Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the week, students should be
able to:
1. perform catchment discretization to identify
catchment area type and area extent (CO3);
2. propose appropriate drain sections for the peak flow
rate calculated (CO3);
3. apply engineering hydrological concepts in urban
stormwater design (CO3)
MSMA
Manual Saliran Mesra Alam Malaysia
Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Msia
http://www.water.gov.my
t0
t0 = overland flow time (inlet time)
tf = channel flow time tf
(MSMA Sec.14.4.2(C))
In urban drainage, inlet time is primarily roof drainage
flow time which is very small and considerably uncertain
hence, a minimum of 5min may be adopted.
Mannings roughness
Channel Flow Time tf
MSMA Eq. 14.4 a & b (Mannings eq.)
Fc L
tc
A1/10S 1/ 5
where t = tc
a,b,c,d are constants obtained from Appendix 13.A
MSMA Appendix 13.A
Return Period
(Annual Recurrence Interval, ARI)
Short Duration Storm
MSMA Section 13.2.7
Table 13.3
2
P24 (mm)
Duration
(min) West Coast East Coast
<100 120 150 >180 All
5 2.08 1.85 1.62 1.40 1.39
10 1.28 1.13 0.99 0.86 1.03
15 0.80 0.72 0.62 0.54 0.74
20 0.47 0.42 0.36 0.32 0.48
30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.0
0.9
Runoff Coefficient
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.1
0
200 300 400
Equivalent Runoff Coefficient Qp = C I A
A i A3
1. Estimate tc
2. Determine I
3. Determine C
4. Calculate Qp A
5. Design drain tf
t0
B t c = t0 + t f
tf
C t0
D
tf tf
tc1 , tc2
E
tc t0 = tcritical
Qp = C I A
Moving downstream,
tc (hence t) , I , A A
tf = 4min
Qp
t0 = 5min
B
t0t=
c =9min
9min
tf = 4min
t0 = 5min
D C
tf = 6min tf = 4min
tc1 = 13min
E tc2 = 9min
tc = 19min t0 = tcritical = 13min
Partial Area Effect (Sec 14.5.7)
Consequently,
A1
tc , I , A Non-urban
A2
Qp Urban
Figure 14.2: General Procedure
Select ARI
Discretise sub-catchment
Estimate tc
Determine i
Determine C
Calculate Ce
Qp = C I A
MSMA Section 14.5.3
Assumptions of Rational Method:
Peak flow occurs when entire catchment is contributing to flow
Rainfall intensity is the same over the entire catchment
Rainfall intensity is uniform over a time duration equals to tc
ARI of the computed flow is the same as ARI of the rainfall
intensity
[1]
m
Length
[2]
Location
Return Period
yr
[3]
Sub-area
ha
Catchment
Overland flow
[6]
min
Drain time
[7]
min
Time of
Flow time
[8]
min
concentration
Critical Time of
[9]
min
Concentration
Intensity
[10]
mm/h
Runoff Coefficient
[11]
Equivalent Runoff
[12]
Coefficient
Total Equivalent
Rational Method
ha
[13]
Area
Discharge
[14]
m 3/s
Drain Section
MSMA Appendix 16.A.2
[15]
Calculation Worksheet (I)
Gradient
[16]
1 in
Capacity
[17]
m 3/s
Actual Velocity
[18]
m/s
Drain Design
Flow Time
[19]
min
m
Invert Level
[20]
Proposed development
12m road
6m backlane
15m road
18m road
15 nos Terrace houses 20x80
9m backlane
18m road
15 nos Terrace houses 20x80
D3 D3_R
D3_B
10 nos Shop offices 24x125
D1 D4_B(a)
D1_R
D4
D4_R
D4_B(b)
10 nos Shop offices 24x105
Location Catchment Flow time
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Critical Time of
Overland Flow
Concentration
Return Period
concentration
Drain Section
Drain time
Sub-area
Time of
Length
Area
m yr ha min min min min
D1 108 5 D1_R 0.08 5 0.9 5.9 5.9
Critical Time of
Overland Flow
Concentration
Return Period
concentration
Drain Section
Drain time
Sub-area
Time of
Length
Area
m yr ha min min min min
D1 108 5 D1_R 0.08 5 0.9 5.9 5.9
Equivalent Runoff
Runoff Coefficient
Total Equivalent
Critical Time of
Concentration
Return Period
Drain Section
Coefficient
Discharge
Sub-area
Intensity
Area
Area
yr ha min mm/h ha m 3/s
D1 5 D1_R 0.08 5.9
Say
Calculation of Intensity (5 < t < 30min)
Equivalent Runoff
Runoff Coefficient
Total Equivalent
Critical Time of
Concentration
Return Period
Drain Section
Coefficient
Discharge
Sub-area
Intensity
Area
Area
yr ha min mm/h ha m 3/s
D1 5 D1_R 0.08 5.9 272 0.91 0.91 0.08 0.05
Say
Location Drain Design
[1] [2] [7] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
Actual Velocity
Drain Section
Drain Section
Invert Level
Drain time
Flow Time
Discharge
Gradient
Capacity
Length
D2 87 0.7 0.10
D4 72 0.6 0.20
1
Q AR 2 / 3 S 1/ 2
n
Use n = 0.011 (Table 14.2)
Type Depth P A R
m m m2 m
A-12 1.5 3.048 0.554 0.182
B-12 1.4 2.743 0.484 0.176
C-12 1.2 2.438 0.415 0.170
D-12 1.1 2.134 0.345 0.162
E-12 0.9 1.829 0.275 0.151
F-12 0.8 1.524 0.206 0.135
G-12 0.6 1.219 0.136 0.112
Location Drain Design
[1] [2] [7] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
Actual Velocity
Drain Section
Drain Section
Invert Level
Drain time
Flow Time
Discharge
Gradient
Capacity
Length
D2 87 0.7 0.10
D4 72 0.6 0.20
Actual Velocity
Drain Section
Drain Section
Invert Level
Drain time
Flow Time
Discharge
Gradient
Capacity
Length
D2 87 0.7 0.10
D4 72 0.6 0.20
Actual Velocity
Drain Section
Drain Section
Invert Level
Drain time
Flow Time
Discharge
Gradient
Capacity
Length
Type Depth
H P A R
m m m2 m
A-12 1.5 3.048 0.554 0.182
B-12 1.4 2.743 0.484 0.176
C-12 1.2 2.438 0.415 0.170
D-12 1.1 2.134 0.345 0.162
E-12 0.9 1.829 0.275 0.151
F-12 0.8 1.524 0.206 0.135
G-12 0.6 1.219 0.136 0.112
Invert Level
RL = 34.0m
1:500
0.2
100
IL = 33.15m
IL = 32.95m
100m
RL = 34.0m
1:1000
0.1
IL = 33.05m 100
IL = 32.95m
100m
1/500 x 100
Design of Drain Vertical Profile
D1: Upstream D2: Downstream
RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m
IL = 33.15m
IL = 32.95m IL = 32.95m
100m
Upstream Downstream
RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m
Qcap
IL = 32.95m IL = 32.95m
IL = 32.75m
100m
Design of Drain Vertical Profile
D1: Upstream D2: Downstream
RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m
IL = 33.15m
IL = 32.95m IL = 32.95m
100m
Upstream Downstream
RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m
Qcap
IL = 32.95m IL = 32.95m
IL = 32.90m
100m
Design of Drain Vertical Profile
D1: Upstream D2: Downstream
RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m
IL = 33.15m
IL = 32.95m IL = 32.95m
100m
Upstream Downstream
RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m
Qcap?
IL = 33.00m IL = 33.00m
IL = 32.95m
100m
Avoid flow direction against topography
Upstream Downstream
RL = 34.0m RL = 35.0m
RL = 34.0m
IL = 34.15m
IL = 32.95m IL = 33.95m
100m
Upstream Downstream
RL = 34.0m RL = 34.0m RL = 35.0m
H=1.65m
IL = 32.95m IL = 32.95m
IL = 32.90m
100m
Free fall between adjacent drain
Upstream Downstream
IL = 32.95m
IL = 32.15m
IL = 31.95m
100m