1

Thi
s booki
s speci
all
ydedi
cat
ed t
o myLat
e Mot
her
,
Fat
imat Ademi(
Oz
I
du Oz
Achi
);who f
oll
owi
ng her
l
egi
ti
mat
emar
ri
aget
omyLat
eFat
her
,SaniSar
kiAvaj
ara
(
Oz
Uka,Oz
Uhuo)
;gavebi
rt
htomeasl
egi
ti
mat
efi
rst
chi
l
d/sonandacar
boncopyofmybi
ologi
calf
ather
.

Onyi
amiavoo;kawei
mamioz
otat
ideEz
Uka

Fr
om t
hecr
adl
eofmyl
if
e,Iwasbr
oughtupt
obeGod
f
ear
ing,cour
ageousandt
rut
hful
;toseekknowl
edgeby
t
het
rut
handst
andf
ir
mlybyt
het
rut
haswel
last
hepat
h
oft
rut
handj
ust
ice;f
orAl
lahSWTst
andsbyt
hej
ust
!

2
Mayt
hei
rgent
lesoul
sresti
nPer
fectPeaceandMay
Al
lah(
SWT)gr
antt
hem Al
JannahFi
rdaus(
Ami
n).

Copyr
ight
@ Sar
kiI
dri
sEnesi

Apar
tfr
om anyf
airdeal
ingf
orpur
poseofpr
ivat
est
udy
orcr
it
ici
sm,nopor
ti
onoft
hisbookmayber
epr
oduced
by any pr
ocess what
soev
er wi
thout t
he wr
it
ten
per
missi
onoft
hecopy
rightowner
.

Fi
rstpubl
ished2017

Sponsor
edby:

Tr
aequi
pLt
d
3
5,BaguduWaziriRoad
Minna,NigerSt
ate.
Email:t
raequi
plt
d7@gmai
l.
com

EBI
RAHI
STORYATAGLANCE
(
1400t
oDat
e)

4
 Engr
.SARKII
DRI
SENESI
,B.
Eng(
Mech)
;MNSE
(
Agi
dimaOchi
nyagi
nyagiJr
.)

MARCH2017

CONTENTS
Acknowl
edgement i
Pr
eface.
..i
i
I
ntr
oduct
ion.
..1
Chapt
er1:PRECOLONI
ALHI
STORY
(
14001900) 5
Chapt
er2:BRI
TISHADMI
NISTRATI
ONI
N
EBI
RALAND(
19001960).13

5
Chapt
er3:POSTCOLONI
ALADMI
NISTRATI
ON
I
NEBI
RALAND(
19601996).
.20
3.
1:Ohi
noyi
Thr
one(
19601996).20
3.
2:Soci
oPol
it
icoEconomi
cDev
elopment
I
nEbi
ral
and(
19601996). 21
Chapt
er4:KOGISTATEPOLI
TYAND
CONTEMPORARYI
SSUESON
EBI
RACHI
EFTAI
NCI
ES.
.24
4.
1:Ohi
noyi
Thr
one(
19962016).24
4.
2:At
taDynast
yPr
oposi
ti
on(
2017).29
4.
3:Ohi
StoolAbr
ogat
ion(
2017) 30
4.
4Concl
usi
on.32

Acknowl
edgement

My i
mmeasur
abl
e gr
ati
tude goes t
o Al
might
y Al
lah
f
oll
owed by Ebi
ra Peopl
es Human Ri
ght
s Def
ence

6
(
EPHRD)and i
ts numer
ous member
s nat
ionwi
de
wor
ldwi
def
ort
hei
runt
ir
ingef
for
tst
osal
vaget
heover
onemi
ll
ion pr
esentEbi
ra peopl
eand gener
ati
onsyet
unbor
nfr
om ensl
avement
;comi
ngundert
hegui
seofa
dr
eam Ebi
ra Ki
ngdom i
nthe21stCent
ury(
undert
he
Ni
ger
ianPr
esi
dent
ialSyst
em)
.

Thesuppor
tsandencour
agement
sfr
om eachandever
y
memberofmyf
ami
lyar
eher
ebyappr
eci
ated;havi
ng
chosent
osacr
if
icecomf
ortandst
andf
ir
mlybymei
nthe
l
astt
went
y(20)year
soft
hest
ruggl
e.MayAl
lah(
SWT)
cont
inuet
oguar
dandgui
det
hem i
nal
lthei
rendeavour
s
(
Ami
n).

Engr
.SARKII
DRI
SENESI

7
 Pr
eface

My at
tent
ion has been dr
awn t
o a documentt
it
led,

REFORM OFEBI
RATRADI
TIONALI
NSTI
TUTI
ON
,dat
ed
1stFebr
uar
y2017(
Ref
:Annex
ureI
).TheAut
horoft
he

ghost
resol
uti
on 47/
135 of 18t
h December 1992
Ar
ti
cles2and4;emanat
ingf
rom a
ghost
or
gani
zat
ion
cal
ledEBI
RA PEOPLES I
NSTI
TUTE OF CULTURE AND
SOCI
ETY (
EPI
CS) can best be descr
ibed as an
i
gnor
amus,apuppet
,aboot
li
cker
,asychophantanda
st
ooge;whoi
soutonaser
vil
emi
ssi
onf
orhi
sPr
inci
pal
,
wi
thav
iew t
oensl
avi
ngt
heov
eronemi
l
lionpr
esent
Ebi
raPeopl
eandgener
ati
ons
yetunbor
n;i
nt s21st Cent
hi ury,undert
hegui
seofa
dr
eam Ebi
raKi
ngdom.I
sitnotsheerar
rogancef
orany

Tradi
ti
onalLeader
tor
egar
dhi
msel
fasa
Tradi
ti
onal
Rul
er
;usi
ngHi
s
RoyalMaj
est
y(HRM)i
nst
ead ofHi
s Roy
alHi
ghness

8
(
HRH)
;cal
li
nghi
msel
faMonar
chundert
heNi
ger
ian
Pr
esi
dent
ialSyst
em ofGover
nment
?Whatasel
f-
decei
t!
The Par
amountSt
oolofEbi
ral
and,as uphel
d byt
he
Supr
emeCour
t,

af
teral
lthei
rtr
icksandl
egalgymnast
ics,i
sOHI
NOYIOF
EBI
RALAND,asent
renchedi
nEdi
ctNo.3of1997,t
he
Ascensi
onmodal
it
ywhi
ch wasequal
lyuphel
dbyt
he
Supr
emeCour
tJudgmentof5t
hJune2015al
ongwi
th
AdoI
brahi
msAppoi
ntmentLet
terRef
:GHLK/
KGS/
28/
AD
of2ndJune1997;sequelt
oan18y
earl
egalt
ussl
e.
TheAut
hormusthavesuddenl
ywokenf
rom hi
sdeep
sl
umber
;nott
ohaveknownt
hatt
he
ghost
resol
uti
on
andAr
ti
clesof1992hav
ebeenover
takenbyevent
s.

I
tiswor
thyt
onot
ethatt
heAut
horoft
hesai
ddocument
i
swi
thi
ntentt
omi
sleadKogiSt
ateGover
nmentovera
casei
nwhi
cht
heGover
nmentwast
heDef
endantand
ot
her
sco-
joi
nedi
ntheSui
tthatwentf
rom Hi
ghCour
t
t
hrough Appeal Cour
t up t
o t
he Supr
eme Cour
t
(
SC:
99/
2009r
efer
s).Thesai
ddocumenti
sagr
andi
ose
9
desi
gnt
omi
sleadt
heyoungKogiSt
ateGover
nori
ntoan
act
iont
hati
stant
amountt
oupt
urni
ngt
heSupr
emeCour
t
Judgementof5th June2015;whi
chcoul
dcul
minat
eint
o
ci
vildi
sor
deri
nEbi
ral
and,
thehomeoft
hei
ncumbent
Gover
norandevenast
ateofEmer
gencyi
nKogiSt
ate
whi
chcoul
deasi
lybecashedi
nonbyhi
spol
it
ical
det
ract
orst
ofor
est
allEbi
ra Uni
ty and ul
ti
mat
ely hi
s
chanceofsecondt
enur
e.Godf
orbi
d!I
tmayal
soi
nter
est
t
heAut
hor
andt
hegener
alpubl
i
ctonot
ethatt
he
ObobanyiSt
ool

i
nthever
yPal
ace,
theaddr
essoft
hesai
ddocument
,has
beenr
otat
ed
bet
weendescendant
sofAt
ta and Ava SubCl
ansf
or
cent
uri
esandhaspassed t
hroughsever
alhousesi
n
EmaniCl
anbef
oret
hepr
esentl
ocat
ioni
nli
newi
thEbi
ra
Cust
om andt
radi
ti
on;whi
chi
stot
all
yatv
ari
ancewi
th
t
he suggest
ed Her
edi
tar
y Hypot
hesi
s or Dynast
ic
Concepti
nthedocumentunderr
efer
ence.Wer
ethest
ool
kepti
nthev
eryf
ir
stoccupant
shouseandpassedf
rom
f
athert
oson,onl
yGodknowsi
fthei
ncumbentwoul
dbe
anObobany
iatal
l!WhataMachi
avel
l
ianappr
oacht
o

10
dynast
ise Ebi
ral
and!
!A pl
oyt
o conquerEbi
ral
and by
decei
tf
ul met
hods and i
nfl
uence of gov
ernment
machi
ner
ies!
!!Hence t
he need t
o putEbi
ra Hi
stor
y
st
rai
ghtf
orpost
eri
ty,
hist
ori
ctr
uthandt
her
ecor
ds.

Engr
.SARKII
DRI
SENESI

I
ntr
oduct
ion

Hi
stor
yissi
mpl
ydef
inedast
hest
udyofpastevent
s;t
he
pr
esentbei
ngami
rr
orr
efl
ect
ionoft
hepastwhi
let
he
same pr
esentl
eads us f
urt
heri
ntot
he f
utur
e.The
soci
opol
i
ticoeconomi
cdev
elopmentofapeopl
eand
11
t
hei
renvi
ronmentdependssol
elyont
hei
rleader
s.I
tisno
gai
nsay
ingt
hatt
hehi
stor
yofapeopl
eisdependenton
t
hehi
stor
yoft
hei
rLeader
sandLeader
shi
pmet
hods.

Theper
spect
iveoft
hisst
udyofEbi
rahi
stor
yincl
udes
r
esear
ch i
nto t
he or
igi
n; mi
grat
ion(
s); causes of
mi
grat
ion(
s); mi
grat
ional r
out
es; war
s and t
he
chr
onol
ogyofmaj
orhi
stor
ici
alevent
swi
thcor
rectdat
ing.
A syst
emat
ic sci
ent
if
ic st
udy ofEbi
ra or
alt
radi
ti
ons
basedonAr
cheol
ogi
cal
,Ar
chi
val
,Ant
hropol
ogi
caland
Et
hnol
ogi
calf
indi
ngshascl
ear
lyr
eveal
edt
hehi
stor
yin
i
tspr
operper
spect
ive.Havi
ngnot
icedt
hatdat
esofpast
wor
ksofhi
stor
icanswer
eful
lofguesses,t
heGr
owt
h
Equat
ion y=Aet + B had t
o beder
ived and sol
ved t
o
det
ermi
net
heval
ueoft
ime,t=487asat1991;t
her
eby
sol
ving t
he chr
onol
ogi
calpr
obl
ems ofdat
ing.Ebi
ra
hi
stor
yist
her
efor
ebestst
udi
eddevoi
dofsent
iment
s
under t
he f
oll
owi
ng r
egi
mes: Pr
eCol
oni
al Per
iod
(
14001900)
; Col
oni
al Per
iod (
19001960)
;
Post
Col
oni
alPer
iod (
19601996)and Cont
empor
ary
12
I
ssues(
1996 t
o Dat
e)wi
th speci
alr
efer
encet
o Kogi
St
atePol
it
yandEbi
raChi
eft
ainci
es.

Ebi
ral
andwasneverconquer
edbyanyi
nvasi
on;noteven
t
h t
h
t
heBeni
nExpansi
oni
stWar
soft
he16 17 Cent
uri
es
t
h t
h
nort
heYor
ubaWar
soft
he1718 Cent
uri
es.Andt
he
t
h t
h
Nupe/
Ful
aniJi
had oft
he1819 Cent
uri
esf
ail
ed t
o
conquerEbi
raOpet
easst
atedi
ntheex
tractbel
ow(
Ref
:
Mi
chaelMa

Ason
no
t
as
bl
eeF
xo
cun
ept
idat
i
onton
ot o
hel
i
sf Bi
tofBd
i
da K
aco i
n
nq g
ued
stom pgs
wastheI gbi
rraofOkene.Whi
lethet
radingtownsof
7677)vi
z:
t
hei
rf el
low Igbi
rr
astot heNort
hhadf all
entoBida
and Nassarawa and t heirinhabitantst aken as
slaves,t
heIgbir
rasofOkenear eal argel
yr esisted
conquest.Thei
rsalvati
onwasi npar tduet ot he
rangeofsmallst
eepsi dedandst onyhi l
lsinwhi ch
theyhadmadet hei
rhomes.Her etheyconduct eda
defencesosuccessfult hattheybecamevi rtuall
y
i
mmov abl
ebyt heot herwiseirr
esisti
blef orcesof
Bida.

Alt
hough a numberofattempt
s were made to
penet
rat
ethei
rdef
encesandcapt
uret
hei
rdefences,

Thi
sist
he popul
ar
I
reku Anaj
inomohi
n Ebi
ra or
al
t
radi
ti
onswher
eOnukoko
sencomi
um,
OnukokoAj
aku
Jar
apa,Aj
i
nomoh Anebi
ra Ker
eker
e f
eat
ures most

13
pr
omi
nent
lyamongstot
hernot
abl
ewar
ri
orsl
ikeOt
ase,
Achegi
diOki
no,
Aje,
Any
ogoandot
her
sli
keAdanuj
u(An
Upopuv
ete)l
ivi
ng atAnyoke i
nthe nei
gbour
hood of
Onukoko (
Oz
Uka)
,the over
all War
lor
d. Hence t
he
sover
eignt
yofEbi
ral
andwasmai
ntai
nedal
lthr
oughunt
il
t
hecomi
ngoft
heBr
it
ishCol
oni
ali
sts(
19021903)
;who
had t
o ev
en use sophi
sti
cat
ed f
ir
ear
ms and bombs
bef
oret
heycoul
dsubduet
heEbi
raWar
ri
orsatOkehi
Hi
l
ls.

Whatal
egacyf
ort
hegener
ati
onofi
diot
swhodonot
knowt
hatpl
acesal
lov
ert
hewor
ldwher
eRul
i
ngHouses
exi
star
epl
acesconquer
edbyf
orei
gni
nvasi
onswher
eby
t
he conquer
ed nat
ives become subj
ect
s of t
hei
r
conquer
ors!Andt
odaypeopl
esuggest
ingsuchf
orEbi
ra
peopl
e;apeopl
eofuni
quehi
stor
yinNi
ger
iaasmetby
t
heBr
it
ish,ar
eindi
rect
lyagi
tat
ingf
orensl
avementofa
hi
ther
tof
reebor
n peopl
e ofr
oyaldescent
.Al
lEbi
ra
nat
ive Cl
ans ar
e RoyalorRul
ing Cl
ans.Hence our
Republ
ican nat
ureasevi
denced byt
hehi
stor
ybel
ow
14
(
Ref
:fi
gs.1and2)
;Ebi
raAr
eaTr
adi
ti
onalCounci
lbei
nga
Repr
esent
ati
veCounci
lforal
lnat
iveandset
tl
erCl
ansi
n
Ebi
ral
andwhi
chwasneveraKi
ngdom noranEmi
rat
ebut
cl
assi
fi
edasaNor
ther
nNi
ger
ianChi
efdom.Whydr
eam
ofanEbi
raKi
ngdom i
nthe21stCent
uryundert
heRepubl
ic
ofNi
ger
ia wi
th a Pr
esi
dent
ialSyst
em ofGover
nment
?
Today,t
he socal
led
Tradi
ti
onalRul
ers ar
e mer
ely

Tradi
ti
onalLeader
swi
th no const
it
uti
onalpower
sand
canonl
yadvi
segover
nmentwhencal
ledupont
odoso.

I
nEbi
ral
and,
Otar
uSt
ool
sar
e Tr
adi
ti
onalCl
anSt
ool
s
wi
thoutdomai
ns whi
le
Ohi
noy
iand
Ohi
St
ool
s ar
e
St
atut
orySt
ool
swi
thdomai
ns.Anyat
temptt
orewr
it
e
Ebi
raHi
stor
ywi
thf
orgeddomai
nsf
orCl
anChi
efswi
ll
al
ways meetwi
th st
if
fresi
stances.Fort
he sake of
cl
ari
ty,i
nEbi
ral
andwehav
eAsemaUpopuvet
eofAdavi
,
AsemaUkaofAdavi
,AsemaAni
kuofAdav
iont
hesame
t
radi
ti
onalpedest
als wi
th ObobanyiEmaniofI
hima,
ObobanyiOhuet
a ofI
hima and ObobanyiOhi
onwa of
I
hima;depi
cti
ngt
hem cl
ear
lyasr
espect
iveCl
anChi
efsi
n

15
t
hei
rrespect
ivedi
str
ict
sbecausenosi
ngl
eCl
anChi
ef
hasaut
hor
it
ati
vecont
roloft
hedi
str
ictt
houghseni
ori
ty
i
s r
espect
ed. And i
n some cases t
her
e ar
e
under
standi
ngsbet
weent
woormor
ecl
anst
orot
ateone
st
oolsuchast
heAdei
kaSt
ooli
nEi
ka,Ohi
ndaseSt
ooli
n
OkengweandAdoguSt
ooli
nEganyif
orobvi
ousr
easons.
Theseshoul
dnotbemi
sconst
ruedasdomai
ns!Pl
ease
f
indbel
owEBI
RAHI
STORYATAGLANCE(
1400t
oDat
e);
f
ort
hesakeofhi
stor
ict
rut
h,post
eri
tyandt
her
ecor
ds.

CHAPTERONE

1.PRECOLONI
ALHI
STORY(
1400-
1900)

ANEGBURA(
asanswer
edbyEgbur
aIgu,Egbur
aPanda,
Egbur
aOj
eandEgbur
aMozum)andi
tssynony
m
ANEBI
RA (
asanswer
edbyEbi
raOpet
eandEt
uno)ar
e
cor
rupt
edpr
onunci
ati
onsofANEBURAKwhi
chmeans

16

Peopl
efr
om Bur
ak
;Bur
akbei
ngar
angeofhi
ll
ssi
tuat
ed
i
ntheUpperGongol
aRegi
onoft
heol
dApaKi
ngdom
oft
heJukunswhosef
ir
stf
iveset
tl
ement
swer
ePi
ndi
ga,
Panda,
Gwona,
Biy
rir
i,andKona;Bi
yri
ri(
nowBi
li
ri
)bei
ng
t
he f
ir
st capi
tal whi
ch was l
ater mov
ed t
o Bepi
(
nicknamedKwar
araf
a
byt
he Hausas)asa r
esul
toft
he combi
ned I
slami
c
I
nvasi
ons f
rom Ngazar
gamu i
n Bor
no vi
a Panda
(
1380-
90)and f
rom Hausal
and v
ia Pi
ndi
ga (
1385-
95)
.
Becauseoft
hedi
ff
icul
tter
rai
nsoft
heUpperGongol
athe
I
ukunswer
e,pr
iort
othesecombi
nedI
nvasi
ons,r
ather
i
mpenet
rabl
e; shr
ouded wi
th f
eti
sh r
it
ual
s. They
t
err
ori
sed Hausal
and and Bor
no whi
ch had j
ust
separ
atedf
rom t
heKanem-
Bor
noEmpi
ref
oll
owi
ngt
he
Bul
alaI
nvasi
onof1380.TheJukunsofApaKi
ngdom
wer
ether
efor
eregar
ded as Pagans and had t
o be
subduedbycombi
nedI
slami
cInvasi
ons.I
twassequelt
o
t
hese14t
hCent
uryI
nvasi
onsofApaKi
ngdom t
hatAbut
u
Ej
eled t
he mi
grat
ion outof Bur
ak Hi
ll
s c.1400;
soj
our
nedi
nPuj
eti
llc.1460andhadt
omi
grat
ewi
thhi
s
l
oyal
ist
stoAgat
uc.1460-
62asar
esul
tof
AKUUKA

17
chi
eft
aincyt
ussl
ebet
weenhi
m andhi
shal
f-
brot
her
,
Agbu Kenj
o;who was f
avour
ed by t
he Ki
ng Maker
s
becausehewasbor
nbyaJukunmot
heri
ntot
heRoyal
Housewhi
leAbut
uEj
ewasbor
nbyanI
domamot
her
i
ntot
heRoyalHouse.HenceAgbuKenj
owasr
egar
ded
aspur
eJukunwhi
leAbut
uEj
e
whowasdi
scr
imi
nat
edagai
nstbecauseoft
heI
doma
mot
her
,inpr
otest
,lef
tPuj
e(now Wukar
i)t
oAgat
u(an
I
domaSet
tl
ement
ofhi
smat
ernalki
nsmeni
nthenei
ghbour
hoodofot
her
ki
ths
andki
nsatOgam,Obangede,Oshi
gbuduandUmogi
di)
i
ntoday
sBenueSt
ate.I
nthet
henBenueRegi
onoft
he
15t
hCent
ury,Bur
akemi
grant
sbecameani
dent
if
iabl
e
ent
it
y as ANEBURAK (
Peopl
efr
om Bur
ak
)buton
hi
stor
icalr
ecor
ds
asEgbur
aorEgbi
raorI
gbi
rr
a;t
henamewi
thwhi
cht
hey
wer
ecal
ledatAdusequelt
othec.1462mi
grat
ionf
rom
Agat
uaf
tert
heAwur
uBat
tl
eatAgat
uwher
eAbut
uEj
e,
t
heLeader
,waski
ll
edbyt
heJukunwar
ri
orsdespat
ched
byAgbuKenj
oonascensi
ont
otheAKUUKAt
hrone.The
mi
grat
iont
oAdu(
lat
err
enamedI
daabutnow cal
led

18
I
dah)wasl
edbyAbut
uEj
e
sdaught
er,
Ebel
eEj
aunu(
now
pr
onouncedasEbel
ejonu)whoact
ual
lyf
oundedt
heAt
a
Dynast
y;awomanwhot
ookt
het
it
le
Atawhi
chmeans

Fat
her
inJukuni
nreal
izat
ionofherr
oleasaRoyal
Fat
her
.Sheal
sor
enamedAduasI
daabecausei
twas
t
hen a set
tl
ementon a cl
if
fas t
he name connot
es;
f
oll
owi
ng t
he Chi
eft
aincy/
Adu set
tl
ement
s owner
shi
p
t
ussl
es

19
20
t
hatendedi
ntheor
acl
echoosi
ngEbel
eEj
aunu,t
hewi
fe
ofOmeppa,t
heOchiAdu;r
eject
ingbot
htheOchiAduof
t
heOkpot
oandt
heAsi
waj
uoft
heYor
uba(
Emi
grant
s
f
rom AdoEki
ti
).Thedi
sput
eovert
henames
Aduand

Adohadt
obeset
tl
edwi
tht
henew nameI
daa(
today
pr
onouncedas
Idah
).Ebel
eEj
aunudi
edchi
ldl
essand
t
heor
acl
echoseher
successor
,Agenepuj
e(her br
other bor
n dur
ing t
he
soj
our
n at Puj
e as name connot
es) but t
oday
21
pr
onouncedasAgenapoj
e.Agenepuj
eint
hey
ear1516
(
dur
ingt
her
eignofObaEsi
gie)want
edt
oexpandt
he
Ki
ngdom;sentwar
ri
ors acr
oss t ver Ni
he Ri gervi
a
Agenebodeandwentasf
arast
hegat
esofBeni
nCi
ty
bef
ore t
hey wer
e dr
iven back. Agenepuj
e was
succeededbyhi
ssonI
doko;whoi
nhi
sbi
dtouni
tet
he
t
hree et
hni
c gr
oups t
hen co-
inhabi
ti
ng I
daamar
ri
ed
t
hreewi
ves;onef
rom each gr
oup-
Iye(
Yor
uba)
,Agye
(
Okpot
o)andUpai(
Igbi
rr
a).Usi
ngt
het
henConsangui
nit
y
Theor
em:
-
mar
ri
ed son
a.I
doko(I
gbi
rr
a) + Upai(
Igbi
rr
a) It
aazi
At
tanuj
e

(
Igbi
rr
ai
gbi
rr
a)

mar
ri
ed son
b.I
doko(I
gbi
rr
a) + Agy
e(Okpot
o) Ohi
miOzi
Agye

(
Igbi
rr
aOkpot
o)
mar
ri
ed son
c.I
doko(
Igbi
rr
a) +Iye(
Yor
uba) Ay egbaOm
I
doko
(
Igar
a)

22
Ayegbaast
heel
destsonsucceededI
dokoast
he4t
h
At
a;popul
arl
ycal
ledOm
I
doko.Hi
styr
anni
calpost
ure
made t
he t
hree hal
f-
brot
her
sto par
tways c.1550;
shar
ingt
heRoyalCost
umes.Ayegbat
ookt
het
it
leAt
a
andt
hest
ool
;Ohi
mit
ookt Agi
he diboOhi
kuwhi
le
I
taaziAt
tanuj
etook t I
he r
apa Ekuuba(
the Roy
al
Masquer
ade)
.Whata peacef
ulpar
ti
ng ofways,f
rom
I
daa
RoyalHouseandasymbolofsov
erei
gnt
ytoo!

I
tiswor
thyofment
iont
hatOhi
mi(
afi
sher
man)andhi
s
par
tywentupst
ream t
heRi
verNi
gert
oIguUgbakaand
set
tedandt
l heybecameknownasEgbur
aIguwhi
l
e
I
taaziAt
tanuj
e
(
afar
merandhunt
er)andhi
spar
tycr
ossedt
heNi
gerup
t
oOpet
eHi
llandt
heybecameknownasEbi
raOpet
e;
I
gugu(
shor
tenedasI
gu)means
seat
inOkpot
odi
alect
ofI
doma,whi
l
eOpet
einar
chai
cEbi
rameans
ori
ginal

,

seat
andeven
myst
ics
dependi
ngont
hewayi
tisused.
Ohi
mi,af
terset
tl
ingdown,atI
guwant
edt
otaket
het
it
le,

Atawhi
chAkumabi
,theSuccessorofAyegba,opposed
st
rongl
yandevenwagedwaragai
nstI
guwhi
chmade

23
hi
mtot
aket
het
it
le
Ohi
miAgy
e(
now r
efer
redt
oas
Ohi
mege)
.WhenOhi
midi
ed,
successi
ont
ussl
eledt
othe
di
sint
egr
ati
onofI
guandagr
oupl
edbyI
nyankaf
ounded
Umai
sha wher
e her son,Negedu,became t
he 1st
Ohi
megePandawhi
let
hef
act
ionl
efti
nIgut
ookt
het
it
le
Ohi
megeI
guwhi
chi
snow r
otat
edbet
weent
wor
uli
ng
bl
ocks(
madeupofdescendant
sofOdakiandUkwo)
.
TheFul
anij
ihadl
edbyMakamaDogof
rom Nassar
awac.
1845br
oughtf
urt
herdi
sint
egr
ati
onandt
hef
oundi
ngof
Ohi
megeOj
eSt
oolatTot
owhi
let
hoset
akenassl
avest
o
Nassar
awa came underNassar
awa Suzer
aint
y.The
gr
oupwhi
chcr
ossedf
rom Umai
shat
otheEast
ernBank
oft
heBenueRi
verbecameknownasEgbur
aMozum (
in
t
oday
sBassaLGA)KogiSt
ate;l
eadi
ngt
otheOhi
ogba
Mozum st
ool
.

Toaver
tdi
sint
egr
ati
onandi
tsadver
seconsequences,
I
taaziAt
tanuj
eandhi
sdescendant
sconcent
rat
edmor
e
i
nthedef
ence
oft
hei
rfr
ont
ier
sagai
nstf
orei
gni
nvasi
ons;wi
thspeci
al
mi
li
tar
ytact
icsofhi
l
lt
opdwel
li
nganduseofspeci
all
y
24
poi
sonedar
rows;keepi
ngchi
eft
ainci
esi
nabeyancet
il
lc.
1590whent
hepopul
ati
onhadgr
ownt
oanappr
eci
abl
e
si
ze;whenceI
taaziAt
tanuj
e,f
eel
ingsat
isf
iedwi
tht
he
mul
ti
tudeofhi
sdescendant
s,r
emar
kedt Eziyi
hus: o,
Ot
auur
u;f
rom whi
ch heder
ived t
het
it
l Ot
e ar
u.He
or
der
edhunt
ingexpedi
ti
onssequelt
owhi
chhecol
lect
ed
si
x(6)buf
fal
otai
ls,
OmuEya
;ther
eaf
terdeci
dedand
i
nst
all
edeachoft
hef
ive(
5)sons,namel
y:-Adavi
ri
ku
(
Ehi
nkot
o),Uga,Obaj
i
,OdodoandOno
otu(
Ihi
ma)as

Otar
u; di
rect
ing t
hat each shoul
d r
ule hi
s
descendant
sindependent
lyandt
hateachbesal
uted

taar
u.Hence t
he est
abl
ishmentoft
he
Otar
u
Chi
eft
aincysyst
em i
n Ebi
ral
and;a t
otaldepar
tur
e
f
rom t
he syst
em l
eft behi
nd i
nIdaaand t
he
chi
eft
aincysyst
em i
nIgu.Andi
nappr
eci
ati
onoft
he
br
aver
yofOdoh,t
het
hir
dsonofUga,whowentt
o

Etunoasashepher
dandl
aterconquer
edt
henat
ives,
Ani
vaandAnaf
ua,Odohwasi
nvi
tedf
rom Et
unoandwas
al
socr
ownedas
Otar
uandwasdi
rect
edt
orul
ethe
conquer
edt
err
it
oryasOt
aru.Hencet
heest
abl
ishmentof

25
t
he
Otar
ust
ooli
nEt
uno(
today
sI
gar
ra)
;I
gar
rawhi
ch
means
co-
inhabi
tat
ion
;fol
lowi
ngmi
grat
ionsofot
her
Ebi
raCl
ansi
ntot
hear
eaf
orgr
eener
past
ures;hencet
hest
ooli
sonl
yrot
atedamongstt
he
di
rectdescendant
s ofEzu compr
isi
ng Eshi
niAgada,
Eshi
niOgu,Eshi
niAvaka,AndaEdeandAndaI
baf
or
obvi
ousr
easons.

Ther
efor
eitwast
his
Otar
uChi
eft
aincysyst
em t
hatwasi
n
usei
nEbi
ral
andast
radi
ti
onalGover
nment(
forover300
year
s)bef
oret
he comi
ng oft
he Br
it
ish who i
nthei
r
desper
atebi
dtoest
abl
ishCent
ralAdmi
nist
rat
ionhadt
oset
asi
det
heseCl
anChi
efs,
the
Otar
usandi
nst
all
edaDi
str
ict
Headi
nst
ead;l
aterupgr
adedt
o3r
dCl
assChi
efet
c.Butj
ust
bef
oret
hecomi
ngoft
heBr
it
ishcol
oni
ali
stst
oEbi
ral
and
t
owar he3rd quar
dst t he19th Cent
eroft ury,coi
nci
dingwi
th
t
her
eignofAt
tahAmochej
e,t ewasanout
her breakof
smal
lpoxepi
demi OgaAt
cs tai
nIdaawhi
chr
esul
ted
i
ntot
hedeat
hofmanyofAda
aiOmenesa
smat
ernal
ki
nsmeni
nAt
tah
sPal
ace.Thesai
dOmenesa,
theSonof
Ada
aiOt
adaofI
ri
ku Subcl
an ofEziOnoko Cl
an of

26
Egany
i,wasbor
nbyanI
daa
Pr
incess
,oneoft
hewi
ves
ofOt
ada popul
arl
yref
err
ed t
o as
Ani
gar
aj
ustl
i
ke

Anokunchi
hi
sot
herwi
fe.Thesai
dAni
gar
awast
he
daught
erof

Awur
uAki
ko
,thebr
otherofOchej
eOnokpawhobel
onged
t
o t
he
Akumabi Rul
ing Li
neage r
egar
ded as

AjuAkumabi

or
AjuAku(
shor
tenedasAj
aku)
.Ther
efor
e,t
hesai
d
Omenesawassi
mpl
yamat
ernalgr
andsonofAkumabi
Rul
ing Li
neage ofAt
aI
dah;hence t
he pet
name,
Aji
,
gi
ven
t
ohi smat
m byhi ernalki
nsmeni
nIdaaPal
ace;whi
ch
si
mpl
y
means
Azi
inEbi
rabutpopul
arl
yknownasOmenesa
al
ias
Aji
gar
abackhomeatEgany
i.Dur
ingav
isi
ttohi
s
mat
ernalki
nsmen att
he sai
d per
iod ofsmal
lpox
epi
demi
cs,hesympat
hised wi
tht
hem and asa t
hen
el
der
lyHer
bal
ist
,hepr
off
eredsol
uti
ont
hatl
edt
othe
t
otaler
adi
cat
ion oft
he epi
demi
cs and as a f
orm of
appr
eci
ati
on,t
heRoyalPal
acedeci
dedt
ohonourhi
m
wi
thaRoyalGi
f,
t I
rapaI
bagi
cont
aini
ngmasquer
ade

27
cost
umes,EkuI
bagi
.

Dur
ing t
he Pal
ace Cer
emony El
der Omenesa was
i
ntr
oducedas:

Ata
aiAj
iva
ajiAwur
uAki
ko,
AjakuOnokpa.Ango
i
nI
gar
a,
thePal
acel
anguagewhi
chwaswi
del
yspoken
t
hen;as di
ff
erent
iat
ed f
rom
I
gal
a,t
he l
ingua f
ranca,
gener
all
yspokenbyt
hesubj
ect
sandot
her
s.
I
gar
ai
san
ar
chai
cfor
m ofmoder
nEbi
rawhi
chhast
obedecodedi
n
or
dert
o know i
tsor
igi
nalmeani
ng.Hencet
heabove
expr
essi
ont
ransl
atest
o:

Ada
aiAj
igar
a va
aziAwur
u Aki
ko i
nohuoj
e Ohi
noyi
Onopa.Ango

whi
chmeans:

ElderAj
igar
aisagr
andsonofAwur
uAki
koi
ntheRoy
al
HouseofOnopa.Ango
.

Ata
ai(
Igar
a)i
sequi
val
entt
oAt
tai
(I
gal
a)or
Ada
ai
(
Ebi
ra)whi
chmeans
Elder
whi
le
Ango
inJukunmeans
Gr
andson;usedher
easaPal
aceappl
auset
omean
Oh!
Gr
andsonandt
odayt
heEbi
rashav
esocor
rupt
edt
he
28
sai
dencomi
um andhasr
econf
igur
edi
tasacognomen,

Att
a Aj
i
vaj
awur
u Aki
ko, Aj
aku Enepago
;ther
eby
di
stor
ti
ngt
heor
igi
nalmeani
ngandi
tisnow bei
ngused
t
obl
i
ndf
oldori
nti
midat
ethey
oungergener
ati
onoft
oday.
Whatamer
eint
roduct
iont
hen!And
Att
ai
snowf
alsel
y
cl
aimedasPar
amountTi
tl
einEbi
ral
and?Whatapl
oyby
agl
ari
ngl
ynonr
elat
ionofAwur
uAki
koand/
orOnokpa!

CHAPTERTWO

2.BRI
TISH ADMI
NISTRATI
ON I
N EBI
RALAND( :I
190060) n
st
ri
ctcompl
iancewi
thdi
rect
ivesoft
hef
oundi
ngFat
her
andAncest
orofEbi
ral
and,t
heOt
aruChi
eft
aincywasen
f
orce whi
ch r
esul
ted i
nto f
ive i
ndependent Cl
an
Gr
oupi
ngs and Eganyi
.The comi
ng of t
he Br
it
ish
Col
oni
ali
sts met t
his scenar
io wi
th t
he f
oll
owi
ng
popul
ati
onst
ati
sti
cs:

29
Ref
.:
Not
esont
heSar
aut
aofI
gbi
rr
aDi
str
ictandi
ts
Admi
nist
rat
ion
: Okengwe 32,
000
I
hima 14,
000
I
ka(
Eika) 17,
000
Odabe(
Adavi
) 27,
000
Not
es: (
i)Okehi(
qui
tesmal
landi
nsi
gni
fi
cant
;hencei
tbecame
mer
ged
wi
thEi
ka)
(
ii
)Eganyibei
ng t
reat
ed asasepar
atecommuni
tynot
connect
ed
wi
tht
he ot
heraf
orement
ioned I
gbi
rr
a gr
oups wi
th
popul
ati
on
of10,
000peopl
e.

TheBr
it
ishCol
oni
ali
stscamei
ntoEbi
ral
andi
nfor
m ofmi
li
tar
y
r
aids f
ir
stl
ed byMaj
orMar
sh (
1902)and f
inal
l
ybyCol
.
Beddoes(
1903)
;usi
ngsophi
sti
cat
edf
ir
ear
ms;i
ncl
udi
ngt
he
bombi
ngofOkehiHi
ll
stosuppr
esst
hest
if
fresi
stancesf
rom
Ebi
ra War
ri
ors.The Par
amountSt
oolt
hen r
efer
red t
o as

Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
aTr
ibewasest
abl
ishedby
War
rant
dur
ing
t
hecol
oni
aler
athr
ought
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
ocessvi
z:
Dat
e Event
s Remar
ks
19031909 Appoi
ntment
s of War
d Agent
s The posi
ti
on ofChai
rman
namel
yOwudaAdi
di(
Obangede)
; Judi
cial Counci
l ear
ned

30
 Ozi
gizi
gi Opo (
Obehi
ra/
Okene)
; Ohi
ndase Avogude t
he
Audu Osuwa (
Adavi
); Opat
a encomi
um
Ohi
ndase The
(
Ihi
ma)andAt
taOmadi
vi(
Okene) Gr
eat
;Ohi
ndase Avogude
whower
eaut
onomousmember
s bei
ngOzi
Omavi
.
ofaJudi
cialCounci
lheadedby
Ohi
ndaseAvogude(
Chai
rman)
.
19091911 Ohi
ndaseAvogudedi
edandAt
ta At
ta Omadi
vi and Agi
di
Omadi
vi was made Act
ing Ukakobei
ngEziOgu.
Chai
rmanoft
heJudi
cialCounci
l
whi
leAgi
diUkakowasappoi
nted
asamember
.
19111913 Adano Ar
udi(
OziOmoye)was TheLeader
shi
ptussl
e
i
nst
all
ed as Ohi
ndase and At
ta bet
weenOguandOmoye
Omadi
vihad t
orel
inqui
sh hi
s Cl
ansst
emmedupf
rom
Act
ingChai
rmanshi
pposi
ti
ont
o t
hisper
iodwhi
chf
inal
ly
Ohi
ndase Adano Ar
udi
;posi
ti
on cul
minat
edi
ntot
he
hel
d t
il
l 1913 when he was pol
i
ticocul
tur
al
r
emov
ed as Chai
rman Judi
cial di
mensi
onsoft
oday.
Counci
lsequelt
o whi
ch At
ta
Omadi
viwasr
eappoi
ntedbutas
Nomi
nalDi
str
ictHead.
At
ta Omadi
vi was Nomi
nal The quest
ion of
19131917 Di
str
ictHead unt
ilhi
s deat
hin Subst
ant
ive Di
str
ictHead
1917;t
he posi
ti
on er
roneousl
y wasst
il
linabeyanceasat
cal
ledPar
amountRul
erbysome 1915 as t
her
e was no

31
 f
oregocent
ri
creasons Tr
easur
y unt
il1917 when
I
gbi
rr
aDi
str
ictwascr
eat
ed.
19171923 With t he cr eati
on of I gbirra On 23r d January, 1918
Districtt he Subst ant i
ve Distr
ict Ibrahim Onor uoiza was
Headposi ti
onwast hrownopen appoi nted as t he Fi rst
forcont estand Ohi ndaseAr udi Distri
ctHead;backedupby
Adano was agai n appoi nt
ed by gov ernmenttosuppr essall
thepeopl ebuti nNovember ,1917 upr i
sings agai nst hi s
he was agai n r emoved on appoi ntment.
account of al l
eged tax
Andf ollowi
nghi sdy namic
misappr opri
at i
on. I n t he nex t
performances he was
contest ,OzigizigiOpoofObehi ra
promot edto3rd ClassChief
was r ecommended but l ater
i
n 1923 and gi ven
dropped i nf avourof I brahim(1)
appointmentas Chiefof
Chogudo Onor uoi
zawho wasa
Igbir
ra Tr be (3) but
i
mat ernal gr andson of At ta
attemptedt ouse Attaas
Omadi vi;af or mert axagentand
his tit
le whi ch Ezi Ogu
i
nter preteront hest rengthofhi s
refused; leading t o hi s
personalchar acter(2)
mov ementf r
om OkeneEba.

FootNot
es:

1. The Di
str
ictHead,I
brahi
ma has no her
edi
tar
y cl
aim t
o be
Par
amountChi
ef of I
gbi
rr
a Tr
ibe.Hi
s gr
andf
ather
,Omadi
bi
conduct
ednegot
iat
ionatOkenewi
tht
heMi
li
tar
yPat
rol.
.(Ref
:
Par
a1,
Not
esonSar
aut
aofI
gbi
rr
aDi
str
ict
).
2. Ihavef
oundhi
mingr
eatusei
ndeal
ingwi
tht
heI
gbi
rr
awhot
rust
hi
m andhehast
omyknowl
edger
efusedbr
ibesandhasbeen
i
nst
rument
alt
obr
ingi
ngext
ort
ionandot
heri
ntr
iguest
oli
ght
.(Ref
:
Capt
.ByngHal
lInt
ell
igenceRepor
t1917)
3. I
nIgbi
rr
aDi
visi
on,t
he
Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
ai
sSol
eN.A.Hei
snota

32
 Tr
adi
ti
onalChi
ef;bei
ngt
hef
ir
stt
obeappoi
nted;unt
il1917t
he
ar
eawasr
uledbyf
ivei
ndependentCl
anHeads.(
Ref
:Lor
dHai
ley
s
Nat
iveAdmi
nist
rat
ioni
nBr
it
ishAf
ri
canTer
ri
tor
iesPar
tII
I1920)
.

As Chi
efi
nCounci
lofI
gbi
rr
a Nat
iveAut
hor
it
y(I
NA)
t he Cl
hen under t i
ffor
d Const
it
uti
on
s t
wot
ier
gover
nment
,byt
he end of1922 t
he Const
ruct
ion of
Okene Lokoj
a and Okene Aj
aokut
aroads wer
e
compl
etedbyt
heNat
iveAut
hor
it
y;t
her
ebyopeni
ngt
he
ar
ea f
ordevel
opment
;whi
ch act
ual
ly enhanced t
he
pr
omot
ionofI
brahi
m Onor
uoi
zaf
rom Di
str
ictHeadt
o
3r
d Cl
assChi
efand he became t
he Fi
rstPar
amount
Rul
ert
it
led
Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
aTr
ibeami
dstpr
otest
sfr
om
Ebi
rapeopl
ebecauseofhi
styr
anni
calpost
ureandst
yle
oft
axcol
l
ect
ion.Theper
iod192226wi
tnessedal
otof
cr
ises;r
esul
ti
ngi
ntheAr
net
tCommi
ssi
onof1924,
Cour
t
casesandhewasev
enf
ined.Al
lthesenot
wit
hst
andi
ng,
hewasagai
npr
omot
edt
o2ndCl
assChi
efi
n1926.He
per
for
medt
he1929/
30Haj
j;sequelt
owhi
chhebui
l
tthe
OkeneCent
ralMosquewhi
lehi
s1930/
31v
isi
ttoLondon
r
esul
ted i
n bankaccounthe opened i
nthe name of
33
I
gbi
rr
a Nat
ive Aut
hor
it
y(t
hough he was t
he Sol
e
Si
gnat
ory)
.Andi
n1934t
heConst
ruct
ionofOkeneWat
er
Wor
ksst
art
ed(
thoughi
twasbyDi
rectLabour
)al
ongsi
de
t
hepr
ovi
sionofOkeneCemet
arywhi
chwer
ecompl
eted
and commi
ssi
oned i
n 1937.And t
he per
iod 1939/
40
wi
tnessedt
heJudi
cialCommi
ssi
ont
oresol
veHuman
Ri
ght
sAbusessuchas
snat
chi
ngandr
api
ngofpeopl
es
wi
ves;pr
egnantwomeni
ncl
usi
ve
.

I heRi
n1946,t char
dConst
it
uti
oncamei
ntobei
ngand
t
he 1947 Judi
cial Ref
orm br
ought i
n t
he
Chi
efandCounci
l Syst
em wi
th chi
efs power
s
dr
ast
ical
lyr
educedwher
einAl
haj
iIbr
ahi
m At
taf
ound
hi
msel
fout
wi
tt
edonmanyi
ssues;i
ncl
udi
ngcont
inued
gr
ossHumanRi
ght
svi
olat
ionsandt
axat
ionofwomen
(
thet
axeswhi
ch wer
eal
legedl
ydi
ver
ted f
orper
sonal
use)wi
that
tendantoppr
essi
onofEbi
ramassesi
nal
l
r
ami
fi
cat
ionswhi
chmadehi
mfal
loutcompl
etel
ywi
th
t
heEbi
rasundert
heaegi
sofI
gbi
rr
aTr
ibalUni
on(
ITU)
andt
hiscul
minat
edi
nthe1951Revol
uti
on(
Ref
:West
Af
ri
canPi
lot
,18t
hSept
ember
,1951)whi
chwasf
oll
owed
by1952el
ect
ionsdur
ingwhi
cht
heI
TUsweptt
hepol
lsi
n

34
t
hel
ocalel
ect
i he Macpher
onundert sonConst
it
uti
on.
Butt
he
Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
adi
dnott
akei
ntocogni
sance
al
ltheseconst
it
uti
onalchangesandcont
inuedr
uli
ng
asSol
eNat
iveAut
hor
it
y;hencehef
inal
l
yfel
loutwi
th
t
heBr
it
ishGover heLyt
nmentundert tl
etonConst
it
uti
on
of1954.He was advi
sed t
oresi
gn by Si
rBr
yan
Shar
woodSmi
thbecausehi
sconducti
ncounci
lwas
i
nimi
calt
otheGover
norofNor
ther
nRegi
onofNi
ger
ia;
par
ti
cul
arl
ywi
thsever
alal
legat
ionspr
ovedagai
nsthi
m
byt
heI
TU.Al
haj
iIbr
ahi
m Onor
uoi
zaAt
tahadt
oabdi
cat
e
t
heThr
oneof efofI
Chi gbi
rr
aTr
ibei
n1954andwas
of
fi
cial
ly ex
il
ed i
n 1956. And on 1st June 1956,
Muhammed Sanni Omol
oriwas appoi
nted,by Ebi
ra
e,t
Peopl ooccupyt
hevacantst
oolof
Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
a
Tr
ibe
;asgazzet
tedvi
deNor
ther
nRegi
onofNi
ger
iaNot
ice
379,Gazzet
teNo.27Vol
.5of14t
hJune,1956pg211.
Andbyt
heendoft
hesameyear1956,t
heEbi
rasvi
dea
Ref
erendum changed t
he Ti
tl
eto
Ohi
noyiofI
gbi
rr
a
f
rom
Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
awhi
ch wasgazzet
ted i
n 1963;
car
ri
ed ov
er t
o Kwar
a St
ate wher
ein 1972 Al
haj
i
MuhammaduSaniOmol
oriwaspr
omot
edt
oFi
rstCl
ass
Chi
efas
Ohi
noyiofEbi
ral
andandVi
ceChai
rman
35
Kwar
aSt
ateCounci
lofChi
efs.

I
nsummar
y,t
heper
iod(
19171956)i
sbestdescr
ibed
ast
heDawnofWest
ernCi
vil
izat
ionandEducat
ioni
n
Ebi
ral
and,undert
hel
eader
shi
poft
he
Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
a,
HRH Al
haj
iIbr
ahi
m Onor
uoi
za At
ta;t
he Ol
igar
chi
cal
cl
ass bei
ng t
he maj
orbenef
ici
ari
es oft
he economy.
I
nit
ial
lyt
heyf
ormedanonpol
i
ticalor
gani
sat
ion,I
gbi
rr
a
Pr
ogr
essi
veUni
on(
IPU)whi
chl
aterbecameapol
it
ical
gr
oupandt
hei
rexcesseshadt
obecheckmat
edbyt
he
f
ormat
ionofI
gbi
rr
aTr
ibalUni
on(
ITU)whi
chal
sost
art
ed
asanonpol
it
icalor
gansi
ati
ont
hatl
aterbecameaver
y
st
rongpol
it
icalgr
oup;bot
hIPUandI
TUbei
ngf
act
ionsof
t
he Nor
ther
n Peopl
es Congr
ess (
NPC)back home i
n
Ebi
ral
and.Thesoci
oeconomi
cachi
evement
sdur
ingt
he
sai
dper
iodhavebeenhi
ghl
i
ght
edear
li
er;occasi
onedby
gr
oss Human Ri
ght
s Vi
olat
ions whi
ch t
he f
ir
stEbi
ra
HumanRi
ght
sAct
ivi
stsl
ikeAdamuAr
imo(
OziUr
e)of
UmenesiI
hima;Davi
dEnewoofI
himaandJosephAl
iu
ofEi
ka(
bot
hbasedi
nBur
utuhadt
oappearbef
oret
he
Ar
net
tCommi
ssi
onofI
nqui
ryagai
nstI
brahi
m Onor
uoi
za

36
i
n1924whi
ch cul
minat
edi
nthel
att
erbei
ng f
inedi
n
cour
t;f
oll
owedby1939Judi
cialCommi
ssi
onandf
inal
ly
1951 Rev
olut
ion whi
ch cul
minat
ed i
nIbr
ahi
m At
ta
abdi
cat
ingt
heSt
oolof
Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
aTr
ibei
n1954
and he was f
inal
ly exi
l
ed i
n 1956; f
oll
owed by
MuhammedSaniOmol
ori

sascensi
ont
othet
hrone,
also
st
as
Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
aTr
ibeon1 June1956;l
ater
Ohi
noyi
ofI
gbi
rr
awhi
chusher
edEbi
ral
andaspar
tofKabba
Pr
ovi
nceofNor
ther
nRegi
onofNi
ger
iaatI
ndependence
on 1st Oct
ober 1960. Hence t
he Post
Col
oni
al
Admi
nist
rat
ioni
nEbi
ral
and(
19601996)wasal
lwi
thi
n
t
her
eignofHRH Al
haj
iMuhammedSaniOmol
ori
,the
Ohi
noyi
ofEbi
ral
and.

37
 CHAPTERTHREE

3. POSTCOLONI
ALADMI
NISTRATI
ONI
N
EBI
RALAND(
19601996)

3.
1 Ohi
noy
iThr
one (
19601996)
:The ci
rcumst
ances
l
eadi
ngt
otheest
abl
ishmentoft
heSt
oolknownt
odayas

OHI
NOYIOF EBI
RALAND
;hav
e been summar
ized
ear
li
er;aSt
oolcr
eat
edbyWar
rantas
Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
a
Tr
ibewi
tht
hef
ir
stOccupantoft
heSt
ool
,Al
haj
iIbr
ahi
m
Onor
uoi
zaAt
ta(
192354)
;of
fi
cial
lyexi
ledv
ideNor
ther
n
Regi
onofNi
ger
iaGazzet
teNo.21Vol
.5of10t
hMay
1954 Suppl
ementB NRLN 108 of1956 Removal
Or
dinance CAP 68.And on 1stJune 1956,Mal
lam

..
.InI
Mohammed Sag
nbi
nrr
a Di
iO vi
si
mo on on 1stJune 1956,Mal
loriascended t l
he Tam
hrone as
Mamman Sanni Omol
ori ascended, ami
dst al
most

Ohi
noyi
(
uR
ni
vef
er
s.
a19
la5
cc6P
l r
amao
t
i vi
n
ontc
oti
a
h lA
eC n
hi
efn
t
au
ia
n lR
cyoe
fIp
go
bi
rr
rt
)
aw:
i
th
t
he t
it
le Ohi
noyi
,23 mont
hs af
ter .
Alt
hough t
he
i
nst
it
uti
onofCent
ralChi
eft
aincyi
sBr
it
ishI
nnovat
ion,
the

38
AndRef
:Nor
ther
nRegi
onofNi
ger
iaNot
ice379Gazzet
te
No.27Vol
.5of14t
hJune1956Pg211st
atesi
nteral
ia:


..I
tis not
if
ied f
ort
he gener
ali
nfor
mat
ion t
hatHi
s
Excel
lency t
he Gover
norofNor
ther
n Regi
on has been
pl
easedt
orecogni
seMUHAMMEDSANIOMOLORIasChi
ef
ofI
gbi
rr
aTr
ibewi
thef
fectf
rom 1stJune1956andt
ogr
ade
hi
m asaHead(
Par
amount
)Chi
efoft
heSecondCl
ass.
.

3.
2Soci
oPol
it
icoEconomi
cDevel
opmenti
nEbi
ral
and
(
19561996)
: The per
iod 19171956 coul
d
ot
her
wise be descr
ibed as f
oundat
ion of
soci
opol
i
ticoeconomi
c devel
opmenti
n Ebi
ral
and;a
per
iodwhenonl
ythepr
evi
ledgedf
ewwer
elor
dingi
tover
t
he masses; cul
minat
ing i
n t
he 1951 Rev
olut
ion
or
gani
zedbyt
heI
TUf
ort
otalemanci
pat
ion soci
all
y,
pol
it
ical
lyandeconomi
cal
ly
.Theper
iod1956 1996
wasaper
iodoff
reeent
erpr
isepr
omot
ion;usher
ingi
n
t
hemoder
nEbi
rast
atussomuchsot
hatOkenei
snow
bei
ngt
agged
LondonofKogiSt
ate(
asdescr
ibedby
Lat
ePr
inceAudu,t
heGov
ernorofKogiSt
atei
nhi
shey
day
s).The ast
ronomi
calr
ise i
nthe soci
oeconomi
c
39
devel
opmentofEbi
ral
and cannotbeover
emphasi
zed;
t
hehi
ther
tomudbui
l
dingswi
tht
hat
chedr
oof
shavebeen
r
epl
aced wi
th moder
n ar
chi
tect
uralbui
ldi
ngs;school
s
andcol
l
eges(
incl
udi
ngt
ert
iar
yinst
it
uti
ons)aboundi
n
t
he nooks and cr
anni
es ofEbi
ral
and wi
thI
ndust
ri
al
est
abl
ishment
ssuchasI
takpeI
ronOr
eMi
ningCompany
Lt
dandAj
aokut
aSt
eelCompanyLt
d;est
abl
isheddur
ing
t
hesai
dper
iodoft
her
eignofHRHAl
haj
iMohammadu
SaniOmol
ori
,theOhi
nonyiofEbi
ral
and(
19561996)
;a
r
eign t
hat spanned f
rom Col
oni
al Er
a t
hrough
I
ndependence,Fi
rstRepubl
i
cfol
lowedbyl
ongMi
li
tar
y
Rul
etot
heSecondRepubl
ic.

Yett
heAut
horoft
hedocumentunderr
efer
enceandhi
s
Pr
inci
palhaver
egar
dedhi
srei
gnof40y
ear
sand40days
asaper
iodofRegency;aper
ioddur
ingwhi
chhewas
pr
omot
edt
o1stCl
assSt
atusandhewasevent
heVi
ce
Chai
rmanKwar
aSt
ateCounci
lofChi
efsi
n1972.Andon
cr
eat
ionofKogiSt
ate,t
hesai
dOhi
noy
iofEbi
ral
and
became t
he Vi
ce Pr
esi
dentatt
he St
ate Counci
lof
Chi
efst
il
lhi
sdeat
hon10t
hJul
y1996.Al
as!On19t
hJul
y,
1996,(
bar
ely ni
ne (
9)days af
terhi
s deat
h)a l
ett
er

40
emanat
edf
rom anEDEATTAHFAMI
LY,OZIOGUCLAN
cl
aimi
ngt
obet
heRoyalf
ami
lyofEbi
ral
and;pr
esent
ing

PRI
NCEDR.ADOI
BRAHI
M ASACANDI
DATEFORTHE
VACANTSTOOLOFTHEATTA OFEBI
RALANDwhi
ch
becamea subj
ectofl
it
igat
ion f
or18 year
sand was
f
inal
lyj
udgedon5t
hJune2015att
heSupr
emeCour
t;
Sui
tNo.SC99/
2009;NWLRPar
t1489,
Ibr
ahi
m VsLawal
,
publ
i
shed on Monday 14t
h December
,2015 her
eby
r
efer
s;aj
udgementwhi
chmer
elyuphel
dAdoI
brahi
ms
Appoi
ntment Let
ter as
OHI
NOYI OF EBI
RALAND
al
ongsi
deEdi
ctNo.3of1997ast
heAscensi
onModal
it
y.
Andt
othePl
aint
if
fs/
Respondent
satt
heSupr
emeCour
t
i
twasamat
terof
lett
hesl
eepi
ngdogl
iei
nthei
nter
est
ofPeaceofEbi
ral
and;havi
ngear
li
erwonatbot
hHi
gh
and Appeal Cour
ts wi
th t
he j
udgement
s suddenl
y
upt
urned att
heSupr
emeCour
t!Eversi
nce5t
h June
2015,t
hey have mai
ntai
ned absol
ute cal
m and have
si
ncet
akeni
tasGod
swi
sh;hav
ingl
aterr
eal
isedhow
t
he game was pl
ayed and wi
tht
he r
ecentcases of
cor
ruptpr
act
icesuncover
edatt
hesai
dSupr
emeCour
t;
l
eadi
ng t
o suspensi
on of so many Judges of t
he
Supr
emeCour
t.I
tisgl
addi
ngt
onot
ethatEngr
.Sar
ki

41
I
dri
s, t
he Aut
hor of t
his Book i
s t
he 5t
h
Pl
aint
if
f/Respondenti
nthesai
dSui
t(Ref
:Annexur
eII
).

CHAPTERFOUR
42
4.KOGISTATEPOLI
TYANDCONTEMPORARY
I
SSUESONEBI
RACHI
EFTAI
NCI
ES

4.
1 Ohi
noyiThr
one (
1996 2016)
:KogiSt
ate was
t
h
cr
eat
edon27 August1991wi
tht
hespeci
alassi
stance
ofEbi
rasons,Gen.Sal
ihuI
brahi
m(t
henChi
efofAr
my
St
aff
),Al
i
yuAt
ta(
thenI
nspect
orGener
alofPol
ice)and
Al
h.Abdul
rahman Okene (
then Mi
nist
er of I
nter
nal
Af
far
is)whower
eal
lmember
sofa14MemberAr
med
For
cesRul
ingCounci
l(AFRC)cont
rol
li
ngt
heaf
fai
rsof
t
he Feder
alRepubl
i
c of Ni
ger
ia under t
he Mi
li
tar
y
Pr
esi
dent
,Gener
alI
brahi
m BadamasiBabangi
da.Thus
t
hel
ongex
ist
ingagi
tat
ionf
orKogiSt
ate wasr
eal
ised;a
mer
erei
ncar
nat
ion oft
hedef
unctKabba Pr
ovi
nceof
Nor
ther
n Ni
ger
ia whi
ch became mer
ged wi
tht
he ol
d
I
lor
inPr
ovi
nceon27t
hMay1967f
ir
stasWestCent
ral
St
ate;anamewhi
ch t
heEbi
rasandI
gal
as i
nst
ant
ly
ki
ckedagai
nstandt
heSt
atewasr
enamedKwar
aSt
ate
wi
thI
lor
inasCapi
tal
.Thought
heEbi
rasof
tpedal
edon
t
hesi
ti
ngoft
hecapi
talatI
lor
in,
theI
gal
asagi
tat
edt
hati
t

43
wast
oof
arf
ort
hem andst
art
edcl
amour
ingf
ort
het
hen
I
gal
aDi
visi
ont
obeexci
sedandmer
gedwi
tht
heI
domas
andTi
vst
ofor
m BenueSt
ate whi
chwascar
vedoutof
t
heol
dBenuePl
ateauSt
atei
n1976.Sequelt
othi
s,t
he
agi
tat
ionf
orKogiSt
atewaschampi
onedbyt
heEbi
ras
whi
let
he Okuns cl
amour
ed f
ora mer
gerwi
tht
hei
r
nei
gbour
ing Eki
ti peopl
e of Yor
ubal
and who t
hey
consi
derhi
stor
ical
l
y as t
hei
rki
ths and ki
ns.Butt
he
agi
tat
ion oft
heEbi
raswasj
ustt
o car
veoutt
heol
d
Kabba Pr
ovi
nce as a f
ull
fl
edged St
atef
rom Kwar
a
St
ate;compr
isi
ng t
he def
unctI
gal
a Di
visi
on,I
gbi
rr
a
Di
visi
on,Kabba Di
vi
sion and Kwar
a Di
vi
sion (
whi
ch
becameKogiDi
vi
sion)wi
tht
hebi
rt
hofKwar
aSt
atei
n
1967)
;adr
eam whi
chwasf
inal
lyr
eal
i
sedi
n1991as
af
orement
ioned.I
tmaynotbeoutofpl
acet
oment
ion
t
hatt
heAut
hor
,Engr
.Sar
kiI
dri
sEnesiwast
heSecr
etar
y
oft
heBor
noChapt
erofKogiSt
ateMov
ementundert
he
abl
eChai
rmanshi
pofAl
h.Sal
ami(
anOkunmanwhowas
t
henar
eknownPet
rol
eum Mar
ket
eri
nMai
dugur
i)wi
th

44
whom t
heAut
horusedt
oat
tendt
heI
koy
iHeadquar
ter
s
meet
ingsat2,
Bedwel
lSt
.Ikoy
iLagos.TheI
gal
aswer
e
t
hencl
amour
ingf
ort
hei
rdr
eam Okur
aSt
atewhi
chupt
il
l
dat
ehasnotseent
hel
ightoft
heday.Onapar
ti
cul
ar
occasi
onCol
.AhmaduAl
i(r
td)andhi
sloyal
ist
sat
tended
butcl
aimedt
heywer
emer
eobser
ver
s.Whatani
rony!
Butt
odayKogiSt
atehasbeenhi
jackedbyt
heI
gal
asand
yetst
il
lst
rongl
yagi
tat
ingf
orOkur
aSt
atewhi
leatt
he
samet
imemar
ginal
i
singt
heEbi
raswi
tht
heassi
stance
oft
heOkuns.I
tissadt
oment
iont
hatt
heFi
rstExecut
ive
Gover
norofKogiSt
atewasconcededbyt
heEbi
rast
o
Lat
ePr
inceAbubakarAuduonapl
att
erofgol
dandyet
hebegant
hemar
ginal
isat
ionoft
heEbi
rasi
nKogiPol
it
y;
anagendaoft
heI
gal
aPr
ojectwi
thf
ullsuppor
tofsome
Ebi
rasonsbecauseoft
hei
rdr
eam Ebi
raKi
ngdom i
nthe
21stCent
uryundert
hePr
esi
dent
ialSyst
em ofNi
ger
ia.
Whatashame!

NosoonerwasKogiSt
atecr
eat
edt
hanaMemoRef
:
CH/
PAI
/SOT/
415/
91 dat
ed 16t
h November 1991

45
emanat
ed f
rom Al
h.Ado I
brahi
m;addr
essed t
othe
Mi
li
tar
yAdmi
nist
rat
orwi
th avi
ew t
orewr
it
ing Ebi
ra
Hi
stor
y;st
rongl
ybacked up wi
th hi
s socal
led Ebi
ra
Cul
tur
alUni
on(
ECU)wi
tht
heHeadquar
ter
sinhi
stoday
s
Azad Pal
ace (
then Sol
omon Lodge)
.Ther
e he was
hol
dingr
egul
armeet
ingswi
tht
heCl
anChi
efswhower
e
made t
o see t
hemsel
ves as bei
ng r
elegat
ed t
othe
backgr
oundbyt
het
henOhi
noy
iofEbi
ral
and;t
her
eby
boughtt
hem overandwer
edi
ssuadedf
rom at
tendi
ng
Ebi
raAr
eaTr
adi
ti
onalCounci
lmeet
ings.I
twast
hent
hat
t
hesocal
ledResol
uti
on47/
135of18t
hDecember1992
oft
oday
sghost
EPI
CSoft
hedef
unctECUwasmade.
Att
hesameper
iodal
otofmoneywasdol
edoutt
o
per
for
ming Ebi
ra Masquer
ades (
bot
h day and ni
ght
masquer
ades)
;causi
ngmay
hem her
eandt
her
ejustt
o
er
ode t
he power
s oft
he t
hen Ohi
noyiofEbi
ral
and
(
regar
ded by Ado and Cohor
ts as a Regent
);usi
ng
successi
ve Mi
li
tar
y Admi
nist
rat
ors and subt
erf
uge t
o
achi
evemi
schi
efsi
nthel
and.Andi
nhi
sMachi
avel
li
an

46
st
yle he boughtt
he Ebi
ra Ar
ea Tr
adi
ti
onalCounci
l
member
stor
ubber
st
amphi
ssel
ect
ionasAt
taI
IIof
Ebi
ral
and;ar
ecommendat
ionwhi
chwast
urneddownat
t
heSt
ateCounci
lofChi
efsmeet
ingof15t
hMay,1997
and i
nit
s st
ead r
ecommended hi
m f
or
Ohi
noyiof
Ebi
ral
and
,thev
acantst
ool
!Hepr
essur
izedf
orachange
ofTi
tl
evi
deEbi
raAr
eaTr
adi
ti
onalCounci
lmemoRef
:
ETC/
CHI
/S.
54/
VOL.
I/
55 of23r
d June1997 (
bar
ely21
day
sofhi
sappoi
ntmentas
Ohi
noyiofEbi
ral
and
)but
del
iber
ati
onont
hismemohadt
obedef
err
edt
il
l1998i
n
vi
ew of t
he Cour
t Case HC/
6/98 chal
lengi
ng hi
s
appoi
ntmentas
Ohi
noy
iofEbi
ral
andi
nst
eadof
Att
aof
Ebi
ral
and
,a nonexi
stentst
oolhe want
ed;a case
j
udgedi
nfavouroft
hePl
aint
if
fsatAnyi
gbaHi
ghCour
t
(
3rdApr
il2006)andAbuj
aAppealCour
t(12t
hJanuar
y
2009)butupt
urnedatSupr
emeCour
tinf
avourofAdo
I
brahi
mjustt
oal
low peacer
eigni
nEbi
ral
and;af
teral
l
t
hel
egalgymnast
icsandt
ri
cks;al
legedl
ybackedupwi
th
f
orei
gnexchange.TheSupr
emeCour
tJudgementof5t
h

47
June2015t
act
ical
l
yav
oidedgoi
ngi
ntot
hemer
itoft
he
Case and t
her
efor
e on t
echni
calgr
ound of
stat
ute
bar
redact
ionmer
elyuphel
dtheappoi
ntmentofAl
h.Dr
.
Ado I
brahi
m as Ohi
noy
iofEbi
ral
and al
ongsi
de t
he
Successi
onModal
it
yEdi
ct3of6t
hMay1997;acase
whi
chKogiSt
ateChi
efExecut
ive(
Mil
it
aryAdmi
nist
rat
or)
wast
he1stDef
endantwhi
l
etheSt
ateAt
tor
neyGener
al
wast
he2ndDef
endantwi
thot
her
scoj
oini
ngt
hem;a
case whi
ch spanned 18 year
sthr
ough Hi
gh Cour
t,
AppealCour
tandSupr
emeCour
t.Butt
odayAdoI
brahi
m
i
shi
dingundert
hegui
seoft
he
ghost
EPI
CSt
osponsor
t
heAt
taDynast
ypr
oposi
ti
on!I
sitsheercoi
nci
dencet
hat
t
hePal
aceoft he1st Appel
heSuccessoroft lanti
nthe
sai
dCase(
SC:
99/
2009)i
stheAddr
essoft
he
ghost

EPI
CS(
Ebi
raPeopl
esI
nst
it
uteofCul
tur
eandSoci
ety
)?
See Annexur
e Ioft
hi ed 1st
s book a documentdat
Febr
uar
y2017;mostpr
obabl
ywi
thi
ntentt
o mi
slead
gover
nment
.Isi
tbecauseAdoI
brahi
misr
elat
edt
othe
i
ncumbentKogiSt
ateGover
nort
hathewantt
ousehi
m

48
t
ofoi
stonusanAt
taDynast
y?Thepr
oponent
sofAt
ta
Dynast
y can now see i
tsi
ncompat
ibi
li
ty wi
th Ebi
ra
Peopl
einvi
ew oft
hef
oregoi
ngEbi
rahi
stor
yvi
savi
s
t
hef
oll
owi
ngext
ract
sfr
om Ar
chi
valr
ecor
ds.

4.
2 At
ta Dynast
yPr
oposi
ti
on (
2017)
:Ar
chi
valr
ecor
ds
have t
his t
o say [
Ref
: Not
es on t
he
Sar
aut
a
(
Chi
eft
aincy)ofI
gbi
rr
aDi
str
ictandi
tsAdmi
nist
rat
ions]
:

TheDi
str
ictHead,I
brahi
ma,hasnoher
edi
tar
ycl
aimt
obe
Par
amountChi
efofI
gbi
rr
aTr
ibe
I
twi
llbenot
icedt
hatt
he
Att
aru
Omadi
biandhi
sgr
andsont
he
Di
str
ictHeadI
brahi
mawhohasassumedt
her
ankof
ATTAHof
I
gbi
rr
a(
i.
e.par
adi
nghi
msel
fas
Att
ahofI
gbi
rr
a)
,bot
hcl
aimt
o
bel
ongt
othef
ami
lyofI
gbi
rr
a,i
.e.t
hef
ami
lyoft
heOhi
ndashi
.
Thel
astSi
xAt
tahsofI
gbi
rr
a;accor
ding t
oIbr
ahi
ma wer
e
member
sofOhi
ndashif
ami
ly.
Butt
heel
der
sofOhi
ndashir
efut
ethi
sst
atement
.Theysayt
hat
Omadi
biwasson ofOj
i.Hi
sfat
herbel
ong t
o Egai
n wher
e
Omadi
biwasbor
n..Omadi
biwasneverr
efer
redt
oinany
of
fi
cialr
epor
tupt
ohi
sdeat
has
Att
ah
.Iti
sanexot
ic(
str
ange)
t
it
le.I
tisqui
teunknownt
othegr
eatbul
koft
heI
gbi
rr
aTr
ibe.
Theonl
yti
tl
eusedbyt
heI
gbi
rr
ascor
respondi
ngwi
tht
hatof
Chi
ef(
Hausa:Sar
ki)i
sthet
it
leofOhi
noyi

Whent
heseni
or
member
sofOhi
ndashif
ami
lydeni
edt
hatt
heDi
str
ictHead
I
brahi
mawasconnect
edwi
tht
hei
rfami
ly,
heshi
ft
edhi
sgr
ound.
Hei
nfor
medt
heAct
ingResi
dentt
hatt
heOhi
ndashi
swer
enot
Chi
efsoft
heI
gbi
rr
abutmer
elyHi
ghPr
iest
s.Hi
sasser
ti
onwas
r
atherf
uti
lei
nvi
ewoft
hef
actt
hati
n1922hecl
aimedhi
sti
tl
e
t
othe r
ankof
Att
ah ofI
gbi
rr
aand hi
s descentf
rom t
he

49
Accor
ding t
othe Di
str
ict Head,I
brahi
ma,i
n 1922,
Omadi
viAboni
kawasAt
taXVI
,Ibr
ahi
m Onor
uoi
zawas
At
ta XVI
Iand t
oday Ado I
brahi
m i
s At
taI
IIl
ivi
ng
si
debysi
de wi
th Mohammed Ot
aru,At
taI
Iwhi
le
Omadi
vii
s now bei
ng t
agged as At
ta Iand I
brahi
m
Onor
uoi
zaAt
taI
I.Whoi
sfool
ingwhonow?Whi
thert
he
At
taDy
nast
y?Andagai
nin1923,
sequelt
ohi
spr
omot
ion
asa3r
dCl
assChi
efi
twasr
epor
tedt
hus(
Ref
:Egbur
a
Hi
stor
ybyI
sahKot
ovi
z:

In1923t
her
ewasanat
temptbyt
heResi
dentofKabba
Pr
ovi
ncet
ocr
eat
etheEmi
rat
eofI
gbi
rr
aundert
heAt
tah,
Al
haj
iIbr
ahi
m butt
he Lt
.Gover
nort
urned down t
he
pr
oposalont
hegr
oundt
hatAt
tahwasnotanHausa
.

And yethe cont

inued usi Zaki
ng (whi
ch t
he Ebi
ras
mi
spr Saki
onounceas
)assal
utat
ioni eadof
nst Gaba
I
duofourJukunor
igi
nasst
il
lusedbyAku Ukaof
Wukar
i,OchiI
doma,
Att
aIgal
aandt
heOhi
meges.Whata
depar
tur
e!I
tist
her
efor
eabsol
utel
yabsur
d,i
nspi
teoft
he
Supr
eme Cour
tJudgementof5t
h June 2015,t
o be
agi
tat
ingf
orandcl
aimi
ngexi
stenceofAt
taDynast
yin
Ebi
ral
and;goi
ng t
other
idi
cul
ousext
end oft
ryi
ng t
o

50
cr
eat
eRul
ingHousesOnor
uoi
zaA
, doguandAdoboi
n
t
he21stCent
ury.Whataf
rol
ic!Andahoaxt
oo!
!The
gr
eat
est j
oke i
n Ebi
ral
and!
!
!Ebi
ral
and was NEVER
conquer
ed by any i
nvasi
ons;noteven t
he Bi
nis nort
he
Nupe/
Ful hadof19th Cent
aniJi urypopul
arl ed
ycal
l Ir
eku
Anaj
inomoh

4.
3 OhiSt
oolAbr
ogat
ion(
2017)
:TheEbi
rasst
art
ed
agi
tat
ing f
orOhiSt
oolr
ightf
rom Kwar
a St
ate vi
de
Ekunday
o Chi
eft
aincy Ref
orm Panel
.The agi
tat
ion
cont
inuedwi
tht
hecr
eat
ionofKogiSt
atei
n1991.And
whenEj
ehSt
ool
swer
ecr
eat
edby
Pr
inceAudu
sAdmi
nist
rat
ion,OhiSt
ool
swer
elef
tout
andasGodwi
llhav
eit
,itwasonl
ytheI
broPhi
l
lips
Admi
nist
rat
ion t
hat car
eful
ly exami
ned t
he demand
whi
chr
etur
nedEbi
rat
othei
ndependentgr
oupi
ngst
hat
wasenf
orcebef
oret
heCol
oni
alEr
a;par
ti
cul
arl
ywi
tht
he
soar
ingpopul
ati
onwhi
chmadet
hesecur
it
yofEbi
ral
and
sopor
ousandassuchneedspr
operpol
ici
ng.Andf
rom
t
hef
oregoi
nghi
stor
icalf
act
s,t
heor
igi
nalf
ive(
5)Ot
arus
havebeen pr
oli
fer
ated t
o overSi
xty(
60)duet
o one

51
Chi
eft
aincy t
ussl
e or t
he ot
her because of t
he
consci
ousness t
hatal
lEbi
ra Nat
ive Cl
ans ar
e Royal
Cl
ans.Hence t
he Ot
arus hav
e been r
educed t
o Cl
an
Chi
efsonl
y.Andi
nsomecasesSubCl
anorLi
neage
Chi
efs.For ef
fect
ive gr
ip of each of t
he f
ive (
5)
Tr
adi
ti
onalDi
str
ict
stheOhiSt
ool
;tober
otat
edamongst
t
heCl
ansi
neachDi
str
ict
,wascr
eat
edasSt
atut
orySt
ool
,
by KogiSt
ate Gov
ernment
;justl
i
ke t
he war
rant
Chi
efscr
eat
edbyt
heBr
it
ishGov
ernmentwher
ebyt
he

Chi
efofI
gbi
rr
aTr
ibemet
amor
phosedi
nto
Ohi
noyiof
I
gbi
rr
aand f
inal
l
yOhi
noyiofEbi
ral
and
. Bot
hthe

Ohi
noyi
and
Ohi
St
ool
sar
eSt
atut
orySt
ool
sandnot
Tr
adi
ti
onal St
ool
s; dul
y gazzet
ted by Kogi St
ate
Gover
nmentvi
de Law No.23 ofJune 2006 and Ohi
Gazzet
teet
c.Whyagi
tat
eforOhiSt
oolAbr
ogat
ion;Ohi
St
oolbei
ng t
he Reci
pe f
or Just
ice and Peace i
n
Ebi
ral
and!

4.
4Concl
usi
on:

52
Fr
om al
l t
he f
oregoi
ng Pr
ecol
oni
al, Col
oni
al and
Post
Col
oni
alhi
stor
icalt
reat
ise,i
thasbeenpr
ovedwi
thout
r
easonabl
edoubtt
hatEbi
raNat
iveCl
ansar
eRoyalorRul
ing
Cl
ansandRepubl
i
cani
nnat
uredat
ingbackt
oc.
1400wi
tht
he
mi
grat
ionf
rom Bur
akHi
l
ls;f
rom whi
chwehaveder
ivedour
uni
quei
dent
it
y.Thatt
hepr
oponentof
Att
aDynast
yi
str
ying
t
o ensl
avet
heoverOneMi
ll
ionpr
esentEbi
rapeopl
eand
gener
ati
onsyetunbor
n.Thef
oundi
ngofEbi
ral
andi
sover400
year
sol
d;notj
ustt
he100year
sunderr
efer
encei
nthesai
d
memo whi
ch i
sfr
om 1917 t
o 2017 onl
y.Whata pl
oyt
o
dynast
iseEbi
ral
andatt
hispoi
nti
nti
meanda419appr
oach
t
oo!

Ist
rongl
yadv
ise t
hatKogiSt
ate Gover
nmentand pr
ivi
es
shoul
ddi
sregar
dtheseegocent
ri
cpr
oposi
ti
ons;par
ti
cul
arl
y
whent
he
Ohi
noy
iSt
ool
hasbeenuphel
dbyt
heSupr
eme
Cour
tJudgemental
ongwi
thEdi
ctNo.3of1997 andr
elat
ed
l
aws,Gazzet
tesandOr
der
s.I
nfactouryounganddynami
c
Gover
nor
,Hi
sExcel
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earofcont
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icaldet
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orst
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lhi
m downi
nthecomi
ng

53
el
ect
ions.Ast
it
chi
nti
mesavesni
ne!

Longl
iveEbi
ral
and!LongLi
veKogiSt
ate!
!LongLi
veNi
ger
ia!
!!

Bi
bli
ogr
aphy
1.AhmaduE.
D;I
ntr
oduct
iont
otheHi
stor
yofEbi
ras
2.I
brahi
m Y.
A;Pol
it
icsi
nEbi
ral
and:t
heCent
reandt
he
Per
ipher
ies(
EPALect
uresSer
ies)
3.Ohi
are J.
A; Ebi
ra Hi
stor
y: Need f
or pr
oper
document
ati
on
(
EPALect
ureSer
ies)
4.Aj
anahNuhuman;Ebi
rasataGl
ance
5.Wi
l
sonHaf
fendenJ.
R;TheRedMenofNi
ger
ia
6.Bai
kieW.
B;Nar
rat
iveofanExpl
ori
ngvogageupt
he
Ri
ver
Kwor
aandBi
niueal
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ger
and
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n1854.
7.Cr
owt
herSamuel
;Jour
nalofan Expedi
ti
on up t
he
Ni
ger

54
 andTshaddaRi
ver
s(under
takenby
egor Lai
McGr rd and t
he Br
it
ish
Gover
nment
)
8.Hut
chi
nsonT.
J;Nar
rat
iveoft
heNi
ger
,Tshaddaand
Bi
nue
Ex
plor
ati
on.
9.AdeObayemi
;St
atesandPeopl
eoft
heNi
ger
Benue
Conf
luenceAr
ea.
10.
Bost
onJ.
S;I
gal
aKi
ngdom
11.
ByngHal
l;Ant
hropol
ogi
calandHi
stor
icalNot
eson
I
gal
a
Peopl
eandLanguages
12.
Bradbur
yR.
E:Beni
nSt
udi
es
13.
Michael
Mason;
TheFoundat
ionoft
heBi
daKi
ngdom
14.
Eri
m O.Er
im & Okon K.Uya;Per
spect
ives and
Met
hods
st
udyi
ngAf
ri
canHi
stor
y.
15.
Templ
eC.L;Not
esonTr
ibesofNor
ther
nNi
ger
ia
16.
Kir
kGr
eene A.
H.M; Gazet
ter
s of t
he Nor
ther
n
Pr
ovi
nces

55
 Vol
s.I
IV
17.
Gel
l
a Y.T;Two Ci
ti
es of t
he Conf
luence (
wit
h
par
ti
cul
ar
r
efer
encet
oOkeneandLokoj
a
18.
Nat
ionalAr
chi
ves,
Kaduna;Var
iousRel
atedFi
les.
19.
Ebi
raOr
alTr
adi
ti
ons(
Gener
al)
;col
lect
edf
rom var
ious
Cl
anEl
der
sov
ert
heper
iod(
1972t
o
dat
e)
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Var
iousMemor
anda(
submi
tt
edt
oGover
nment
)by
Emi
nentEbi
rasovert
heyear
s.
21.
Sar
kiI
dri
s Enesi
;The Ohi
noyiThr
one;Towar
ds
Peacef
ul
Successi
ons(
Ser
ies1)
22.
I.E.Sar
kiAv
ajar
a;Mohammed Kokor
iAbduland
Ot
her
s:
Questf
orJust
ice(
Vol
.1)
23.
Sar
kiI
dri
s Enesi
;The Ohi
noyiThr
one;Towar
ds
Peacef
ul
Rot
ati
on(
Ser
ies2)
24. CS Memo of1st Feb.2017;Ref
EPI orm ofEbi
ra

56
 Tr
adi
ti
onal
I
nst
it
uti
on(
SeeAnnexur
eI)
25.
Supr
emeCour
tSC:99/
2009Cover
;Speci
alRef
erence
t
h
t
o5
Respondent(
SeeAnnexur
eII
)

ANNEXUREI

57
58
ANNEXUREI
I

59
 THEAUTHOR
Engr.SarkiIdri
sEnesiB. Eng(Mech);MNSEi s
the Inventor of the fir
st MadeinNi ger
ia
Combi ne Rice Pr
ocessor ,ENESI1200 KPH;
desi
gnedt odehusk, dest
one,desand,desi
l
tand
even sortt he br
oken f r
om f ul
lgrains.The
Machine whi ch isf or Smalland Medi um

60
Enterpr eneur si sdesi gnedt opr ocessandaddval uet ot he
NigerianLocalRi ce( ali
as Oh!God)andevencr eatejobsf or
ourteemi ngunempl oyedgr aduat es.Iti
saboutt obel aunched
byTheNi gerianSoci et
yofEngi neers,Lokoj aBr anch.Hei s
notonl y an Engi neerofr eput e butal so a Human Ri ght
Activ
istandPol it
ici
anwhoi nt hedef enceofEbi raPeopl es
nd
HumanRi ghtsar guedbr i
ll
iantl
yatt he22 November ,2015
Coll
ationCent re;bringingtheKogiGov ernorshipElectiont o
anincl usiveend;t hechai neffectwhichbr oughtGov ernorship
toEbi ralandsequelt otheannouncementoft her esultoft he
Supplement ar
y El ection.He has t he following publ i
shed
bookst ohi scr edi
t:
Ser
ies1,
TheOhi
noyiThr
one:Towar
d Peacef
ulSuccessi
ons
(
1996)
Vol
.I,
Questf
orJust
ice:MohammedKokor
iAbdulandOt
her
s
(
1999)
Ser
ies2,
TheOhinoyiThr
one:Towar
dsPeacefulRot
ati
on(
2013)
Ebi
raHist
oryataGlance(
1400toDate)
;Publ
ished2017
Andast he5t hPl ainti
ff/
Respondentatt heSupr emeCour t
th
SuitSC: 99/2009;t he judgementof5 June 2015 whi ch
upheldt he ParamountSt oolofEbi r
aland as Ohinoyiof
Ebiral
and al ongside Edi ct 3 of 1997 and r elated
Laws/ Gazzettes,Ist and t oi ncurv ery serious damages
alongside the overOne Mi l
li
on presentEbi ra people and
generationsy etunbor ni ntendedt obeensl aved;shoul dt he
requestoft he Memor andum,t i
tl
ed,REFORM OF EBI RA
TRADI TIONAL I NSTI TUTI ON,be gr anted.Hence,t his my
Booki st oforestal
lal ltheevi lmachinationsintendedbyt he
said Memor andum;her ebypubl i
shed to putEbi r
a history

61
strai
ght;fort
he sake ofhi
stor
ict
rut
h,post
eri
ty and t
he
records.

ENESI1200KPH
COMBINERICEPROCESSOR

Designedto
* dehusk,destone,desi
ltanddesand
* removel ar
gerimpurit
iesandmet al
s
* sortbrokenfrom ful
lgrai
ns

Engr
.SARKII
DRI
SENESI
(
Invent
or)

62