iop afld bott of tb ' inch ;pieca anci leadB twine
t1lrou,gi'l the bol s d th central p 111 of ea.eh csu A.ll be a, s
i t , .I find t eo.sier to pWJeb mine in two place-f! nnd. put 'them in
lc; aRe-leaf bindex (not a nng billd@r 1 bu.t a. Bunt & Jh'oadlnu:at Loxon
bWor. whieh USt!& CDrd. througb the holeo so that 'When tb corda
rel asod i rill llc na.t) v.i th r1gid boarda. Oertainly 1ther o!
theg 11:2 thoQ.c volas th unual hUD for wherevar on la.st put doWI'I
hl.chcqr number t ie: yo cant ind.
:: Jobn W' cton han a nt ;:
'lb Aerop!!one Paat.ed Over

'lrr'hile viEiting sdlool in the Mi.dlud,s th:is month l came acf'Os.s tb

folloving par r ph di p\La d on the wa.U; 1t wae earetll::J v tte.D iD tbe
ch1ld 11 s bet handl!irr:J.. h.n. Tbe b.eadlin C411pt y at once udl t.b whol
t rl JiaB b, nted t inc 1 have given tbe ext her i t v.t-h just.
ene r ll etop aded ro clarity. I hav nobly re t d thc te tatioa
o! cor:r c.tin th.e pelli.Dg 1n linc tbree to !loehm!

I w: atandicg in look:-1-q tawer, veq, l aa fUl areophoae ec::=ing

th lB ., .,. rrsy beart. starte d t-0 beat f' t. I r..:J do-tiQ a.s f" t l eould,
I re np a. rocky hill 1 to whr tb r .a &. biS b fhe. l lit t as
fu.t 1 co lcJ, d 1 p.at e trellh gr eleave.o, to e it oal.ct 1
d e SOS in bi hie sto es oo the DUAd. 1 waitcd hopiag t plato
had epotetl tbll!: SP.O Ei4dl.Y tk ro,pbonpaated. over, bow &&4 I , th r
migb t oo'L b a.no th r erophone , ho d l. " u.
t mnllrS: I shall be bt-r t tb er (I h hoped 'tio to
Le pz.1e Io:r the CD1C COnf c.r e in !iJBwJt 1 but con r t al'fori th e.ost)
and - ll be pp) to see All'f of you e ara passthroush (th1s ppliea
o those who ll h , too}; P ve BOt a f w huiltlred aer nones 11 'lle 11
o er in tJ:-w::tmta!l o I &h 1 b>e looout as you ted over,..
I u leave thion for 1 t l:l.lnutc rc-que.o:to etc
U3Wll .

Them t any. co that1s t for nov.

Jerem,y Kon

Bulle liD Su plcm nt cm back P'!le. D.

lO

J3o ve:reKont.,ckt : The late s G:Jue includ a aa artlcle on the PrL!Ileh

flageolet by 'l'ocn Mmmen1 witb a. Cl..raving and mea,.s-l.lrlDfmto af a 17 n
c.en u.ry 6%ampl (2. pp); tvo short de.sc.ripticms of' violi.n makers 't planea
ancl (I think) purfl.ing cuttflr (1 e eh) by C. v. d. Y.a.3,:>; ani
llus ka\ Ltrtielc on hu.Z'd,y, s by TooEJ - oD n (4 fi'FI)
1 o ly early one::., r edlaeva.l and arlj' renai.s:;ance typcsa brlcf
note (1 p) on
'bend..i.ng l.mno by Beman 'Rit ter & Ha.rri J'rankcn ; det ai1 d !Jescrip-
ian oft.be lute course a.t the Germanl:1cbcs r tionalmu.s.eUlll .rnberg 111

by Pter van RiJen (ll pages} witb ill trat1ons. DJila Abbott h
the copy; fi yovt' send ber 1enough for xero1 prices
(about lOp a page) a.ntl l,IOSti1$1e. Rec.'e iber t . is all in Dutch.
Polalde_ .at:rur=.errtx Luaove by strmi::::lav 01 d ki 11 'PoGlkic Wyda:wnictvo
y me , KJ:."ak6v, 1976, .,135.. Pierrc Du.c' pt. kindly sont m a copy
of tbil!il bco., which ineludes a number of 11ing early imrtrument!!
b still used as falk inE:oti"Wrren s .. ll.JDoDE them are fic:ldle:; of
va.:r oue sizea lll ftbecs, hu.rdy e 11 duleim,.:ro 111 duct !lute01, vhi thoma
(eoilecl bark sha'IQ!a) ,. ba&Pipoes (a e with bladders a!'l o and e
vith skiD b ) 111 d..rwta 11 e'Le.. !ach instrument is i:llu.st. ed wi th on e,
oc onally ')hot a.phs,. 'lile o:nl:! dimen!!ioc .Sual.1y ia ov,erall
JD:O.l"e,
lengtb. I b see:n tht! ok llstorl in ' "iJE cdorE!' hon J:i. a.atalogue
'JI!
(1515 ll..'San Vj .nt.n Blvd .,:Bv rly Bil1s 1, calif .90211) at 15; i! you
W'ant a eopy t eould al no be wo:rtb 1:eying lll s lif!.HlJ.C: Shop or
our mecbe:r.. Tony Bing'hac and B:L. an Jordan ,.,

FoMHHI Co 186 A
RaviewD of': 1 a Foro (ed. )t oe Ji..ln!eal I.rwt nts . rlnga &
K }bea.Ns, Faber & Fabt:r , Lo:ndon 1 1979., 192'pp" 13 platesnu;ner
oua li.n drawinp n5.00.. Ac:a riean e-di tion (Pantbc-on , New York)
forthc:o 1 pric to ba- anno1moed .
Gene:ral l."(...yiew 1 Jerem,y Mont a&a

s lD 'thE tt ectio.u .of mul ip e r v.LLw . W tbousht that v would

do l.t t:J'1ia vay (.and a..rc crato!ul "to re.oer & a.b r for supp'!yi.ng nough
review copiot: to it poc...ible ) becau5' no o:nc revieer coold do jus
ic to a book t at eovd ao wid a fi 1d. 1ere are six separata
e tioruJ: The Vio 1 by Di tricb L< :oolorThc wte 1 oy Ia11 Harvood.; 'l'be
Viol.in 11 i11clud.i - thl!!l '!.:Lro=1uo ,Joli 1 "by A au1 l"!'f'ne Cla ioal Gu.i ,
by JcB.Dmanilloc; The Harpaiohora by 1 cha.t:l Johnso.n ; Beotoro;tion and
CanDilrvaUon cf BJ.etorieal r ical lnG'truct:ru 1 b F'ri e
: ann Hell-wig.
Elch B e ion in r.: VievIJ here by 3C.a:: OUt.) vbo bulld9 l.nct.rwnent!'l of lbat
m or 'ofhO icr. O rtl II!S9ionl Ten Ot'C%' i1J'II Qilll tnc fOre jud t; tia
D o ion profeDsi.m.a.l y , but b"c.at-Eu;h re ar.,. llltD'lY eople w-110 t1.ink 11
 11

th.e"y Ml14 to bu..ililt 3ll ilult."rum.4mt lha.t don* t AilD'W' unu1b :bou.t ,
"e Ulouabt t:ru..t thor ihoul4 o b ll , neral ;r, vie by aoau3Qlle wi:Ja
s !turt an npert ( d lllllY,oll rllha seen tba Ive ltiDde
11 knw t.ha.t. t.ba (li :;cri:rtion rt t rl )
lby .i.rJ.g tbat t.bia tu not book f'or t,be, ginner.
Cbarl &' :5\lm paintEJ ou in hia in trocbn t 001 te cont:rl-
aaalm!ed t.bo.t the readtt!r ab'eofy b io k!novle _ a.
oodvo and el the 11:1 an.d lwl1Uit_1B o:t tool (agre:d that EJJJf' QJ\Ler
pticm wuld h ve e the boo'k much lo r, Dll.d ye't I lecl tha.t
'h m mu!lot b 1!15J.f CWI!tolnerrt. pot 't.ial. a r . vho ha.ve- les e.QI!r-
UEil!' tluuli at of th ho'l'll ), and for ethu &"'el'&).. a:r tb
a.utllo:rs !!!!el, to uswne o.r even - te :tb t they - S1lJC!. that. the
:reader aJ.raady has S 1! kiLo bdge O( bllMD .imfti.'Um!m ts - iJ: h
or he lmd :t they uldl net b b\Qfi.DB o XII n :iw
an ao bauie a boo .. ,o is:
art or tktroubleit is bacic d et doea no covall tk_ i
PU"ttb. o is ne ta te n,m. '2.9 hd'V can. une b(lpt! to col\fO'Z' Gix lnlCb culb-
e<oto. in ]92 s? Corta!nly tb boa:t rill be ,. tul li) he r
id 'to te more C1'Jleri nQed Wl ll; 1 j t don ' t -think th t
muttKXb'.
eV' x:pe::d,e:nc d ori wortinl!l", co:u.ld
aR a dece.n.t iP At i!, Q.ll
the :kna le lhl!! had llia:J 11/h.a. he re.ad her ( .tb., as W"l shall aee. 1
H!rft onT: e-Tc ption) . BJ,t 1 t un look :t e!ICh s ction., ,
Viol:: So cm vho .m.adD violilnl 11 anal vanta a crack t Viols.. or
wh9 ltla:s Jth r trm ins nt bui din .xpm ene& 1 YoUld. !tna t.hi:f!'
G c.tion W!ey usll.ful e, but it is Dot 't all t!l:iDy for a b:8ifmM
or tor CJiri .n l.ikc myMll o knowl!. vha.t _ Vi.o lGOq l..ikJ but lllhe
b rle'Vi&r tz:ie te lNild a tri.ng i.n&t"r\litifr.nt"' Soltl(!l D f till!' ti Dl\c
doeo not even kncv ,.. t. he n ta.lldJl8' a.bou nor w.h.at he m ann.. 'l'h
1 DO ll ton ef bovr; a.t allr nd tbe wol'd libow 1 dOf:' not even pear
in tb iniimt .. lf you did G\lOlll!iiBG 1n maJe' ng a ?iol , b.ow uld YO pl
i t? 1(h" I W'1"0ng in that viol '{II.Dd vio11n malee )
at1ll :m,ake t:h bo v l, ju!lt itQ. tkey use to?
'Tbe wtet TM.ith ID2U 1C'.XC: ptilo:n a IDiiY" Natu.y, ,'tidneili It l' .
exemplarr llrlJ.ale exoellen ly deto.t ed and be ti1ully ol.e.ar,. Epli
'SP will probably clout ror sa.)i.Jl... thls11 'but at'ii!r :re
thi cba.p r I rc;a.ll tht tb :t ii I tmtt: to lfu:ild a lut I bail
1
go0d cbm:J.c;e Of belng ablP i0 ciO 0. (lever a,galn Il ed anyon
how tQ bu!.ld a lute ::p VE!.tl 1b$iolq-te b em Bhoula be blE!i
Md carry out mr ry pme na.. 1111 th rt & iiU"'@ VE!t7 elear cJ a;r
i ly 'Ulldazo toad.. 1 .:;Jp .:t tha.t tb ro an tha:t this R;.etioa i
tke
bo.c i tn,t Icm Ba.rvCJod ic pro:t' ion:U. t a.cba:r CJI Gtl'i.ng t
1Daklne ( t tne h!nd.on 1001lege o Jum:i u.l:'i!) P "' _1 1 a pi"' .1 sio
maker 1 where s 'th rrtn -r a.uthorn prof l!Girmal mak rs but not p
rem:;ion t : h 1: as " ll - cm.e ao AalifC to J a.m. how to acb as v ll
.h lol to !Dil!k.e, and thl .a-cction i.eme af th b 11 o.not.ra 11:1ns: D
th t s t tha! 1voc
T'l V T.hls eeticn -a ii.most incwnpreileoa.ible'.,. 1'-aan,y tal:mfl ana.
ialin
ools tll"t] -n Vol" d.ef1ned (e.g. \l'hat is a tJJ..a;p OD (I thcnl8ht it Va.!! an
organ pl:pe ,1 cr the Frencb ior 't1tn.:in rort:) (IQ 'the :en \e' af M
belly? What J.s. 1tnlrt.rwn.Qbt st '? lt(na.t i tlle- tl'ough? (it in ri.
tilly irporlant t tm it Mtt.lr pur.fling, .,_h teve.r it in) t i
the.
t u.ndhal p et 1 ? ... CM Qne 111
CN:.'J.II t aa
adllJeae: ,gut? I v
nevec eu Dn vith sew th aa ana uut).
aa nl1il proceBD
nre n Vf:I" deac.ri\Jed (e. g. t.lUaknesDing)., I.tm arr d :that t'rQ. tl e: itm
!t:i u.s lt!s :rccpt lo p ple e already 1cnow b e a viol..iil,
bey dcrJ 1t :n i t.. 'l'h G.:.l:!.t on oll the qul'! Vloll.!l is a p
a. ha.l f 1Ol!,ft (! ) andl wha:t. l.1. ttl' t!XfJlan icm O thdi..f fDre.ncila:
1
:i 1 the coae:m intJt t:!Ot n are ::; n(l a grea. de or hel.; t nar
1 pect pnrtieu1arly urat . Fbr lF-1 why in iis ..6 l
the bEl u h br.zog'!le vtol.in nee.rly tvice tbick
""' 'th.._l of thc d irutt: ent? (S ly V11..1.lld d.n 1 t ithe
bl? ec of l t.he n tll.D.!l. he enr.iae ?)'"' L. he 'brldgaa d.
,f! U not lrnm. lmown buoq\lt"
Cl e {e .s-. St-rad..ivarh&!::)? Wb:t the b .., bar ;)lld tn Iin6e bo
so lo (tbeare 2mm di!fJ cb tweon th !irig rboarJ te brid
di.trt.anoeo Oll 'the tira il:lgD; lcm on tbe Ka qual!l 1 ac-tu.aJ.11 .00 1
suppoe:e thiso r:nean!Cl that ei"di.Dg t.n M:r.;P wl11 th'baroq: "" fi.J1.6'e-z'l'bt)aJ..'Id
,.- a,bou't _3Bb rte:t" tbaJJ tfl Od m .a.mJ 1dCin 1 t be1eV"li mm). 'l'be't"
p_ ..e,.,. otlle:r 11 dont li V in hidr.nf.,TlS' or be DDl.l"a!lUC'
nolllt 1 ot !'l leave tho!le to t.he e.xpe:rlu. Ntr d.t I elieve th t
plfurther u tne /ingez:obt lJ:t'd ine a.ned tbe pitch and ntrlng te.n-
iOlll <te 1 Del' I cert.o.in tbat ODE' e:an s.o.y tbat the E trln& of tbe-
'bamr .e Violln w o! ! ov!E':red gut . In J:.iJ.et I bav, mmpicion
th b dOflmll' t know mue!h about baro.qu viollos.
'lhe C1 cill. Guit.a.l': Tid :1 ;i- :r ally nct G\111' onc m, a in what b
a the mQdam SUi e.r fo,r Blin'HIU!D lt!IU3Jic G.s d:iot.i.Pct :fJr-om ihe- tolk,
ute-el d lectrie BU!t .. a oetion it i.9 co -e h!!!lp ul th nt
on \he violin, vhich ullln' b diff cul. t. and l<:tl blpful thM b
on thi! no , so ag;:Un t 1a nc-t a lot of u.ne 'to he be er.
RI]?!t:iel1ol"d: 'Be\te-r th:in v..liol and vi.ollno bll n"Ot an good aG tlL
lut .. 1'hu- ta veey lit't1a reall1 d taill?d nfo 1'"n Q tb.a. one
would b oontinually wond. ri.ng hov H.n p o:f be job ilfj act1mll;J ane.
Tn l'!" an: b4: atri.ke aoc. dllb Cll.E!o procea.aeu BUclw ' e.tJ..P&
111

the ben olee. Dl1 rMclo,m e l. oi' l af a, Wl i; ths even l.in

( 1 lheore Dn-) on cut tins' 'kh e,, whl.eh inrae jllJit t, llc you bcw
to out e.i.tcle en tbe aoW'lllboil.rd .- havlng don t t , W'btl.t do ycu
r:lo n rt'? Nor i!l. "tne yl:hJ.ng a.t &ll on tun!ns'; Em.Z"ely;ou can t ju.
stick tbe v.lr-@ls en and }[!< ve :re 't.Q h erurt r?

F\l@F"tol.'n.tiG1'1 1 1etcJ '!h ;-re i muh to ca.iiD favour o hic chilptcr,

but I can e e no re.e.non . C!l:' in : luding :i't in tls oott. Ir e ynne vb,o
nc ds 'trl ro,Qd thda. bovlc 'W 'tiB :le touch ,genW.ne ea.r "J in. t.'t'W::lcrrt ror
suclJ -purpan-e b wOtild. boci.mt..nQ.lly i .d .bl , Al11lha.
a d i.o the p ople ..rhcthl s. "b-oc .r. t: !
led 1 " Ll:.z1 the
1

'Ihisaction ia follovd by the- p1 te-s athicili r ther an Olir.l a 1 ct-

'l'bc v!ol, for i.D.Dtnnc.o 1 iJ; ;ebcw front and bac.k , bu.t 110 ...id \olQ.1t;;"
lw;rte iDlle Df lea Fc:rr :ll'D,1 not onc o!I H.l.r;looci':o , but
1i
t leas- eholtn 1h.ree-qitlarte:r: view 1'r01rl bt th !'ro.nt llJ'ld 'boo and tlte:r-
al: pict'U.rtL.ot:. of tJ.e J..n.:3dE!S Of.' he Ha_ batiD i,p '$.rnhE"t:;; tb 1: _ ts
no viol.in but a o il in r;ut, se that the -prQportioras "4ill conl l.h
read r, bU\ tbe1 d eron s e ion, so bat enae inolde, o!
ma em a:baroqu violin - th o.nb p ep - le dJ rr J.t:nrrnc s 1.he
wt;o fingorl:toar, ond l1kF the Viol tbere is no. fil vie"" the
SW.'t.ar ra.h r ti cr il}ll,;,.--t;T- ted, !' lincE' b.ke 1.h'L' l11tc thc vi \lo
sllf;h J.:, obli u'C:, hi ti n:o abtlV' 11 Q ttJ t th. ri D& c:an b s::een.
T,h harpoiebo:rd l he efrl off , wi, h tJu-eP V \la of llfl "' of Mic iiEtl
'I'hcm ., ':Ln v ious f;l:!;; " iUld. a rtieal phpto ,8.111! WL x- t1Q' of'
o g n (Ct us .1 of l6e ) an1 a t; du .U d:rof )'le .. l.n t.na-
men ; \bis IJ1i8tt be te' J.lae t'ul V 1" t 1W t ihat t - 1t.
the t: Clldeo.m ou 'lt1e t rl o!ttu l1cle, ili ;!'t r T
rollo a- tbun a hri r bibliagTtif.ohY 1or
TPD.r n -e et.: ..on ,
8 al 'billli Oi:T'afJhJ 1 ti DO lll!(1JilS or whi.ot:h is l Ynll
Ceaen tbe Jori.h'I.I.Dlbr BD r ._ .:. got to deo wi th t.hi
t..b.h'l IIDatt_r ury or v d Murrrp 1e: oo Ol'l MVal
l.l'l:rtrucent ?) cr uol!ful {ho mcb '11!11.: .!G ,1col cr V
te te pplc: wno ollly kM .., .hi boolc?) .. Th bJ.bl u
 rf:iV:levsay
t it: hAS
hopsd11 Th

FQMRHJ. Co;mm.188B
REVmW: :MA.KING llTSI AL JNSTRU fENTS Ed.. CB.Al{LES FORD: CHAPTERS 1.. !
A D DAR E V rLIN PA.R'T 0'F ' Eph S ennan
Tbc ba1do Qs;nxmch tJf lhle book rton ttttude ni'ber 1)(' 1rn anul L
l.n8\nm! n\ ma.Jter l6d4}' t D.ne wh-ab
1
ddeDB ID 1t l!ll lhiLltb r O:rafl.&men fh'B't.
f1 1n very colemporaey tm& J d rJtPNtaha kn eorly-LD Ll"U.Dlen'l mllk:l.n eeond.
Tb m , of modern gu.li r ud modern, lolln& J!fnh ute vlot.s and bachoTd.a la
_ ppropr1 t here bet u e th me ppr bi ed Tht ppr - 11 ' t one g1 es
thc custamer wbat h.: c.xpeci&, and thos.a.&p ts rDf d Jgn and con.e\raat on melbods
t.b,at th cu tomer 1 nQt eru ,..,. lo t"e fUI ti ttb maxture of mod rn o...n
lnd hona ealh tic and m lhodo 9iicul ere llvft.y, and cxprdiau:y. l would l:iav
pref rn.-d mu.ch mor- cern wl andl appU Uop of. rese :r,cb un orl deatgn
f a.lure and co truction method on the rJy natrume.n
Modern N"5 o! rly tnfltnma mi:! bow Ehelr l nf rea ct ror bl.etory l)t
t. ln V r_y quk b1 decid ihat lhe)' app:r el ll tbe :S efi.Ce Q( b iDBtnJJDent IUI.d tlJcr-efar
re ''n bbladly at dee iooo bout w, ich
1 d.e Jla oJ odgirud lnlnum nt.e and t.betr
mak Ft! lm,cJrfant an.d 1.1'1 to be ad.opled, od wblch oo CB!J lt eJ.y ltr. F hav
th r apecl ror b 'lory whh:b 11 d h to, lmo \bat ll\il e ne is e]ualv
1

amrnhnuou15L to be invr-alaptfll by exploring a.ulhe.nua d gn lltlld pi'Qc&-h:e

U th maJc,e:r nslvely usl!d 'he frulLe ot rmod m technology lo produce
'lostru_menta 1 on wotdd .qJ el tfUI.l Ji BC' toul would .E l!.nlte lbe r 0 lll ho roT'
e-fflc tmU produc og n!Sittum nlB. But OJlm \DCL1y UR baad too1s v ry 8lilll l "
10 e us by th crrart m n bu 11'lGCSc tbe 6r1 lnnli.nslrum bose craftsm d
lot moTt: per MID ma.klng lh !8 mslrurnenta llun modern lllli.kt!ra.. Th y bad
thc
m - eCftcJenUy p oduemg mslnlmen.ta whleh er>e rl bt [or the job. lauapec
lh L they w re amore pr-or \ n' efU-caeocy or Brcrlaualy. ance modem mak r
lnsh (1 or r ea-rc'hl 1'\d akln&:- dvaJJ or llbe rQPerten.ce of th arly er ill prtdcr
10 Lfeve:lop thelr G'W'D metb . No ooder eDJ"1y iruururo nts re 160 m:pens Loda.Y
l'h sltanwud af wrJU d diUn In tbts book L remar ly ht b.. u. oD
3 t em' ndoU h1.0U.nt Of p C! CDI lnf&nm::dicm UB-efuJ fOT tbe bcglinnin.g nutikrr. Jt llC er-
CO.ft b 1Duugh ror bliD t.hoLJgh. Dce ao mucb Uml.s d.Uflcull to wrL bbout nece sarl
glr ed m er ro keep - e RoW' f'f lhe re.ad ng or th rme 1r lnfrtrurneot IIiO..'Itt!r h
n1 lnevi ij- [onn lhe maJ rHy DI pur er-s. "fb pro:fe 1 l mak-t!r will o 1' d
lhlror book lnc, b 1 _y lqt r led an cDmpa-rmg tr'lcks. plcldn up 1 n 0 u
lUid con 1 ultH n_. IU.m el! on the ones bt" ua \Yhtcb ar 1'b Lter 11lhan 'Ul LPnt!
bouk.
 My c:ommun ar numb
1" rerred. to.

C PTE.R 1. ''Tli.E VlOL"' BY DlETIU H -

1-!S 1 C:Usagre 1l K .ss er that l1s way ar Rg vio& 1& Ule rit l on at
lbe- momeut-. My i,UDeO:L 16 oot in t.enn.a uJ
p'lnlosopby but Ln tenn (Jf pred1Lion of f'Utu:re m r'kll!'l..,alue.
Knsl L& aoUdlJ! Ln tb b st o1d eraft t dllion or doJ.ng bi b lto IUV hi
tMn wha't tbe)" 1lliaftt. Tb e etIGDle llave a.l y lbeen &trongl mflu ncd
b}' Ue e Ule't'., uf tbe Dwdem Btri.mg e.vund. Tbey dem rul TI!' erve power ror sp
al OC'cutons ,e,.eo iJ tbey WS'IUIUJ play w dl d \teacy. Very fe lf
any Jiv ug fJralLBm n
ve tbe iDUmatlmowledge of 111!11 many or glnal vlmle. Krs.sLer W Bul hr kn01
tba.\ an a.ec teo opy rarm
4l tort od woU wUh lbe t.andal'd b{gb-r.e.nsltrP Pi.-.BU
1&l mgs thallbe beUevo b cu;stom r wi !U olll u1.ng 1 he makes rul.rumt,"Dts whk!b
'Lll WDf'k Wi\h tb BfitT1np. Plnstnll wlll m8lll"ing,B or ny -u e U pTioperly
peatered. ut iJ Jbe pl:B.Jer are RtiBfsed wby G'f'lo'uld pj trc tOr Ke& leT d dUf Prently?
(ActuaUy K sel F d s not l ya comP' Lely Bl:lll'CI! d" s n.cc w ha ve hu.d lil!l' cure
ohe icb dt!!vrlope-d (;ru- pl y11Ilg&in on qU te rew o bl l'11Strumen . by pr Id n 1

i!trtngo1' 1 r lena ion.)

Ther :re fW,o clloel (Ir Un;n: ghl baul t.d.benhrc't aJQOn t. p'laver -ant11
-.t111Tbe v l m jotUy of t:hem see:k 'b uty tbe p.erce ve t Ursland ep
utht!nlidty only 1.0 th Yf tmt thaL U. ootr'i:bat 81 to lb b uly A "i!Wih minol'1 y
1

lbou,gh ts _nlel"e lted _ o - plorlD , lbeaty u the coJnpQ!!Ioet.s p reetvll., Tb(l)' lRBL.Sl
oo mtt h ulbeo' hal.j \bey can ge m tb.e dl'stgn, c:W18U"cUoliJ _ d acc ssorJ
of tb Lr lnii\:nou nts lUid lll a.U.empl lo rpLy IUJ auth!!n e ll!' 'bniqut" a.dl mt liiP" 'IG.UQn,.
IThe,o hay,e eonfld nce t: t tlu- wm le d to b uty tb t la al leaet 1118 prwourul aa
1h8t a{l"bleY d th easy by alhert . N' lhe.:r ol U.t!al! appf'o e'b Bl aan br jUd ,e(l
s-u edQJr ro Lb olb' r i oue play . (or oneaeU. BYt 'there La uolb T' cor:n,ponent In l!lu
eall"lj' mie ae ne* Lhe Bulll ntH!, whtch ' o v ry lmpo:rltanl 1t ulvel,y exp 1.5
JHUla. b auty and a:othenlcuy, Tbls p:re-.senl prob!emi! IOIF thbe.auty-r:t'rel-maJoruy
wbo TY ta kid lthem Jv .s and lh tr aucitencthat tlh JI ar'be ng as 1 ulhenli i
tu!C IIfHl.l')' 110 omrnuaJ le e JU rll u or Ule mu e. 7b J6 's LTU
u '"tb &IPnf '' or OowlD.Cod em1 b pres ud on ti:J gul r.
SUcb ; ptic.)n hAs an wu;m'bll!' nJhJenc
on Lb'!" e:1r!y mu lr: U ]d tod::ty.. WU.b mor know " otn ( oh:l'blr th- m: jGrUyJ'
oJ tb udi ""e wiU grow to 1mowlngly llcte(!opl wmuthenUilllity lnl,m"" i;icz S th do lre"...d
in hlll!!.blrlc 1 dlt'afll Jn wb cb ca e :p.:ot' U ear-1 mst rum n woD 1L 'bte
reaH nce 5 nTY UJ,.r WiU n l t cm b sto:rcal ccul." cy - d w:i&l gel loa
lo !t fTom 1p florm,... Tb
lli ll':1ll:lletttJ d enly part _ 1 authenttc:Uy t tlle be uty-Ural p ople plny tQd l' wu\c:i lhe111
beet me Re! un! hLGc hle 'Pleye1 b r lcbo.rd:B.
Il pr d,ictlon illii eo:net.. t:hen a IE!!om pTomJst! lDBt:rumcnt wMcb Ke Le r
'Woul eon&nd r '"thcri"'L <One f,o: the tr amot'" wlll d1rnin 1i Lu vo.Jue. So alrt:hn 'h h
1v-tng 0'\3' l Lhey w lnow iD the hmg 'l"UD k mar In: dom1ll m cltss P.
l 1 ll.BL. olfer11ng \lth II'Llc: alte:rnati"'e.
:215 On woilld U to kno.w
1
essl r 1s r teria. tor s l'chng tboge Jea.lur s oJ
t Lhentle llll!lltrumen ''Wori.h tOpy n 11 nd tbo5e lilrejt-d:l.. 1 SU6p M:t that 1 the:ir
'La:e e.- " d lelr f 11lur s" ar p4Hra:ly ln trms of 11.msromer aausr: cUd, ':1' 11
nppro:..t"b co ld be my,opfatnce h lr.:Jl lo gel c 91lom ro wbo lrca.dy wanf th f mou
Ksler OWidl. Thu re db:ICwou d \ nd to rel l Ott )'lO COh..tsL fi ,Y', 311d hus
1

"alllir !'' mfgtlt n.ol b t!ons.Ldt!ired ueb n, lb h dB 1t1 mo.r rucplo tor:r plo... r5.

3.1., H roo-AU n ga" mu lh p _ lc: _ l :11d ic _b ut '*olin m :nd v htn

 o( lt lis r 1 vanl 'to vlol makllng iD the oq\Je. B anbofC ma.de an bero1c attempt ro_.
uncfera d the 11 Md tuntn e or \'lol <, but wu unfottwuUely wrong. For Ve reason.
Comm s. For: conc'Wl'ona mor onalat nt with lb lb18tortelll data a e- Comm 87.
&G, 108.. 158 lli1d 18'1.
ot -18 l doD' 6ee Y bOmy-eycamor -ebon purOIDg 18 bet. econl iP ''11 s gr 1
dj Stradl\l&rt' 11tated dl.at ln Sr ac!an tollns by Gupall'o &nd Maggtnl th centre att tp,
waa or n barkUlo e from 11emo:aa and Venteehad poplu and lhaae, [rom
N plea, Romt.1'wtcany and Bo!ogna :had ' beel:b. He al o mcuflont!'d lbt he bl e
aldpa or stl"'ldlvart 1a pt.t...nmg Well'e d'fed pe T oad.
6-19
pla.te X1IKea ler'a alatemrnt
on Lutberle that tb
abowa three d vloliD &unny doc a Diould &Dd U.l v-Iole'
' \' DUn mau])ds and ouJy a aet of belly and
do LB eontradlat-ed by what Uttl@ wkD 'm
&hout arly pn.d.tCI Olderet'a Ency lo.,Hi'e
rol
ba.c fal111e platea for vlDl caostnu:lion. Da-wid Mruer, lhe tvoo \Qth er wha WN
at NRll t. autumn on a atudy t from Cana.da C.ouno mad Yilal by lhmethod
lmpUed by the falle p- tea &rld be found il rem rkably tnli tforward. (A CoDUD. ou
th bas beem proilruJrd.) Tluprlnalptc- la veey aimp]I!F Woodn boarda or tbe in lt:l ah
pu or tbe r,iba represet.Un the belly aod bac.t JPe prepa ed. A edg@ la glucd to lhe
bllC (alae p te and approprlolt! y allaped lD slde vJw the back Wae p L loob
Uk lh rJgbt hand d.raw ng i11 Ke aler,a V _g. 1,. 7., Th lower ud upper 'block& are
mporarlly a:li.Kbed t.o th' raJ.ae t EormlDg a kJnd of mculd to bead lb aldea to.
But fil"Bl tbe end bloeb r shaput by cbl eUlag lilong l!itra ebt U..m a b ' eo tblwe
falee p,IQtes.

,6-19 Tluadvl l! QD mod l, lU!' i!l r c:!OUii:S ithout bJst.o ' Q4)_ ba.als. Comms
37, 15 and 181, Once t.be modeJ 1cba en lt d ha\!e been uaeful lf tbe T' tf r
had eome guida.ltc.e oo ltow tome e the lD.strument,U U la a real Uve oae1or what
to look for wb n obooaln,g drawmg to work from. Ala o Wlt c'b ractora eha.D whJeb
w y when oae 11 le U to a biger or a:tDalleit' aize.
7'""1 COIICl mt.ng the rootnOle on Reaat ance vtols. mo reeent 'lnform tlOD i
1m
Ea.r!y usl 6)4 Oct '78 p.il9' ud p.530, ami Com:m
135.
20 Flg.1.? Are ,eorner bloc r aly n e TJ? Ro d aDIOWfal
10thera o dn'L need th m.
9 -:n. O 1 t tb dove jG lDl b rw en 'lb nec.k ll
1
tbe bocl.r.. Muat w lncDIporate
19th centu.r-y vlalt+TB.Cut 8 lnLo our hlalorlcal IDJ&trlunenta? Eal'ly' lnatrwnentll
wer mad Uk good oar t.o make Fe Ir i r. Anyon Wha ha11 haid to
pmlr
tb bnk, n-oU 11 ele o'f a. v1o1 m.adQ wltb o dovetail }otn\ lmowe. a.bO\It the mt"SB..
WUb
bUtt join e bt l more e Uy ce leed.
10-22 DUto Uidngo.

ll-23 DU'tlo tbe r: over th back bend. 'Ibre are be olt.Jttoos to the lmclen y
of tbe bo..ck b.end lo Lnk l.n to Q 'DCGYe Cllrve. a 1rlf'Call prapeTiy. D id Ru 10 h t8
't.b b clc oo tb lu1d Ml ad of lb. outelde wh11e: bending, h.lcb do.es tb Lrl e 1
pe "" Uy doa't. mlnd lUtl conca\'Uy in lh baclt,.
12"-2.5 J wont:l r how rmuch or
d trlment tG tone tao th ak a, a und.post bar an lthe r:k
' In our e.riments wUh V'h,l 'IJac. u ng th Cblo.dnt1:C le-lecbnque, t!: c:cndd fiDd
no BlrFong re9ooancoe oo the bae wUh evt!.la thin 1"' on lt 'hl.ch bn.d o.uy lgru.ftu.nt
:u:nplitude in tlle ion t the oU11utpost would resl on:. I fcel tbat lhic'k . r t
a stb tLe l.r dlapl ihg. but ct ' e cou lic effect to b \lery u'bU ndeed..
:IS-2: kea _er &leo know lhat the. 1e rHerr 11th al(!lltury E-ngltall bus viola bad betlin
witlli rool' UJU!I uf JoUm ll makinn ve rph! e U" Lbe md pt ece fh,e UJ!Ipl!'r bcnU Wf"FI! lh
Hme oll tbe towe1' bcut. whlc not al ys, lile e ae). Tblnncr Joiiu nm unde.r
lbe bridg f f IUld on' of them over dl , _ 111 bar., SUch o:vmat1on1 ft'l lnc:luded
pr rmmab:I.J h AUBC t wusu't conalderedi u lmpol'tllnt u llte 9-pjece elUee Barak
lh.,1'1DD ued. Thb reDee r.be Lop tuTvy Ltuation amonpl vlolJ roday, wll re th-
rlly itb cmttul'1 V'lo11 by Noi"DW1 domtnate dealgr thlllkt11 wtule 110 oae play, tbe
mWJtl!e lbeae y -:el'ie or Jy made IOJ". The mUR le playt:d ' uawty ngU111b musle
*l!lf LhprMicentpry or Fnacll mu.s k:,.
Tbe m.oder.a v ol!-f&mlly - y of ce ttuetlng U1e 10 d OL f two planlt!il
elae:l topther m: d c .ned wu cbmUl' cOUJhl.e:red B1LIPI!J'tor by Cbrll!lto er Stmpen.
but lor a vlol wltb yloJm ehape. On page 1 ar the 1665 redllhm '-l'e aU b.a,..c o" c.elv#!:

ShDJ cm wrot:e ''IJ'b d 'bould be qulclr ud 111r=Ji.btly.. lik.e vloLinuul v ol1 t

ehap (thr BeJiy a b rl.ng dlgetl Olill of th Plmlc) do IHUDIDonl.f rencfer BUC1t a BOUDd.
On die apptlrffiE.te pace u e dnwmp o! twD viola. one of the uuaJ ebape ed llhe olber of
th vtol bate S:imPIDtli referred toT'e Lmpltcatloa 1 Glwluulb' tlm.t lhtoUter vlol
wUb 1 oH> WIUIJ ebape bad tta Be.ny.Wll dlged out of di Plnk''
Th altem a.Uve u lb nl etave Tbll conatrucUoa 1 inhet"eDUy 11tronger 11Dce
the tnJ.,Q follO<we the tave: allooc teeurve w tb no d gqlD apppl"lqg,. Tld. make
thrmM" oundboa: moee atable tbn Keall I" 0\dd ve tleJievco:.,
1 II:J ., Acc.ardln,g; c,o, oul' riimalll.li looklng 11.t aowu:lboaurdl r IJIDD&D.cea, we
c:onclud ldl t Lbe 0111ndh6Hd re1Un:g a-unea are tremelldouay mportlml iD detemmln
vtal tone. Kel!l!ld r lmphes tbal am.hln 1.8 to ber d'am.e h @Ye"- Tbis LB appropriatr rar
lb,llentJ."VC ilDd r.Qie'l'leoct!'d eyrl!' 1, biJ( Be tll& mOI"rl!' :&pprrOpf"iJI le (g.f lbe beg D.Def h
1

m.alt.e 1111r-e Lbat he haa &T'C' Ln CIUJl'Ve!l fur lthe model be la :maklug, and maku tnpli.Lil!'8
to work 1ft tb.
l,S-28 U. ia1 a d tbi.L aoun rd lblcklleaalq- la 1\lbJeet. oC lbeor ala bry m&kers. n
la one of lhe MOl\ cl"Uc _a) de111!'1'1Dlnantla o{ 'LOo. ami !he abvioua implleattcm ill lha!L t'he
oUAd of !he ortlal v-Iola Ja lrrelevantlo vtolmaldng lo.day. On 'tb Tabte III'St t'e
oa UltckPeeamg of w gt'Ul vial soundlJaaJ'dB I"IU'e c:Ollrctetl [rom rlws
e t'>cbieftl wbo bavn kl!nd1y se-t m ICUIJ)' th Ll' 1l Ul'emefli A lar rm aware.
moal or 'lhese m aureme.n well'\e mad Qlt lD{O.et lnelJ'IWD ts and so th ma;dl &\lrfla
hu no be n close}J ed fa1r rvfdtnce of Jln.lnf or tbilaninn ..
pamtml
Th.e Clnt of Keesler e o ''clet:mmDD1'1 lhkdm BIS acheuu!a t .lmm a.:rwndi b\.
and >5mm ela@Wher _) ta only mLrraced in 'die 1760 H.nl.z. Uis 111 cgod C3'" 5 1 5 ud

' mm ID lhe- equenee of the lable) m'ghl e 1L lb oJcded-tJp VeMIOn O[ the 1677 t 1'\ ,a.
From thu te t eaem UJlllkely thl\ elther ls lyp1cally 1'1th centu.ry Engl,eh r&r-l.8th
e Dtury F"'''cncll 1 l:ber two focf'rep'riolr for wh1ch baroqU!e \'lDlS &Ir'f' llOW :mad
:U-80 lt iB c: ur r.enlly ' BUIID,ed by mo&l!. ab.s.erv!t"B o[ bow,l!d lrultn:me.nt II.C.OU5liit'6
tUl pudlmg tne by La.er sllig edge fiex blUty. Ttle moat pronouneed elli et
alfk'
of lh:la neldbUity IDCII'e&!led lllc:iimd vo1umln tb lbul!l. Ovl!r8puD lltrtnrpmv1d!e'
rlcb 1111r or b Tmlll'll1ta ler DO\e 1 , o tlleDgth Lt:ir \be U'Qe ba
1 fun[fam,eulal 8
fla ea eatiall ib tbe pe.r,ecpUo.o of 8DWid rvolume o1 tbot r low notes :OUt wiit'b the ll-gul
&r lrlogB IIISI."d m 17'l,b Cll!nWI:)' ) mjl 'f.here ft Y f few 111gb :r , 1'1l\OD1C ln th
t.oa and th lund:fwm tal 1 relatvety :mutb mor \mpottant. It 1B thu 'PtCibable
mu t1ut , e 10f dovbll! pgril 1 mr r emgle p11rRing on 'th soundh rd dl b
vJdl!n on uEngll lllly e rif vtot wU utheo.l trtii ng tbAn with modera
.
b
TABLE referl'ed toIn leotlon ll& -28
1
 -
THICKNESS MEASUREMEINTB 4mm)
NOTES l'.IAKER iLOCAT!ON DATE SOUNDBOARD MEASURER NEAR EDGES INSIDE
DTSIDE JNSIDE
1

LENGTH (crn) U.PPER

BOUT CENTRE LOWER
BOUT I
mln mu av. mtn
muav. mtn
DlUav. mln.
mu av,.
EARLY 17th c. ENGLtsll
'Rose t(bll) ABhmoJ.. pre 1611 110.6 J.P. 2l 4 3,0 li 3
2.,.5 2l 2.1 8 2l 3 2.7

.. 26 Si st
.,
u u S.,G,.
" 2.8 3

3.1 3 3 3,.10 2t 3+ 2.9

Rose VIA 1] 'lD.S J., P.. 3
3' ,3.2 S 4 3.5 3l
1'

l6t 31 3.,5 31 3l a.a 1

Blwu A bmol.
21 ...
1605 551.5
3.2 26 SI 2..267 3!
lff.P. J.O
2' 21 2,.4
(
1
)1
J'
a
y
H
t
l
l
ll6l9 -3.2 J.P.
2
2l 8
3
4.0
3.. 1
2! 31
e
2.8 3f
Jaye Pa
r:t
1
6 63.0 J.P. 2 21 2.2 2. 3 2.4 -
2
1
a. 4 - 36 2j 3l 2.8
1
LATE l'ltt. c. E GLISH
Meares V&A
1677
61 J.P. 3 SI 9 4 at 4 3.8 1
Letvil P&rl11 'l 4.5 3l 41 4.0
1687 70.0 J.P.. 2 3 2.4 3 3l 3.1 3
1 SI 3.. 1 2l 11 2.5
(2) .Bake-r V&A 1688 68.5 J.P. 2l 6 4.0 3l 6
4, .3 3 8 3.0 2t S 9.1

at ,,,
1 18tb e. FRENCH AND ENGLJSH
Bertrand 'hl'il 172:0 'U. 'l J., P. 3 14 !1.5 at 4
IHID\Z VIrA 1760 r87 J,. P. 4.1. 4 5 4.7 4 s 4.8
9.6 3i f 3.8
3' 3 ' 8.5
1

"
KEY OTES
J.P. Jolul (1)1 lnatde centre me urement ll for fldl length ,of ceutre
Pr lngle atrlp. lporlq b'lf s-tch
S.O. Stepben UDder brldg ;, otber meuuteJDelltl avold centre atr-lp.
Oottlelb (2) 0'11 lo&n to Oxford Csty Mueeum.
M.P.

Mlchael Planc
1

1 - 1 Mrmy make oU!d a n&ldlhat a lw aan.d.,paper r1n1en lu. 10 a duJl look

of tbe oOd UD me th the, vnl,al!J coaU-n .. Tbey would eeomJD nd a 1cnped fmlab.
l, over.
18-Sl T e 111111 tbat 1t:r ngthen tlir.nd Uooal bodyjolD &1' aot meationed n
meftt attemptlng 10 .NB:Uly the d.ovetall &ltenau (i. Tb dove.-.atl wu
ed lD vloUu lbe 19\h, cmt:Uj "bm triag tm.len..,.. 1n-uc'b greale,r Utan
t had ever en befor or ba.B evttr lbHU lnce. 1'11 c rreAl 1tandanl P'rutro aet
of vl(l tr 1 prcbaby da produce more 'tenaton t.haa an)bh1Loraall viot 'WU made
lo wttluitud, but dJe dlffere:nce la not f c1.0r ot 1u l'L wu wllh ibe v1o11Ds

1 -S 1 Tlle esclamat1a mark 1aft.er the etatement !l.hat Bara.k onnan aornettmes ueed
ayctaiDor p.tnted b1ut ror thr h br to imply ecmcluslcm tbat .:ompo11 tscf
tna 1!-r. co\oareci bl&ek, lf not eboD.f, are bt:nor nbetitutea rol" rbo'I\Y
B.-l4rlcllb tblll 11oJte11 Dot t .. Ebo11y ,eUH .00 bard-weari.Qg bu.t alao beav;y
d ba.rd m work.. \'I!Jen ne advanl?q are ot nftodf'd, olfler mate'I'Ws 1'terot onen
1' ened. Eumpliea are ebo VeDeer 08 [Lqerbaama rtthr Wb oUcl rbony
.ftua ud black lute brldgeti trhleb were ever of ebony.
20 8 8tat.ed Oft tJie aeXl pqe * have eabtDetl nttecJ OUt Yrltti
ultrav- l t ID ald va.rnieh dryln'. AD tut'r'U.'I:D l'ID lhe a&o :cet an
&tti"'.Cti e tlbD tan tf feft 1n IUCb & dblflet fGr 81 O.OU]J]e" G( Wff!eQ.

11-!3 A pl'tlnary oat of d Uule 1ue (Uied aleo by Gupero da Salo and Maggln'
c.cordlo to SacaODJ) peuetratea lhl! 'frood and &fler' appltcatloa \he euriUe ta th n
ilandOBl Qraped ba k ta UJe top lQ r af ooc:l. h IIUba@CIUent arniAb DeHB 10 be
keyed hito tbat aurfac , The eudpeper scratcbes caa. lde euch k.ey. U lhe
aurfaca la craped, i:'ilbbi.Jic: ove.r wlth a duDp cloth dS olvlq the JI\le oul of tb
&arfae: pol'u WOI pr;ovSde tl:le key. 111 bMb enea &be keytng la Lnto lll \VOOdl ,atmctun
and n-at. hito t' 1)\le. Th n.1iDlah Wftll tbe'Q come orr U 1daalp eoneu lbe gl e.
'22 -H Begl nnen 110\lld be u-wnt!ll lo ue e oU va:nUebea raU.er tt:wJ. be h1gblened
ff by th m. .U iUled,. chey are m.uch eaal r ro apply, but U.ey ueed oollake lDOTe than
a da-S per coat.
TNdUlonal oil y mtabes contaln a- d ng oll, u.aUy ltnseed on 'WDI,cb keepa
bat'de.nin fer decad. Th\B mar be ID 11dvutare u. thn Ita pro,pnln may then
etJnltnlillously match dlo.ae of the wood wh ma:tures 1.11d bet!O'mel morbr 1tde.
After appUeaU n abe w na iBb net.a brdi!D (aalenougb lnlUal\y Lo ooD be
bandled and
rnl) ed dowu. and th requ res elther un.ravlolcl Ughl D'r dryers. With eaUlel" r es
une co ter c:1ay flould be poselb1 lth a:n addrd fw day beiore mhdown. If tbe
deyer U aaufu!denay o th vuntsb flhn d\er ,aome time ( B Lt L8 tn.d lUonal ltJ
ol 1m), onc aa.n lb taL Jy aure that 'tb umt! W4Ud oca r ta tbe vanu b wUI'Iout th
d!')let lon 11." iJ:b. . W v not been ab11 u; de aL ny t:letrUIH!DW l.fff!ct 011
a ton G[ rullb. d\lr' ccel tcd qfl.lng le&te alter rldlng very exceardve
a.m.ount g[ dryel",. A hlgh ll}' rnlab 11cb u Lhla type lB recomm nd d.
od n'l VATT\I&fle.e f pl nc 1f.eCI Wilhout deylll 011 1 lid 1!10 Wh n lbe
bar nUAe po lhe varrdab te n Ue (iql atat * btyt-ra and ultrav lolet 1 ghl
Dt fecL B b V _ ln:! * bul W mJ\)l Bp 8 p t.be clt;Ylng { t WiU O to II,P_ '
). 6ome VIO\ . e - I.JIBc H - e oU vamlsb 1' of muden typ :a... Hliht e rn
m
iAl-ewppH 1 bop lth greal Ucce Th v - lt&l'l rd dye tft ' e.t the calour
t.
 29-38 ceno. toe 011 viol brl.d e look worae tome Uum b n, mar e by bridge f l.
nwood
la u aeathetlc cbolee b use no oae b.lma tbal. tbe 'da.Jnacmc ar lb varutah and
daes h vlot any ltnlctural or acout e 1 ba;m. Th ld,pmagqu c:an ba IVO d
by., aller carduUy UlUDg thc r& 1 roundln ofllhe outer and lnilB' edgea very lllgbUy.
Ir Wa a daae Ulle1lenly l.t can u woU-1 eDeets cm &Oibe :no * Jf lt b peclad
Uu&t th1e * &he cau.Je or e11b eJlfi!C:t:a, check by wed
1

pl ef thtn canl eacb

rwllded-vrf .e lD IUrn and aee U: tbe erJeclL llltDpped..

C1HAPrER !. "THE LUTE ' BY IAN HARWOOD

111

1-3.7 U s. clear rhat lla n ood' arUele afKI eLeod-Q(IIIUpea bao1d t cem from lhe
B e atable. Tb.ey bot'b refer to 111 7-courae teaor 11 lld bm w1th lmn CGilra 1'bla
tennlno'ogy tCOITe&pondil wUb no orly aourc:e 1bow o Tbe E _ lh l'JD81ueed ln'l'e
trehl '. mean aSid 'baila'. Tbe mOBr ueuallu.te uaed m EliglaDd tlle ' naznlaally
bmt:d ln g btlt el rly u IUI.d p:robably hmed towe:r lball Lbe
trehll!1 LL5f!d priJDarUy U!eon o11a with lile me DOJntrull tu
4
Praetorlua Us.ti!d. a a.or lote but ll
1
'q
nmrd lD 1! . u 'lmted a lvte tlmed oom\naUy 1' whlch b c&Ued 'Chvr lal.* or 'alt.
2-3? Fret Wel"e Ued tsther Iban (:txed a o tb:aL they eould b adJ ted, tb e t.b ket
included:.Thu thr- body-:neck jolo. seoa11111)betweell lbe Slb ad tl.b (rl poai.Uoae.
Tbtn 5/ ot lhe atrlng 1engtb ror tbe1 d ab.nee b twtaeo lbuut M t.h bodr-n joln lE
lOO uman.
3.... Mosl. of the data on realluti!'& lndlcate that Olle-ad\h tor Lb lo E dliiUAc
bet een t.bboUom of the hody ud dw@ br dg a.nd rrnm tbe br1dgtoi the IJody-n le j,DID,
'na morr oJ' aa upr Umll tha.o a ypi v&lue.
ot-18 Th l'tlHO of mulmu:m ddi co body length la about 3/5 for tti fl81' 1 1mof
1

lute and , ... ror lhe "pSrl 'supe.

6-3 A GO.. O em length for a pl triDg tan d to modem g wtU lD ohre- n
eDt br-eJI.kage of flrat lrlo lo El ube1baa limea fdee J.. LUte Soc. of Amer:la
X (1917) p.ll"l) aeh atrtng eoat 3 to 5d.. (pr wned to bt! 1elecled lor playable
quallly) whUe hllc would t from 6 8d to 6t All at.ur pla er
witb probaby more than
!OD hLl 11penl ahollt lla pe.r y !OD &lrlnga, Assumi.Dg :2 hl1e1_ 1 and 2/3 o[ tb &Lr :np
beLDg IG replac broke-D llr L euta we can esllmUe thal a flrs lr-lD luled u
111.ve ge of 3 weeks. Ta ma.tab nte 1 woolilll d't-op dowu f cm l.IJ elrlill lengtb (or
a Btbm t-one or 2 LD pUeb or B bU. of bolh). A trtng 1enfl,1.b oJ 5,1o.r 58 cm 1eem to llave
b n a.n rly atrmg- ng:tJ a tu rd, b\lt pl'lobably foJ" a dWenlll FJtcb ebmdard fprobUly
g ot aJmost a 111emltanb low mod rn pitcb or fo1r a t aJ.moat S aemltonea low).

6-3 TbgJv n bape lB not 'quite lypic ' lt hi eloaest to Bammg or

Tt fl nbnJc ,. ahape'" but tbt!'AI!' ll"'l" ute ba e an extra e un, ghrin ore rowuled
aulder Th lon t!r 'pear' uha.pe 11.11.d lbc 6hom1r pearl slmpea.
1
cb of wbh:b Wli
t 1 typical the H bape&Jsuan dldn't ve the tXtr. cnrrv .
'7-39 The rele .UoJ'I, m ler than half tbe plaa ror circular tCrOSII1
l vatioo mvol' ti!'B tbo rad lu11 ro tbe fiat f tbe centr

8-3 2 Eady lutes rattely ba,d ck ,.-ttb clr,eultit ross e lloa. T,hl d l'b va.,tto
mong rlh widtb \.1! 1 y found indi te lb3learly JDbikcn U!ed vecy d
m thod er conatnu Uon Irom th one fta._rwoQd fdve: Tbe au ol e;Jch :rlb
y lh mcnLld lmird o!by ormer. Any sUghl error n making a former cYmulnU\
1t peet to lb total b u b p .. Th fDnner 1n ds . beo - de Witb gr at cUI'Uey
qultinflexible ll tent: to use tttrlngtng of dUfeTr:nt widths bl! en r-ih or li
 20

tme WD.Dls Eo vary thll! nll.mlb r Df rlb.s.. Ea.rly en pr,o _ DBed templ t lt,
m.rli wt 'the rlba:. theo atu the:m. bnt U.em &nd plued \b edc s in m111d U'l" lO ru..,
.Jolw lf l11 our wo hop bu ed lbot:b m@lbods and hml Che lrree-hand method
futer and Just , u aceuratJ _ .
Genelile l'lb templaoan be Emplr thi:n the melhod v.:& here d .:mr
had a more 1ube.&amtial mouLd w'th tbe ribB ma rked on U. On brndil a. ptol paper
over IJae. mmdd andl haclbe ma rlltDp ODto it..
-42 C ok e.D.1!13lut 0 ollbe eiJr'Veol f t.be rlb 011 a diUarron.e that RarwoQd, baa
1

r.ato redll _ , regJou ctf flatt.er cu.rvature. aod r cma erar abarpe.r cunatur Tb, ia
molf
bulthNda - o, a; lPd U the lbli;e r ued 1 mould ma4e up of P.Y baH doern
mtlld' Uke that Wled by Amawl. von Zwolle. Tbe ahal'per elli"VaNre LB o ver t.he raould
bul!kb.ea0 and thD.UH" a DGmi!A from the rl.ba bpull bit ugbtl t

a.tratbtct.Dg vu.l tweo bulihe&dll.. Tbia fJpe of mould uould bav, been lhat re:nenUy
uae.d bJ 'rly 1ute eY IL i ,tpJok to maie ud modlfyt Unu1 vm Lhe m&k 1'
mode1 OexJb Lty
lHI Tbe firiL paragrapb of - ,ion 5 is tnaonsJ8t@'DL 111118 81!Jli.Sitiv1ty to ,dif[@'l"f. 111
be, er[can. aEngUeh 'B'Dgl sb. Amel' caaa usu.ally do;o't lmow dlat dl'tlwing pliwa
; tl:mmiJ tu:b.

ll-+9 I l'tlSJee\ lhll the mouldl thllt lhe rlj! mAken U&ed tm.d Lbe bulkbeads llsed Lo a
boa.l,ld tM.t wa.s almped m fn juat Lnslde th.edge al th hac Th bltmt ror lile-
block _ &be 'lemp'nlrilY. ttaahed to th e:Ht ef t'be 'boatd bt.tHtq:- i!.lP PIDR lhe- end
ad. 1t w,ouJd tben ha e b ebJQI d eye wdng d. !ilgu of tboard and tb
ar
III I' .IC tb hulkh - d r
1:klf
guide -. Tiblt. th 'd1dD betb '(' to gel_uJe li the bloc
- lli" .,._"a,
lt proach 8 the b\.d , , !1 de 'l OD mur \lrY lfiiD lnatnatnti ila.,
n lcr to PMne .flured wood IIth mo loll lii ID o. dJr Hcm M '1eenald rabl
ln.
13 _ 5 Rot lbtde ' lu:P o1'1cB 1!11 a llD smpaet adhealv (O,rd.lnary lumn.ure-mlii.kera'
SC!lt.cb tue D V 1" aoasld'etably tn lltl"mgth rrom lba'l'C'I'I to lb tc'h, .. peeWrcrall a'ktn
g1u lJI .s l!lr.)
14"'45 X-ran of dy 1u how ho1ea lo \he ende or r b8 b en the re:nd ctup and
U.e etld tdp.. Tb1s lmplt. tha't die rkba ell:'e pllmed ('Vi 'beadles nalla) lo a lo er
eod lbloak ('probab!y flUed llke rt.he nk bloe'kJ durdq ILB embly 1 altr whlah lb end clUp
1BI glru!d OB The b&c=lc l tbea rt.a.ken oR Lile m UJd. lh lower end blDCJc pt11Ued ofl (l01 bt
n:-uaf!d}, and tlu! mi trlp Jued m. .During ltt!dle!val timl!s tbf!' lowf!r end blook romained
m the lut,.e.
15-4& On old lure thll!l IUml rib onto whlcb thc aundbo n1 1 lu re otli n lelt
1da1:' thnn the: oth r rib s IComm. :29 1 pol:mt es.
l -46 Tbe 1:1,t on on U1 ca,pplftl t-rlp
o "er. tmpl1 '"'d nad,Uo 1 (u ua}ly
almpl C-nba lJ.kc tha& ID P' g. Z.O) D.Dd an to b e..DC.OUI'irigf!:d lo ,gp:r &B theLl'
er t:ivUy d l dhl'ld lily lo i dl! igu cbly l( tbey 1:'\e' bird to resh"atin and t th.eTwi e
mtgbt mpre.s 'tb s Ul"B tn mQII"fl' !lietTimental wa . 1 ju t cOD't. waU tlll rp,rorr
nlve or !nodem e tiy mwslic es popUl 'r g t.'h these m era wUl
ve omething else 'lO do lth:rin aonfWILDR the pullhe br.ut whii.ll rly Lnnln.lments look
llk.
!?-4'1 hl disC'ua 1n1m king b D'R: D rwoad u uml!.S tbat i.bu p gbox U b a ahed
by Lmpl butl jcin hOWil m Fig. '2. S. AU or lf.be e ..-1 ]ute 1!lmow of used di
3lterna.Uve reb le j nl bown n Lh:ll re 'he treb lJOlnt s, "'1era dv Lag s
1.) U the atr Lng touc b UJ p . b4A bloc betwt! n llh!.! nut an lh pl!'gs lh 1'1 tb petnJwt
wLU eta.y ln pt a - Uhout hit' lo boJd U. Thl& IJJ. use1"ul if one- ha 1.1 el 1 gl 11! 'fJo)l"
Lbjolnland U accldi!l'1t:&Jly gels 11 ter'"' Tb ma n te on for U5D
animal glue lo:r tbe JQinli'IO day 111 \b rao Htal r r (avolding C1'8C
g lh p bloc durin rem0'Y111. Ha:rwood rePQr
).
2.) StrLcc thr DeCi :i8 llarii'OWC1' al \be po1n'l wbere the pegtx,x f In Uuw alt th top or
th flngemoardi. thl! pegbox 1taell .narrowe;r. makJ.Dg t 1fgbrer a.nd more
P gb :K S. madtlarwood's way look trol \o m 1

1 "l Tbe ne tk of 'lite IGU. cen'l\rr lu'a oflem luu:l 11 paraboHc lmto tb Ir
cks (mOTeo DW'V&'hm fD l mlddle tbe c'k tban t. lhe e dof Lbe mldclle) T:bls 1

te.Ua th.e tbumb hen: tb mtdd Ea, andl nnd th - tan :id lO ac ura nnprlag, ,.,b, n
abHUn po Uiona..
19-4 ,49 In gry p. gbaxl!ll thtbacbelll or tbe td '1"8 .. w u lhe1 r lle ghl.
20-Sl lf b - o Jl\'e o lbe e ulllllioard pJane ery dlt( l"en ly tb lDdleaUVI! of
poor\y cut wood . Tb aaund qualUy or the oundb Td 1very d pe:nd nt oa tbe
a.c uracy lt.h wh eb dl dl:r tion of Ose: gTal.n (i. .th cUr ct on of b'ee growOI) ra.na
aJ n lhe (lUDcfb :rd. Tb qUAIHy promiae-d bv D1.U v n attalgbt ( p if nt) paln
11 m lo be spol!i\'ln Lbe qWlrte[" (alon(f tb ead) e o be quite ru ned by ll coupl cr dugn
f le b twt! n d1e oundb rd ud F.h true gra m d1re-c:d.oDJ. 1 iB n!l'esl 1.0 IUB.: a,Ut
ood.
21-52 Tb.eoreltr! u tb. . lOm. IIIIOUill or ed 4: creatlad by th r e l!letdgn ..Uc la tb_
!f

wldth ar lhe piltcb n.nge of the lower trln tb t re acou Uc Uy upportt!d by tbe a*r
r som ao (as. . dBiJnpc,td lll!lmholtlt acmator) of die alr e-nc ol!lrd lri tbr lut body.
1(Tbe t.Ot.al Ottnl ((boJe T r ltb- d [ D.fC -b 1'-e t.b CeDlr of tJiat pltcrn.Dgl!
1 . ) Witb o-v,er pun striil,g b.ere we mo lly h r the lb111),er barmoacs of the 1
slrlng notes, lh feet mlgbl not b notlceahle. Wl all-gUt sttlngl..g 1 & pe-Cl t
the mo.re eompJte:-ated the -ro el 'K gr Cwltbout dlmi.Dl b\n l1l hol area) tbe b uer
the lowr bul!le wUl l!lound.
2:!-S4 The n&UI'!b r ,of very _ ID _ll bara UAdet"P th th PO 11qot pecthed,. At le 1t
2 m e cb apce br twen full-1 nbar-a ppraprl te. Th se b r are nportaill for
acou te r .ou,pllng b tween pana o,f eoundb don d'fler nt d o lh
'24 -5& Tbe onlly glue fwnd cm t.bl! nd at ra of o1d lu.t s 111 that drlppLwd down rrom
glu_e og l.he aoua d lo lhe b- . Tbat 11 en uBb lo \'d y IODieu that mtl,bt
e u e u z.IP T.hL81 m!ikJ .A ter rctm DV 1 or tbc ou_ndbollrd l'!lucb _ ier 1

(RepaL nlly 1 a- 10r m r do not tllce enou - mufeon ldc, u l'l

C8pt! mll_y lD .th Lr or
mod m glucs. T lat JiL t.c!rTOr for bultroment repa. 1"el'a
1 T llebond.)
2S over. lhnvaod muat ba 11 crot agont tn th emplo ef the Asaoo ion o
ta.PurcWrera c;f .A.dheeUve T p .. (llCLdenLnlb. 'by 1adbe tvc Apeo be mBIII1.8 'S@J1ot.ape
to UK. :r den a.no 'Sc.olcll T pe lo Amer- c&ui'.- To Am rla a.dhesLve tape'
u Uy meu eloth- ck d type ed moally _n medical ppUc-ationa.
2651 Flgul' 2 121 \VJ'Q to m. 1n two r---eapeets. FlrsUy on oet ohi h a
Wtlb 'point ( ctT b td ) lhe contlnuat ou of th ebo11Jder eurves on l.h oun
l!dge r'Om qu(le ClCI to t:be 1!' gbt-a.ngJed OOII":tte- o:n lh emi or lbtt ao'UD.db.rd
at IL&lon OV'e-1" lhr 11 ek. St.-c:oodl1 UuOiualraUona Of 7-caUI'B 1uleS and BU.r\I LVlnf:"
OhJ! 1 kmw of ha.\!e e th r nu 'polqta t 1 Gl"' Y@ry thtn Ol'.ie
Bo\h of [!Jiy. obaf!!n Oo r reat d to Lh ori Lnal fUDcl\cm of se pouua
Whicb lo de g.raUve-Jy ood!all nv nmm from ao origin:al ( IJally
6-colllrsei) llllle lo more-cour, dale. Tble eoversjon Tequirec - wid r neck.
lh nrek block OD thc bod)' cut back w aecoru t ll. For acme r on the tuU
2!

orgina11eugtb of tb 11oundb rd :retainNII. Thi aould bve becm m abo mU.s

mar, oro olher m :r wbittb w mld ndtcate tha.t tbe 'bod lb d n.ot b o ',eut ( s Coll\ltl.
1.41), tbougb LL eouJd be rgwed Oai lhhl _ ror dded 8(1" .. Wbalever tbe 1' uon.
slnc li! OJiiliP!nal soundb <d e ne.ar llte n.er coufd bave beeo wern or rounded,

nuhln't llr m.lid" b> look goa<l,eo wU adoptt!d,

4s result. oi tb Lb length of l.be end or D aO\Uidboa.rd enf!fi&Jon

repre ' r:nted di wldth of at luat. a 6"'13-oUtrae ueek.. 'Tbe dlffrereiU3tE tweren tbJs
wldlb and thlt of a 7-co e. n ck ould be ama.U. s.o the polnll roo. v cO'Ne bte
wW:d br correap!!Jndimly lhin.

X .
A tul my Urst pe nt one can BllNe tbat the original 6-.eounu: h.1te mligbt lbav t

bada oownlbe:u:<l-..loo \lke ThlB la true, bullt oUII loolul ry

am11BU4l cm a beanl@d h1te to m

2f S Fnmee &Ddi Germany s loba e C'CIDV d dbeetly C:uJm 6-ccnuaf!: to
1

B 0\11"8 lrwnent.s.. Ualy andl EDRJ]Ud e-r Lbe m m useN o1 '1-c.our - e iulnunents.
When auc:b lutrumen wu In y,ogu& Cabout 1510-1105) lbotb the1e ceun J'Ies uai.Uilly
d wnson e.es unl a dooM@ ftHt f!our-8ie. Tha stngte (iut c ursc on lthe bddgc
desl te not icDl ror the e t:s.
a& 5s, Why enaounge 1DDllt ra 1:0 vannsh elr aourmdburds?
:29-55' 161 Glut!lng tb" bridge om w1th anlmltJ 1luiB very fllmpl . He2t lbe ;,lurltlg
surl" ce or dle bridge hot _ one can whUe s\UIbolding e upp r 1 part wlth th
flBJei'B.. Appl.y lile bol rlue to 1hls &mace Pr111 lnst lhe aoundboal'd wlt'b fip er
rpr sure. Hold u lber. fDr about 2 J:Dlnlllile _ then 1 . Vre ll. rQp_t!' C!BD J lr.ing r:tlld ruoe u..p
tb !UU'Il'\Ulll en G, 1u:nn111 afl.e:rwards. or veu 11oo:ner.
Vn.gluelnJl" a brtd'ge gluedl on th anlm 1 ,g1ne l j\let u ea y. Pl thr l ul 50
lhal ithe IOlU\dbo:JJhl i ber ,wnlla\. Encittcle e bddge wUb a dam o( .u OJ" pl UenP.
andJ pul mm 01' 'lwO rO{ wn.te-11:' iD it. In.f hourfl tb- bridge< wUl b,n, ' UDg 00 Un
Wtater
3O"'"6 3 A cornmon e l _ oo peg l!lbape b'eaidla lhe 'he 11' and 'ore cent' le a 111 Lrnple
elUp e t ltb th sblnk along lb mlno:r axis,. Th II be ds ml"tY lf ever bad th
iD m cu..nl'i.D au.ao:ee thalu-c &l.l.nd!ird cm modem vloUo p s. TbQ.ae surfo. :ea
eife ually n E. OJi'" Ugbtly oon" p _g b.Bad lhlclme8!1 pered! only a sm.aJI ammmt
IIW&J [rm Ule sbaDk,.
Sl-64 'Tliougb both lCobimJo.o ami DD-w\ud me-nl cmed lhe oc eastmmJI prnctice o[
d blg wooden h'em pul tbUed fr ts ey are n.ot. 1-een n palnt lrnp tiU e e.ud
of
thl!1d1 Clentlury. f' nts re ony needon u inatnunent to lmpi'D'Ve ntonaticm
eUh r b n th (:11 y r ts D. b1m r (trndtUonal for the vloUn {amlly un late ID' thu
1Btb aamry) or whe.Q dv eed pbyrr ls mult pt -slo;pplirijt (11.8 Ln bord-a]e
pl in OlJ! Reoa i& o.c e and B::l.l'oquv Lol ) Ad nced play r t.W1 pi tP 1e -Un,
m lodi B b tt r tn hJne Withovl (!rct lthtinr wilh th m,. F:r tB aboY@' lb litb Crt :are
- eEu1 lC lllulltple -topplag; 'blt'!}'IOnd t'b.a.l rre-t occu rE in t'be muste. "fb1a oot gene rally
lb e ! f,ar tb 7-eOUI'Se lu . When e - - r!' mab on [r ts lo play
on past
8.&11we flx tbem on lb dtluble'"'ahtNl 'adheaiv o n l to m r the 1nuntlbo rd
url'ae.e.
3 -6 ,G5 T:he lHI.TUC lollfJ o;r frdl[ng r,r ratheT" in: deq 'f'. The ilh fret Bhould
be Ued Liml, nonrutiUJ U.Bin,. o. V'I!!IJ' lhln or KU t g. a trble strtng Uk(' Dow\Md
 SS

IIU(ge&la). You U.eu WJTk your _!J' b ee rr tal Um ., cl llq the dUakfte a
ol teaeh on_e w gtve tire actle you 'Willlt (th atrlnga sbouhl Jll!lt not qu_lte bd.:U - ror
lhey l!lbw1d bl-1: it you 1ra 1, dfa ip1e of e plr ' 11 - wbea YOY plYC1k Cbem u brd
you
migb'l in oonnll pllaying). The nut he:'lgbt. adjuatmmt fol10WB tbl! B&DU! prloeiple'. but
.. Kot by ahlmmlng rup lbe Illl Witb par tBunveU)il lf you bad ar.uted a!t tbe nnf l.-
el
you ml ht wen rmd 111 re- was no gutltbta enoudl f;or tlut lal f1cw Cnta.
DGvtlmd'a
r:fle..l tbialm IIC beme WO<l'hmia &y lf die meek 18 lltr.&ibt m Une 'lfitb the
laurulboat'd
-.M da: br_dge bolea lU'.e juat.dlie T ght h igbti but "theee dttP"eD't 10 or 'lf tb re
- te Gtbiet problema ( 1- tbe ro.B bul1m1 upJ it lla IJ tte:r to , elecE lbe f t tbilc
e.a
to K t! IQOd act on LhaD to lhLY ahly follow Do laod toelde:ntally B&llemuu.s" l'
pt
rrom abovll515 preserlbedi thltd. atr-lnp ror tbe llrtst tb ecfl"'eta. eecond!8 fol" \he ne.xt
lWD, filr11b1 for the 1u xt twa and"a VIM"Y smallstr1Dd@ed 11
fol' tibe Btl1 (r
t.
freta Df t a:re not lO be reuom111ecced ,IDee ithey g:et hm ao 'llutcldy.
-65

5lngel

24-68 Tthe be l gut ror (:Feti la the prealrelctled v riety - U!uaUy vaUablu
IJ.r-oken &r w&m l!llribl
35,-fil 1Jcnow ot no data suppOrtllb Gle aamtenUom tbat. bu lllringa wtr@-wound ol!l
pt were lUIIed eldl@'ftliii'!II!Y :ltn Elll"topll! 38 aoon a 'Ley w re ibwe:cted euly in th ecood
b.mlJ o[ tbe 17th eentury Tbe e\'ldenee f:ro.m tlle Buny,rU .t.u.te Tutor IUld Lile Talbot
1
1

MS. (bolh EQgliab.)a:qwea ap.mat. 11 It le poaalbLe tllou _ that th Lenllh nlng o t

lin!c:end 'Dec)( of llmllan rebl11le1 la : lated to U.ee 111.rtnp (b ng ual..'d liD the batu!l off
1

tbe nngcted lrln(a. 80 tbt ':he leJJ-glhened neck DarlrOWf!l \be diUe.ti:ILCe ln hJo.e
betwcen 'tbii!" C.BV't!'fed, Ungel'ed lb.O'I't lb a IIDd l'bil!' !UIIeGV81't!d lg ibllfB.Beat wlaftli; 'L ;1.._, 'l
36-G Sena'tlve plt&l'1au andJ modem - 'Jpe lu!LaALata leatU',- lo th greal dilfkul't}f
la fmdin1nyloo, D.Jonoftt :m ent lliU"lDP wbJc& are 'true 1

CRAPTE11 3 ''I'JlE VIOLIN" BY ADAM PAUL

1 (D,r.aY'iQc ol Bar:ocpe v:toUn1) T& base blrr bowu ll abon 9lmellea loq.
Tb'- lB aibo.E"t@r thu iiUI)" uf tbe eamd ol s-bar m urem ntA gLvtm m the Qlbh
ao p.l90 &f die "'Antolrlo Stndl"u'' boak 1!J the llllb
2-95 The rlqeri:Joud toa IOIIK9
,9-95 Tbl! meck aqle hl too lli1gb., The bortom of t:be nut wu WJU&Uf 1o1e to the
p!IIDI! ol thtopa of Ule r!b.a.
44HI [ don't know o[ any chane-lb die eDUBdpoat. 'fhe Tallbot ltfS 1890) p.ve 'o.a.
Che lbflokn IB of' lbll! .aoumlpoat aa 'lhat Gf 100 equQI.. Tbe tem o.t: tb.e g1110,se leat:h
1eut my clttem C(llllls lrGJm ba!Va.n. averr '11! dil.:uDar ol EiDUII. Tbl!l ls tbe Dgure
glve,n iD thla f'Ucle for Lht!' modem YLDILB e.mun.dpo lt

S-98 The argument that beea1!.Be playel'B1 pl:vi furt.ber 'UP, tb.e flne:rbu.rldthe,'fe
WAS ao lncrea5e lrl pllebetr liQ.g t-ens on, br d e pr sur 1 tld &tr Ln QD, the n :c:k
1

:m:ikes no senseo. [n enenJ Cbapler 3 W11B not writtr(!on wtith u cnucb lnU!lUgencC" s
tbe n r5t 1two cba.pt :n!"'
6-98 1don'l Bree hy botk the b clc Uld tha beU:r n.eed lo be rl!moved t.o nai1 lhe ne.
7-SBI'99 On p.98 Ll la sltllted \ t t.he aurfae!e cune o! lhe mode,rn Ul\g m..o rd s
sUghtly Rrllle Sbt enteoce.e 1 ler 011 p.J9 lls !LI dl th tb l!lllriac-e curve Df lh
BartiQU(!' llngMboard i Ontt ro. eh ' Ul eoond !Slnt m en t.
8-99 The Bo.roque bu bar was rnore- tha.n "sU, bOy'lower lllllA Lbe maden n .,
' ConUnced t t.n nd of Jolm Barn s ,-,ev l'e - p,. 2 )
Fl.l mHl Comm. l ;e
'k:J.DS tU cal
lDs n ent, ecl,iteli b.r Cbarl a Pord, Fab r 1: Faber.
Lon4on md Eo oD 1'91'9tJ l75pp, ll;pl, Ll h Tbe tol1o lag 1"\i!Y.l ia
ot Cb 5. Tba Barps bor,j l - cbael J'ehllaon md Cb 6, R 1 oration
ana Con erv tion ot B l&toricol Mu:e1e al IDdl'UIIH.ta "b,1 7riec!'8111flftD
1

H ll 18
JobD la.ft:l a
tic_ el Joh ll11CD e allaJter oa tb eicbo cl doecri'Dee how be
II.Bkea, Fr .11cb. tlr,a-u.nua1 em often aeked ror advice on tb'e
k.ri.ut of' lla;r:rpeieborcl "ta cbooat! or a tirs at1ie1qrt a; bar'p,aicbord
cotmtruc:t on BDd 1 al a(JS raeoa&nd e 81mpl l'hBtnuaeDt w1tll one
eybo an.d wo ads of etr ugs"' I alao ad 118' tbe JIU"Cila&a
,gf
oo
utarf'Ul.l-sll
r -,., ddra"uag, m-r wb' cb 1bere is'ttu.l
now a Ride
b ab p'tercboice .
tllat ok14ld
etl b av: advi.ae, sl.nae tbcie
ob.aptarl.a.ye bo I!IDD.ec:=e 18aZ':f obsta.olea 1D tb.e vatb ol fi-rat--'t:lu
bu a t'. file first 1h o a plan , l"' obt&WIQ .:Cea
o ui't ble old 1nstn ea.t. !ea Jear, ase t'.bat eclrica IIIDLilli bY
lb een u ef1.1l. oduwlln. P-lBD8 eu be bo b.t hich ebow th _ eba.pe
aud G 10f enr.r part. ina1de as , ll aa outaide, a.nd wben acceea
to m aeum iu tnmaote i e l atlle o be d.J.BCOUI"BR'I!d b cause ot tbe
nu ber of ' bulldera iebj,q totalt eB.&IIIrem rrts and 'tb.e coJJ,&elllU at
riak of B e, th d0"1oe 1B 8\lrpriai.fte:, How IDa:D.Y' r.eadera thll
ebare r 11 be abl o &&UD aoae, s J;o a Ul.ta ble ol 1d barps cb.crd
t,o dr .-? ll.aa.f ill 11v bu l'l ot lea ho a eY:i'table apee a.
ib.ia cbapter would b.ave lbe D :u.u:b zore uaatu.l if 1 bad prol'i'.ie
eq\11 te, cal.ed-4owu plana ol expla:ta d wbe'ra tQ obtun tttos 1c11"awn
Qll-Bl,A l);ra inga D.Ot qu1te icnored l.D tbe booiiE: 1 1ft fea
re uoti.on of on Bl' plo"te 111.Bllat bka1ldla e odld hardl..y
eea rro reaa of tb1s book, t h aRouot of 4e Bilm and
ecO\IIC'ate intor, tion the.r. aonta1u o:r tba I"8AAe of av,ailable a,eaigna.
Cha r 1 a Yio v1 e_pprc imaelJ' 'lf ll aize 11 cba,P'Ier 2
baa 4etBJ..lscl dJ.rectl.ona for _ rawln& a tull-aized. lu,te -,leo,
c:baptr 3 be, oilin p BDB IJpro mn.tel.1' 1i,fll11 81:ze and obaprter 4
1

ib.u plene for ,gu;t whicb "t - e bodJ a. ai.Z1e e.n.d \be aeae! and
brias;,e .m f .Lll aJ.me. lll. "hese cbapter.":a m 'ttprQv ae- compl te
b&Bil' 1Dfor.mat.11oa tor a t!IGil'd r who ishe to f'ollo th 8\lpestaa
plen
tbe ba!l"',Ps chord builcJ,er ons aan to eaa111re an old,
bufoe h e - art tbla ie v eau D becau e a
ttut.roush trealir: ent o'f nea simpl b.s:rpalcbonl clengn.
lk,e tba Giu tl. platea X - n.I e>ulil! ue11d mtr'B apace tb.Bll that
.i n 'lto otb,er i.Datrument 'In tilia gali.tarian ag one bee11a:teu
ev lg e.u es't "Gb.1:1,t Bll,oe ted s_pac - O l:h't """ relate to tbe
ooii,Pl&rtty of 'tbe ubj c:t. BQ 1. one accevts1 - CJ os-1" w1thoLtt
qu tloo'tba.t 22 11 er ll.ll tba'C eo d ti apuod i'ot" de cr bq
1

th lf..l.b_g of a barpaiohol"fl,1t Oll1 d eUt""elY baY' ' boeD III.Otli 1111ra !u1
to au e 1:h t 'b.e .reacl,er bea1des baiq k e4 1m. illfOodort bad
t:o !rJtre Ce.ntur). s of" Rarp iohGl'ri Mlltnft by l't-a.k l:lolribard
1

_ r"lde, lfiiaa. 1965) and to su i'ta61 ,.u - ized p.lan.. btn

tb 1 22 JJqes coqld b v b 1 D d$VOIed WJ exlanatl,on- of
eJ.l tibe
't - c'bn..iqul , invol11ed, e d1 edption o - lbe o- ec1al tots sed and
a ee on the ello e 1 ,of - -ialfl. Sucb, e C!hap er ould
he."Ye. fill d
_ eonap:tcuoua ,ge,p in 'th _ li er-ature and co ld evea. ba.ve C'overea
'r th on 1 cr t on,.
 fb.l otber obtacl CD.I aaktq of la,or ta' tempLat
Od b&rpslcborie ba. IIW.re UJ COIDI' Btl.oa 1111le, - ,. al oac b
liD.118 of b.:l.aaaa plne 011 toO.f ib IHJ', .:J.oq 1b.l 11ae Of
't"lliu p1q, oa. b rtdplak 1 aa.d OD tb faa tJ aak. ea,
hqe l.lnla AH Jrat, aaa be .an 1:1la 11 1 ,. 'o
not
11 toP 1Q1D8 o" th te , n e, a:lac, 8.D8 te pla JJD ld JLaY'e
I:IDDCeaJ.d 1b 1181. lrjDJ' pNl1e o!Uil- _ l ttl Ll, Df
-, 111p'l t&8 1 a.nd tll 1 roa ba, a 11 w Qai; oae 81clor4
o ld maob ber ni 7 11 ola
IH1 thod. ot 1Qo.at utq
CODI1Nctioa linle, 1 1ql ta8 U4 daf1.aJ.t Drier gf lD'O:IIBt-I'I.&CICiOD
BO 'd1A8D&10Da Dll1 ODI' paPt Glft b CUt terl DB 10 DOtb r..

.b u'libada dtaef!.11b _ 1 li11 bot eaa b .tl:rid' 4 ili"ta

uca Id8Gr11=
D. dN1. _tboa
1
Jroa.al tCJ tb caat
.]. 'n.d 11.6a.al JJ'tbo4.
1bd1Jo,r, 2. lloBe, ndel7
Tb Editar' .Prafae
st' tb&'t "'De ooutr.Lb\ltore io "Cid o11wa dcriba b.-tbQ
heraae .,... Me 11 cal lbtJ:"iaaaa:lie" h1 1r .1: tb.:i.Dk1 corr ot
cJee1-1oa., 'be .q ,aa:ter b&a upct1q ean ri'btJ' 0'ri to Ot11J ctu..r Oll
oldl m.etbod Soll! irruJ1c tion o!wt.cb ,gateaotille uthod
.J,elilolb"ied bappiElll o brt _ Gd1ld 11 'BOWirYI , b&vo beeD 11 etttal. 1i1 readera ll

!um.Plll or 1be tl:rB'' eatot7 la obapter. 5 u tb aalcl.D& of

otD.a'bot 2 octf?o tb tr.blot 8f bridae.(aoat
oldJ ba.rplieb. rd b:rtctl ILI" uaJ eiat tl 1tb._(nlt an.r eri,u
dtaadftD.ta.ct ) , di ,n bal ,JioU.oa 1 1 Jalf llllkiN thocJ 0111
tru UIQalU 1ea 1d ll'C1e,d ack tor h1 le!'- md :rib.a.
f.::.1 In j&c:lB, BQ 'tba' OD r. bad llulpeN O:Jl "tb.l llll U ' 1' lle
J1Qer a4 tbe ottler Ull ara Oll th 1urtb.ar ,aicl. lt 1B
'ber f',C re a gtractllal ebo1a tbat ti.. eml. loJU11o11 bae Ale d&Qre
,.,.,._ oa ocbo far e1dt of tll pleat Tae ol4 v of llloll.at1DB , bt
\Jrit:l { Bulbbanl, plat Dll) lti.a U.Yall'l a.r tbe oa nwa
a
1a ti,& S. CD Dl 1 wb lcb vr 8&lU.bl,J' DV'G1788 alu iD.c tu 'bri.et-
lre t
tbo1.11 ,_ h lu ie ma\: acrtlllll;l' _ eat1oae4. 1Uab.A1l Jo'tul o 1 ' ,- boa
q beataide 1 & COIIIIO'D oliem prac11ce u.t o11d _ ooi 1 u
dl'lt!ic-.11 1io \lnd end tb:i1 B&?iell ibe tl"ouble of J.laa.iac and
&1ti1.D.&
tbt lB.IIia& ku. fb ot co'll:'B 1 Da in 1a0d m 1111tbod
aLicb. lerr Dtt.aa 1 bowe1"er tb.a ad'Q.D'tq Df tba old aertb.Cid 1
dte o-ftrad ea th atbtlld 1, f'a:ll7 Ddeh,._Ood and 1' la
f1o11 Dd. 'hat tb e1d 'l:bod 111, toda,r tUl c,oJlVaD.tent 1111.1 cos
ldl
etf ettve P'or ihl tteasob 1 t}l.1alc 1b J oul. 8J1d odem me llot
sltloul4 u,v beea, i eutltiei. a tbat bai1drs cou.l'li IIS.ke u.p t'be r
owa lli e netbr 'to, tollo 1:1lta:t..
0'11 J)J.4, flirQ- 1 JO OD t&tt1 &t "'be triDe' I&U&e 1" &ia
conf&r.Laver the jlar&tan ot -lhe 111C&111 whicb 'Ciaublea the trl.q
leqtll for a eb ,oetsft. Tb.ie la no"Ci borue o11t 'Q aua ma.rkiDC on
Gld hareicborda hlcb u Uall1uae.-ral 'im- in bia1 piti
othe cal 1 11. ' ro-f lb. , jua-t :ao tq
atural.l7 1 'tb.e aLI'& 11
ebsDKe mDe fr8tUentlj bD thB callas iR elaa Chaniftl.
I am uure t at M1ch el JohaaoA 1il elae tbat a 1'"1US ot
e 1 1 hoa &DBian i gr allr a1ad1 braakl t
p th wbich lepndal a& tb mat rial ,aa4 tb 1a1 hl&tG'Of b
"1.re b'l 1 ia oftl.r .rginal.l.7 atrect _ l bf' "tbe -trl.nx il-amster](
d f fi:11'en1 Qr S:lOAr bO'II \f'e 1 ia SiV D OD p.l45: "!t '"' refgr
loUow tbat i.t a rtri.na 't ,e&JIII breakJ.ng b cause Di oo e
1ensioa., th- rem -,d,J i- 'tbl.Dn.er s-tr1.a - o ur:a aa1oa 1 !ID fto-t
tD.ie &r oua he,ous tbe1 atrld is aot' t ra enolil b,
!he ,
ltb.
plsnk Ytnl ered top aod tt1t:o m.i1 ta.ke oa
SOIJib.dbo l'ld
1s., ot eouraetb.e reat]: la.ak- tbou1 b by
J5
call1ed the o\l:adboa.rll 1 a6 r ( Meb l.a aQ'WU' a iece o
IIDII8t' IIB-(Il:iil! aon-.taudard 1 rm:molo&J 1'1r a pa tucb 1a u!lueJ.l,y
c&l.l d "tlle l'lelJ..lJNU)
'r.b ,apJlaars to be a lliapriat on 47 in tbe recoa.ended
e eor teybr balance Jtaa. fae w ctu mentioned
_ a 't'b b1ae.r 'liban tb litu ard odem pian aise... _Pipre
5.8 a o tbe1 4 n i er llot the aa de ''h rae tbe B 'ft d& . er
alo\, - ut '' ahot:t1d be deerpead b.f 'ib.e _.. 8.IILQIUDt u the QJ)SUt
alot:* Tb.a oap e:ro ""' ectiou 111 4ra witb ita froat face
'1'1 M:ic azutb .tltc:tru_ h ri altBl, tllou_gb hD _OllM 11 11!1 the
Ja.ck, 1t 111 Da a al t-or 1;he troat :tac to illlope al.iaht! back
.ara : .d tbe pl "trull 1 u llltal.lT aloped o pwarda at 5 - 10 ..
!h1 chatter Bi rather readoa ael et1on of toole
&Dd
p.roced.\lrea ,, aom.. or bi.cb are more, ;fu,ll:J aqlainea m
11
Bub11et1 , ,

bookt.ut lee e 1be re l arieaorance of' CBDJ

detaile bich u-e IUI'f cult to r11.e-r;carv r, aucb u bat
aize
balp.eeo uke pl.Gctrum ho1et
ortices 'titLaut l he to
ea mek perf ,e ct :te;r
cbi eaad b.Orw lio ahriu.k. "Sb aollUildboard f'ore &].111q it in 'tb.e
b tlt UD.U 1ll. .,.tGwul to be eb ore ormative ora t'me
a b ecta ot' e hb md t1DisbiDC11 thouh -.hQ lo not, ot cou,r,ae 1
IOOYt:r lec11oa of aaterJ.al or tbe 1a&k1.Ag t!
ae ;parte. 'll1eee
.manuals bav' 1cb reater :,1rc ,!J t:i.aa tha.D. tb ir wrttera iBte:ad.
&o' b l'J'J ilcJ r b01 llu a pro bl - At t a ov- r'e d: m this ahap ll'r' -.,
be _ ble to fiad "the ID tr '.Y borro l.JlS one,
Ch pter 6 ou .re rtora:tion uo coaern:ti,oa ta )laCIIs: a
'wi"tb
uaeful qautif i a 1D.fotwa.t1on, ua :ttouand tn.ee
cDmeats.
Pf*f,u Q e n to ad ica ikelJ to belv olllt'Der am1 reato,rera to
e tib r remaiDillti' in,atrua ea ,a e mcb as poaaible t.rom 1;b,e'
urliforturm:t l!"fact of iD llvJ.aabl.tt trea ll:leDt (wbioh o:tten i.Bcluliea
r starat1.on) ..
l-e: i oriou e tb&t rner&1b1l1"tY .Di 1 rave ra:ib111t, em to
"be tU1 f1CU1 l"t 't,o, dliacu as, !he
on 162 "AU
-a
al.d at temjeDt 1a

.be r st o:r-et- 11 8 ork lhuld be 't"lr,sible"' lber 111 Bb. .lmplied

ooatre.d:l.ettoa ber,e tb De atem.ent OD pl61 "!b 1Uie c.f IU"D:
llJI'l, h tic &ahel!liT in 'tb .repalr ot sicsl inru ata bt2\lld tle
f" strlc:tea to epec:iel cuee aemaad , - e.n e:zca:pt1oae.JL13' eibroq
ai.Dt wt:tbtu't tbe :tec i.t.J o ettuel reYel'Si'biliU" lll otber
ordB, a e .or:r ia ,so 'ie led 1o 1 ac'C ir,re nibls &D.d 111 eom
a aaee 1t t'tera l. 818 "tb:en ::Jl o'ther-a. !be Ur,ortut C10P1d,de.:ratiaa
a b&'t be sbculd ua libe' moat ua.rl.,- reY r ibl. tec.b.ni.qDes
.avau. bl to hi Wltlch a.chJ. ve tba d Riraa JUl.. 1 11UU'e:f'Ul 1

ea a1d :. titn o-f a protll f o th , a tolD, cd .,.,iew ill oftm ggest

& roa - hleb 1.8 aor 11 arl, :revel?Bl.bll'. Cary llt8lf 8 a OGd
po1 D B stora ou cooaervatGD re air aa4 mainten&Dae Ba7r
.Mu ic JBD.. P. ,;u ' n ere - _:as ,o no e u1 o - at:l.c
op _ -"11\.liOft _ fli e eu'ing &IUi _ B1nf ettiDS ar b)" aat.re dlr _ er
re erslb Bo'Ve e!f" , oa tb1e aa.m.e J e ble
ji; o dvisea '"Do
Q b_ll !h o:r pe _ n'tb:LD8 to 'be Cl ono "trh; .cd:t cunot al!lli.l.Y B.Dd
e o letelY b uadon in bt! 15bt r4 fuwr 1mpro,v'ela:uf leclge"",
I e not c:oiHlcm tb 6 oi irr _ aibl p:r-ooeeBea haa tbe 1
.t'> ,eult e aebi re.v rsibl,f. u:t ! d oca t mor:e fra!ik
be rrt nt 'to Clll the J r'OCG ses e 1.198 _ f'e
r v rbl d l r , 1 thatbs 1n3ua.tion to ort
 27

alwQa '111 e. everaibla q 1D't'olY simpli te tlou hich to

some extt Lnh1bite a e ar d1scuaa1oa robl
otb!

Tbe 1.nter.e J..Dg ecco nt

eoundboard wi'thout removii (p165
ot a air e .
1J.l. lltU"VI , 11.r1
el ou b o
lluatrat on. lt i h d aopro d posaibl , to r D r b
aoga board in tbls wa7 6ftd be aoundboeta bat been tak D ou ,
tb1a remeval. e:nd su seQuent re lace eat ould bave b a per1'D
J.D a reverai'b,l ..., 1 tbe e aee 'tha't all tbe wooden p s woiJ .d
ll :ve1 boen pr arvea. 11 r a om. th t i i u , : Ueb baH r to
vo11A dial'turbtq tJJ.e ao adboard 1, tba .e far a tbe
old glue '811 eoarned 1 the roooee waald b ve b ea 1 rev rs1bl ,
aed u 1e so et Yal ale evideDce a 1

ebo.u. h eaptioa o pl&te n.ll. Orle can et met- mae make

valuabl d.edtU tlo:Da if oae l. g that a
oundbo&rd baa a vr ee. removed. It bawaver i leeD
removed once :1.t ':8 moat impoaeible, 'Cio kilo b.etber t haa iD
l ct 1 be D remavaa Uo!Ce B!ld 't becolll.e, re diffieul"t "Co
recanetr u:t ha :instru nt' a b eto17.
fut r r etorare ill Oh bl7 haYe he beaef.it a!prea n
dreetoratiou report bt 11 tfts,y are scl n iste tb 1 wi11
no bel ev1 ever.v word nres rvedlt but Will sea
eorroorativ
vid D<le tba iDa 11' ent ltael't. 'T a DSIIte, 1t d irabl ' tbat
th 1astru11en.t should be raator In a eb s a.r l'bat a :!Q t\1r
r , tor.e&" oea unde!:" tand a aJcb aa JOS 1Ma tJt hat hu
bappeDed indepe:a.d'8oCl:f o tbe r artorat: .oa r port.. hia1 i.a tum.
cu 8 ata tba conceJt of -opon" rGatorati n. GDBlogoQs o t
pol1t a al eonaept ot "'op 11 aovtt"fttael:lt. 1',b.e rastorer shoul.d tue
oo el Bll th iDtemal vidanoe wblcb he J.a Llal.ag o r o:o:a - e
the bietoey of th 1D _ nune.at 1 ancl roe d 111. ob a WJU' ha\ thi
eY1den; r . for n gtqre reatorer aca eo that d41tioaal
arideaee of hia on reatoratioD ia clesr ancl 1ussU3' nae rs1oo4.
Tbia iB "b.Y the mal'iwr of new parte 'th tbe da-: , and U tb ere
1a room, witb tbe r Btorere k, ia deeirabl vea 1t r _
bJe:at ied 'te rea'torat1o.report. Open r , torat 1011 Al. o
aomu1:1 iAvolYe .gllling on o leatb r in euctl a '"' 7 u to la
_ "traoee of old leatha', i.Dtac:t, ud ttaeb.iD,s n
cl.otb 1tb o
seta ln old at bol lQClddlth be acE l1p r aPr
n4r tbe olotb ,pviq 1bll da1i aad rlators') DAJ e Rta ora.CioBe
tbe:n. baae tel to a lera neD;t U-eqla.aa:tor.r 1 &A e pe!c tu.'"b.
a :aot ea.t JU:!l- i b-J Pri,edemar1D lellwifh
beugs11t d bead1018 or a tachnieal roJort glv D 011 pl14
ar e%clleat, 'tbou h he&dtaa 6 hould la oJl) opr t caaa
ncl de coa le'histor.r, oa!l erationaand pre o
re tora't OD8 of "CA8 IUI f1 ea r ber "thaa jUd 8 rconatruc: a:n
of be ori
Collect aal tiat.
on- (Ruck 10ne ot
rs 16}7} our barpaicbCll"'d
r ve- ed evl4 no 1D th for Buaa
th
ort&iDal a 1
1t t a 2. J - and 4 (ravalemantJ m:t.cor al.te t o beto:N 1950, aD.d
a atoratioa
be!or 950-ot 52,
e acc nlat" :toa.e all
of h a:cb.reatoratioa..
most nc .re _ttan nto ;n epor
Cba,pte:r otJld ataad ell b.J i,sef ae u l.m or\aat e.aCi
su thor:a: ti _ ateunt of llod ra atit; :tg, 111 to r-e tor"! o:n 4
CODBI.n'S;tioa. Wbetber l' xac 17 au te the rest of tb boo18
l !ti!
be ai;biU"' cb.apte :a wlll b t Blue.bl o ho
bYiOU8
 lB
no an t,o a
o e b Aer to mskeo imltru errte ae a carear or u
a bo'b,'b.J d ,H QDaart D wbet tiQ mak or llo cb illvolea.
S eh 11eopl wil.l taD.d to b p8rticu1arl.r inter,eeted 1ll
re "taratiou B!ld coneerYa1ion if tbey ha\'e :'boliigbt ,a l9'th centu;ey
mando n or equ,ara pi&n 'tbat aeeliie r l)e.ir. Cbiapter 6 g1vea
oat of b edvice t)e7 ueed.but tbe conditione under hlab
tb-.r will work lll dit ar co.tJ.a111eraba trom thoa of tb.a
eonaerva,tlo labora1oof w 11-tuipped -a,
eg aDd their prYiaus zper1 nae of r p l.r 1 ulllik 17
'o d al 1'\h BDtqtUta. It woul4 tb.erua-re uve been h
lpfid 1t a a etion bed lb en ..aaed whi'-:"b abo d bo
ood r s1o -11oD81 pr le ar ba ed oD aaaum tiona nt 17
oppoeed to tboae whicb a..,em t,lul, l'&J&il" 'fJf' con emp-orae7
inatlt'\la:a.en tbe la.tt,ar oftu akea us!' ,of fecter.r- aae
replaeemeDt co. onenta .B BA. t-a gf' 1b1 book: wo ld, l think.
ba
pa.rt1cularl7 :i.Dtare ted -to kno bo ood reatlln,a1iional Jrin<:iple
Bbollld be spJlied 'to well-mad iJlatrume!lta &f ao r a.t rarity witb
a. CHlB,B 'o oala 1, pi. e l.p eat,. It could alao ha-ve been
raph.B. 1 ea. tbat t,b mo.at eommon to of e aowsdus: le du to
low b mi 'l'Y l.D wiat: _,:r. ID th , :paat, tbe hea.t1q of b :t ..se,e es'
att,endecl by a certain amount of drlildler.v, aud tbe temperat re,
would. tilow ;xa,et for t1ae' wbo:a, a room as actuSJ.lJ iR u,se
No ad , t insti'htio:a.s ana Jllltl'ci: buildigge and maJ11 pr1vate
bou ea ar- tronaJ.y aD.d ecn:ti.auc osly beeted wbu:b can give
t-elat1ve hurai 1t1tut of 30J' fo r- Beve ral de7 8 at - t ie Th 11 can
old instru nts and it 1 etoniahin ho diffioult 1t
ia to1 e't tb. 't et l" coiJlli,e d.11 , d onca recogn d 1 the u t
s.t: oq corr ct i. lD tB1n, it is oft n tbe Bau
wbo are 1be wor&t off en - :r-1.!1 ,. eloael.v tollo- el by t:b ate:
Se b.oole,. Aes.t 1q plen,t a
itbout tb1e o tat ill-f:itiDS door and 1Dd011s ead temp:era,,ue
af sbout 70 are us The preduot1on of conditions
tolerable
Dr" old woor.ien in tnna,e,n, 1a laqsl.J a p "ehologiclll &ll6
crgam1a t1oaal p alem, and it would baTe eQD ortbwhile to bave
empba a.iz d tbt [!! wb&ther 1D th boe or m a 1111.1 fltl\1111., l.t ::1e "'rona
to J'I'Oii:'e d wi'\:h r1storatiD:n laofere tb.o Jill"'Dbler s ot ma1nta1uin.l; a
u tBble climate bave beeD eol d.

(C onlinued from p.23)

9-99 Tt s 8ta.t Etd that tbe nlnge w.e:re of gut wlt.b the E ts!e) strillg covefed., We
h , ool yet pubUs.bed our reaeal'ehe on lhe hl lor-y o YhJim rstTngtng., but n
brle( Ch cbole g B em bJ bto :- lbe 18th cen\.ury F nch type Wlt.b [U11? DV r&pl.m
G st.ring l'l!Ui n apen- ound over&ptm D Btr1ng 1 or lbe naLM cyp _ (ali!H' lu sed b)' otbf'r5
c)udilag L pold :Mozart) lnvolvlqg lJ-gut IU'lng lhrou houl.
Anoth '1' ple ar the errars- rlddled. UHI'oug'hool U'lltl!l chaptcr iB llhe
l:alernenon p.93: 'fbe ptl'g Bhould grip1 In the smaU 'bo1e lUJe d!e ] rge lholifi :ac i1
1

a guidt.- wben wntog1'.

 89
FoMBH1 Comm. 1 9
R riev ol:

Pbi11fJ' cl tod-Coi.IJI 1 ut Saci ty llooklt . 4!1 L t Cons ructioo,

Laruloo 1 1978.40pp., 12p1., 1.75 o n mb lGt Lu\ Saeity)
&2. 5 to mb .
Martyu Hod aaD

Tbu i t.be la\eri liditi.aD \10 tbe I..UJt. Socity'' boo l ta oo tbe
Lut. 1 od cr:n t.etDpor uy plucked t:rin.:ed iJa..B,t.rumto - .lt i al Ui11 l :r t
publ hh d wcrk vba1ely dt,'l'ot td. to the conat.E:"IL!!:t.io.n of L rt;e t II:!Ctml.ing
a. boaklt lsa ent.:l tl d 11 L.ut.e Conai.ru,ci.iua 1 \)y Jlobert S. t'oopu 1 S nnn h,
U..:i.A., 196l,, ich i, c:Qo.ell!'me4 vlth U c:oaai.ruct.ion af & lta t./Wikr
i.y,. o/ IUIItrumeo.t. ba1ed on pl ns dl'au.p io. 192.1/2 by t.'he Oe , o CN.U.&:r
ker MeKau. ). Por tbeir nit&liwe lB t.king 1b riret atp
pp io cont.em r&.ry Lut
lowa:rd.s filling tbia 'dot 1md lon ....t.t.ndill
lite atur, the Ly Society od in pa \ieular Mr.
Maclod-coup
to be appl uded.

fbe boQklb_. el ly b en YTi n for camplee beioa 1

botb to th& btil &8 wll o D5t enmakin1 1 bot
uaturally uma rrll' oDI.bl 4p ot odvorki:ng co.,etao.ee. :&,y
talloving th VI' 1.D in.11t.:ruct.i.otu tosctbr rUib t.he
a.a1o1n& ed Vorlti,nl IDI"&W'ing 1 o,f .,..icb or 11Ltr, aw:b b J;[M 1:' :sh!)u.la,
b 1)1 to eoutn.u:i. 't.bllll 1 c:oun e
Luh diUCri.b a.
llthougb tb booklet i eatitld 1Lte Con.tructioa1 , Mr, al od
Coupe igta out ..-.ey arly oo 'tha JJ.i. i 11 lA f&ri 1 an. Dt.ror:JuctioD 'to'
t.b subj, ect: e rtaial som ot tb tec:baiqu 11 dscrlbcl iD the boa_ ri
vou1d be WUIU f.able for l.b eo.ntr'\lctioa ot copiea of EYA)" n:t&tlt.
1.u beoLie t4 Lut.a. NonV1 ba adJns
b of nllller , to vbom th vor appur
tb b-ar1n1 1D nr:J
o 'be d.d.r'd 1 lt
el
\I'Oul4 be iaappropriat t.o renv th book t'bougb it p!uporid
to be Ua
dtinita'" vork oa, 11 upeet.e ot L\ft Co : !lt.rucr'\ica. l.nl!ed, Hr. X..cl od
Co p Yar,y t&irly ta a thahit te hniquof co \rvcttoo ot
oU'er'K ,s tb.11 113nly <vSy 1\o l.lut.ea &ud mentiom11 t.bans11at d
kru a ri.ty of teehni u.s. rthr novhere doehe atatth
t "'P
ba a i.11 ta p:roj!h1c a o P'll.tly autbot.b'L.ute Dting .,.,..
aDe
p&rtu:u:l&r Ptelr'h!ld OT s.le liad ntiou t. t. hi d!"IIV1Dif i:l aot of
:pa:tticular iatnu ea,t,, but e obodi f',e&tu!"'e al .al:'li :r 6 'C'DU' N' Lut
witb thoa art latr iatrumnta . It. ia thor11fon 1 a.o c:rtt c:l
o,f tb
eootan ot bookl1t to au et t.bat it m&J ha,_ biWD better
D itltd 1 thod to coDstruct A 1 caurae Lu . Ro r, tor
eo ;p'hte bp.DD.r 1.b tJbJ e-e ioa. IUY oll1ly b of ac&d ic inta'rt.;
moaert.laly tf he requirea a 1 ccuLu b hould be uit abl
to make th instrua o\ d c tbd from tbe true foin b bcoklet
nd \be arkineng.

Aecardi.Dgly 1 v1ii. ri o.ot propo ior o qibbl o r .any clet.ai ls of

d &i td cout.t'Uetll.o.n, o o, f bich y tUl in'lied be t.hs u'bJt.t.
of pc l&tiaD (e.g. bar inR 1 vnod thi tBo s t pl ch s nd -. ete.,,
it vould cle&rly be inappropriatin & revieror FcMRHIQ to ommJt
CDIIII!!I!!Qj OB !lOme of tli'!!! mo:re OlbriO'IIIB &IJ'IIIa or diff'i.CUtly &nd/o r' probh
1' .!il DR (1u t o r IUl ' toa t. o D of th \i'OK'

Ot all tk oastructil prae durede5cribd in tb boQklet, th

trhn que tDr ron truettnR thbk i li lyo pr a at the
moet erub!t &at.i l probh.CUI 1.o _y:on t .isbing ta
t.hu n olh r Ldte ,.
'l'he- 1.huA a ' umea l.ba "'t.hP. ad h!n.t.ioq i.:i :Juatl t. 111. h f e a
,3(11

ti.e.r1 sl 1- cR i-c1rel 1 th aundboard brintha!iT of

\h'f d. rcl .. 'lbe ri\1 :n 'Lb t:fo.r llll ot th a 11b 'fH! 411:11! elz:t'"ji This
t , l n for tb LUJ D rb dil" ng11 bllll , h not. (:f ine) J'or t.he lf.J01"it.y
Qr :nt Gld lrut ' , of vbich &:r &8 ill'tr.ic: at. ltt&Jllt ai. :10 P pcd.l"'
&lODfl t.b loD lt.udit al Q!II ol the 'bo4y'" lurtht r, !Do mouldJ ot.her 1.bac
a t.bin b 1!11 bo l'd, i e p oy. di: I!'&Ch rib ur. tria:ld ta e:z&ctly t.tu :all
ai ae u.oitDif aD. lllu:!!i'lli t. : pla1!.e ani:l 11Uad 't._o t.be adjceoi. rib v.i'lb oo
ltUPpclrt. othr fh UJt.b D ck lbloc:k 6ndl tche tb.io. bmr e owte:r-cl p. 'l'bb
&pp,I'IGIICb is :possible ir t.ba Lori ia -lo lbe na.dn vith rnoly a .fnv ;rJ, bsbut
vit.'h wl ti-rib'h.,d. irut.rumt mt.l anl/ar fto if!! vi:t.h d rn'llt.i'Y till ts
b!f t.vello aelh. .rib thu, 'IC! ehniq,.. pn11 en 11 toni 4f' rabl (:H' na t IUII,Pe'N.'bl J
,c1J ir l:a.ellil ti a iD iiXii'C'UJt:lliD. DY rlo.nt o} d Lut lt:O uld m.v t th :r' ro:r bfl!!o
C'G:U.t !11: i3l ldl iDg b
tllu.s:tn.t t1 bot.h 'th 1' pl'CI'bl
a
1' b d a1111 C tri tiea .1 100 ple- ie, W'f'11
1 tibe Cbt.!a.rrrcu11re Clrep:<iet.d ilfl Lote Soc:1 ty
Booklrrt Na.l l.a'bl!'}led 'He.po Diefo'bru.cbe;r V: utd.IL 160811 Uro,. 2-6 in Ule
Dona.ldl!lo llloD 1Colleor::t.ii 1;'10 t "\bl!' Royal CollrRI!' or tfu-&il:l ILomhm). t'b:i Bi lar;
instnur.nt, :ls aignitic&mt:lly il yab t.r:l.ll.'lld bJ .. b&rc il!' l&'P or n l'.hl
11' t d by tb:ia irroey f ill t.,.

- Tb 1 Lut, iD tb& 4 avi fop n1 stFJg11 l n th 59c ., top eoutun d

tv g ) i,s !!'I Cll'ibd b ll\-.fl a ' f11CU"
t:ub. Thi v.ldrsp:rel!l\1 agd
lint/artllA&tl!' I!!IOdhera 1.1lent;ifir 't.1on ot
DO na.l 1 Lui.e aa fln :r l!.l,li:.l!'
111

it b ed on & falilt wma.lo w:Ub tb l'lal la!;:llil. &JII4 b&111 ,na hUtor rhl
JuaHtb:a lion Vbaiao ' Pr*t.o r 11111 deae-ribru t'h 1'Tnorlau'h 1
bi.n '; 'tbP insr t. nt. :in g1 'b nll tb. Chorist.- Ddl'r 1.-lt.l ut '
]n coD. poraQ B'o bah i!IOIIU"OI' pl.ail'll l.ui\1!' :h lll,.d k idr tntily tbflr
GQ QiD llDtliiMDl. 81 ) Lut.e" aoly blliD qQ&.Uhd Vht!'t'll!' pr::ift t
dii!i l.nction i tq.ui:r.adll 111 Tr 'bl' ( R' ILu,'te rruirll!!d tor 'Uir Co'Mrort
l. Paacuus. of l.oasitlll" aDdl url y and piM _lbl:; & 11M.lle;r1 thllll& l'.d.g'hor
pit.ch 1 Ulica1iorumeo1\. t.ham t.ut 110 lly mploy,rd" so liS "t.o uble t.bt
1

Lu;1. to p1&)' at. C'o JSDri 1' p t.mh vi th flu'h;: po ai'bly ol. to
eq,uJ.....,lendt tco thto 1Di k&ntl&"f. ' :iA ,a 11'1 ilna1 ,a 1 ror' Jlr Loriu_-s
u!J i.h
d ac&ntinn f&t"1.a 'foW'I.d 1a coft4. po:ney Lut t blatu:rt };
1
Be'
(mo:at.
!re ueotly a iiUJ :a.Jm.al d 1 Lu"li!!<) or a:r r r 1,)., iiiH ( er 1&
&pDei 1 dinDCtiou i r oured o diff r n \&te b " n ordina
Luaod & 1, Lut ).
- 1.11'tbou 1\ it ;h Cl h1 t. lb l' booklei; 'L 1! re e! in ,, Ol'1rJ W'l e tion. v.di tb
th. Vorkins Dr.vp ot o Lll'l. d.nvnr ,fJ b)' Jil:r,,. Haelqd....Cou p,. fol"' i.hP Lu,t.t!'
Soety tiDcic!rfitally, 11ot 1:'bll! ol!i Lvte Srac Y Ura.V"lln 1 butr. a m aod
re t.ly i P'f"Or'J'cd '011
datd S1!'J1i1. mber 191'B) 1.11 r- t this d.ravl u
r feorr 11 t o UJ t.b book U1d ili 811 f! tJal for ,1, prop 11" Ca l)l' hllin iOD 011'
tb tiP'Jeit. a.nd a l,lO p\e\ llll,' t.&nd liD,R af thp l:ftlQ41;.rtn::titUJ8o] 't e1milq'UIIt'!Ji
d 11e rib d .

- 'lb -:P . ot tb C!' body o:r t:tu Lu;t - in t:b .l!"&vi.qg h siat aJ ae
bei'Og. b atod. OB a.q ine cn,t D) Yeod.dio v.Eiof'l'r (A.r..
1Elo11o ). llow nr. tb vhol. lbcdy bas beltll c-.1 d LLp hy 2.)t
.s-aitt lo lb Dr 1:'11' :1. r,y rLo II:ICID:mmad L
ideo r n e S' u e'b e. u:-.\ i.D 11p uld. o cJy i t t:l' 1!ll.5 P lt,b vid th o:f th a ck
t. tbl!' body ..y lOult. 1.l :r 11.1cb 11 tin,v inerea' _ 11 re-ally can .1 d TPd,
!1 1'1! :L 1, urely b 'tt- ,1' RBvt-;r la 'Lo d ll:'r au the o e/ ody &'D le
0
by & fll!d P from 72: (at :pr n J L9'1l11P t!b\IS ert crlho:ly i:nrriP' ln
1.tlf' t11 e: rwid b t.l! ' 11,Y. Th-u pr-.et.uva bil!loiori ally r:o oo btin -
ploy d V "' ' CCiD'f"Pl"'tUI rl l'li r Lwit.e-tr. \'0 'C rey Dril" 1'& {oll'ty -
courlll!' ). l.odned1 on cgnYIP'I'!It u.n t-o 11 n.d 1 J cour: r lntlll' J {a o ll!
U f'r, qu nily ll.r01l!Qt1 44 n:r ,_,. o ,.,,
 31

- Since tha sen l ahape ot the i rumot in the draving ie baaed oo

aa mt old Lut1 it vo ld bae b en helptul for t ose ora
&dYentura
d killtul person. to ind! &te tha original daeara ion,.a erial
n br or riba prcls and iz, ete.
- Thel" are- o qutt.a n.ot.ltU&bll cUtt.r nc btve4in th pho'topoal'b
ot tba Lut ia tha baDklt nd tb int.r ent dplcteod 1111 t.h Vol'kiftg
.Draviog: (.:.. 11i.z ol c:ount.er-e'laa..,, briCI pltclq: ot 8tb rra, t, pes'),
tbese could. poll.ailbly con.fu:se a c::o -plet bstn r
- .1.11tboup 113-t ot opera i riYen fo:r fu.rt'hr readi.!lll, t-ba r
11 taken tTOD ta Lut. Sociaty Jouroal or hO.lpin
ry
Sociay JournaJ and l.ba.rafo"e .-xclud so blptu) Coa;trribut.iou
11l 'h Jow-Ml ot th Lute Sociaty ot _ rcat rly Mu.ic, aot to tioa
PaMIHIQI S.trane c:ou.ldl aho .ue.tully ba 'b:o Dada to Pobl t.urt
fh,torbCbit.rroa.e'
{toral\ ita f&Qlt, a ill the only WQrk ol tt. d) aa4 to tb
dravinga of oritiDal i truatnta ilable fro HU.u.a aod otber
Co:Uec:tioo.
- So of tbe voode !IU.ggetd re eiU\e:r ao.aehroois>'t.ic (e R' Habopny.
&oilvaocl)t or uuauit&hl (e..g.C'edr ror tlell1es). ()t.her vooda &l'ie lo1.
n.t 'on.4 dea pi.t. e1ea.r eTdi eue:e, .fo:r t.be ir 'lfide!l p-:ra4 'U!Ia (.. 8
pl
ror P&).
- t"h gra.dotioD of f'Ht JJ:ze da 1 rnot. IIP vitb knoVD arly
tre,tti.D& rul Thi i DOt ju1. a q,u.et.:loiDi ot autluntieity. but.
dcUy attct. the , vitb vbich t.be i Ht.nam.ent
> urely
ay b plN"d lao,
tew maker are t.ill u ifig a ain le loop frat of :nylo11:; t!\e
ry
adYaDtage ot
a double loop r vell kaovu, vell b na biatoric:ally
rttfePt'f&lvaya exclu.ding th eeentric: Thoa.H&c.1 o, Vbn
it co
doVD to it, daeribea a double loop).
- fht lac J rlued OA alter &11 tha YaraiabiDg i eompJetd; it fa DO\
tuck ooto tht bar. vood aDd YarDiabed oYr

fo w..:riael 1'b:i1 baoklat. hoUlld certaiDly nable a begiDDr to

conatnctt th 7 cour Lut !lho"WD lo thtt QliOc:l.&tltdl V'rrk'in,l Dravtnr
nd p oide8 a ueful lDtroductioa to LutaakiAI iDD ...l.

Piully. vhilst. aa a br ol tha Lu\ 9ocit.y1 1 appl.aud. t.b

pric ( per'M.pa :l.t y help to lkP au'bcrlptio down) 1 it doe.s
a littlon the bigh side for sach a ali YOl
32
ro Rm Co 19 o.. CoratlnuaUOD. of Comm 1'71...

Sinclfi' wr -t.ing 1.ne xe :rie whieh ppe:lred lll

'tbe i;3.ou t t he fint .fas. icl of pl tes haJil ome 't hMd. ThL1
ecrasJsts af eight li>inder 1!: :;heets, ' a.c:n o( which 'Un!old:;; to r:!!i!k_ e 1t.
dotlbl s.i p fh The re 1 er is presumably >rpc t d te bavhls
:9epa.ra e r eialea bouud. LIIJ"'d to bave these !aac:::icles of plat :o lbouml
in vitn the text. 'l'h problem of coU rUe, -s tna 'this ia a long-t.cm
111

pm ject 1, i'ol' the boak ::i :appe&rl.n& over con:;ide bl p(!criod of t.ic J

IJ!I ll.Dtil :they l;.le 'b11nmd t II(Ould, be r or,1a 'te r.cp&r&t-e

thc
_ ts I:n the lfi.aD...,hile , one tta.s to QP';!Q e eh sheet right out ta find
any pa:r'tioular plata9
:8ach plate (i..e. pnee of p t; pl te r1o bm- is usod a.G t.ho'Ueh it r
piloge n er) containa a va.ry1ng num.bar D r :figur Jl1 !lo that r.e:fezenc.<:t
the text to !i sxx be to oat any pl t: to take a r dom
le ,, p1 te 62J1 the back: p of tbe 4th obeet 11 h on it :!'ip .
UH
te 192. 'l'bis will be no p.robl(l;m cmce tbe sbeehi u-e 'boWld up., but it
dO&fi Ct&Ufie' proble t, the ntt' ince it is D)"' QO l!l ar\3 !SS!l to find
th ! e vanto. n1c illuotrat1QS th elvc are nsuallt !cr.ma-
ive (111 Dl:lrt DUJ:e tha a. viev o!pn.rt Df the ga:td.en 11' d. a.t.bi 11 pucp u.nd
baek Btep .of the l'.fioWJe of Beckel 'l tella U.C Cllleb), thc-ggh. &OIOC eJ:' on
the dlll.". side (none bad tboRe in poor 1-'.lal".Y fit.cnant r 'OOok - e
Oom:::n. l49). 'There l:e one !111'la-ou.t pla,te (lufbll sh n uaually ba.te heoe)
t.o r!hov tn !tngering system of 'tht> lh!e 1 ba.a-saon on one n-ide ami the
Oubradou.a ! r:i.flB Ofi thi! other 'l'b h a.r a numbc of c:rocg
s :ions fr:om J:&a:k.cr:. 1 clra.\d.nes and othor nol.IN't's:.. 'l1l e &.rE' e
miero-;photoerapb.G or N d e:en Th r .a.re a number o pic'hlrvs o!
b ootta in Uf! 11 thercforo al o or ba::;GQ!list:;;, &"OCle b...t not all ot
1o1l1om are identitied! (ii ia alv3,)'".. ctificult to ldentif'y eve;ry.; ne in ll
g'rDU.p Jbo,to} d fJ f ecuree a YUt 'llWi:i1t:Jer of ba;s :lOOil.S' M.d S O
b,as11.oan:; not in us
B vie-!wfs o tlti a I!JaSf\ll!l OJ!IUS vill o.ntutH!1:.o appoa.r ac thbi:ts a.:r:rl vo)o .

Rt!!vifl'W' e:! LIewe-U::;n S. IJ.Oyd and 'EI1.:t.gb Boyle 1

lnter.rls.,Scal J:J and

T erruncnts, J:"&V!cd and e-nl.ArB'C'd edJ: t.iOII 1 cdonald li Ji111U!
,
Lpndon, l 1 322 p .9.
1

Th1,. !i.r.l edit1on of thi-s boot 1 Mc'h con .I:::;ts of orhcleu Uld crtne.r
pD.p ra o1'11 .flC'CWJt'ics bt lJ..S.J.J.oya!';elP.C.ted :111ill erti tE' "D,y Rugh Hoyl1
v -th n1.1Cba.J:> 11:1f' other articleE" on Y"elev;!llt ca ers .Bo,yl , ran "to
246pp Md co::;t 50/- b.t.:.n .it. pobl1 n d tl1 196}. Th! l!l l:rJl:lteri
i 1 p.a.rt .froc::1 !)OJDC footno te:a , in Hugh ioyl 'p.a.rt of the book
a ine l.ude.s a -oo(l 1!!' of u eful na erlal.
Ci rt!Lln.J.,y nnyboo:y inter t..-11 lll iotlJrlf:ila and tilt :pc.ramcnt::: (a.n1:l I
P.U t.:ha 'll'.erybO<lr involv ...a iri early lru6ie. 1& in t ereoted in Ut
GUbt!c t) ht11ld CH.! wn. .w- vi Llo:rd ..,. ork 4U)Il "",. lliU-"ft bE' vecy
't 1Ul to B ..b lioj'lt.! to:r br..a.nging togetl,er th"'e .:LrticJ S W1.Cb fir
uppo.. ' .Ul vnr.:. otli .mu.!flea.l jOl.l.Dl.W..:... . Lloyd waa prttjudicL-.(1. in favour
af et:} u ampc ent 41 natur4.lly no fcrc th a.rl:,- amo1'1 movement
ally WlliP-r , bu here is ''" gre.a OF-Il.J o:!' ery valuab 11! inror-
ra."1.1.f.a 1ti re 1:1\JO' or-tt L'!"Y :uopl.J -a atJ and easy to use tCJo i.ih;,,.-
ihowhoe uo
Cii!fre.nc b t..,
yo aware of th iff- unees, jrJSt how
r1!!f re t C1ftPI! :71entr'i "3.l:'t . 'Th,..
e at he
alie n nwnbP.:r
ol .tlli!i"trn lon1t f ril.ff ror.. !O taons o': t he mu : l s ide- nle ( _aneit
3. of" Llayd 11 no .N.-rlnt -d be?) on whid Q,l:l:'lb , bov-
1/J''- un :ra.i)n( h>:r b.u: -s , ar.an tht. difl neo-a .
 he eon3tructicn of 33
lr.OJ1G-
.......a.te m,i.no - be :J rW1JOI1
Etl rule, d b topa the
d-h ld rouna-noG plie9 .u ht tTecbl
or th h,Qild b t1i t .d to th rlng "'thUs ta he piten.
Por detail or cin, see Co.21), follo b7 q b_r of eh
its u.3e 1 o th.l.t the pictoriw a.n.-1 wr1ttm ellcrltrti na a dC a
;:o r:m in. Llc:J11a eation Oi.Jil b h 11 d
tl\L u or r.hed to P rcaiv
th m. Tbere e _ nwub r of Appemliee n in thin i t on, vhlob
ln.clu.de a!'levan s o, u. lj' il JI u or t;vo, frvm t:ht! vork oC
o !\er :u thou . Tbe boclt triid.D th tb l.nva.lliable table of eent ..
YQr ovory a n 11 t 1 (tro a O in r ) l.a 1200, 13o}fle t1vos tb s v t! '11
tba .r.1.tio (de r-ahc) and h le h in llrllllmetre to ene
dc pol.nt for a :1 m a\r.lg leil,gt.b monoebo-M. 'l'li.i t. l.e cd
lo SR ma ha or
rk with peneil and p P-1\'j d 1t nvea eccd d al
of 1me d work even nDv v th a poc t e tor. ene stili nte
calcl t her7. to cen'ts (se Co.m::n. 21.. I ga 3 86.3 aa lhe ccru;tant
t:h r: ; thla :ter o.rd..i.D..aey loga , and ..ror natural lop h eon tan i!J
e!

1731.234) but onthim i3 don , ppropna e .11otes lt.J1d i.u tha

gin of tbe bao 1 me jwl lOOU i lfP 'l.'he bliG alGO VDry
Wie! eontr nion. t 1 far vart!!/cent.o (rol:' tboe who havant t

hu t.J.:Je'ul; the-re are ;01 tia hC' octave and th

1 D:J bcu. 4 e ;mt!!l
to i'l v d juat lr 2 .. o an oal temper ee 'tane,. )'
bOut aa UDDful :for :ti tah m 1r m n.t, eo d Id.th e !11.9. aa
1ncncu: fo-r llneU' eD.U1..11.l"C':ll"'nt wnen compvith mill1.m res)..
Th :incnan in pri. is a bit horriyin.g, but I u
poae thD..t ths.t i a the Wa:J' o,. I think be book is
fUI rtou,gb to be orth t.

A Wt:!l ome o 11 ant pe ":J, ed:it d b:r

f ankly based an MHHI ( xc t thav energe-
tia tl'l.'l!
hiau:u he crQeD auoke.r
JDDre th
k Iuture Djlld or me, to
conb:.lbuton hn.s typetJ
type mos or i:f. out
'Ol:' t em!l lveo, wi th
inAtrtHltiona mQ.nh li e onl"B).. l'n no t au:re t}la t I QhoUJ.d b@ th' - OD@
to re ew thia, sine eh o!t coiats o icle of Qina th
t.t! &J.thE!ntic IDDUthpiecea on I.J ase i.natl"U!:lenta \ofhlcb vaa d(!SiBDt.>d.
to tiT up con rov ray 1and th fir3 r aulta of tbeo trov-ra,r which
it h cerr:.ainly .:ruca d in t rxi.ng. IWapMll s e .rro Chri:!toplu:o:r
klhk, Diwa.tll T&rr. Prof a oor Dr. D.L. tht!'ra (w uz;_ to d:lil 'h1.m
the .) , 1 lU:y.m -:md 13ru: _ Dick.e:',". 'l'tley all \oorlh rea.dJ.ri8
( tho oponaes, e )., an 1J1 ,. i an n- rt;ai_nin8 ietori e ""Pl-
'l!Y b)' Juliaa :ll:t-ake
 tb oth r a scri(ltlQft or _ bChriat ON.tcb .. Oxroril 1 cene t,t 11ith
f :rly den led meo 'W"t'm6nt o!one of tht!EII . J qu.es Legu.) ecnt.rl
a revi:sed venifln o Fo'MRBI Como.eo. anj lus Vl:fl vette. the l'i
part or a brl l hiatory of "ttw c.om _ tt. in GcJ."1Dan,Y .ami lbgl..QlJ4 b tbe
lE Ml.d 17th contw:i.ea.
Obvioly i!' ttilu , involved in comet1s or oaw::KDilll
get EP\Ich or loJ ,,..iD in his iune) at l 11 lfbu need te
thl.s . P is :hopl.ll'g 1 1::1 "'Pi'tt- the titl'et to eove br lllo 1na
so 1I you h vWl.y i.J!l t gt in hoaJ .w:d 'i:ryJrpetlf gg w u. 'llr.i:te to
and a; U." theria DnYthin& in the- nen iaauc in your line,, _ iC
th e N -1 mt, enoour bim 'by writl.ng o tliDc' 01r by au'bsori'bi:A,g' iD
a.y e. 1.1' h!had 't\ild e Vha.t the sub criptio:n was, , or ir tha - ll
any ihCli Cation on this iGme, Ild 'te yttl 11 fJJ"rl I t G:U'bscribe w
elf , but l'l hasfilJJt ... perhaphellll et ;e
lolov in t. e .f'Ol" l)ll.r .nert
i sue ill 1A 'Whieb oaa!' l'11 te-11 )'DU..

BEview of'l ikinct:rm:n.enj.en-Milseum deJ: l-t1.'1.a:-Uai:vcnitat lllip :J.g,

- KA ..., e- :B3Dd 1:: Her)ert lieyde, - ,otn . utacbr V rlag fir
tfuoik, Lei ":'ig, 1978. l&Opp , 16 pl>'II'LE!'c. (sho!J.ine iiiiAD,Y n '\lifm)j
n ro Un i:'l.;ra.vi of li: ya .and COllil :ruct.icfial deta:ila.
nDR25.
'lhl is th from th Lcip::.ig- MIJ.aem
d o!counre v&_ ill
e .d KinBM;y/Heye:r catalap!'.
ere iii introdllction w th n'-'1!-ero 11 _ d const'l:'lla tlcmal
d@t.aih (pmpo lcn!i of conloity., e::).. 'naeo o ,taJogu itilolf li.st
cveey inDt'l"Wn nt in th llJU.S _ in li bu1,, a.nc iAc' lw:l Wn.te-v d!e't::Ll.l11
--Yai. ,abl of -the :inc rwDc.mt-c tb.a:t r" in thD lz:!'I.W nt liE:r'e lo;t
in WJd .a.:t er tbe -..u.t".. fhe ele l incl . ce b.e 1
.r a (or ort.b.cra)
111

oi th "Be ;photo :ph on th pl e!!', the f!i tcob aJll!

:tVAW end b:r _ : r cs rip _ on. 4 tal.ls o the y'> , de.tdl!Od E!!C
ma.t riaJ.s o!wlrl.clt thf: in 't rw:qent . rl i. t s k y R , :;U;j made ili a. brlef
biEStorical d rtption of tl!IC! inot an its type 1 and vher lcno'lrn
.he b.i.Otory of "'th iildiridu.al iflut;rw :rmt. 'ltle e.a.t.aloue is .rollowE-d
b.Y li t., vi h ietailc; 1 e.f l th ;(o-:r"" prer.'errted1 and. tbe 'US1lal
oroDs-:rafttre!:Dcta.ble for e;,t.oJ.ogua nwn'ber i:.c page r:n;nbe.rii! The'm am
th lii tiene oC - o out.li.nt? r: ..,i.!Jhowing: all tbe DUit:n&.mMt
types in a parat joint::a;. all the fing rl.ng ayst!':!!f.l&; t.b e !'l or-
the e) tow:lJes t.hc Jrollles of all t1: >tr.:y- type::.1; o.ll he d.i!f'e fi!ll t
hn.peu of ' y he all 1:11 di:t!t:rent type-s e kea ;
e!.'Qas-
ion3 O" a1..1 thE- d.ii!'ert!nt ype.a Of fL -.er/Jcey:wbol1E!9 ('but l:IO. tbe UDd 1!1-
0U't irJB); tJ1 d.iffmnt 'ty'p c,f head l:il'flS J. e:rt W'"' fo the
cork:; he pro!ll_ ,G or di!'f ro.n-,; fe-mu 1 foat-f mil d. bodo
t.u-mi '18:"' e !'te IU'e :!olloved the 11l eG
jJ
The a.a\'J.lo,gue covers all iypes o' flute 1 J'JO jU1Jt l"Ccorden and t.m i
bu aleo ocacl.nas11 ttb.il.ib;-iw 1Q utrt vtli's co, ! el l:i:::; Bnd
so on.. ?b :re- 1m CIJ'.Jeh poin 1J1 titY
1 i hov [{OOCi thinlt: it: iEl
(don rt ec-L " V'ftltlC; 1t ... coro); ir yau l'laVl th D:llghte-E:t 111 e t.
n'llt Q of an.Y ort 11 yC: DaV1 D l'lav hi eatal e r\ of nOurGC'
1nent i fQ/f' ev ;: l.")'Ol'l .h.o l'le-ed _ to know .rheo thil'IBS u. anal
...hiQ'h mwlitlllm has t,. l huw no d('l la o.r , - ntl! arJd -stoc ot.-c llll
:JO en; mrm WJU&lly WO"I' through itkopf !iirt 1 in Landlln dJ I
5'1.1J'IJK....e hro ,..ho .,r handlE!':: .Iu:'eitkgp - in o h r UJI:tri I:Jte
.mr:. prler:6 uatlilly go up ubcu.b 2fol' exporl, and. DDR iilre' b n
equ.:..te \d tl1 , on tcp Gf whiel'l in r. ;n un Bnly infl t.ed.
obar i.c placerl I :b.Pr wt1.... 1 gc l froiD e 'DJlii :f you can
 S5

FoMRHJ Comm. 194

THB IlSVil.OlfilENT 09 t.'IIB GALLACHO
-PmmlER TO CQJOt.1TS

I .. ' 11i grw.t.-1tul to .Doll&ldl OU 1., rVbo r 1Jdr11 1Q1"' tS o n ba c.k i.D
t.o tb T&l'bot lb. t allld l.D rticula.r to latiaulp 'b vll bodl'
1eagtlb &fld hll! apeu trio,R lD.gi.h ot the Col cbo der:nJ.bed t.hria

4 IIDGr' deta.lled ua:l.M.tio:n of 'lbe uz ni. of tbJ ifliA'lt'llllm*'

vo Ia app ar 1.G blle tb.e co eDt 1 l'e rd. h rst.l'ieted.
aea raphleal di trlbutian of , b6 OQr e/ring 'C.lachon.01 arly
r lbot. 1a own co nt. at .... larg ly takeD t"'111 Mra.-nn aod reb T
an.d be&r lit l T"el.&t.ioaabtp .,o tcb iut.' n1. b loa 11D. to HX". PLP er 1
ll'bieh b ect?J&llr dllured. Tbil inatn : en"t lh&d a !1\-HDg 1 ngt.h of
98+1(4 AdiQJn hv b figurl ar nta pr d), vbieb al ot
u!-1 tor 1\11 a#;l:'i _p t!.lll d !albot. lndic te,l or C1 :01 G,
Ptirthee.t Actor th6 co rae/1t tog anll atiao {a o by tb
11idt.b ot nut. nd. ol!'r:k (43.4 )1 vhlch enlly &llod fJ eow-ae ..
fhl!' bol!y lengtb 01 t tv. Pinger' Cole.chon. h I)B, ,.4cm., giTlll body lengt.bj
op a. .tt.!rin lt!!ngt'h rat.:lo ot round 0.,60 All tbDu,b i.bi.t< r-tio U oUrt8l4,
1

t 1\ joritu)f inslft\8 analy1ed for (Q-.. 1151 it da

R artbel fall ju.t vltbib theztr..age &Dd qu te ai ificAAtiy
iiiff Hnt to t-h r&t.io row:.d ho He reDD, d..re.vill of t.be "ColachQD 1'.
Tbi1 l!lltt. r ratio i O,l5, or O.J8 ir correete aa 'iDI t.he rdb tt" t. u
r.b. oc,tawe (la.cid At&llrt the ra\her W\\I U&l rnt\:LD Df H r f1Dtl 1 COlacllio:a.
eo ld vll rpay ca a rioua attea ion)
Iom ioler.t1il te& ur ot lbe iDat nt, Vhieb Heree daet1baa
re; oYn-al.l 1 Di.b 4 or 5 pied, t.hu iTllaa opon, 'tr \:a1 lngtb ot
l20 15c ; tbrea a Tial untd C, e, tb gut tr1n
ha & od _ TD piteh
ttut trialengt'b cauld. n.ot oxcedtt n oc:m tbue lldf:p4'J'tin MPI'aeng 1
:roiJlgh imlicti,oa, ol neJ body leo 'baUt -42cm.

ln iot the aba[ boli tbth1 only Qqe gbvi

M eculldU!doo, vh.h'b ay b dra1nu :Uit.,t, :h th ot Mr. Pillpr
CoJ.ac:bom IU1preaeotll ood. &Jli!LIIIIple at a traa.ll t. 1on&l iU't :nt.
betweeDJ the
trem ly lon-8 rutcked 2/l 1.d..n :irut eat ot tb , rlir JIIIU"\ of
tb't 1 Tth cen ury d th thorler aockcl 6 coun iut.rwunt. roiZIIIQID in.
the id 18t ceDtu 1 ihi LD turn ug.at.t th larg 6 cour
iAI t 11t -a more vid 1li)I"Oa.d. 1 bacl prllrtou.,ly "' tred iD
Ca 17S, and. VId not JUat. conlined t.o G any ud lt&ly. ocrrcliogly
I VDUld nov .spt-C"Ulat ih&t a.roWld t.bt turn at 17/1 1.b e at-ury both
tYle at Colacboa caxitd in coun riP 1 bu ver rop d iD aoat
, lrly IP rly aD in th llltv CIPO lU'Y onl.Y bein fvrthor d elop d ana
uUH.a d in part.a 1of d m lt. ly and Gnnany. Iod ed, Er;Q t. Gattlieb
B n& Ja 177 iu 'Hlatoriach-tb reti th und PracLiaeh
Unh1"8uebUD d IM, trumeatl d. r 'Laut -n 1 ya th&t h (Hattheo on)
foPret tb t. it 1' the Cola.aeoin ) a only t.he bau af L.u't l!.od eauld
not 'b are tb.&a t.he wttol iD.Sl.nD nt, p4! 11.. lly il'l'CP tt .1 q, Jlllte
char tba.t. or ce.ill bl!' e :o pl:ia, bed vi b ny 1.bu '\i'tt ), or 6
caua"'.
01 COU%"1 nt
 iD 1 ly in tb fi;ut b 1f pf th 1?t'n e errt.uJY 1 JU' d. to
lllaDf
ol t ep by 'th 1ii1d or 1h re n,t.ury! vh,y i" 11101"0 , binga
ud i.n u b D MUDJil tm iQg'J hrha:pa il b i.o. t.h1::o v ry tunibB
1!11 lf that a U.n1. y ti feund i CIJIOIL.ifllly T-al 0\c - j.,. .D. t.Wling ar 1.h
r'iltll C'o 1Lekol'l 8 icdebt e l r i't'h 1-ba:'L D f t.h
B4n.d O ir"& ollli1 tbf Vi li'
llttulig' i.D&l.rume.ot wa& Yel' hi, y tbougb.L ot IINUDd tbf' 'nd ot f;}\ 17th
e&otuty tor Tbrous ls it not pobl t _t a llt tt
gut t'l:'rWI :uJ.t't:ru:nmt 11 twtd tb 11 11 th l.cblilr&bl lndon 1 'IID!Uld
b aa ex rm ly uaaful ,d4ition1 - p rh) not

Prob'bly the 1'841Si \.:ii ton&l iAsinanpnt,s veN Q'lu.1.e lartl' Un ope11
a \ riq lecg'th aiJ Rr .P'it ,g r 111 .s Col.achon) ndt 1n!':r aoly red'lilcedl .iu :siz
v tb be incre&aiog u of ave ouod a rioand thc!cnaeque&\ duttiDD
in lllopea, &t.r:l.illg lea,gb pot ra.li'bl. , t.hUJ &UO<vUiR' tr lit. 1' _ ot 'l,!o!iA
'l'hi d c-raa:c in o liJ ririog l'ongtb 'ta aroWJd 'f tOea ""'Olil 'b&.VD t'h n
llorw 4 h vhttl pitcb ot tb. . iu :rum nt tu b ra:hed t.o 111 th
1uDiZII J .. D b,lr tUl' aoa iD D 1 Ci 1 c:1 ft .11 dl 1 .. , and thu:s th
tra.uition to 11'11! elu 1711licl 18 1ce1rtury Ca.ll.1 rhoP 'III!O'Yld bave be
com,Ple, te.

Ma1fY th t.o tbose IMI'III'I re ,1 me tD pn_qt. out tba.t

vbD cofl!t&cte-dl
tb ,e - ralt tVD othr e t&nt Lut - h ped in&trumeotb tbe
:r. 'lil l!
k '1" St ut.ill ltloli p:ri i'liG' to:r '& I lnl!flr't aned in Cocm:!.
175, it s blgbly pro bl th& ubstanttal numbr of 1i ilar
iDJtnaneD,U ox.isrt.. otbor tlban t.bDeli "f.edl by Po'hlii'IDM ( 1'9fS) ..

lnd d 1 l ba.Wl iAc:: fotUDd :r f IIA!I.m ta t auot'hrll t'bi!

vali
1 'lib Col_l ct.:iDI'll of 'Nush:kl futrum'lt.nta af t.hl!' 1Ln.i8li.:h lhnb
at:hul.e :f'W' :Uu '1' a B rl:ia, Bl!h- 704 in th eat..l!o,gu f tb.at
calleetb,n -prep&red by Dr. Oekl:r Pleiecber ;nd pgbl:h!bed in 1892:.
'lb :in51.FUIIIIIIQ1. i lta'ted .md.ter t.be -li!nenl headirn ,of 11L&uteot..r-t.ilo 1
Ltll a l..ut 'by Ml.t u. Vemeale.u Bt.utl.llB61' ID lt T.Zbll' (Vi:rce,lh'gl
bales tbt latinied 'ftirianD of WunburgJ &zw! daf;,ecJ 11 715 ,. it 111
4c!l"-ib ' ae potq ,
1 etl'iD,P ic & coure (i.he- lb:j,gh,tllt lbe:ing
1mg1 ,. rocut a t or
'111 voaA, ,., .&d
aa CD tbe York
i1t11t .ot., loo 1u , lh:ttoir't.u:nablyta '9' kn;:nf]l!'d: i t. ia n.o
lc.qell' m -.u,y illif tb krl:llai C'ol.lr:tlau &D.d VOldl PJ)EI.i"' to liJ.,ye 1)eo
111

loJt or 4otr 4 tn tle 2nt Vorld Wr, aootber

iTll l 1n1111 tr J11a and ml:lch _ u&i c.

Do . oa hotktt ic t eni by SiDting

- t'be t r.l!t aJ' lbeae i-111, i.D J'&ct,, lihaJ i11 thlll' 1',12 ed.i:UoD ot
.Pobl na, but ot.:N.D 'ly .a'bil ni. tr:CJ aulla e-41.gelli. 11di U ou. lt i!l
1i.a t d &.1 A 1La,u.t.ll by Ha t.teua ( ai1) VvQ C.ll'lllu St.ut..in "r 111.
,.
r cit. ircalbt.ar l 1772. no,. -42'-173 iD tb :thlltclm.er S'tadtn eUII'"'
t.h.pr 11eot di po it.iaa i to' r 6 t illSI at,rilp:r b:ut PohlG&tm
-_ lit-e oriP ot h:i r&re eommea,t. pd..Y tut. -tlu p ghn.d 11& 'b
bort md for 6 iDRle trin a.lpe atriDI lnglb69cm 1 8o
l Dgt.h <'17om bod.y 1ll,Btb/up -,a t:r:in1 lttnl'\-b 0..68),, Tberl' u DO
ot.b tr :reloTaoc.t. iafo tion :llble 1 but. 'ob1 l AD :1 rly. b U, 11
hllt. thlt!< im tru;; .ent h&l! ibeD CCUlH:rii!id111
- A d c riptioo ot tb r Ktor,at lo 11 or rttler l !11 e U.
t'h reincrnatioD, tot' tbe .!l .::o:r dl ia trwr. D1. pp a:r in. 1a boak
"Gu:tar lie&i r 1 lbJ' a. Kr.. lmng Slaldl ( Pira.-f. :pUbl ilb.-dl ll.. S.A..
11 9,73 ,,
 37

U,l,., ,1 91). utu.Uy,, .1. dG op IUc&ll .!l:.lllf tb b ok OD t. t,ht

,a,ppearanili th u.a. vll :i"<GIII b 1' riY &a llibllog,t, &1, the
:p1'octo4U!r ihiilcrii.'b _4 '' 'n.itcn '' 1 ha.dl 11 baptfully. thou(lh't tut
11rU -t7Pt' ol' UA J cholrb w:rk b loaa b .111 gi ,g \ti 11' lil aY..,.o,
balu 11 , efli,dt nf; ibat. tbe l'e Wl'i 11"till plir.aou bDt oD t.b.e
ab, U, n.t.1alll orf n:liuabl Dr notJ.o 'C:lll da"ta, by IIIPpiCJ1'iDS al'kill 1
:re.ttant:.ioa uc:bDoc-u - It abould.A't J',i!'&lly BY au,pr.l d t iDc
11 b'ft D q,ui. a m111lbr of l'l.ll'ly V!l,th eeD!t.uy OuJt..r' wbi.cb han
r cid 11 tr. .nt.
'l'ldr1 parlteolu :la.at.I"\IIIIII'D.t l p&rl af t'hr1 Callectlan, uf 't.'be 11Di'QII'li;y
o r Pm y l ,.... MWIIBlB ( eu.r- to r - Ja.ba'l' vbi :tnc da.ll,. 11!1:u"'ori .
tb rcautl"\\ctiob
111b11Url
'nle lac t. tw
1 wt
at the far B. roqu 11a
HI.tlia u Vlllealau/St.&utinpl'
111
1
bl ply
fC'i'L,
1/ 'J. 1 u1
Virct 'bl!l:rl 1768
br rei M.ed L :and 'IIII r tudr ot t.'he pri.ot.e _
l11b11l idDtical vitl. tbt t'oll.lldl G:d tb Tol':k :l.ut.l"\\ldot. ::rhe.r 1 la
,. Jriot ll '' r11pa.t.r 1' 1 lJI.b 1 :r,- adllnr 111Jaha11.11 lo r / lmt u't tlll!llld!illr
In, Vwo: buzg: 1 R.parlri'; 'tll.- wrd 1rllfpal'lrt' :inlud i-a.. lD itA pre
':r-ea. t.ontiollll' t&t. the iuti'P!ZI n,t, poilllllllllt4 a 'lm.ot' tn :'O.t-11 (a,f &
1 llii&r. pa:r. m) llt iAto tb 'bolly, t.dt af 11 rlb, r ck vitb 1 :tDst
fzrt arul l fl'il l llud -to t.b 'blly,. !M'&bn.4 ro.r 6 la le t.riop la
th psu&a' .,clt.J.t"ical' tll lil popular in, "Lb ar'lY 19lb eu:ry, IMllfl ot
:lpll'UI:IP {a&ia by HJ-,. SliD&nll tal be .. TplacaaiiDi. rar i&D rlir IDiQJ. **-riY
192 e a-t.my Gw:t.a:r b&i'.l'i.n :IJl tb. 1-.tu!h aa4 a. lmJII' (i.e. tw
:be..,.,. bara btvten t
r-e11 aiD4 br 4111,1 G"ftl! be n ra11 -.n4 n.ck block,) r
t DJllr U.fiitl 1 plli hll'ld.. ror 6 llil.oal !l"taa ' I:I.D polah OID t.h ttqer-
bOii ad.. No atuurn nta af t.h i'atrt:rmat t. &Hi ;iT.-11111 'b1d. t'h 'ba-dy
le.au ta b.... J rAII tb.Ioft w t na.m't Dd !&ccomia lJ" l
vouli 'tima:t a etrlq 1a h o!' aroua4 62/6lc_.
:I tdll II&.J" lritt,l abou.t t!ba JD.-call d ''n'HI'IIIt-iall' o hlll" l.baD ia
cba tb &dllrin.bl.nfhAt at K-r. Sloi&D "lttgh ol
't.'h diffi, ul.ty' tu
rebration wr-11 1 ua.d:DI.DI tbtl arud! bandl:wrk D:l ..-Jdlld ii'J!A-h:aa,
ad t.a elltloa t.h11 c,oapl.t!rtil npla!l!lna;l af 't.'b 11 q 111
U UP
bl1y
t.raditioaall!fl b&l'l'l'D (a"ullJ.7 orl' b!ll ty'JM foWld QD l&trl 16th a!IAttJ.r,r
tUfi.a4, tll pl,aeiq of & Dllv .....,..,. :ro:aawat briip l:or 6 t.ricqp
t "'tuhiollerl tn ttb tryl ar llht.o D1.b ca't&U7 l '" r-.epl&.e t'll
bQgu p!D brid 1)
t4 \o b t-JJaornetly p II.C:Idl but tb,IIDJ plac4
b:iper 11-t.U,:l, t.ll ac;.,.piiQI' wwy ot 1.be rl:t'I.Jal rtmi.ab11 1.b rluiq of
arack v:it.b 1& a.yD. hri;lc irr....-.r.tibl 11u 1 t-h nuhiQI uf th t!dp a,f
lb 'llr aa4 pa.rt. or th o:riwi:n&l b&cll ter .. bllidiDfll 'te. "-- ndE:
vaPJ ww1111"t&kif:ll 'by au O.I"G, T.:kGub'i. Q ('a ll!ftbi 1" 1t.1tb pe cial
iDi.,r io tllt' 111 ")1 app&:f'eot.b' Hlt)lloyil C.:r. llar-tiD :ta..
1"11, {A quit Cl&r to 1t&C, "lb :i..aJi'tftdlea\ va_a C!OII"rid to b U,
., Guit.a.r ( p:nbably bJ Ror J ba tll n:rb 4otc:&d o1' tb '19tb e Dt.
'ni! jor lllrid.nc tor .1\lch a, can rioD 1'111 fPlD briq tor 6 t.rlap
(cli4 1101. 'Pph-1' Wltil t:.11001 ) typ af blly banian laort.nd aaJt
(hDc iBlliDif pvi.o.t.)r -\o li a llt.J"i:llf lnifit'li 'typlc&J. af 11..1'11' , EJtlt
otntury D:r.&a. Guitar; p 'h 4 \'1 1ft-iD N ioullr liDi.q'

1tb, prwpnul t.& p&r61rpb af eo... 17S 1 d

-Vit'b
intnduiGn at the 6 &i,;dt.r !IUotmdl 17&o tb M&oao
co\UII/ t
nd. h .chon :ai.noreuingly to b WIIM Gil t.a.T acd illfl.l11\:rv
YiltH: .ou " " po-e: lll;y mall"' Pe p.1 a!lou.ldl 'h&ftl ettpb a 114 hat
m&Q,Y al' the ea,r'U:r doubl al-ut.,.z:rt.l nn also ronnl"td to b
u !111 .s.insl 'brw l' Gu.itu
 O - ?K?J
T- wre: Fo mHt om.m. 195

Dile to \bit la!k o[ a\H:'Yi unalt ftd. lc.a :Ht 1 tlle tu Df' lu 1 im \1:1.
fo:rt lMt ql;J!.J'te.l' of t 16th C DWry _ ay mtiy bl Uh1et't M tn. .-Uihl"
i'nldJ.aD oC eontm PI!JJD.I"Y :pai.a\i:Dg6 &Dd 1:1rlnt " I:o vitrW o[ th :t qiv, Mtur ar
lt,'ble or
'l'id nee. 1t 1 pe:rhap IIU.t"PP"1 1 thAt thl!a re=a.i.M 11! glect d r etldl
Of kq. 0. of tiJ DUODII for i.hl
1
be J. p :r&.l luc tanae ta lb li V t t U.
Renalaeaupal.'n\en pa yed tbe inat enttl 1m tb lr _ nt..1 the;t n.c:l\lally wP
pere.i d.. W1thout dou'bt. th art;i;t;a_ or tbi od wet'e bmdllt DJ CE!''riaiD CtDBY a tlClft!
aM \he a:r&!" ldp or 1 ntl =ted iu. tl'l 1- or detall llcllted. doy b
ggpqc.t. t.her f'M"tor e. llllo H tha. , M.y we are ll!:orull'tio11ed 11 -tbr,c:mgh "\ha
u.M . \.lll.d&hle :ph i cm the ahdy o!.ut"rlvi1'P 1 t Miit.: 1 ta ll.a.Yt t.htt'di
c:on.npt
or 11 - a lQ\e Bhc:ruld lo k lit . ns t. tMv b d. & or thportray - 8 Qr
eiU'l'J inDtJI"'Ianzata &'O ar dlat1Dctly oild:.

utent the te rt a a, b ;1dtJ Ufi.erl. Hwnf!r11 &eC&f:!'U.mg tlH! ,art1il.tLe

b v 6'\ ttt 't 1 1' a pro.tC d b t tbe rl OI"L of Ic .Ws.aance
pa1Dtel"il -co.l'<lle4 a fa1r rep:r"enl'li t.loc ef "ut
vas to ih a : ., ee:rydlobject,
L"k&t 1 depi tbe qu a.\:lau'blll! aceu:ra.cy or *he di 't 1, th relatiw g etrici.l .,rutor\i
aze on : 1 ccrr:nct,. :u: t.h:h 1' ao, v,e ei!Nld. 'b liee whilt w e eoD.c.D"l"Di.Dg body
p t TI latJ le.,th C!P!:ek to 'bod,y l _ :t-elati.w pc111it On!i Cf bidge Uld. acn:md-
bDJle{e) 1 I"PliJ. 81 O( 10\.QldbOle. CiQD'Qfteoly We \II;J'Qld 8QS eoct. detala o! ft'l.Dga-
p po lbly
1 n tJ. nlat!ve e ! .111 of lJUt'IUIIID,._

:ittlic:ltLg Gp. tbJ lllJIJ p;tirem, t'hi per e!Rai ' Df foh !p,PG n.llt TU'.ia'bla
iD. luw .tiBD - , a ti cm ot th tnmdhole z:wlati to tbe 'body. Thi pt.r\i rml
fatllr- ha.IJ 'be.-n otud!red 't!itro.au. e!pd h c.at f,f NI:I 1' :1111 the. ;] ,e po.:l.'t.l'OP5 of
lut.11 are TidaDt in paiAt 6 t fiethe 11 4th C n,t\Lry to t 16th Cutury ud
bee t1111 rela'l:i'Ypoei:\1ou of t cnmdhol iapol:'t&n't u it w-111l:la.ve a jor
inri nee DA tlm b&rri.tB u.rr e_ ot tbe bellT &Pd beJJJcl!!' tfie me o! 110 1D::

1 d. s 1HirliPl!' ot wbt app 1.o 'Da t'M s.'l-ran .ra.nge or ; ol pos1Uou,.

fr
f!tll pai'D t Uilge aDd 1!'11.;,Ta\dlllpl dAtad rrta U' - UDd 1 00 l;o 1650 1 ll'ld W -- !! D f U1P - Qt"l!'
GD ty:wa ta be fCNJld vithi.D tht. ra.mg. 'mu!J ourc.e-r. rr -.Mel'l thllllie b.a" b m
tolle Va -
K KClD ( 401 - .$26)
-' iiJ'Iadanna w Chil.d" tioo.al G le ry1 larul on.

.B. .. el vit!l Lu. te 1

Statano tU caoYGIAi S ae, tta ( 1)52 ... 11 450)
'
Melo so da f'orlt ( 1 e- 1494)
c. "''me Aaau:lcl'n or Pd&Oot ca Yatieana, fi - e.
Cbrlat""

D' ""Oot\c rl of ..l.Daal" Hana U ( 1430 - 11 4 4)

Mue of fine .lrls" An Q,.
E. "Mad;.nna nnd SaiDt " GioYBnn! Bellini ( 4}0 - 1516)
Ae.d a r Fine Arit li v ni.. ..
:r. ' J.ll.J en:')' o:t tlm
111
Hem!Sirlk Cclm.tl ( 558 - 1617)
'Ma on
G. ri '!be S't!TeD @"
(160SI - ''O)
r;t rd 11

Tb reltLw l>O ' l:l!'ll oC PJU1Jd.h_gle t.o b d!:y 1 llYen 'by t'h. l"'Q.tio A/L "he-re l. iti '
l th of t.he 'b :t - A. 1 the 11 i tLou o!t sow:ld.hol! "::!' u ti fr. t 'bortt : C
pi bodyi!IJ "rb1. ilo 111 r --
ll.:taW:J4 o. :3 to 0. 66.
 -

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o
o
F
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(

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1

3
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o o
o
(oS&)
 o

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r,oo

1!.(')- f1Mit. LUE, 10

IW&FtLE (SS lnJ') ll't, )

1)-twa UIIE ,..,.,_, &Y

El>lJNC&I. c.rJDo
(S.. .d:l, Fl&2.)

.......--r----'11""""" ""- .......... - ........... -,__ -

04o OSO OS.S tS

-- -
 l

FlgCtYBa lftt or
'he tl&!':l!.lll and

:r iDal 1 it'i \1 ou.lliiol q 11ft Zl iDn e ( bf - Pftll e

or -.:u. Ji COM'U"ft aundhole IILop&'tl!Dt In Ooll1 ( bt no al. ) or u
J.nltrc.le.DU Tbe "oQda.l'y IJnWdbol U & teatw:w, 4oe llOt &ppear to ft D K
J" ab t 1500.
 Mun,n l.odpt 1a c: ents .D e 176 pranpt cntrllnlw turther te
th diecu..a _QB liD 'b azdl 'brlda _ placsr.er nt 1D earl,,. luloa.

1. t ia iapll d. :ILD (1 176 t the ntl , i'ftn la e . 1 UJii 26 E-.

YEtao.a.a tiJ 8Gh ot . botb ttbe& l!:! ea.t'lo , are refe
to inst'i'Um at b.J rh _ e:t1 hO'Ii'le, tbe br.Lq. p09i tiGD
,p'fd, b:J
belly
li'Atioe i.e ldAntie&l., -rha caDar 't-nctiom here 1 t.bat fdw.
(1. . & ld:t !cree -ta "'i.iPate utw a tb8 "bott.clp ar the b llJ &
tap block) U diridIS iD\a ilht Vi t-b 11'1 1\QS8 UDlft OD tu
l'ihb 'i'h1 is in l vi \b Mon DM ' i. i:ti:l'\l..G Uon. La
"lla:mot111
Un! t:hall 16. It 1be bri lroat. edp thn. ls plm .
tba f'lnrt fl t.hia po _ tton T be de C'ribed ae ll!!i.tlu 1/5
4iw'taace tve a tha n.dl o! the 'Mily .u:d e; c=f.!nt'N (C 1) or /a
tibe cU= blne b h 1 ID _ em of' tbbelly andi bat1 edp oC tbli itop
b1rod (e 128). Tbi bddp positiaD f U! 'H lCNDd. o. tM Lawa:: Mil' "
lq eat 1n lmrg O.muU.acMB Na-tta:nf.lhlus
Me ll'lma gt DI a. ht hu b - fi.Oo:l tl.Oil thu 'tb.is,, ohta.iaad tr'
rllrld..i.l\! "lbat lt t War Juta tnta thre-_ ;md ol.acil\f tM b<upoa t.he
1!11 eonr:t O'b ed 1 11 /5 Gf t.e bellJ le th1 -M lrDulld iD l\L.te.
Q r he 1a 11th en .
Purthe:l' 1nf"omat' cm 1V n by :z'llle 1a th&t 'baq arre &lidedi t.o the
- _, th.izd, f; t.b., ritth. 12:ib 4Dd. nt.n "nw naa 0\a.:l"ta
(bott.all or to:. bloek)1 rQA the isbtb p;Jiri. Ba.:r crosu ll!Cfi!<nla
o-.m otvo lie ( 1/12 O<r 1/ tuch) Wek ud 1/'2 .tnoh d:ee51 {i..re.
al:!cNt O,.A :z: 1,., ,_ ror t1w 111D.i.a 'bG.rra). etJltoT 'b.u-a m '1' h dd.acl blCPt
tbe tl t ban te prove at!W:ld bal.ai:Lc11 &lild be :UU tb the :r4 e ta
ti rE D Uu! billlJ' .La that 1.

2. (e'i'b.e ax'\e:mal. ap .v.am: ot & 1'1te ace: rdifEII tu Hellll'i :m.aul:t da '*oll.e
i.re 450) b- 'fRi loo.'3.t el &t 11 /6 ot tl't. 'bellJ' leagtb.. 'l'h11
havn'er, u 1/6 cr thA lfi.U, . 'M en Vi bottm , !!p ot the ball;J
Ga4 u wp ' o!' tu to.P block ILD4l .l.llclucl a ,thefttore1boat 1M t.I.P
'bloek aa4 a i'h batt 'b-lock (tiw 1 tt.r lPtins a f.atur. thAt do&a
not1 [U" as I are,, D.ppear iA surri.rri.Jia' l.utt).
J:t11 h. rnrr, tn.. Ti.br t.ilrr pa.rt or tu 'Ml.lJ' o.U7 iB c r:nm:Ji.d.end , iB.IId
tldi11 dincled iDto eJ.sM qua]. 1BrD 1 \'na kmm.lt ao t:moti.on , lna
a. ln;i. - poai n t tht l'lnt par;, the roaa ceatr. veJ:T oea.rlJ' at
_ flltb -parl a.n4 11 ot!he "D p ltiau 11t ted bf Menunne ..e,.
on th ee, -tl:ra all4 u irth pa.n.s.. ( sr 1)
Th AJ:nault 1 H t D la '1 be Claa81f1ud Ni Q,D J)l et a lu1:t vl h
lowitlop. ot that deletin of thbottaD block
vault
l x to fl t: -or tru. bcrt-t. t curn o,J' "the l;.elly a. tea.
only fou.nd ia lute protile oC tbo 1St.h c.,nt'llry.

1 Otlld. e tM:t '!le t _ e - M 'b fo:re , -,.t that lov 'b%1 - a

we:t: p t1onl!d. ac.co'l'dJ.DA' t:o a e andard 1:'1l.le 1n e ly lu n - 't 1 ut
illltll eh o vom bu 'Witla1: n .in tud.yiQI' tu icotiiJDBiii.Jiby
'r - wo i: a l t of -p:let tial. eidew: to Pt t t'h1111 1' ture w
ca::unom tn, lurtGtle"ip awr a vide poriod.

cou t::ma.Uau. e
re tu.re 1 of tha
1n tu co t
 '
1
-ii
Q

>
3

-
luJE. &GAD IAOJNCir' .. He..a .&:At eZwOUE
(,. t450
5.

iU'ly :.hi rs uCi'luil t'lllmd" tl'tei:r c a.Pleted.

th 'Cit -apo and ound e,, b7
t'te lly - cJuque -tbat: eaa poll 4 o
_ ft u ed. t.hla 4hn1qrw w11h I!YII!!C.I!t l h
u u et: D Dent of aJ:Jf p mvea.ente vere t!Bt;irely

belliea 'HJ...n
illr:LDI :8 over the yea.ntJ

5., I)UT D't Df t'b8 aw 8r l.u, l -,. C 1

oth&t nl t pliiiCiiQg of tno baa tino bad.r'
ur)f b-1" i loca d a.t t.he wid.et. pGri, rJt tha belly)
.. thOU,gJ. .J..... l'llliiJ' IJ.CI:Iep le t 'CJ t.J.o.nar. t "'a'\ r!i" l'ile to
J.gDJ.nc;an !lf"NI' _ i ta dlff1cul t., on &.:u: ow iAll t'ruOeate"
to
1 DCi).'\e th virl
1
'S 1,;.a.rt or the bellJ vl b ac.w. ilso I feel tna.t i
l. 1!:'8 l. - 1 to la ll) .d!IJ DO:PI Ilt pl snt :to r:mt!!trieal
diyf loas O[ tbG belly 1 t.h. " thG't'BrON, Bll,@f a\ -b_e. f llCNi.n
e.o ttu.cta.on..C &t 9lte_ nly- to tM i!.r/rnd rarnn)
Th rtbr tinl' l qrth tb :Uy 1 cUvid d iDto ei.gb.t &qdl parta..
the !' 'J:Onrt. ar bf'idae plaDd en rtnt 3lld tb
ro .mn:tm oD UL ti rtn poll"t.. A l);:,p o r FB i1l!' t:E b a ; j C-'ld "\J1
tM f:U'tb rt.. Th n.s di ter is Jry n!!arli qua.rter ol tt..
iHatanc. b tw 1t11 thB bottm. ot tM bellJ W1d h ceatre ot Uw :rDii'llll (1
e.
,r.:a, . r tl\aD lllD 1 'tl'!'r u.t.e t.ihi Jll r;,_ dL1DU!tsr g :n rally a.llout 1/3
bell-7 wldth t 'lt.M TD ' ).
A 'bU' 1 plel a. 11t'tl b!tlw of t :ros: 4Dd. the
ditrrtance bew an thia bar :m.d gt 11 toba Apactng of
fo:rih.J:" a b B1Jtrrft the ro e. 1Wifi'lr tH!IQ;iOD of thei belly beJlw
t:n. 'bat.taa adp of' tM Ns la Uvid. el iDto !our 11quo.l """',1"1"1111
aA4 'bBJ: pl iM3 d. ou ,be tira t wo paria belov 1:0n.

n 1.'Dg 1D FiB 2 abtrwa thl.s ca , 'tr H oo am he Nufi!mtur RAlsT'

'h-"'1y.
llot8' that t f.tigbtb parl ;x: nd. bcycmd tbr:t lQ\.!i clge f e top
bloa Dl btl:r. l anable \a ermn!Jlm 'th.Ur he'J'!e 'IN,t I llll'euld e;xpe:t to
tW tbat the tcp 'bla in th.l instn.lmt haa b m cut to aorr ct
thJ.3 ap_ ent discl'eDIAC:f" (se PJ.g 41( ) ) I ha notecl 1IWI re-
Malor lu t bad,y bu _ l po\ n.re II!:Y noto Wte t.her "t ,pplle.s
t.o thla pan.t.aular 1.ru1.tru:::l n-t.

lawer
ilrl th
Gv r
:ve lbe HB.
 .._G.L Mt...
-- - ot..ta..,.tt\... t. f-"ATE.t Pe&rno.J
-. - lal.t.1 ... '

'

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-1

UaT& &a..i.Y y Uv,x MAWZ.. Nutv1 ISCHEl 1Jti5EtJM,

On'. t..lo.
M.l54
F,.... - Gr e&..cw a-lJDGrE O..,n..O
f.tM. ti S&t.:r 1'N.iT- 04 , ,.S c..ftll\ . DU.f.
e&u.Y \tnCJOr.l .,o - ., b ""'(AT !lea)
Fc"' 2 .
46

U 'l llldtE. A:61'11o...._, tS (.;OM:JE.<-TuRAL-

l.a , y -n+ U< es '. s IM. . (Al L$E.)
'W IC.... (..ow:) NT O4" 11 . DU( fti'Qo.),
F .
 CuT IOU'T too
TO

--
48

.,
le. .,

sl 5
4 ,A

J

1

Lure. tw y !Jf '-'j(N:s Fi1&J - WAINaCJ< to....,.y M M

' 'Po'.l!ill. oIJ&N t.. &At ('cs,-;nOhl - r.M. N.PrM
1 2.(rr\ I(AMWJ
85JY."' '"'""'IC.It!CN S .. 3 O
1 1
..._ -M .. (AT burro..., of- !lu.y)

't'ho d.ra:wi io Pig ; is yet another e ple' of thia coru txuetton n &
lute by Hans 1 ln the Va.r.ick County Muae\111

oto tn lov brid\ge o ltlon (alth.ough tb8 pre1int bridge la uot origiDal),

No lso that tlw 41 r of the roa ap ot1g1nallJ t o han !'!D

11 r thm lt rwo. i, tha later can-i.tlg 'beine' lees fine n traeery dtAll.
The e ntportien o!thl roee i identicol in patte:n \o \h \ on lute
1a Male r i:n th Pr. e N tional Hu.a e Tho di eter o r the ori,gi.mll roe
bJ
uroporlion&lly thl!' !i I!!J - tho an tha idSt:rumants deacri'bad aboYe.

Traces ot 'ba.rs at the I"'&e alop dovD towa.rds tbe treble aid.e of t. bel ly
<Vld. the rose patt.m. is. altgbtly t11ted. to c. ))ell:i te for thiu as _ try.
B t.racl.nga on t Maler belly slope iD a llJI 11 fashion.

I vouldl , tho:refore, sup oort the 'rtev tha.t, tho"S'h t r c:t, th.i e bolly
ia or inaJ..
-----------------------------------------

4fl

1. Vfil1st en tbe Gubjeet of top blocks, it 1 oplPlon

that ok
t.o top block jci:Dt le. H'!ler aXI. F'rlei imrtnment
orlgi.ually i&.l..-o::t
rpeDticUIU' to !lng boa:ll:d. ('l'b.ls
:ni. b aeen n UV
pniaf.1.ngs o! luts oi t.he pertod) . ThJ.s fe tuze 1Ki
1tai.Od le.te:r odi- rioation of the:re ins enta
to te wide:r ll!eka - c.t joJ.nt Bll8le vu
iP.tle"eased "io a.chi t :requir, nac:lc: 'Clt'h
vi't'hcm't fee:t p:th o_t thB ne .
r(Saa _ i,g 4(b) )..
ln dAu;eribt..n.! IIOdif'lca.ti to e 1 t .nts in
e 12'8 I r: el J.n
nso;-rospeet tbat th1 poiDt; r :aot hA be 011 el ar
eru:nwft..

Fo mm Comm.. 197

Urll111'18 d, ee_p holei!J CJaci . :ron

cont lmpar nt

chnique o
r
.1 \f.t: llloPfPIIlr
t.ly Sl. plP prDC. .& cj DT' ll:utg
t.ale lliCI :n h:rou.. t11 e: en t:re e!u. 11 t:o en 1111
u _ lly ae,ne i.n. p.r ep.ru ti on c:r ti& ct'UI D t r
recgr ..: , or n t.h f :ua .-..11 Dpera HH\ fur c.y l,
ina..r.l.c
r JlP.I. Sll&nC Dt;'-'1 d f1U t.

t n lra h 1 " hu;, a uro etJ.ee U..r'f' Oli l hl ::

) .ole Ul.re
ta'lille't {oll"tpiecl:!l ) le ay11 a I"I:!'YCJ . 'V Il th drlll 11 bl ho
di !the drl
6 el4y
4
ed. rovol v or1tp1 ee. l.f u.. 1 't . i 1pp d
tb '1t:b
} Dr' J& echuc E, it. l. ort. .n o;r U l;hUOI""Ward O
apin \'
r t!' CI!!, B.llVim(lJ,.D tbe S t.a hDDJIXj' Xl. he li ih l.ti!! 1:1!.lJ.l
s/t(!Cit ,,.

'll t c:li:rill :t
COI!'lDIOD t.w1 t 1 CIU1. h ft tl'lCn :l. 1

f \ Cll't. t.l1
in ood, &nr:l it. p rforra& -.t:-11 on .at.ort lhcl &.
oo4 d. 1Bfi
\o u e rell.ll\bl.1n ve:ry 41 p 1'\0li!! s. !i.S. ..1. t 1 A.(l!i
tO an4er o!l' orl. 1o:r, ea1 1
t.he, rVlll .111 tui,.. 'Ih tw t .rill Dl ili OA 1 Di.CIIdl
d. SU Cil'l'tEi O
l'I!CC1"4 r fool jOiA.'t. t 6llQ i BO \1 B CIC pt
2GIO- 2)O l n.g t.h.. :&. ;}tona t. l fl'n.Stt" \,he .F\1nou\.
e 'b a\1 eh lllG Lo e a. o a. eu r"
fl!E \!or.e n n1t t. ,e reaAe r 't.r liH' t o tc.ll o,
p:roa.u.e.1nd gver1E bo e. To &11o toT &
pol81e runo . biGKer
blll \ is n rl!oe ti 9r'Y & a tt..a 'L Lhe' O'U \6 id l!' && De
tu..r li\J'd e onc:e.n \ri ;; t.h tt
ou -ot l bore f h oo4 ifid b tch 1 lar ,tte
co t of he
Ur1c.lnl" bll l eU!i cll.fl be e1gnlJl.c.&n. lf Hl pllo1. ol
can b d.rlled
rel usbl,)! t.'tl"o1gh t d.OIJIII't thl!' r vol vi flB i or 'ti'.c' l
le , \h :. . l r
le croo - ction y b u d
lA' \ 4D6t ce.

f.1a y out: ra. a.na Coc:'J)lJ't:<a 'tfd ir 1!: - n a.rl..l.l ha.ve

varu;
1st dr.lll e fcr p hl :ol L.y i!!XJJfi!!fl.llll\C e 111 u.y
u
U.ey .a;r .a;cre fllC CU't le th n t 1.st r!,rJ:lls fi.l.,d 1 a acc
rat. l.tlb.n
ot... OJ't1ls.. Cu& drills IU' IIO I"I:IH. _ l) Lhlii:!'O 1n eon
1Lnr:tu.or1 ib HU1if1.)
Qjr to el r tt cu t n,, nd ttoea:ru ee4
ln aBtrially
11. .ng m 'f.'"1 , h ). D.:r d rfi C't "" c.t
t C:
:.n h l.e r. re
, X}. nsi ve t u bu ,y. Ou,n Q,;ri 1 "' 01'1'<

i1l lha...rd_.o as
.a . rs. wr.en oT.:<.H l,, t;J L:;r - . 11111 1:'0

';, t. e Q11o"' .n " 1a

u u e" ., a :r i \. elsn1 - e- h. Gt
wor s ln u :fie o t. a. r.ac,;; aa',\;
aae hl t:'i':ts.j ,;. r
Lr'ti r.:r ir. s'toi'\'E-. 'U, re i i;: ; - \'1. s &.e _ ru t.e
O.r : ..:.cu
ar.'..l. tn.... rtd' 6iJ\ la ' r:l" l "J El.lfll ::-u.
d,rl la, u.h
so
pl ,. 1n 'UH hn1. u 10an be $ L
IU"
ta 17 e a.JLa.m tli!. r w 1 ttt a [' 24lOu 1. o
rnl
e 1 11 of the ar 11 u
, Ele re e r- v rnc
":'1a e1obrau ...b 11.nd ll n Fhtcll .&:i t d. e cr b a \: t= m to
ao un4 1 a ea pli nQ e5in lth succ
ta 1'l - .. .l r:; c&.n !le; e.p:re ca 'l. t.i". t
clp chunt r . "liHl a 41 t@r u.ac.. .t
t 1 s a 1 !ic \ aoar:n 7
!!11.nc cc,u cy 1 ., rtls a . l!.Ut.!.tH ;ou .
.. e'" ra<tu of ai tur to t , . ... t ..&.'t .. or e:
alsD "IDT''i:S. ell in rec. r.e DQ l" n r ,.

l '"' ::SQQ L,;,OillllC.u h;

'ri", nd oi if.h
As t1r9't
loPg trtst ul
rCQ . th a. nall
U. t.IOI.ll. '51
rQLIIlHl fi;f'Qrlo
b.O!fi. llio lJcfUl
di
t"
n N l. 'tt rrch 1!!
nct a \t.;C
lod
O Ho.!
11 p.,
\lU e r re un di to b;a.. t u.t . tb
I'C!IO rd eu \
IIJ t r...r e ...
tlo5
hn.n
.s on 1n
,' rE 7,

tl d.r1ll iil cut baut O.lml!li l r"' r ill Q ita at o; lj,&D tel".
wt1 at 5 tt &1 }6 noh l ngth o! 1 4ri l lGer n er
bHh i.a av.a able 1n &n) I!J.tl!l.r.ft,,rd aiz B :re 1'\ a tr l6h't .n CCl.l.ra.l.
to .001 cb of it neo 11 Drtl Q !roD r 6h r en
S\e l a. e 11 b ha.ru n d ttJw r

lf a :ll lJJS 'the

m 'C r1 1 h1 'b re.mc.v1 d.
'tG III.COIJ. Sl.X d.i
r J until ru1
:1' 1 ph t.J.r O th B 1' lnct.g, tO.D.t!l 1.g C reD Gil lo Di;!
t.
iguve 8) m ing n L1n l hua
pb e r !:' lt ...'Hn l. t e n:re e: D-1:rJ. e .1 e F r t re ann hen he
tunH. lp oC ;he a.r1 l. ueneh n
I"CG. "n:..t. S t! COi! by ba lng t.J.e rca.
(r 6 5) ba ewoivin, 1 bucana
slowly. o a euta y.
r1li r t e a
.encrn.. u. t: 1
vertu a1ly 1n

col ured owta s t er

d 3tr w(bro n), n
 1n 0.1' 1. liiU,'t
qt,ham:;.h
a..n. .tlle o 111
r h.Q t
tll" i.G ACilll
olle lo 1n. it to
). \.i1 l!llle r.r el o
a"
11'1 a tt
tr:.l!rol!l. t'.o t.eh
1, 11" t l ti t s t raw 1
7h co rs l l1c t
(llo } r che .cuL ln
f'cu Id, dLl' bea.h ..n.-:..y lJ
Sll

CU'TTI!t.l' ..W'LE 11
'S t'MP'(IC, (a) ntl" TCu5
' -

ou leo t.t e c:"U'ttin <ea. e ag touch l! t U> atSB.itL tU U'. the t!!!;r1na. st.cme
n hoQ t top Iace.

1he drtll i no re f te c t oo=.e Qrill tip lB not t bl

ch::ained to start t.ole w.t:t.out. wQbbleo., u: eh i'L > rl.e;lal;y
t.h
fiUt .or t. d. r..h, be l" ean be s t ; .:rleo. u l!il.nJ b 't :&t c.l"tl Q in 1n
bau,t bo d..laDete.r:s 11 O.t' .ll! Jc uwinil!i ... t-up can. o us at

roceli r
tr ar th' wood b1 let b1 urnl it fto u cy ndr. e& ure e
d. a:De teIr' Q f th Hll e t. a40 uf:l.l( D WOOcl 111..Se b e>.a:t.ee Q k.lr.e ter
V1Ot. th<
an bout 2 elong Dril tb le ccur tely to tt &De iam t.er
na the len dirlll. ake t.wo 11100d. bu .t. ltlor a. t.c 11 t lhd.r1ll .
Et.move tt.e lb.arrel :rco.1 th le..e t ilst v e,k. an.cl Il 't. une lbu.ah into
u.er ertd or the tu.il tO CJt boQ3. Sll<l.e tile lo drill tbJ'DU!;fl each
of li;.ese two bushes (fi ure lO) . , u t.l.1 'tctl.lat.ccK. i.n corr ct.
al ign:m nt, 'Lt 1:!' drill ill no" be ccur l: l.y l let on 'Lt e ax115 of
111
rCJIL&ilon e.nd. t.h oUlf'"l muc:ot .u c:"' e ned te r e volv o.n U.a
&:d.a t:tlll!! ,tported in t.h tf.:r -;oint Bt &i;l,)". -I'o Q.O tJlis, cli U
hra t en t:umeQ' wotHi di. e on \o lt.e cu111.. E.xtnli the illl'll.l fully
hQ t.he t 11atock ,.hll etill held by tl':.u t a b 1.,r.es .an<il ri
t.f,ll" end a.r:i11 i.n l,he 't.k:r ee J&. chucll(; .A t U ' 6 15 ta.,e 'L i e hE!at to
havP u.eofd.r1ll
tt.
b3C:K-II.o-front. ao t.}.(].t U.{! uncut ,nd. 1s r.. la.
52

l!J

.n th f;:r.uek . Mou.n.t the t ree poHH sh bllJ o.n H.e la t.l..; 011d., "ceti on.:u
here :.,t w1ll ventu lly Buppor t tf. l'na. o ti.'-' .uJo tn l h:t . r1nt>
tt. 1111 00d. case !o the t.hre ::o'l.nt. st a.CL;, ncl dl .. us t tr. tc" ro; ,nt,s, s o t.i...... t
bey s cur ly hol(J. the d.isc sroun 1te ;,.E:r-:t:.r.l!'rJ. ln ..t.t!..,ll' u& !ti
a .-er&tu:;nl!l! t.h long d.ri ll t.r OL" ::n u ti e s 1.1.0 a 1 ni:llt!'ll. t. 1;1 ll.ll':: l o
f'lt.IJU zoe ti:.&. t tf.:e chu.c 1 t" "" e IJ:O l H 't 9 te u.ay t AH1 tal .:J tOCIC I:U' 1 r,m
 53

W- 'i'-
Uu o fiJ.:d s, and th t. a.CLy lh&5 bt:lcn u.jua\. lli too f.i t tJ e lon. wooi
'bi lle 't,.

f\' m o ti:.e lons dri 11. (J,pen 1. e iu.nseG. :a.- ; g f tt.e a t.e&o, J'l.P tt.
oaa billet i tke huc and claa tt at Y OVdr thbt le. h
be 111 &nd t neiO oil gn the ood. te lu'bria.at 1t. flt li.r tt-. r to )' ..
S 1 e 1.Jr1.e dril 1n1.o 'lh t. ll \oc bu tJ s lth t 1 cuU. ng nd
1ac1n f,orwa.rcl . Ciri p the otber er.;l i \h ..viell!! i:l"i pB" ar acune a1.n t.a.ble-
ou. ot \t. t \.t:r. 1.;,pe of c:.ro&!i....b r t.oulr;l lle 1om nou t.c;
11Uii't. th lh. b el 8.D d lUH 6 1n f re 111..)', Bihaul l t.h e dr
ll
111 t. e wocd 1e t ,. '"''} n u sea t.o t o ld dr:: ..lla o1" -re e:r !i 1 ehcr:r t
a ... bara are highly dla.ns;erows, and toulc. ne.. r be u ed &.in.ce \h
ap.LII. :r cl,y :1! tb toa j .. ttli 1flil 1 i y r C'll i:ul.tfii.!ra .

j rillin apeea araoot bOO r

!ar 12 Uia. lf onl a h1sh &p eoQ
JI e c. :reD clnca r.. ter ha( L tD EL _ t.w JI e
c:J.n11 ar r a.t \aa Jusr. a ; p t be
!ha din u. bJ.ll , t in, y hana u. :re
A pop r y mactl rG&&mo:r o n r o.l to r co::r r l.CL
ter 1'1. ,pli!i! 1P s.bou t. t.t.o m:J.n t a. w 1.1.t ou t st.e:.-d n
111

e _ ""' 'Lh t. 11B toek: cl!Ol:l.J. d. abou t 1C ce roe . 1.11. .re ol v-

la let. F ed te dr 1 lnto tte or
1 p1 e ent y t 11r 1.,by
halcin- t.h@l 'Ylca- r p i cton d to th :rul of th cirlll. nd Jr
.llsl:.l,.,n
. or1!all'du,. Cnee tr. fu!l d.iau t' r :hole llEit.s oee11 e\a'bl1,&b. a., tt.eo ; :r1ll
a n bt' pu haa t.Brd.1er o d.ri lin :t :1ll f ro1eeedl a o o :r. ":1 'IU'1t.:l.. _ t oo
d.lpe Q.o.a..Jlet,el ltll tbe av .l ble spuck!' 't Uu.! cir 1 pc.in.\.
M:e O'-' tt..e drill an lloil th ct:.i. l.o al ar. lt !H tbe aptrn.lion
nt1l \rbi lt h& bE n co letel ri l ia a ooa
lubr1. e't. lo ll.J.-lY \o t.he drlll.

in. :aome U'l&lr..nr:es,, 1t /aK}/ 11tll. be OY:Bl blt! to ,PU 1 out tlh woocll
eiLtps. 1't lJu arll .. 't e , ea.l' the ho e e pec:i 1) 111 V1el")l O,t:t'l
dr lliL . Two oeil t ns are shon o
}rovid a hBstup at
Lb E!' 1:1 ;r ill _roin t h ic.h t. e ; ll pu 11 '1.he clku.s ou t,'lill th l11
h ti -r, t.er the cta p!! f&r ;HlCr>il , UJe b t. 'l. " ti-j t- rae on 5"'

lf U. ctrlll del" JJOt. u1; asil,r ud LllCIL l ,Y , :tt .a tUlll. '1a"'e b ;:-.,11
roune1 1 u. liOUCh elP T ncet !lo \ , " o;, ;.fl.rt D't. er tt..... t i cut\1.n
e o 6 :ru L b;i rJ< - .W.t. 1n s t t r.e t: ou .e ,l. e.e: 1o:r th1 J.... n t. 1.i.
e:na of tr.d.r1. 1 U: te" r tUd!' t r. -onl al ., cr o '11Jl.V .h:!ol
K
fi&
..
 /

@)

'tr'toJI.';te.f ut s"t
h. .... ,l.v..-

FoMltlD Comm., 198

Ri cha.rd ShADA

l ftarvgod btbe jackpot the 1asi8eue vith hiD note ou uto

eoundbo hae.In thi comm I want o amp1ithe ida a
littl
e well. B8 to demol.iab "''17 l.Arl't'.ly tba :raaaon:!.n tba.t 1ea.d. IAD to
i"t Bu't fi:rat .I thoul.d s that thiB pro' m i al.tBo sba:r-. d by barp....
i rd makers oy tbe 18tn cDtury English harpeioboB d
VIIU"Diebed s.oWld boa.rd e (1 DldJ,e:t-Ot notw.i.tbetamling) tb.a .reat I!IZ4' o'bvi
ou8lY 18&Led 1 aDd it odda on ii the Bamo fsh aD th Lutea.
On the eubject o:f' th col.our o:t thc fi-ni. h and qi::as BJeeing 1 I 'WOOt
to argue tbt tho colour of Iaa 1 Q tiQiah i8 mo9t1y du to th
1i.mJeed oU 1 aad tba"'t on ..p:-q a ei.n5 the l:inueed oil. a.nd -perhape
h& ec whit w l d kon mo than th othe e& yo1k.(Th
cAtch i 1a th.at. the yol.k is an emu1flion, rmd he11c quite op&q,ue;: the
a uBl amount opi entatiou wh&h it comeso paintins it og
,a om 't'hi.nB i pr t 'ty De e gitue ) .. L:T mB-in a.oUl:'e - o, f' inl'orm..u.t
ioJ!1 ie 1

.Roibert t-1as y 'book 1 1\rt ia'ta Materi. o.nd . thod 1 ( 1} ,. Thi 1

mueh mo_ up to dato and ociati 1o/oeholarly th Doernr Rie
eoncluoion in th t tbc fino rt o k of th tempPr eriod ( h t
ie up to Bottiee1li)was done u&ine ur - yolk aa th mdium,
. '
othor rneci . DC:1R C::OJ.'li ici' rt!d t'!lri l". C ft.ni.J:I.O C IUIJ.iU l2J
d criba pu_a< e, e yolJc 1 univ roa.l mediUID &od eoDtiAulJ:y
ref"ere to i't, hi.l. iu h.ia btrief' trea me.,'t. o' _ wboll! e ,. medi\1111
( -.ea.ten 'toa ther vi"th cllpp:ln f'rom tS. e ebootD) he tail.e to
o 1on &peeial pro erti o Jow th poiDt
ld rstan4 t t " b a ee &mjler
:pB.J.D'Tanca noup old.er aom , ea b7
mllllY cea.t-\1-ri.e t.han th oil ifJ at 111 th follow,nd ;th m S i!l.""
111ra.I.q in be't r eorn:li oD,.. h r 'ttfo :PGtliDO:IUl t;;.th o, on
:i
ha't t.b oJ.l :La egg :?'Ol.k do a no''t do.rk n near17 mueb v:itb e
do u llnoteec oi..l 1 pnr be o'tber .:1. - .i: po'lymarJ.oea to
ucb ar-d:t"" JU..n:t ti . Wb D ltif l. a e tb.e clomain cf ptdn.t;a.ll tor -t'ha:t
o't wocd :t:tni!l!hin. ot:her facto'l' co11e8 in11 llA.III l,y be darken:ins of'
the 'liiOOd, ,..-lU,ch llil qu..i't &Tk d' even t.e:r y o.r o:r t o . Witb
tbi in miad aDotb r pe.s 1.blre ll!loUfld'bo fl. :fi.n111!Jh mi t
b

1 eas yoUc
el\lu.B.l t,ua attiy of wat zo
t1.11

.Pees 'b ,101k rrom pal.m o po.l.m vipin t:r',ac:es ol es.aeea b:S.'t 'fro
tb& t o bAad ua i1 tho o1k 1& re ol wbit .( bis m hod c
=eB
via J!laae, y t,rom Bct , e '1.7 uource; J'OU b.V. to k ep ou.l:' p e _
't
or. tbeo yolk breakEh) Then hoJA.in the JrOl.k betv e.n thumb o.:rld ti:re:t
fiDerpunctur i at th battom to d in the olk ,
throBway
the e e,. Ad,d th wa ll!r. I hav@.tn1"t 'H"i.e tbie ( yt>'t) e e.:r
irrlsh
bu't !rOm IIW ... ea.cnt wi tb t; as D _pe.i.at ed :S.um, .i muy e nece
,ete-
y ta a.do;t ama.11 ba-tchin at:rok o to IBl't An i!!t'l"en. :fin.3.eb. 1' rbap1B
tb o impor't.tl't: poi.Dt ro.,- tbe' modern mak :p i be
bardea.iD
-t. e b.:t w"'ll dry in co:nchJ,, 'Dut 1 t 1111 eo ao A't f'Lret
th _
turther bl"'!eh a ktt i aui'fici,cnt -t.e -pick iup) t'o
eomftb1nre
a_s xpooed ss: e l.u: e bell.v woul.d ete tha't aome month hansi.Dr.
i.fl the \l,ll!; i.nl! woul.d 'De de ir'bl p rhapa ev y, ar aep - nrl'
inb'
on the deere of ac:ra:'t b ree ee reQUl.rad. Tbia t'i.nic. 'ic
p1."el,y
aculat ve, but wou1d o rtDinl3 occot or t _ iara aumb
r of lu e L&U=t 1
Mal.er h l.D. tock .Harp,icho:rd e ier th
t r pe e ; "9' dono 'temper }:lo:.i:Dt:Ln ll - 1-h 'ib.i!f!l m liiumt
'tri.&Bi.c.
th na-t.rum nt i.mn:ladi"'tely af" wh:i.c:h b.ae u.!':!':ia d to p ot ct 'th
pa.intwork untU i hardet: ed. ( r t.ried Va.zJ..aa "t.he:t
uo\ID.dbo,&'l"a,ta
poor eft ct, while lan 1
aa1u on e arine m in h
aeu..)
1
Es -li d tOil ' mDyaan :1ue 1
o.u.ch e I.a d cri.bes., m"l havo 't!
Wo
veut '84JJB a.ad ono al!. v t e . I't 1. prcbnbly ae1er to ppl.Jr;
aad W l bardD1nS rpidly first its u1 imate h nee ie
e86
tban h t or pFQl . {som ho1 nawrrom tb ideo o
tinioh
e.o hard yov can ru.b .J. ith tht il cJ ed or s aoin) .. Tbe to
i is deacribad iD J aseey &Dd act.uel,l,y bapp ll'C d to me
SC!!II
a whe,D \lei.a thill!l emule un. a. pai:t '; e l.i 1 wbiJ. r
er
I b.Dd .f :nish a 'tbe pa:ia't v .Pk th etaUJ.sion 1vent vron givinc
ehiey pe-tch 1-..assey &Q.YB hia b.appen a ce. Ul.O nR-11 y OAd ie
no't
eont.rolla.ble:; It baan h ':P.Peu d OID th clen.r ;iin eheo I'v,e b ea
ryi.rli: oi:n ce re ad Is.n 1 E eo:mn.

-O eh th o bjcct eom on k
o "baords. lm curr ntl qkinc d about 1n rme te witb doubl
ir inals ith doub oucdboa d
(,mili 11 6th eea ur,y 1 mi.sh' , 1 blH h vnt com o aonolua on
abot whath y be for.
( 1 ) laJ. eh d ticn. I bBVeQ-t t
'to tumdl 'bu. i:t eafl b oopy qui e orl)Ubl.l.c i bre.ri.1!i.
( 2} 1. 1n he n em Ucndboak' by VBnieY Thoo aan Jr
d b,v Dov:er
 56
FoMRm Cnuu. 199
MERSENNE , NT MSTED - ewnt-e1"'-cal'p lto C mm 1 '

We b:ust the q,Ualll}i o ilerennee e-pe.rimentrll lecbnJque d or b1 111e;panmg

w'ba he ab en,. Hte thl!ory W1UI aomethnes W'l'on We u Wllly cn teU abe
dUter etw e11 die uUD bara wJUal'l come om lliB eory -an.d ff\Dlll observal.llou.
ltubb rd c.o,mplaJ.Ded abou1: ealc lon11 lrom a. Wl",ocg th my. e are acmcenlltore
tb dbeerva.t:lon5. U Mememt wu ahe.ated by bia gol<lamltb 1u e UI'Um ed ad CTY
uem.e lO qt') dd l!feeta tbc reUall:tU rO bS da\a only m.sofu 1J1 we n_f!ed to
1

clepeftd cm bls ,,tacompoaLt10118 to lnle:rpnt them.. We b leve- that be: praba'b

eh _ .led Gil U 1Uver
What Cacolla ''th r p lem 'Wllll Menean a melaJ .8\Tln da ta Ulat
wh a. o.n rnlmda _ the d ty of th tYing ma rlal fr-om h 11 valu !1 af dla.m lerrti
lengtb aftd lg}lt- 1of piU:tlcular ltriDR t the dnaittell De apparently n too lp.
41'
TIU ' lem11 feclle (ereeDDe'rs lerm,B Bt.rellgtb data only lO the extn\ that m
iJ& th Un atrlDg dJameter. m&)' b iLD error. As e il.')' 'polo UUJ, lbere [lAiJ rqueauen
a.bout th length o( MeraeM ''11!,oot., Tb&' 12 lneb = 1lHl aad 11 U Lacb l
tB1:
Lndlcated b'Me ennon P.51 '(Cbapmu' tl"a laUcn) wb re ll1t.t-e1 tbat lfoor 1D
1

lllcbic - !G lines"' K id1 ,of the er110-r 1m Me:ree.nn ' mea:au.'l'em mt of t:lle
dlame\eT 1 U ahuuld ha.ve been ll blo;-er 'thrm. reporled,. resul.Uq ln lile Len&!l
tt-e.lllfI melllated rrom th t.a be.l'n 40i blgh!'!' Lban prevLouly t.hao iM. 1:'blli 11
blstd Wlly aluce the tenalte llrenGths ctalmdated from the Jl/6th Une- et;ring diaDJr
lr -..omt.b -.n,d e ' 1fliflr th e +1 } 01'1' Uo:a m d IJun eL r U'QD llf
Smce Carry" po al ia lllat Mersenne we incDmpel.emal nd .._tbi lent11lle ul:re,ngtb data
IJU'"r 1IG w bl! ttuat d 1 ca-,., mu ;t lhen 'be sumin U.t 1.h en'ICJr ln etrlng, djamell!l' ud
LD bre:lklllg load omehow croTiD nsate.d t:o giv aon ble thm flb .unreli 'bl
te de ab'enlt)ul.
ThDthor 1P01J Bl'brl smree'8 or e:rTOT In llhe den!rity colctt\JIUon o.rre tb ta'lr,ng ill'
llmd the e\l' Jlg leoth. Meraenn a w lgbma teebnlque wu ' pr tty good Bine r he goL
lt'easonably pod densUle b welgbitn In mut out or waler., Tb.e.r - ts uo l.'ea&o:n lo
qu Uoabow wcll b , o1dd readl ruler..
What lte b"lwaye INWD di . hen "feadtng lbe pa g,e In quel!lltl!On rdmt tb
tr n 1 'lilU abow 3{ ! loBger dum th d.latanc: b tw nn 1Lbe 'two brldges, and tba\
di pnlc - r lengtb eraenn menUoned. tbe da e batwed Pie o brJd ''"
Hta r ment at lbt point m thc b..m wns tbau. 'b vter mlf!'taJia ive d eper sounu..
He Ustt!d Blrblg l! gbte1 and pUchera !orr eom rieon 1 d
dooumen!.d athe:r more oaly
110 bo \ tbey 'tvete cun&U.nt Theae eon '!ant fiiDLo:ra wer>e! alring dlamete:r. loudln
w lgll, tota}ltmgth aJ tr (mt the Bll'IIDg'e w ghl rebites lo) and the dlJIIla.e
betw1eell tite two brld "' e. efteMe ave aH of U.e11e pllnUD f!rB rpt for one r 'I!Jie
\e'h&. Slftc,e en WILii conce:med wUh rcompll.I'3'Uve p.1c.che.s lD Ibis I!MtUrm. we
would cOllllld r that tbh Dglh blrl.Dg 'lhle.nch belween t.he two br"hllgee o.UI,d p.t!l'lnrpSI
be aJOTe Uxey. TbEa, ebo oe makes .oooe of ' en enn 'o dala hu ena atent 'l!fitll auy al
lba D'th r data or wlth mod m dilta. Tber reai'Y dOesn1 nrt"ed to be a prolJlem lh
lera en_ne' d.ata at &111.,
T r: '1 nt:v nhclri!IIB, pr 1 m lth Ca.ry'a undef'l.lar.ld ng of a'tl'ilig phy lo
W.ce he wrttes tbail e.I'SeM ' Q.1.1 e e of IP...DSUe 5\.r nglhs f:Ontrad cta bie B'l'qUe-Po.:
or blgbea.l plt.ebes Coc dlflere11t m lals. fl ahoold h v b n 1. re Llml the hiBh t
pUob ll:or a m terLal 41 pend , p, d1 ratio a.l lb t: n i1 tt\ ngt:b kt d DBJ.t ancllri.C\ just
1

lbe tens 111rength o.!oo llnd' U turna oull. n ln { l Mel'tl nne pr '"' rl 'bl.. Tbe
prao1 , JJJ our l5r7 GSJ per 01 boL t 1 ,pJ e anll1 orf Wl 'fJl r p.w U erl!. ll
rC ey C! a et lt Wl'\0 olb ra m rgbl lao. IIJ., 1\ ma.y IJ &rtlllh apac:l
tlblc en eane"'l data u glvaa by Cary, wrge,t:-

Ma&el"'lll Tm /f f Tu:
Gold Z3 171 1.8
SB\I'er .23 llGi 2.2.
'lroa 11 1
Ji 2.5
CGpper t 8! ,2.2,
:SJ'PS 18! Bl 1.2
Stnee A m eonala.Dl1Tm/f . pmf!Ort OIW to Sm,/f and ao lbe order or
materlala a.ccorilq' lo bl heat pJtb hould loUotbele value.a.. Thus trom tunea
Uu bJ1hut and 1olUl.e lowe:sl IILJ1d 'theo otbere about lbe eame tu betwee111. ThLs cDrrespa -
wltb Meneaae''a aenat\ons eJR:ept Olat he in.elvded allvel" w1tb go!d tun\gg lower
tbaD lbraaa, whl!le thts aal ulU.oa gv, e ,,n er abQUt ettua111rith bru In our Strtnp
Clllculal.or Raqe Gutde we place sdver 8lighdy hllltcr tha.n bra&8 1 reaultmg from
CiJV,r use o.l mmdem valuee for derulity.
In lplte of bJ beblg mare qu&ITetlomc. we tallut rthe ,B&ID,e aktrtu:de tawai'd!l Clli:'J
u tVe do rds .Meraen:ne. Tbougb :bis theory la l!llomet-lmes aba!ky. we UUBt, bla
expe:vlmJea1al obaerw.Uons. a.nd thee ve:ry welc0111e addlUODII to ou,r body Jo[
Jmowl ge om 1trtng t.ec ology. They a eeDlo Dbllenge ereeanr o'aly ID tbe
camp,anUve tenaUe atrf!ntiul of n:d brasa and yellow brasa. D ld Jlublo tell ua dlmt
LD preUmtnaey iltudy an , rly meta,str _ogs doue for hbn, al Ha..rw n. tbey femui
JjuJapbo-raue, u u lmpurlLY.. lt & thu poss ble that the r hraes strJDita Mcn
enn tne:uW'Ied mlpl hav had a
plloaph,ro; acbronze type of comUloa IUld C ry 1
dl'dD t
Vt' the pb01pboroua impurUy... We need lf!ore eampl a f111om d'vene dy ouree.s
to be analyaed cbemieally aad mec!Wlh:ally"
Tbe tcnsllah'ength data laclud.ed tn our Kan :e Ci:ulde Ja oDly thal(!veD tu OUT
GSJ U"li.cle., moat of wblcis b ed cm Menennc's mcaa ementa
W1e &re tllteTe ted ln lbe 8GUDd8 tha.t liSlefieT& ear<d lD MeiNI:eDne' EiiD llhd
not. lll!IW lar \\fe can. ruMV' puab l:h lDJL :rJo.Je he lmd. ,evcn WJID tee!hnology of bis day.
Ca.ry started wub &be tbickeat wke he could 1et ud topped t t11 amaUeat boll! LD
lil& 11le. ELrJy stritl,g m ers would nave atopped t tbe appropTtae dlameter tor
tb1t atrtng unan wtrwnenti. . md d[d ool nece.saar1ly atrlve lor m:a:xbnum leqLl
strebgtb. Tb.ey m gbt lbave atwd\y \'olded blgbly dn Ml"f: bee u e of briW!!mese
wb ch could m.ake breabge o.t. knollll a.nd 'bend& mM Ukdy.
We would apprecrllll!e mt re. tensU1e ll'el!lg1h meastu:emenlS en tb.e rly whe
Caey hu at hls d apoaml, bullla,y,r no ldra aboul wheter hLs redmwtng of lbt wlr
has &ll,Y blslorlc L l'e ev nc otherr than that thl c:ould baY1e !leen don@ then U" lbey
wanted to ud thought of U.
SS Fo liRBl C IDID..2,00

G PINS..
JOBI BARNES.
I mak. t'un1e& p1Ds . ro mild ateel red of J.2, ).9 end
4.7mm diam&ter 1 cropp na tb rod. to en gtb tb BD iDeqen.e11'E-
1rt CLittUlie tool 1.1 ed for outdoor wor oD feacea (.Becord
915).. !b. rod :fee4 , tb.roagb DdiP :1t cnm 'Weigbt e'.-ei'J time
a ble.alr ia r mov el b:J tbe ebeu ena 1be bla.Dks ,dr:op i.ato
a box:,

These blanke ar ounted

oce by one in tbe mandrel
1llustrated BDd loeked ith tbe
set erew.. Tbe looknt ud arm
used witb tbe se aerew
ara Bl'rac.,ged so that
eentrif'U oree teAds to ti
h1_b the
aetscre . TDe mandrel has two
ens dr111 d for dlffereat
di et re o:l tuning pta. aad tbe
ead aot, iD u. e has dumm.J
tqn1Dg pin 1tb a block of wooa
attaob d to aet s ,a f beel.
Tb l:leuiua ho1ea 1D tbe frame
t the two sizes or piD.

e fr&me ie ma4 trom

3 x lJ mild ateel (aleo us d
or the lockiag arms)
acrewed to a block of wood
hiah cae bfi
beld 1a a v1ce, an tbe
maadrel is made rrom l]mm o
nd or
e::u e.re mil.d ateel lOOmm lO!lB.
Tbc dutuDing pin iB
bBJnmered 1:hrol.igb
100 xtbe be:el
b1ack
410:na1) (e.g. 1 lOO .x
so that ita flattened part ie
embedd d.

Tbe protnld part o:!' tbe pu

blaDk 1a at"ta.cked
tuD l\8
" ttl tbe fU &nd tbtl.ywh el. sbould _ ow 1: to apin, b\lt
rovid rcta ional. nertia euftieient for the file to bite
cg thc le.nk C\l't 1 t. The fU1n,g abcnald
bf! done at bout 60 to tbe an - and to1P is tb tip of
the' bl.enk. Tt'ben th end l.S correciil,y
_1iaperea 1't e e. good pl.m to roheo tbe blB.Dk sligbt
_7 aa fpr aa tbe b ar ns of tbe f e. otberwi tbe m1ld
teel roa itoo ooth Bnd tbe ir tec6to sliJ as
t l. beiog ou:ad on, problern wb1cb !id not a!"iae in tb
17tb ano l th centuria

' en & otoh o:! olDke bae beed :!.Uf!di tbe meJJdrel ce.n
bt:remo,.::c . ..ro121 the .frc and usecl se c:ocveru.ent bw:uile te
bold eeoh blank n turn, tbie e grippiDL tbe filed od
W to hset C -. O that h Unf _le end CBD b fi&ttened
col.d n"tb e. hammer e.nei a.n 2h lbs or gm 1s e sultable
ei b !ortbe h r. Th resl rou b top e _ge sbould
be round or iled.
 S

Si.rt7 tun.iDg pin can be cut, hammel" 4 enci arouua in

abot. t aev,eov millu.'tee..

!UNING Pm DIMERS!ORS

Ruc:kerl63B 4ft ,46).6 4- 2. 15 9 1.9

" 11 8ft 55 j.8 4. 2.4 16 lO 2.2
..
Tas t ia 17 80 4tt.. 51 ).7 s.o 1.9 13
B:tt 53 4.. 0 s.o 2.4 16
Don clavicbor i.Ruasell 33 3.3 4..4 1.8 7 2., J 1.7
Basa clav1e ord Bussell
treble 4.4 2,J
l'' 4.9 12
" aidclle 49 39 2.
12 5 2.6
11
b&818 4.J 5.4 2.612
Hubert 1184 cJ6 ),6 lO
4.0 2-0 1

Mokeo cl1SO f ,6 12
'51 4.4 5.6, 2.) J.. 8,
Greori 17 2) 6 44 4,.7 5.5 2.7 15 9 3-7
Stw di 1761 ft; (pa.inted
black) 57 4.4 )., 9* 2.7 13 17 2.0
11 " 8ft " 1
62 4.7 ),9* 2.8
22 2<> 2.0
abouldes are chamf red

IOJIIBI ca - aloatioa a
201
L. &. lateY
P"'l.n
Ar1lt1oid 1Yog !!!.....!!:2! ,
!ate 5 1 o,f coapla (frota a oh abr)' ami Id ritli 1,5 le
of
bo:u; ( .lv.1.ef 1ll 1,2 l ot t:r). 111 whole lliz l put 1D a
'l"eolpJ.
D\t onr a l,o tin ap to lt 11 parat el iD tiro pan
llqut. te
llte ami &D.O'Uter l:lke pJ.. .D1eoa the llq\1.1aa4 d4 u tll
pl a 41lut1on ot 500 or ooppe'r or 1rcm nlpu:te iD 1,5 1
''r lf i tld a41titOD, t1teft .t11 be a tu.rib.er P 1:1o ot t
p1 1m a liqul4 pan u4
tb 11Cl1'11 o" oliti:tiel! p 1. Diaa:K apia.
OOG.p:NII10D Of' filtl"a,10fl. 'Di na.l.l proda_ot 'ri.ll be b.lte, bcau
1\ 1 11 tomd, baloalb, bJ: U.e ldlt oa t a_. e t'1D.al pi'Od.ua't al:lo
a
ibe pn... d 1.b apn:opriat aould.i lt 'OCOI"DI' lb un, ad
olld.1fidl
1 Ofta aot ftlltort.
lo-. - I, IQ'II U:t, 4 aot \rt. r t thJ. prooe I tcnmcl 1d a
bo -io
n. 1 all b. aot NII)ODaibl
tor th nnl t.
dited 1D th pre-pl
J.D.JWQ 1 11 will be a.o todo. 1'1.17 e11b :r ho'
ez::pe
rt..nt thi nolp '11111 be o klll to cOIDu.aiaa'P tb re nl t
?
 60

FoMRIU Com.m. 200.

lnvnto:ry of theorkshoo of'l:rrt!.o :it' j UJCUEr:l , borr.. icn K:rak,

in 1548,dead in Krakin 1599.the 9 Jonunrv.

rans1tion:Pierre DUCt

A blaok box 1n hicb are he follownc thinas

-24 swiss- ie/niszcz ek sznjcrskich/ of difreot
-4 b1s 11s:s ni'1)1es ut toF.e thr 1 ll'..,."
-J shawms /szalamo.iet/ a.nd a fourth on'e 1 "t t l.,
-I big gaur;e or tea=nu"e -tor llute cornett /muty/ in yf!w wood
and 2 othem .similarly,f ,or s iso-pi-rpes.
-26con. tta f1n1sbd and cover'ed with black skin.
-27 te-corntt$ f1nl hei.
-B curtale or tarots,ready /s:tort/ only the brass p rts ar
to be f'ixed.
-2' con:e ort.s /s t)'lP.W rJc/, probably of curtnl.s 11 ach of thetn h.avin
7 Di1ece&, in green boxeB ,wi th locking system..
-2 re;ga.l.a f'ra fta.rnberg /or in tbe l'ttwmberr: lt"/ 11
J6 war trwl!Lpets .from N:urnberg 1 hliem/
-16 a als,wh e tb the Bouble bore and flnger boles /?/
/obiecm dziurami wywiercianemi i fJW1t mi/
-lO wh te curtals rougn1 bored
- 212 pi.eces of' wood, rtnlEhly n"epared for mute eornrtts and
cornett
-1 amilY of eua s /szt rk sztort6/. hite,not finished,
in whi.,eb are 1 1nstru.mentS ./note th"' t 11"1hite" isin("laY .
does. t means tha tbe box in whic:h are the- inst:ru.rnents
was ealled s tymwerk? Se e Praeturi.us : 3tirnJ erck ./
-2 v oltns ,on bass tft,e other disknnt .in , box. ../2 skr z.Jfl)i ec,
111

jede bas1ewe dru.gie diskantll e .... /

111

-I J.nstrumencziJ.< al:y/"l.ittl 1nstrumentwa.s v ry of't eu used

Wben :ipeakin of clavioord OY Snine-t tj i!'i3de by tl\ e f r1 th T of Bi
-1 c:lavicord /k'laWiko:OOiwu/
-18 mute-corne.tts t urned bite '"dthflut fi1"ll" rbo s.
-15 wb1t e cornett s ,n,ot :!1niahed .
In the followint; par1: of the inventory a.re t ools ...
-'!orine tool Md knife' of' if.fere.nt dimen ionG 1 big for CUJ't cUS
aometts snd J)Gmort../ erm:: Po er/ , for Bi . orkers / or work./
W - th or i.thou. hundles ,strip)lt ,lone,sl1.o,rt nr curved 120.

. . .. .. -
-4
. ... ...
o.ugs o:r !o:r.ms !or ''3b . /mi....r do es6;l/
rJoctor '1. odziml.erz ,t"' \_ 1 ji(J: '1 in his book 11instru.rne.nt v
1

muzycz.ne nn Zl. lri,acn oolsk11. 0h u i u.s:J.c 1 l.n-trument s on the

"'0ll.9 Jl te:rr;1 ory/ fr.: 1971, p
134 w:rites thr-.t pro'bnbly .. 81: ,fn_s orltin
a5 Eltri.ng instruJn nts ll'lilke:r, nnd tl\at wooo ''rind J e-rr
tl1"lo e by BY s worker:s. 1 hiilk 1t vmuld be nor, lo;icl-
to unueTst :.nd "crook.: f r windG - i::mte nd of 1
soun
hnle>!:! foT trin ti
 -10 old w1ss-oin 5tthin and tl ck.
-I new shC.\1'111 /sza1"" - jkn ./
-7 pnirs of litt1e " n1te .no1r f1inisht!'l recorclers /n s czaled
1 1 re :not rinished !lut and
-a black box,not very bi , 'here

car.e for reeds/ ois'ZCZ lk1 itrzcina zamo k /

-Reeds for curt s,or s1z o and tools for tuming 1'in
differents
a hit box.,
1 "

-in bitbO.X 11 old,8 flute /:fletw/not finished

...iJJ a simil e
'bo:x. schreierJ)fe: .en /szr fayffen/not fin,isned..
-Bass sb wm or bass oomm r? /szalamajowy nomort/ witb 4 keye
/4m '! r estrom /
- enor sha or tenor nommer /tenorowy szabunajek/ 1th 4 keya.,
-2 tenor sh was /tenoro zalam iek/with 1 key
- /d,rska.ntowy exeel nc1k/ sopran.ino, reeorderf

Pragment of the in entory mad@ nfter the ieath of the do

o! me in IG04

.. . .. a co:nsort of curta1s /stymberk sztortl't/, hich are to b

sold for 150 z!ot.:rch.,IO trumuets ......,!_n th1\fo:rkshoo are
curtels
/stortv/ 'beginned,and otb r instrum nt /nis c a:tki/hat i
:PTaY
to be conserv d until. th mntu.rity of mchildren ,,

.OTE:In old nolish langua 1 the word "pi.ezezatek" was use a to

nominatall kind of wood-;ind inetruments.ln this
inventory,
al o.:;t all the instrwnents are e ll,ed by the1r nam .Polish
rnu.s1colos usually co.nsid ,er th t hpi5zczal.ek'' and ti f stula
rcomrnonly used when Eoeak1ng of recoTder.Pi5 cz lek
is
al$0 US'1ed whe:n .s fHHlking of orga.n nu es.

Bibl:s is inver..tarzowy nieruchomoi!ci po Sart omieju KEJCKEHZE.

/t(-t ,. :dv.5 20p .I485-l=; ,S .TO. O.tlCZ:.Do hi orii muzyki n Krakawie.
ftoc:tnik Y..rakm:=.ki IX, JOtA.Ko: 1907," 202-205/

p 1.' lT Z i 'l l!ERUCHO...O Cl PO B WlfiEJU KEJOHERZE

/tet. Adv. 520 p. I 85-6t przcdruk s. Tomko
cza
11
Do bistor muzyki"/

0
ll!.przd ise.no czay(robottokarnk:; iinstru.men ta rozmai
1 e
d0 t ro n411 :!B ce ,, j1ako ni ., Nanrzd c:flart.W. e,Jazynka,, -ootartn 11

u kt6rc j e 1c kl:.e.d ly T2 .t!C2;V :ni te :t o J"isane..

- 4 iszczaiek &Z icars ich ro m 1tycb
- Skl ane szwajcarskie o'i. lkl cztery ol..9Zcza!ki
- S ulamaiet 3, c'Zi tarta ma.l t.
- ,:1u;.1. mut6w e .sow., .:ie1k.l i dwie mler"'e taltt piszczal k
szw j eskie.,.
62
- Korne t6.. u:oto sycJl 26 e ame j skrze ..
- I.Ut"i. eo 0 l1{Ch 2'1.
Sztort; oto\-"l,.;ch ti t 1k:o mosid e o ni eh rzyhi
1

.:) z tym\erk o t' z.ie1 ony eh :s kr:z.ynkach ;10 7 s tztuk

ji z-e ws zy st
k::imi
a nn.raty 2ar1 e:zys"te..
- R eg J:y ,. nor.:rmber.aki 1

- Tb wonnvcn nory berakicn I6.

Sztortw bial:ycll z obiema d:ziurami ' "lierci;:]%umi i sl'lUnt.aau. 16-
e
- 1t.en: bial,eh ze rtoma orze D(dzonymi dziormni 30
- Na mut:y i na kornetv z .rr.rub.rL otoot onetro drz e-.'a r 2 s2.tuk ..
-sztym erk sz tortw bial:y niedoga t o "J'3.DY , w n1.a1 s tk 7..
ouzd1 :rku ..
111
- Skr zypiec dwo;e , jedne ba.8QW d rugie d sk.:..r
fol,c:
- lnstrumencik aly ojea nieboszczykovskieeo :robo y
.... o.a iko rd ium .
- lt.uto wytoezon reh bl.elych 1 'PTZe malych ziurrek I8..
- Koraetv. niedorobionych 'bia.lyob 1.5.

Te rz.eezy si w 'Dlaakl! skrzyndruc:q 'l"':toivty , ab: si:nie no-..

terazy. w

- Sw derk6 , dtutek rozma tyah, wielkich do sztortw,

kornet,.
mut6\ov , oomo r tv. . i (.? :robot y niebGszczykoY.,skie j !;) r zynaler
zrp:ych
:z. trzonkami t ocy:on,@mi 1 pl"';s tem.i 11 take te i 1 roze:z trzonk6w 1,
tak kr6tkich jako idl etch, Dro tych i krz1W7ch IOM
.Pil:k i rasne17 pudelku bisl:e i - nly eh d l6teaz k
lw derkw i$Zydelek 17 oar
- Cyr'k1w 8 1

aic(iJg troj e ..
- .iar do esw czworo.
- Pil: stolar sk i eh 3., szlisa"'a eclna 1 d<Aie domow nile do rz.e-
2: a.n.ia drew.
- Heblw mn vch 1 wielkich 16
Starych sz.wajca.rfdcich pi.szcznlek ci nkich 1 miot'!z,ch 'lO .
- Srzalamajka jedn""" no a..
- 1 nar ma:tych biBl:ycb niedorotowanvoh niszcza!e.k
- P.ianubria z -osi dzem na koncach, rzez3.n e: ..e. do d:tt ek 111

- Sta:r e o r ozm tefo naazyn1. to,karskier;o kilka.dziesirt :s ll. 1

ktre rdza po jadla , i,@! Sl. rdre bOSZCZV IIh"i (l.o robot.. nie
(l'Od:i.ila

kazde o z osobnEl naz\risktem mien1t nie u.ml.anc ,, to .r;.1.. oop:lt r y '1-

szy w skrzyni tr ecia o yo i zamkn1 lo
- SkTzynke. ezama lt).e bardzo vi lk , " kt rEJ si nir:dorob1on
p1.szctznl i i oz zamorsk., trz.cinr, \,lo zy ly .
- Stro j do sz tort ro:.i te 1 z :n c'Z'nim dro'bn l't'l r!o r r.'lt o !:a
toka ski. go przynalezace t pudelku hnielllf
Szrubsztak , ielk1 z lawt n a e?: re eh no,.,.. eh ..
AJnbusak mo:;,ly 1 mlotek,.
 1ls t t d ,ernbth1J to :.e.r kl oz 'trs...,,st'k1emi n r:-tty d, l) nie{!o
S'U.pelni e nalezC'j'mi iz s-zraubbra am ; e ... d err: '"n.ven 1.
- S zraubp raska nie ,a - ll:.a
.- T'yfllazak r.O: t :zowy e 'tle u . In:.:::: o dr b 1 :;. 2. 1 '\' r .. t o.
 58

l t- c ,,=.r- t::-.to"c . k1.r ,1\. nie "l.. :::;al tl l . r.... nol.ci pr:.e"" .1.sk
no ::!::1sk:- , :o je
1 ){ zu nJ. fld ;li er do krzyni pochQ"N E!.
- " :VJ.rdr e bi dom :lt rell"i fle . n"ledorobion:vch 8 sz"'uk.
- ... ..:ie'l l: -,-z.o rz;.! n1 o:r hl n eh -:.r yf'a" .1 n rz,ecz.one 8 '2.tu .
- J :.l...I.-J. O :t J. :H'"t C: c""'tE-r tii re e strorna.
-:=i.... rer;e::otraa:.1,.
j cdtl"r.l :r s re

B. uJ:::lSP.Z ..:.- ZOPil/ 1604 r . / DO'rl... ZArJl:l ,WAA, zrnATU / cont r . v ..

5'1 o . 152 i est . u v .. 5 y 2 ,-,J- '210 ) ; Sc..b .ll62 p . I86 .
rz.c rul: :: .i " .,T':"!.':ow e::-; 11 :Do hl. torii rmzy k1.. s . 204-205 /

2oa P.Ir'c ""C::OS .nberk S'ZtO rt r ktr r!lE!.j by przeda.ne

te= t- z t.ir ch, trt\1 ' c zl.esl.c;t:, t.:-.rz (1nws zy
Zt".. n6tto:r i n -zc nitlzc:z-:.l-l i oroszaby 'b ly
ziec1n rcb 1 a to la te o 1
dochortrt..n e cvce ktJroj t: i ro przyjcicln,
1 rl rur:-il:'". d icciorn dobrz. ..
CZ " \"lli "

The 'ernlns "A.nqe 1 tu si cian s" Psal te FoMRHl Camm.203

ey
dward .L. l<O ick

A recen communica ion (which for so reason I am

unablC to loeat.el posed som quastions about:: 't.he psalter :
shown in1 tb.c lcft. panel: of Hans emling 1 s tri tich,
Chr1st Sur.rounded by Angel Musicians'" fsee IPlate VIII,
p. 79, of Jcrcmy Montagu s, The world of ' dieval _nd Ren
iss . nc<? Muaical rns trum.ents )1 As 1 r.:!ca 11, the uthc:u::
noted tha
there wen far more strinqs sho\oitrn than one would expect ana,
spac d equidistant.ly, would imply an imposs1bly large corn
pass. Fur her. a group of whae appear to e 4 1 s ring r.
attached to a row of p ns pegged nto the soundboard.
My friend and coll ague Predecick Crane has an
excelle set of photographs of he ripttch, with
enlarqem nts of scveral of the inst:ruments po t.c ved. One
of thf! (!nla rqe
mcnts of te psaltery is about l/4 si e. nd another is more
than 2/l life size. Sr2-ver 1 yea["s ago, wit.h the hclp of
hese pho osj I built a Memling psalt ry [Or psal ery ter
l. 1ng, if you prefer) fousln my Collegium us cum
t thUniversity of Iow 1 beliit will be us ful t.o
nyone wh.o wi hes to .atternpt to c.orHil t. ruct: on f Iprcscnt
the charact r st1c.s of the- psalt,e::ry p,rttraryed by Me:mling,
discass thproblems nvolved in designing wccking moa
U,d pr _s n-.: he ways in which I deal w h h e pro 1ems.
. lUHJ .s Psa tery
Thc in5trumet n tc patnt ng is pet tand u u
lly
gr ce ul parco. or psal tery in t.he pi9's snout sh o.:o . Ther_
ar no br - ge.s on ne soundboard; the st:r"n9s 'J)oss
simpyl
6
over the should rs of the mould1aq on e1t er s de lthus
I will re fer to th - s yp s a .. snaulder psalt r
"') Th re is ro siqn of bridge pi ns,
st:r .Ln9 groov s,* Qr any ot.her device to
cleanly ter-mnate the vibr ing portian of the
tr ng.
The stri.nqs are e sily ounted en Prof. crane' s photos:
hee are 61 of t.hem. Althouh not spaced witb Ahsolute
equa]ity, they are abviously not gcouped n pairs or
triolets. Furtbe , the wide (baes ena of the paaltery shows
another
22 st ngs. e _ch rougbly 1/3 th length of ts neighbor
l.n t. h,eo major s t.:r 'ACJ hand. Ther e an be 1 t.Ue aoubt t ba t:
thi5 is a set of 4' trin9s. Each of thesc shortr
str1ngs s wound to a tuning pg whicb disapFe rs i to the
sound
boa, rd and pre&uma.bly into a wre!i t. pldnk below .
A l'OW ot ning p.ins ru.ns down tbe le ft" side (angel
l.eft) of the psaltery On he oppos te .s de r less visi-ble
DU cleariy indica ed, are a ow of n i! heads to whJch
the stringare hitche . One e n assume that hitch pin for
the b nd would u! fQund on the left sdi e.
The .sa\nuiooard has ,4 soumd koles lato whlch ros t.t s
have been - unted, the 4-holer porao seems to lhl:l.ve bQen
fai r"ly st,and rd). The det ils of the roset.tes. arE> 50 clear
that they can be dupli at@d with litt.le trouble. The midd e
one is a tcefcii aesignwhile tnose in he 3
corners re based on n -pointed star One can
lso make out the
dC !t l and shape of the ,moulding of the t;i es. and enc1uqh
of th.c s.lties ca:n b se .n to il.llow some . _stimote cf the
depth of he 1nstrument
Uslng hnow- f us inter-ocalar standard o f 65 lf!Jtl.. ,
t_ne psaltery eppe'&rs to be pproxirnately 14" long X Jl.. wide .
Oe s iqning th P-Sall:ery
'rhe inst.rument: in t.he p&inting loolts con vi ru:tng, &:nd
'Memlinq .is nown or h.i att.e"lt.l!.O to de a1; nevert..heless
some of its oha_r c:!tariati.,cs- a..ra opo..n to question:
l. The abscncc of bridgos on t'hc scundboarcl.
2. The absenee Qf bridge pins or string grooves.
3. The pre sence o.r 22 4" st.rings (G nd wi t.h thern t,he
turung p1.n.son the :soundboard nd, presWJ Ably,
a wr sc pl nk to re ive tne pins .
4. The presence of 61 strings in the rnajor band
lf tuDea ehromatically, ane str ng to
note. t:.hcy ""',ould give a compl! sos of owr S
octavos
and almCJ5t 2 cct.oves wauld 'be doublod with "
strings.
'l"he bs, c of bridges.. Although we hav' com to ex
pect, t.hat any plur:}ted :Jtr.1.n9 instrumont ha ve o:nc or .more
brl.dg'e , t:.he br idgeel s shoulder psatlcry is not uncclf11t10r'l
in mediC!V.Jl ic't31'1Dgraphy. I m,ay he mis, taken, bt I qe the
iropre 515ion that. 'they are rg en mor ften than porll:'o psal
tecies w t.h br1.d9e.s. O t.be 12 illuntr -tion.s of psalter1e-s
in Jeremys world, 4 re clea ly shoulder psalteries, 4
probftbly l're, J do not show suffic1en det.ail to m - k.e
jud9'emant, and only one eloarly h s br.Ldges. At ilny rtltc.
shoulder psalteres_em to have been ignoT d by modern
butlders, and have al1 en pictures of pareas wi
1

b ..1 ges dvertlzed as Me irg sal er es! -

The b e ce e b a e ins or aove - Thiin tru
ent s1de nre ther_ Any 1 l strat ons o p5 lter es tk t
snow pi ne o:r gzoov IS? 1 oetn 1 t roe 11 see i:ng any 'but 1'n
 ns

nct thLlt mlilch of a.n iconologis cer aJ.nlv rnlin hows

no h1ng on this nst nt, _ ltho gh t detail is so co
ple1t that he no doubt could 'ln.avc had be want. d
to . Let.- tlng the riru:J 'S run over the roanded
shoulders i5 not th way e wer tatlght to ma
str1ng instruments -- his is slP'Iply not tbe
rnost effic!.nt way o tra_nsmi ting the vi brationG of tbe
trings to the ins rument. P rhap
w s xpected tha h wre t rin.gs uld w ar th.eir own
CJroo-,es7 IPernnps, but:: th p intinq does: not s.how it.
Th prcscncoe a.f 4 s ring .. In t.heory, wny not?
Cert-'nly te concept ol s ing instrument With 1ts lo er
notes reinforced by oc a strinqing is valid 1n the 15th
c ntury one need look only as far as the lu e. _ so,
in tneory, therQ should he no object OD to a sile block
of od (the wre t plankJ, uni io9 bottom and top, runn1ng
up , lrrost hal f the lenqt.h o f tho inst _ en t.. 1 c ;rt n ly
ould dd solidity te hstructure.
The tuning pin for each 4' s cing corefuly cen ered
bct een the 2 adj cent 8' strings; neverthelcss, things
ere so close y p e d tha th B' string5 woula lftiOst
e. t inly buzz a ainst the 4 4 tuning pins. It i5 l ays
possible tbat this 50umd was eonsidered d sire bl on
th other hiitnd, h,e tops 10 f the 4 11 tun ng pin.s could
been sunk beTh!swou)d
havestrings. ow the level o[tbe a
voi d the buz :!t
Thus f r, in tlleory, th@re e n be no objectlLon to tJu:!
4' &e of strings But, n practic , who needs 22 rnor
string5 when he already has 61 he eancxplain? And if
th in rnt is strung chrcmatic lly, ons ring to a
not,e iadding almos 2 fall oc av s o 4 rlng .
lt voald seem tha a dec s on about the strn9a w" ll
de nd on bow we daal with the compass.
The presonc of 6 str1.ngs . It is tli.ffiCIJlt to CC pt
thc oncept of a psaltcry s runq chromatically, and it's
impcs.s1ble to imagine t)ne 14.. lDmJ WJ.th a S-octftv compass.
The physical prope.ti ies of fri tal st:.ri.nqs (or any other n )
w111 not per.mi , even i f such be pos.,., ble (In de y ange s,
far ,angelaJJ in Juvel'\l one seems to h ve two cho1c s h re.
Me can ignore the number 61 and deciden a work _ble com
paswh eh he e n Gtring sinqly, n pairs or in tripJet 1
or he o n ssume th t he e re nde 6 rings (60 would
have been so muen better!), bu, t: th t the ar re Jly gro pod
ln pairs o.c trJ.ple s. P 1rs 01 .strinqs un d chromatically
uld result in 2-1/2 oc ave compas quit re- onabl
rf bowever, one assumes a he ins n a uned
di ton cally l 1th both h rd and !Oft B's) on rr ves t
3 com ass cf ll/2 oc ves: b ter th n 5 octaves, but
still scarcely possihle. Grouping h_ strings in tr plets
yields a chromatic compass of an octave and a half, or a di
tonic
campas or 11/3 octnves -- or just J notes hort o Gudo's
g ut!
Soll.l ions
l found the desqn of . fii - d s rrr&ngly f mple in tru nt
a difficu t t k. M xperience is m.osUy with h:arpsichor- !i
nd lu s; the houlder psalt_ry 15 clearly neither.
F1rs of all, 1 ae ep d h ev d nce of th b qel ss
psal ery -- I real y h d li tle hoice. Bu1
found it
a ff cul tO im q ne the maSB1Ve S1des Of thc strum n
 ttoing anythinq except damping t.he delJ., cate vib'rat.ion.s of
thc strirUJ5. The sdi es o.f my inst rament ha ve the
following cross-section:

...

-.------

1 made these r ou of maple. A hard wood as

obviously
called for sine tbe .sides 111eed to ho:ld 'hminq pins and
hitch pins.
l usd variouB highly scientifimethods to determine
the exact aize of he psal ery. Thcsc included calculations
based on the si-ze of the verage h nd, the width of the
ave:ra,ge inqemail the p.ro, baihle scale of the lut:e
playcd by the psaltery amq Is once-removed nciqhbor, and
the
average siz.e of angol 1 !:; wi.ngs. A.Il. these c:alculatl.ons carne
to naught 1 since I arrivcd ata dimension of 17R X 17
considerably laz;ger than the inter-oeular 1 4 X lA . Nevcr
the less, thouqh. rny ps 1tery 1s not S petite as fl:emling 1 s,
it. cert inly is withi.n the ra:n.g, cf si..zes sh.own in other
i 11ust:.lr'atJ.ons.
Intuition told rrte to forg'et ny analogy wit'h tli\e thin
sou.ndboard of a Iute, so 1 made my top of 1/8" spruca.
The qr,ai.n ru:.ns parallcl to thc strings, sincc t:.ha.t s J\ow 1
goes on any othez strininstrurnent I can think of Calso,
I j ust b&ppenea to ht1V& a piece of sol.lndbcard wood th t fi t
tila t. w,ay) Intui ti.on al so told l't'le to mo,l\e the bot l:.om of
1/BN soft poplar rather than maple (although 1 r@ally chink
I did. t'ha because I had a su1.table piece of poplar . l
put two di gonal braces across e bottom This urned oot
t.o be a liri15C movc sl.nC(!I ho pu11 ot the str1.ngs tends bo
bow the bottom i:n both di rect.ions.
used hitch pins, and the dan th ngs ae
I
always
cat hnq on clothin;. I duplicated th rose bes and stained
the inst ument a5 shown in the Mamling pai ting. It makes
a handsome appe rance.
I decidecl o,n a compass of 23 d _ onic notes with both
hnrd and so ft: Ss. Tllu.s J. S Guido s garnu , from G to e'
(I say I decided on , iCQmpass, but 1 goofd som whcre
and only ade it to d'.' I used brass wire and strunq the
Psaltery in tripletsa
 67
I us d aperd thr adless harpsichord pins for tuninq
pins. Tht!y or:k 'Well, but protrutf ore th n I would
lik _. Also, 66 u.n, 1n pins add a lot of w igh
'te the s lt ry.
Wer I bu1lding ne ould use th binner tanin pin
ow asea or the 4' rcgi ter of zuc erm nn h rp
ichords.
I solved the problem o h 4' st ing by iqnoring them.
l hang y he d, because 1 h v no dcubt hat mling was
pant1n9 a r 1 fe tur of thc in&trum nt. s1 s id a lier,
t.h is llt.Sitrwi!Ont has lct 0 f St il."lB':}S tO d1eal Wl th! neV
tt: lc s , I mi9ht ma.ke a di ff rent d e J.on - f I b d i t tQ
do over P rh ps 1 Id p ovide a 4's rinq in place o!
on of the triplet s rinqs for th 8 not s of the ottnm
oetave.
y Memlinq sa.l ecy has tan amazingly loud, briqh ,
ich, r.ingLng, zinqy sound. r can b plu ra
or, with equal cffect, pl yed with wooden h rs. T realiz d
immad1ate y h the ides of ta psalt ry did not da p
tb str" nq vibraticns asI had pr dicted, but roe
ed b ck na forth transf ring @nergy in most
effic ent nner
to both tcp nd bottom. Thus thbottom f ctions as
anothe%' soundboard, and the vol111mc and tone q Lla l t..y of thc
lnstrum n suffer when it is pl yed on the lap, wh r
the clothing d mps the bo tom boa d. It
- t be played on the
cne3t, Angel fash1.on. Brllcinq he bot 02111 proved t:o b a
dou.bly eff 'CtVe i.ntuil':..\l'e mcve r .Slnc 1 .lOwe:rea be 1J1 in
wood reson- nee of tbe oott..om t:o abou a four h fr01!1 th t
of he opiJ
1 .am cer-tain t.hat hs marv lou lit le istrument has
s.ubtlctieS' I 'v not ven dreatned of. would be interest d
in hearinq from others who have the Bnivmat1c Memling
built psaltery.

rol\mm comm. 2o.1 KA.mfC A PRAIZB .. lhl.lip llbOrene

H_.e 1 a impl'@ 1 eb p -- o'f' illl&k1n a t.hi&a. l1Q' a oou:n er.ink

btt. t,_ .art -..ae tor a earp t.er' bn.ee not t:lre b1gh tQe uea bl
"'hotrlcr &rUla.. Bottcn uu! out -t'.be h .a otr 111 eown 1n thilt Me.gnm.
Olamp a P<lia ot' m tbe \1111e plate ot p'ill.u'' 4rl1l arwS td tb another
CCNr.l teratnk In t.ha clmdk# clrlll. coun; eratnk da'preadon ln tb
bt!
thw t UturbiJIB thil' pat tlon or the .aod or tb ill t ot th e arl.llt
fl'laa U, t off COWlteTaiJ'Jt (.hich lhal'l W. b n allg t.he 'rrai&e
head) in th lep-ea.t.m ,ana
tapptng artll 1D tbe cbuck &M clrtU r.lgnt throtlgll
t"r&iu 'h '11\io metboc! hcN.ld !lh.u.?e that th he>1e goe throUh ed
r: t.re (it 4id ror ).
'.lh tn a11 t.bl ia the t f!C61J'6e tne trllis ia 11n upa1dem:nn
CXJUnt.f!H\.nk bitthCIU'ttln - nu.te
ar oow - .,a t-or a 1 h&naecl 10t.lt
tctien.. -.nnu". o-r G0r.11"811!h 1 to ua a lett band tap and die. It J'OU baTe
e, to t ae th i 'PO prcbl l:Nt cr r10t I da UOrt. .an 'l:luJ'inl ., l
dirl;
t.ltey are Yery d:..-.4 1Pt to _,..a I .Ul IV t. X 1il d
ln. DI 'IL 11'h hank ot the tre:.t..e herlale al.l.on 1 t iD 'b
WMit
11 - IIIIZ'pOl Jed in e1J. but \
eMlJ t
. 1'11x111, halo 11mt1 th e 1130d11e t.b:r'l
!.,: .J\6 ) .:Uoft thtool io
&U.y ..rter uae.
lcut off herc
.-e:::r ) aha:nk 1 u :zwt!ICI1
IIID'"'" tl.a '!
ae
ldde. 1he Ul ot trdao le
thll!' "'er.Y lent.b or
- or 1/4 tnetJ - ., d tu:ln 1- t one ' - 1 IU'tial. P'S &t l"'lsht it
m! t l gth. 'lb pef en- eJel in th 1!' 1' 101 or th11 m!e 'h.aa ,IIJI4 tbe Whole
thin _ 1 i u .., the or tbr inet t1ll th req.W:"IId hole il touna..
It !a dapl;t.cit;t lU.l.f to cT.mr !n t,e banie ti'OII1 tb outaitetJ1 &nr.ll.liiR
.11 ben Withdl"&' .. To t t "th.- t'ni k 1 '111 - t anotber .tozy,!

Fo'!tDUU Comm.B05
A GAU nE FOR rf"Au1 P'G Tt' 1 t NESS OF rd;!. l tll US1[\UMftn SOl. fHlGOJ.I\OS

11 n. "'us;c 1 in!itrur-. nt rnater!i and rc'!icD'rcnrs ha Je at (,l fe lin E

Ol ,encther wist,cd to ilVC oo1e f!leans of ntP.surng l t l.lch.ne!!
o r soundlboards Tl1 s. l . of cOUir sre, no prob h ,,, 1 en an ins lr u
men' i !ti 1 Si!l!i.!lefttbledor repa; 1' or r-es torat io,n, bLit: l1 .s. of l.en
nea r-1 y i t.t po s 'lt 1 or. th a!..s mt.w 1 e 1, ns t rLirJitl/1 t . On -.do lir.-
'Lype inst 'rununts_. onre can mat-..e a s l oi c:,l i pers. L ,.,at n ac i
rn:. i e
the sounc,i-flio h s, bu t @ 1de re1 prob11 @'nts t h t 1e accu r,acy of
s.uch cJevic:e5o, n1Bny I)IIJ'S u 1 cur'(O il"' 5 Cl:o no t approve of l lrJec"'
un lelclmeta1 objects ben \ trod ed lnto valuable T slor ic l
1 ns t rl.!ln n t . On 1 u tes, D1nd ha l'PS i c:.tllords, l h i s mf' t hor.: uoy 1 d no l
work a.t all.
ltn 11 r cent 1 " 1 had s n only one .al tern, uTve thocJ.. 1 ts
1'1 ethod elliP1oy d a modi tr ad r; ... rrti ero 1 1: r wllleh ad a fHiiiH.ne t.
n ou1nt t:!l on h rnl o f u-.,.s h.f' f t. The cU"rtl o r l h r,li e'rtnnE" te r \ti a-s
cut O 'f 1 , and tlhe h.aft n1.0v _ C:: 11.1p and Cotm ln'S. i e' plasr le llltb .
Thc Lube W 5 pl acccl ag.;a tns.t t:he bE' 11 y or tJ,e vle>l T n [C.Oill" O lt t er
1 ns t nun ten t ) and t h (! s .,ill f t 1ow1e red un t i\ t 11e mf:ne t ill 1 r1os t
touched U,e be 11y,. A ba.ll lbearln \ .OS introc:ll.n::ed. 1 oto l h e. v lol i o
_ ,nd he1d to ti I.J"ders.hJ , or the ibel ll y b"" tlhe ntan t at th end
1

or th mi cro11ter s l'laf t. Then the n ie rDr.ll:LPr wa':s utn s.c,reued ...

r a 1 s 1 n1 t he n1 net f ror. t e u r faee o r 'l he "" io1 1 n un t l 1 t he bo1 1
bear n& drop ed.. i th r eferen e plno1ces of d ff rent thi cJ..ne!l.s s,
a ca 11 br.at:ton CIUrv' c:ou Id b1co dr.a1n fc;;.r thl!iii Uey , ce . TI il!l ev 1
or ed fair\y accurilte11 }', thou.gh ,a ilin,. t t.,ere nJ ti, h fliUI !Ii l!'liJ '
objectititli5 to its U5e.

1 first b c aml! c.wriaus abr.n.11t e1ec: t rcmlc: c.knes!i gau&e whcn

1 r-ead Martin Edmum:l ' Brtic.le l rt;t Journall of t t!e FeUoL-1:-,td
o( hlal,;er! a d IR stor r.s. of Historie rlus.1ca 1 nstriUments (Lt.n' n.ml-
catlon na. 4. Octob11r 1 75) or. an lnductlv _ t t lf:kness au& f r
fi1 as tu r ruth 1 e
nes.s eof nOn""nle-ta 1 ' re sur r a ce S.. Th 1 !!t c.e.,., \ C@
as e: 1 a im d to worlo. O\l'er IJ-1(1 r.1n.,, al'td to art accur ae')," of abou t
O.2 Pllll., w' i eh i s a fine rrange and 5 U f hd er1 t ac,c:::urac ..,. fo r my
1

wor wi h bo ed st np insL ments.

1 too tiH!' 51chrr.atlc fo, r tl r. [dn unds-' de-vr e t..o frlen"''ho
i5 lnvglved In electro lc circ itrw desin (Dr. G yd Gri 'er
of Camtnr ld e Mas . , USA}. Us.l1 n ll ii!!l ,a start 1 nr on t , he
lb e an to bllj i1 d a t h l1 ck111C'e!is iliU e fo r rt IH irnrnd 1 ate 1 \' rran
i nto d i ff icu' les-: th gau e #as no stab 1 e i l o .tas very fr qu
ency- and i e-sen lt!v and t s d1 mande ve ) s t le D5cil
1,llo r e i re: u i t rr y ad CIUo i l prreiill'nJ)s. Af t1 r rnu cl. eA pe r t r.- n la L i c.n 1
, u 1 L i fl 1a, te 1 Y bU ii ll a WC11 r 1nC ilY ge lbi 5 1 01 t lt e
1 n1!' r1 idea o f
.all'l inch.u::ta1111ce bFid1 . Li e t r mic"'one t:et devlc , 'ttl t rar,"SducEr
u:s da n.u ntft (JUL!: -Id Lht! lns.uumenL ilnd L!a1 1 l,car-lnP.. insl . e,
ion t ta t tile a 1 1 bear 111'1 e w t 1d l r. a e the mar.ne-
ast Ofl"'let tlmtJassuiHI.''l
ved l. t.e t rans.duce r. 1he ,..a ne l \ as. rom a ma 1 1 t.- ans r -
tor ra o lc;uc:Js.('l .a r., ;:ulld a c:oi 1 w 1rapped ar0u11nd the ma&net acted
as the l"'d,uctilnce
11
In t:t,.e brldg circul. Tt devce flt lntu
al u l 2 bo,. ,. n4J thu!> as QUl te potrt.able.. UnfOi
t' ILil" lal av, Jt ne er was ereasy or reliabl to . [ven thou h
te uanstiucer 1 th it
nat strCnl
n1agnet .,s rattH!r bu 1 k)'.,
enoug t old tte ball b rln& on t e onder5lde of te be,1y
'51t

cf th n lrun nL to be mea$ured o an a'wav a to wor wilh

the nslr rn nt eld upsie clown, Ekperfroent5 wth d ffer nt ma-
nerts andl t,,all earTI'liS did noL cure thls problen1. In ,!1Jdd ,ltlon..
t-he t.ran dut:er was sl il ill y !k, n!t 1 t Ev U:J te ea ,r s. ma&ne t.l e
f i e Id, anC:: t eote WJ cii cer tan ot.ml o i nt,rent c:lr 1 t 1 n t e
de-vice, o that one ha(j to ero t Hmeter falrly aftell'l as. one
a u(ean lnstrum nt.

A t t i s pea in t 1 b@ e am s i el t r a c.Led b y t lhe .ss i i 1 t o f u =- in

o1 trasoun d uoulgnu I'Hr and t ,us measuri n& thic nes5e!l wtt< out
introcJuc;lnf, any objec-t irHo the lnstrum 1nt tG be"' asurecL 1
wrotf! a nur.abe,. of 1et ter to u 1 tr so nd equ 1 po nt manufacturer.s
and d s 1 n r s."' "' u.
r a t e r d iscour .a g in resu 1 t!. f.:c s. t o t he
thiclt.ne, ss ,au ,es on the naldHl wee desi ned for measudn' metal
t le: ne !oes.,. and wou1d nor. wo ,rk 011'11 WoPd. trip - o Et 1oca1
hos pi t.a 1 w 1 t. h a scann ii nr. X- ray tomo- r Dh pr-,oduced abso 1ute 1 n
rl!'sulls wl tfrl JOOd,. Br ns,on 1 ndus tries in Connecl:; Cdt, a c:onp,anv
whlc. des tns and bullds ultrasoud Qul lent, wor don the
f'rob h 1 anrcoru::1 uded t liH t h re was n 1 nhe nm t ti i f f Te u l t
S nee one is worklnt lth r l t ve m 11 l ic n sses
un ne ds tGI &D to raLher tdr;h frequencies ' " OFoer
to h ve a di L inct puls a.nd bounee. 'Jood, o e-ver,
is a very ood ins,ulator at. these nlgh frrqu cie.
Branson w s convlnce h t t ey could dc i n a cieviec
whieh used a 1oHer frcquenc f)U \se, a1nd separ.IH pu 1 se and bounc
wil dala processing t chniques. but thy e pected t at lt would
t 1! t lte.n 5. Vf:r a1 ye-ats to des, i ,.n a1rn:i u, l 1 d uc.h de 1 e lh re
as alsas c.Qnd nh rent o1fficultV 1te ultrasound m L
Od: One "' dee sar t of con uc t J v
e 11 for ood C'Ondu ctance at the tran Qucer-wood int
rface, n 1 couldn 1 t imagi c th l
r.1U5 ,C'Ufl CUri't.Or5 ICU 'd a1 ), OW com:luc.l i Vt! 1el li S Cn th ir r n.Sl
,rur.1en E:S
any more t n they ould a11ow cal 'pers!

U1 Ltd Lbac !!. tu rnf."d a :a in to nty f.r hmd Dav 1 d Gt es 1 ng r.

My vlala g mba bul,din t ach r, Donald larnoc M hadas
da d '
one r;:ould bu 1 o .en indu tance brid e usrn two small, 1 , , llt c:
r-
rema nets for thc transduc r instead of a magn t and
bal1
Le rln, thus red cin& the trac:kln difflcu1ty.. avid had al:o
thougtt t or t is possibility and had already 'oc ted !.ourc of
cera'ldt magnets. r.nmt fro he ll tional Endom1 ot for th
rts allowed me tn pay Da -d nough so lh t he coutd de
ote
nlt're t in te 1he lfllroj @C t. and he soon deve l opt!d the au e wh Te ti
we now uSC!.

The cunrent th icll.oe s g_aur;; is r.ou.sed In tl'le s me bo as th

11 re v i o 01ru . 1 t e t'l n be a pe-r-a t .d e i t h r f Fom AC C l th
an e Jt t r-
n l PG er p c ) r tt r es. The inrernat battery
ac uses cl ht AA ce l ln 5Erie . ncl
the P t rnal C DOwer oacwhlch
w us-e unpll s ;2 oc; t li!IO' Dl., al hcu h th r.au e is re.r.u-
laL, 5o t..,
t any DC vc.Uilr:e fr.on. S o 4t: vol s .... nl sa 1i lv
J"' r H..
 70

Th magmH 1ldct we 11
inLroduc io t o Lt
ifiSt. tu N n l Es 1/ ill'l dlilr l@ter Lly 1/ 11
th c ,, ,ant..l
th r.1;.gncrr in U1e transcilucer 'So rectanr.ulu,
111x3/ '-: ti/lLh wita /lll noh in Lhe cent, r
( t ti T s hl 1 E! 1 s r a t ne r 1 n,f\C.-"' tan l , ils C u tr'!l 1 1' s re e ) .. We J oun e;
t h(!lse n1a nc t' s a t Rad i"' S t,ac s. tor es.

The sens r itself is Hall rfr t s nsor; .e. sensor w

eh m e su res ehrenttes 1 n me :r n t;, e f i 1 d T h 1 'S .sE" nso r nas
ar su:., s. t a n - t l a 1 il:IJir' 11' en t r 11""' En.. t'rJ"!d ehan&f! S r t 'So
res S lane rf' as ii t hea t S iiJP so the transd cer
is aage in a Lhin copper case r r heat
dissip t;i oo; epo.:ded in the ca e direct. \1 ne,t t ' u,e s, nsc...- is
a therruistor wl le correct for the seosor's resl tahce e anreE .
1 n o o r f i rs 'l a t tel'!lpts. to 11.1r se t 11 s ll r,ans duce r, ..,e d' se ove r eo L nilr t
the t r an!tdu e: e r f'lad a nu reto r y ef fe e t. Jllf'r we nuu.le SPve r a 1 tneil$U rc
ments of thie surf aces"' a S.Yb cueol me soretr nlt of a thi n sur
face oud r a thic Pr t an il s ou d In our s con d
transducer, the s. r nsor a n1oun ted by thc ho11 !1! ifl
the rectan ular 1a,r.mH,
e .x ae t l v a t t ''' p.o i nt o f z e, ro f ie 11 d, a nd t h lflterno t y pre_, b en. d s -
appearet.l.

At pres n l ere is slill a bit o rlfL, md our tran5ducer

PCIIC aR i nr: r a b ir t 2lt,lk.'i'liiHd, so we h avP to movc t he L r ansduc.e r
alf"ounr.i very !illr: t.l)' t,(l r;nd te neaKin1ur"t r eter d flreclicn iH
each m a!iiiurenL nt poln (CJr else- OUJ rr "' surement re d toCI thc ),
bu t i1 i s. ot ltPr\ld !!i.e ce-s y Lo us . The 1 n L<P rna1 mar,ne t rack s. t he
ransducer "icelv and is relative1v easy t intrQduc ;nto
iH'Id 11"'@1110\!' fror1 t. he iSt r lii':IE:t. Tlit" .rtcCuracy e,ef*S Ui bf! <il OL.t
, or abu IJ t . S i c:l, .s a b i t 1a r f C! f Lu '1. QtJ i te us a b 1e
nw;1 111
forr nteasu rerun ts o f t1 e sor 1t 1 "'is h rto r11ar ke. 1 e :w.pec l t t.a t
w en we ellake 1 t,. an!iJdL.H:e r \d i eh is phys. i a1 be t ter ,ces 1gnc(."
and pae:ka: d, th accur cy io. t 1 inmr-ove and u n asuren,er.t!fl.
1'1 be evn sTer nd Qoic @r to ruake.
1 n atJ(J iLion lC a>C:CUr rac::y anu ar SC or Y!O.['o 1 reel t hl th i!. ll >'ii"'
Of !:i\U P, i!a ti- !.af reS it dl" 1 t::e fter lr rrf' -rn re- s Jllt>BISUr in , as lot
tt. t ntc..-o1 ro yil'let anGJ li'l tr nstJucer iHe sn.a11 itmC: 1 L v L, nu
un U k 'e h l c.laraage o va, u ab 1e int rur,,pn t, .,,ten u H."(. Ct r r un Y .

Oavio su r.ests thl tt,.40 slmplrl Jl!Cdl ieat ion'S IOUld I!Jat u.e
r.,auge much e, asler lo Llsil" . Fir-st. he SUR'fE'StS t11at t t.e e Ler
s ttou 1 d be e han ed to ; peak- rre<Dd 1nr, r.e ter 1 anC: s cond, 1

Uli.IJ l
a s m11 os e i1 a t o r 'e i re 1.1 i t a m:.. 1ou ds p a r r be in e 1 u de d, so
that oriL r;an 11he r the thick.nes.>S, 1 1 and need no r ah ays pmLch
the nel r (ur n1 A r.1Ufh dcf QC:t ;on.

ThE' fol1o ine; scr emc:ltlcs stauld t s<Pif..,er.p1al"laU"ry. Th :v

emp1o li Ji'! O unusuil 1 Cfi poner t s, ce r-.t fnr h 1-!'a 1 ' [freet
"sor i tsel. 1 oL. I d 1 i e 'lllrt'ry u t. to J,ear the experie!'ilCe!J.
of anybt.tlt \ he. trie!> tlis circuit.

l'e te r Tou r i
n
O oH bur , Ver''!in l USA
h.J r eh, l '/ j
 71

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? E.tER'EtJC.f. l>o,N,T '\t'l\fER.

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+ N '12A
-

S:\.e c..T Fo
rv ?.oo t-\rt
Mlt J. C.u 1tE. 1
 W t RJ ha!w.e 1\111 yeL don y eJ\:pe:rlmeP to del!!rmlne what t:Hllf:l' nc :w1,
itt' ow:ult"esuU. hnm, fiintng die be ly ri?IIOll!lJIIet :mPdlc 1\be-r by ttir lra.d,Uonal
tap...lonc 1. clmlqu. or by he moderYc:rsionLh.eo Cbbliml-platLecbnlqu.e. We use
tbe. 1\ladJit p t mclhod, witb our viol -undbo rd , bte '1!1 U. l.s ver1 -2.1)" Lo '"'- an
bc U-6 W'e te very tl ned 'VI die' IOn.d of tbl! Vlo1s . '1vrt madie UI!I'mg it.
T equipm nL o ed.ed 1.1:- (l) u. Yl.tJa..b'l roa !1\eflenuor Utap,Jduce a ame-Vj'Q @'
outpu\ !ntm , . oot lO to 2000 Ha wbleb an toa - diRerencd of less lbaD ( n
f:rom NBJ Co:r ;.as.. bul cb :e,p l'" - llflls than UO 1D pa.rLB - from your lccaJi elrentronJ e:
ea - u t wbo wdliBBhit on. d si.gnl.q iL bu wa7' (!ra, igb-flde!ily atnpUUer only
nr U& re u 'd tmt :mor: than 50 wa \8 I'C(!'DD'llrl\ended. to o.vold d art.o:rtiOII Jn lh
mpUI_e:r eausell \ly fcl!dh k tow freq,tcnr;,* , f:rcnn tbe o ill Un p ker) (3)
go- -qual y 151 '-e(" of abe t G - be dlalneler tlry ro geL one wUh Us own Te&otWicr:
loW s ' UL 50 H:tJ J o 1 wUh 111 o1 in itl.o lh und ralde oE "Phiclh Un
P _ er l l ll-ed &) c:Nnd ab rr'bb'k r ao ,ering 1.0 to.at you a n tun \IP 'lbe vol
ume WUhau t 111 c=ormfo . ( OIJie plet of n x ible pl tltt roam d . L l hl
grn.Dtll r sub&tn.lllc(Cbr r;ttnas gUher scems to lb lth!:! b t). Wc moosUI"l! r:r qucn.ay
W th 3. oa.Ub 1
ed Looe 1;1!111 - Wl' we .'bt:lppeD IG bavebul. for 0111" 'USe ISO far mJ 'i1e Would'
lm." nt.lf!d is ny - ed-plLeb bts. rumeot u.ch. a , r aru!o. gooo ear lo est m
f Ctl l of ! em'tGD '"
O pl s th pi oe.s of .ron.m :a..mulld the 18 r hote. tmd plat1 th BOW'!dbii..J'd
un thc. eoncav ldc: up. Make 5\.!ilre lbs\ tfl.l ea.Adbo ' td a1ose to lhe U!Jble bul: o'l
Lo biag U. The glltter B durn 1aprlnkled ovetr tb BOWJdOOard,. Wbffn tbs,p ak :e
cmtt.a a rrequency th&t m bes a r ronanee< mode, the aounClb rd ea.mea te, 1il' , illh
lhe T\ bou.ne mg 'ViolcnUy ov r m a - ,.one B.lldl ca.U ling over Une1 (m1 :d nod
11nca) whleb nr :ntJL vtbraUng,. Tb tteTO of n.odal Uu ud the freq_t'lency 11 wh r;b
t.hltil oc : t.lf's el'ul.-:rtWtcrlse!.o b nscnmncc modt:. There- J' m ny o{ thes.e modesll lru.l
une Wl' Wdh ICillil.l' 'Lbe (ew low l.;;.pUah Otl.e!
W h ven't trid u. but , peo.t rhat tb l'c-aona.mcc modl!5 can aLBa bm de v n1b1e
u 111 il!'n\irely Rena' i samce or :BarOI(Ul! IYJK:' l!g 1u,pmenl. The eou.ndboard couild bll.! pl
'di on u. talde. ratscd aJxw,Ir by lUde ba.Ue of wOQl. prinkled wllb fUle d O'l' eedl. ll!
l'ld ruccUi.l(l wUb 1!1 IU'Gmbone Lhe lbellc'r which & juBt bli\Y' lt.. AnoLh.e:r po a b.DIIty WDU]d
b
lcJ fold lhe Dtmdboard ID Lh am horu.-onta.1. paslUon (t.o llold tbe. '1\d) by 1

f;lamplng: U somewhe ,ai(J ex(leel d 110t:b' Um wUlJ ,a ve-rtic G-ohunp. :;ras;phwK

ll wuh lht- U erLip I.L , !flctther point on a nodal Uoe. _ nd bowm lhe eoun.cfboa,.rd . n.h
r dd) bftW l D. pollllt 1'\ ih edge ( 1:' 81 f robl a nodal iDe.
Tb re Q.f a Se\'el'1L1 ll' WHJDS foro U!iln IIUb - metbod "r tau.alliy dl&pl !In 1 pi
re&omwces:
l. .U lt. & :be-e dethle'd toP pul" lr. acllu::Urrgrmuu:i's) Uta.'l n parUci.Jilnr l.nsl!'llml!t &
:re de b1 onWML\8 l.o duplrt!'Ote tbem. a.nd. GJJ.l! .BBu.mll!.s lhat hf' e
C(lltJtSU proper1tes e. lembodfed IJI th IIDWH.Ib r-d p1L11perhap L1 o libe ).
oe d.eten:nlnes r.he reaoonn-c modle 011' lhe- 111-e nb]orlghml l!loundhollrd a.nd p :rhaps
ba ck) Wht!D scpa.rnLed lro:tn th !TI! t or the tna ru.mC!nl, a.nd tJier Ulle d1e plo.Le-re.soruuu'
melbod to DtOnJtor tbe I'Vin(: D.Dd lhJ.clme 91.D oJ tbe DOp)', tt mpt1n; l dupliooLe Un:
re.sorut -=c mild ( . pattems of iiDdnl llne Wld lb!!' wod lr,equ rtt:t .s) rol thL" orlgtna.
l'bls mef od wtn f!omp .na te foT dl1 et e in 1 tUfn b tween lh ofi ,i lh
orig PJ illi'Jo the copy. bu.L Dol Uf :r ct. 11 ound b.s.o,'rpH
2. lf onw nl 1-G 1n mi!; th pow 11' r.wtput fr, m par-hcW. 1r oWJ oa.rd ( nd w
nnoL be ecrL-lin crut wbcn oall'l)' rG brld lhlsg:oo.l n mt'rul),.. nd Oh ss11mtt,.
Lb t , bld happenD'W"'th v-ono p] le l-unmg. U! rclvantthefi on 11 ndju l ih
tt s.mg ol tb mmdb rd an.di t.! b r.r\n to ct :r toul r 11t-lnK made'wlit-r
 Lo Ut 11CJ r tbe
Bt! tU e

Td neJWI, 'ttgaerlDg the

e mode wheo g1ued n Lb
lh

APPEN.DIX A Lnd or hem wllitL Ue toetb 0111" r uUs d m e of ot],et'a is

foUo s:-
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:o.re t. i. J. =- 8. ;- 8. - ' J;f"

l tnt nk 1t. lI not netu r.r to lel: tb ,priorl \y ta, 'farl upan 11o ebo&Sy eleal
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e.'dR' g

ka Cl. IIICICDWI qu&1Utl1)181 '- t I!IQ] l l:tf te rlve hlm om.8 ldt t 'lll'b'lOh :,11\1' c.cm
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'!i'""1"'- 111 ,_
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ou b 1- d
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14 8 DOnCi!llfl!1lOI'l or =.'a. .E iT
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n ad.e a, elle to e .a 1Uile sl"tl f'lc. i"1 1no tbe p1 \ob c!
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= ., _ .... D
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w
not only- oA the rd uaad, bu8s oiallt on t wa7 of blowinr th 1ns r:r o ""'-<m ft
rumnt.
I hu'pel."'aonall:J r-aaor4,e4 'ift rpar1t11an\1!! ihat t,he 'tnt "trwul')t blawn -
ritb
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n
=. -q ' ]
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a 7
.11rindctip, cu p11'0u tte or :th.a 4 a1one bu U rrwren t 't'reado111 r,_...qunaJ "< :;:1 "n ' ,.. 111 -
b nd.-dh"' aoaor-ti.rte; a the 'blorinl 'techntque, the mllr ri t.!h ll rinl!.cap & tb
f"t
BnOWI!I
t r i t'hout. lln7 _doub\ ihat ! =-
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e =- r
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.ridet- ori 'h ih neiS a.lon. MO t..hr e:xpe rtmqtahana1n HIIIJflMh 'Z i': &
tneo 1"!1Si!!id m 1: ;:lv!na tNllnt ' e hath piw'b of'
2"4 aotv lo to th
1at cni!JII l',.., t.he to,hins of 1h :garti.&l 2 l h1ghr o:r let. er than t.ha t or "h 1: .. ;:.;..:r 'a '!' ,..
P...
. .
flirnda :1.'
e .=
1 !! . . .: ,.,.
a:. :
mantr ..,c-o,r411'!1.1' ta 1he ai .:' of. the ned. tilla, i:t te so oh, 1t l11 e lea:r t:h*t th l"!led rt : .. . 1: o.- fQo l"l
- - ::0. .,. l1i ,...;
(n) whtah stv .a .ood 'tur.lng or' acta,. tmUiil&t. t.b:J..it.ob (at a _pne:iaton o
-
a
iot D
ii.W lit
},,.,e,a lhAn l f l ,of'" ton or .5 lla"'' ,...'i:) 1n l\'lch tha 1nflt:n.l1f!l81nt " ::, !' Q
pro'babl)"
17dl{ :t. 't P!u:tJ,- 11111-.111..-. Ei .
t'h. h\ uaUCI" l d .
eao,lt gunon 'le et oalld!"rqt 1&9\r:. b.)" P'al 'h:. nd eo i .BIIIll tllo'& 1 t.i-'
=
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a.t the .;...
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oatt
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1:b1a
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...e..onu que . . v.r7
lton 1 n 111tnunwnt.
tn' tl - -ob l"bl!llle
hi bu\
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!Jind-ria&] Oi!lt'll auoh , on.unhom aJPid Oicet H1-nB e.,t.t ri h
1\''f'cr
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iillooWIOIG ....
"" be a'b-t1ndriltb1n " t fnor Ul1rd' ott-.. . 11. blob"';r earHt'bl,7 ll.lllad G. f!' la
io s-'..;
r:":l
, . . 'u ,.. Wren O.u&n&lnf ani! at l
ili .t. . .. f t ! . . a.p .,a.
'\1 a. ma l.er l!h ac. . "'u\ ea7 'tb.llt I dan'' t qJ'i W'11b .r.tt.:..;.., .t.a-.. 11ent ,Ae -roi r
-r-edb r...in,g t.b!lntes.rt t,- t _ fr. ecunc7 Tat.toa llat.. l'l lfH).d thi prob1 f.::;- 111 1::11
t'l
cr 'B
,;
GOnC II'I"nll .tb Bphre Df OO.I"NGit .ned-atak!n_i 1'aitiP thAn ,,, invttsat1011 of iDBtn.-
e
npt l b. I h&v Jtartl.r dllla elld thJabove 1 but r pra,. f'el11 to r.. rr to mt
: r;: JG"
'1
nclbok of na!aaafH:e. B'el! 111&1dnl' {'fflth 'ln1liah i1t) wh cb rill. be plll\ltbd
=
'1
1n l18I\ June (in P!'lnoipll }" 4fter 'ba:vlrtg m4 hurulnut af r,da (lar:filt -fil!l&t], &
th e JI: ., . th tn 1 1111d 13t.hal' varlailona a t' t.h_ r ,POIIil ' t1"7) and tr1d. t'h111D on m-...,
1
ktnd.
1::1:1 < 1'1

O ,t rt fll t I"'llJD.I! n \n , t. llllf)JI)a &l'lil t he:t tol' (1'1:\llen :i nll t uml'l' lll n'lll da el'" ( O.J' ma"ny
'b u t. l n 1!11 vr1 l'iLarro 1"11n111 ot u.no11rt.ait7) s-ivrea pftl i"tly . toRauae
Th1ta -peeu.liarlJb_ \rue tal' h.aee and RAwibeli!J du11 11 une4 t. neti'UJIIrwt an 2 00 ,.,.,.
fo,iat.l:'u (a :ppa.. abaW!II. ) llnid
p'ftta
 llut:
bov1.ot oour., 11. la 1 t:rUJ to-r o,rllD4!":iQal 'bor11d. jut t.FWII.etrrte &a r a1d.
!1 1s otbl"'ti ob'l'hlul tt i .taplt a) joln1M the lnatrwnnt \o th r-.lllcJ ' hall
a 'g r1D8 lmportanae but 1ta IBliii'Ulon te . 11'8 !'h& a pro'blell ae 11-hll Necl tf;.al r t ,.OJ'
&k:e, ba"Ve1 nat f'e\ hearl! Of' &n.f' q)uble l1'te.ratu-r upon th111 topic C'Oh
RI!U1... iJI&nO in tioumant. ltJ ...,.. ot' c11otn 't,, la bot:h b&aed u;pon m1. thma tl
i1)
....j 01

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rl!len-t&} p?10 Da1ple trhioh aan b t:cuttd tr. an.Y gr,lod boak 4esltns w1th 1&
, u atcal aacutlo11, 'hut 1 haVt mo.., id h.!o11 oan t h 11sid. ,.. t. 'beoau o 1

.m aJt.J e:z;J)ril!!lantl )lsv na' JI C .snd. W'bla:h a,r nil"d goq .

1:1"
'J'&U:lnor t h1e r .t hav Y ,. 'Dave Slt!ll8k1 11!1i rt.ahltOI"J' wil'h lhia 'O'f'\lftlb&J'tla- l IMI t 8' .
1 th... t .''f'e rou nd it I'& Jtr ton ( tbauf!rh 1t 111 a 01 rl ti.CI& t p:roblj"') bu t I aan ..P...
hpe lve him an s-Pla.na.Uon 1 roq ,. efak.tnr, IO.roisa-rli'ilr1rt!' t. oa,ll!i tloned bJ
{-f rf!ltlo :r t b bor / or iba .f'lnpi hol So, on 0711n.r!loal llor polaH;r,
- ... .
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t.ri -I!J a". l =R .
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f'!>-

tb o.roa" .rhuMrtrta & r>a -rrtoin t

t.,, ._
f t.h1 r,t1o 1a b ou t .2
'-:::;."
f
1
ll . :;

or r.
!'
en ba'il
'1n d1a t "',
ratrlt n 11rrow 'ba nt .!!!.! r1ngel'ho lll 1'&tbJ" 1sr-1 .in .,.... r l= 1

Q
111
tkat bore 4ol'!t oro fln " But om .X .r1J .n4-, Ko k a N 'bon wlth ..
"o Uf
ln r-bol. can aro te t1.'npr.,. ven tri th pla,&tlo nd 1 1.; .,. aooept 2 :::11
!1. l obY1oull tbat riuin111 11:ena1at o orum1'IO'!"n llt .. :n not ma"i
to
f -o

ae i't occurs on rao'kt-t !D4 eimJlar 1niiUumnL. 11. 1 a pil"oper.tJ

and no t ot t'h teed ,, 'but on :rpRn41"B' bonae, t h prob m 1 mor Jf,ri-
=
!
1o all 't.h par1e af 1ba p111 lW!IiEI \ t-h th ,'boJ. Thl p"ebl .1 ror th
u.n lel' a tu d, bj aauI th e t\intrior th oo\a.Y DIID be ahans:li b:r 'tlde t
rou1Hn
,, a,d th11 da.-= " nct BIIII(I tl,. tb ame.

fa

J!'aoq,u L.IIUY e:
--
 76

DJilda Abbott

' tA)\noC nJSlGAL rNST RU NT . n ro 1

&gri!
lo glv Fo UrHI 3 top1es o this bool< 1 blch con po'l!ltiin 1) !ed l 6 In thls
u In lh s.:une BJHril e a r 'lo en 1 e copie or lh tr 1 fiel. Tbougb Wr: ar
[ull of bi b l"melpl ware nct abov engD glng m d ls lik tln U lt le lor lhe
eummon good.

CO TRmUTEONS TO Fo mHr., PLIEASE E"ead the Not to Conlrlbutora on Ole baek

...e be ore preparing your Comm,. Today) &m curslng OD renow who eComm.
b had h.1 be pt1t sideways bec3iuse bdl 't tak,c note or poUu ... Tomorrow our
pri.Ptere wtll be cursi.ng aev r 1 olhe:r of yo 'Who ba\,en 't ta:k n polnl. 4 aedously
cnougb.
In futvr , in ordeT lo keep wilhin ou r posbl budgclw \'C te Umlt
eh Hitsu w G4 pa et: . (Tbts Sprlng Jssu taU wU.htn th n po ne becau e or
t.h Memb ntup Li.sl na e be b er nnd sun c:ome wHhan that. ra.nge.) Wt''d bale
to Y e to po Lpo e - '01\e's Comm. due lo \ k ol .spaceao ple e e try lo presenl
yo r a ten p . .it.J\e - mmlmum or surpl word.s and bl:lrili p3.per, u
le btpe theTif: wiU stUl b room for ev ryon ..

GLU A vl 'tllnt; In Lrum nL mak r r mar ed that a l1CW fasl- ett1 "'hile
ood orkin r glu mndby Borden blch ls V llnble ln the sbo rrcmnd 8 n: lo
be Id nUcal o Tlleb nd. vr ol'hec ried i'l' De' 'lbey gr
?
LANE BLADES. Ma:rtin Edmund B M\' ng som toot.bed blades mad whlch m
pl ne, p cr bop uUy 'rDun.d E.3 E4. Anyone iotere ted
lh th:Suml ) 09 _ bloc
e n el hlmw

OTES FOR CO TRmUTORS

CommumeolloiUII are re roduc d d\rcdl rrom lhe copy you scnd nt .
1. Pnferred alze of pap r: 1 A , th:ll 210 x 296 mm or 8 x ll.,
mches.
.. Oo A4 p3per e D d a margin of 25 mm or 1 inh : 11 round. Whal \er fUZ. f (laper
you IJ e, \b means your typlng B ould HU but not &9 outstdc of R'll) nnaginnry lnune
me_asurlng 1l S x. 2"13 mm OT 7 X 1D tnches. (Se.lLhe ll"lt -banc:l pl'Pf'T InH
Lo lndlcat.c wbcre thf!' \.yping sb uld slap.)
J. T pe \ngl paced and use a mlnlmiJlll el et 113. Jl'lt:e 'bctwcen paragr pb ete.
L Copy must be honr;ele r antl bck. Use n w nbbon or pl stc ribban. JI gre.y
1e lb be t you:r ypcv.Titcr c11n do 111 the O'l'diruuy wny, \ry LiBing very Lb m paper
b ckup by ca.rbon paper fallnng t.b WTonc y.
5, Dlagn.ma musL ruso b bl . 1.J e Uldi. mk or atr ng b1o.e fabeTLip pen,
6. ycu t h. u typlng agl!ncy . :NRI can help if iven nough
umc.
'1. Pboto ph e:: t more Llun Fo?-UtKJ's bw1g l illows. Au endln phcrtogmphs
will be kt'd rora contrbulian to rd the extr coal .
8. nd Comms n t ar r Ur:d - do r1 Jl fold.
9. Send hl Jeremy Mont.ugu l'lckWiclRoad, Oulwich VUI!l e. London S21 T.fN.
NEX'r D'EAD'L[NE 2nd JULY. L le coolribuhons e n be ept w Dtildn. Abbolt.,
NRf, 18 MoorHdd R'o:J.d 1 'eal1Did9bli.1r)', l!lncbeste:r M20 8UY 1 who wiU fU !hem
ln up lo tb lE sL minute lf po a;ble.
10 In thtt Ln esL ar edy 11ommuni tion we d nnt under kP. alwa Lo ob e:r-vr
normal ,edUorlal etlquctLc . anlea!i ou e e fuHilly req\Jdl il 1t.b y ur conlrbutlon.
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