Determination of Temperature at given value of Thermistor

Resistance by using Lagrange Interpolation

By Mohamad Irfan Noor Haizan

Abstract

This study was conducted to prove the effectiveness of Lagrange interpolation method for getting
the actual temperature based on the resistance value of the thermistor with a given a few data
range which is from the graph that will describe the function of the graph. Therefore, the
effectiveness of Lagrange Interpolation Method will be studies on different order of
interpolation. Among the types of orders that will be used are first order, second order and third
order. In this study, types of Thermistor that will be study is Negative temperature Coefficient
(NTC). NTC type has a resistance that decreases with increasing temperature. In details,
Thermistor LM05-103K with a resistance of 10k and range of -55C to 150C were
selected to be study. The obtain result will be compared to the real temperature value provided by
the manufacturer of thermistor. Besides that, the accuracy between first order, second order and
third order of Lagrange Interpolation method will be justify and the percentage differences of the
obtain data will calculated to describe the findings clearly. Impact of this study is to clearly
verify the usability of Lagrange Interpolation in determination of unknown data with a given
function.

Introduction

Interpolation is one of techniques to solve the functional relationship between variables

such that a given set of discrete values of the variables satisfy that relationship. It is a numerical
analysis in mathematical. Interpolations usually take place in set of data point from experiments.
It is applicable in a smooth graph from a set of data. The interpolate value will be more accurate
for that condition of graph. There are three types of interpolation based on the shape of the graph,
it is linear interpolation, polynomial interpolation and spline interpolation. Opposite to
interpolation is extrapolation, it is method that determine the data which is outside the range of
valid data. Extrapolation rarely preferred than interpolation because of the method of
extrapolation is assuming the trend of graph is equal for the next values of data which is out of
the range. So, clearly the assumption might be exact or not exact. This situation does bring the
weakness of extrapolation method.
Lagrange Interpolation method was another type of polynomial interpolation, it is well
known for classical technique that used by it to determine the data. This method was introduced
by Sir Joseph-Louis Lagrange was an Italian mathematician and astronomer he does brought a
massive improvement in calculus. Lagrange Interpolation Method can be represented as;

Where;

Clearly that determination of temperature value at a given resistance in the polynomial

trend of data within a range would be able to determine by using Lagrange polynomial
interpolation method. In the sort of mechanical engineering problem determination of data is
familiar task. If the thermistor which a temperature sensor is linked to the mechanical issue, it
most probably takes place in heat transfer situation or thermodynamic problem. To run out an
analysis on mechanical analysis thermal properties of material must be considered. To clarify the
thermal properties a set of data based on temperature must be collected by using sensor with
programmable controller. So, in this phase knowledge based on electronic component are
important to evade an error data.

Methods
A set of data about Thermistor (NTC 103) will be used and the datasheet were obtained from
the manufacturer. Those data are also can be view in Graph 1.
 Graph 1: Resistance versus Temperature for 10k Thermistor

By using Lagrange Polynomial Interpolation Method, value of 12560 will use as x value to
determine the value of temperature. Determination of the data will use;

i) Linear/First order/2points
ii) Quadratic/Second order/3points
iii) Third order/Cubic/4points

By these three method, the calculated data will be compare to the provided data by manufacturer
and the differences value will be calculated, from that the high accuracy method will be selected
based on prove.
Results and Discussion
i) For first order Lagrange polynomial interpolation, determination the value of R = 12560

R0 = 20240
R1 = 10000
1
T ( R ) Li ( R )T ( Ri )
i 0

L0 ( R )T ( R0 ) L1 ( R )T ( R1 )

So;
1 R Rj
L0 ( R )
j 0 R0 R j
j 0

R R1 R R0
T ( R) T ( R0 ) T ( R1 )
R0 R1 R1 R0

1256010000 1256020240
= 2024010000 (10) + 1000020240 (25)

= 21.25C

ii) For second order Lagrange polynomial interpolation, determination the value of R = 12560

R0 = 20240
R1 = 10000
R2 = 8013
2
T ( R ) Li ( R )T ( Ri )
i 0

L0 ( R )T ( R0 ) L1 ( R)T ( R1 ) L2 ( R)T ( R2 )
T(R) = [( RR 1
R 0R 1 0R 2 )]
)( RRR 2
T0 + [( RR 0
R 1R 0 1R 2 )]
)( RRR 2
T1+

[( RR 0
R 2R 0 2R 1 )]
)( RRR 1
T2

T(R) = ([ 1256010000
2024010000 202408013 )]
)( 125608013
10+ ([ 1256020240
1000020240 100008013 )]
)( 125608013
25+

[( 1256020240
801320240 801310000 )]
)( 1256010000 30

T(R) = (0.25*0.371)10 + (0.75*2.28)25 + (0.628*(-1.288)30

=19.41C

ii) For second order Lagrange polynomial interpolation, determination the value of R = 12560

R0 = 33630
R1 = 20240
R2 = 10000
R3 = 8013

T(R) = [( RR 1
R 0R 1 0R 2 R 0R 3 )]
)( RRR 2
)( RR 3
T0 [( RR 0
R 1R 0 1R 2 R 1R 3 )]
)( RRR 2
)( RR 3
T1 +

[( RR 0
R 2R 0 2R 1 )( R 2R 3 )]
)( RRR 1 RR 3
T2 + [( RR 0
R 3R 0 3R 1 )( R 3R 2 )]
)( RRR1 RR 2
T3
T(R) = [( 1256020240
3363020240 3363010000 336308013 )]
)( 1256010000 )( 125608013
0

[( 1256033630
2024033630 2024010000 )( 202408013 )]
)( 1256010000 125608013
10+

[( 1256033630
1000033630 1000020240 100008013 )]
)( 1256020240 )( 125608013
25+

([ 1256033630
801333630 )( 801320240 )( 801310000 )]
1256020240 1256010000
30

= 1.45395+38.48-19.96
=19.97C
Orders % Differences
First order 6.25%
Second order 2.95%
Third order 0.15%
Conclusion
Calculated value of temperature based on resistance value does prove that any uniform data can
be interpolating using Lagrange Polynomial Interpolation. Among the types of orders that use to
interpret the data, third order of interpolation does being approved give the high accuracy than
the other orders. This work does show that any value of data can be calculated as long as the
value was in range and the graph pattern were identify and either in linear, polynomial or spline
graph.