3G Radio Access Network

Nokia RNC Architecture

1 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Nokia 3G Networks
PSTN/
PSTN/
ISDN
ISDNMN
LCS CBS P
CBC MNP SRR
SAS
or IN IN-SCP
A-GPS
Server

SC IMS
IMS
N
VLR

WBTS
MSS HLR CPS IMR
MGW

S-AXC
RNC IPIP
Network
Network GGSN PDN/
WBTS PDN/
3G- Internet
RA SGSN PC Internet
N N

2 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Nokia IPA2800 Packet Platform

Nokia IPA2800 Packet Platform

IPA2800 Packet Platform is targeted primarily

to those carrier grade applications in which
the emphasis is on the effective user plane
manipulations in both IP and ATM domains

Typical application areas are in network

elements like WCDMA Radio Network
Controller and Gateways
between ATM, IP and TDM networks

3 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

IPA 2800 vs. DX200
There exists many differences between the IPA2800 and the DX200, but
the objective has been to continue to use as many of the features found in
the DX200 as possible.

4 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

IPA 2800 vs. DX200: Hardware
Switching : The use of ATM switching, instead of TDM
Network Interfaces : A variety of network interfaces types
are used and network inter-working is supported
Mechanics : A new mechanics concept and new
dimensioning is used in IPA
Plug-in units : All plug-in units are different in IPA2800
platform and DX 200 platform.

System internal communication :

ATM vs. Message Bus and LAPD channels
Hardware Management System : replaces
wired alarms, and provides new functionality
Compact network elements
Forced cooling with fans

5 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

 Cabinents & Subracks

Up to 2 cabinents
Rack 1 Rack 2
Depends on capacity needed
Subrack 1
4 subracks in each rack

Subrack 2
Cabinent info
type of cabinet
cabinet HMS number Subrack 3

Subracks info
Subrack 4
type of subrack
subrack HMS number

9 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

 Radio Network Controller (RNC)

RNAC RNB
C IPA2800 Platform
O&M functions of RNW
Management of RNW and
resources
Switching and multiplexing
Signalling towards Iu, Iub and
Iur
NEMU

10 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Functional Unit Categories in RNC

Network Interface Units

NIP1, NIS1 and NIS1P

Management and Control Computer Units

OMU, RRMU, RSMU, GTPU, ICSU and NEMU

Signal Processing Units

DMCU

Switching and Multiplexing Units

SFU, MXU and A2SU

Timing and Hardware Management Units

TBU, EHU

12 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

 Redundancy Principles
Duplication (2N)
one spare unit designated for one active unit software in the
unit pair is kept synchronized (hot-standby) -> fast switchover
Replacement (N+1)
one or more units designated to be spare units for a group
allocating resources to a unit defines it as active, not
allocating resources defines to be spare unit can replace any
active unit in the group -> slower switchover, requires
warming (cold-standby) users responsibility to change the
working state of the unit to reflect the resource allocation
situation and to leave at least one spare unit
Load sharing (SN+)
no spare units, group acts as a resource pool number of
units selected so that there is overcapacity, if a few units are
disabled, the whole group can still perform its functions
No redundancy
no special requirements for reliability

13 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Redundancy

Unit Redundancy Unit Redundancy

A2SU SN+ PDU 2N

DMCU SN+ SFU 2N
GTPU SN+ TBU 2N
ICSU N+1 NIS1 2N (optional)
RSMU 2N FDU n
RRMU 2N NEMU n
MXU 2N EHU n
OMU 2N NIP1 n
WDU 2N

2N duplicated units
N+1 one spare unit (to take over the load of a faulty uni
SN+ one units extra capacity (workload shared betwee
n no redundant

14 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Switching Fabric Unit (1/2)

Purpose:
Purpose
Serves as the main switch fabric of the exchange
Operates according to a non-blocking connection principle
Supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connection
topologies
Handles various ATM service categories.

Redundancy:
Redundancy 2N
Plug-in unit:
unit SF10
ATM Switch Fabric Plug-in Unit 10 Gbit/s

15 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Multiplexer Unit

Purpose:
Purpose
Enables connection of the low-to-medium bit-rate signal
processing units and computer units, as well as low-bit-rate
network interface units, to the ATM switch fabric
Performs the multiplexing and demultiplexing of ATM cells
ATM layer management and processing functions such as
header translation, UPC/NPC parameter control, OAM
functions, traffic management

Redundancy:
Redundancy 2N
Plug-in unit:
unit MX622-B / MX622-C / MX622-D
ATM Multiplexer Plug-in Unit 622 Mbit/s

16 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Multiplexing

Traffic from units with lower capacities are multiplexed in order to

utilize switching fabric interface capacity (622 Mbit/s) effectively
Up to 18 tributary units can be connected to one MXU
1.5 .. 2 Mbit/s Max 155Mbit/s

SPU MXU Max 622Mbit/s MXU CU

NIU NIU

CU CU

NIU NIU

CU SPU

. .
. SFU .
. .
SPU MXU MXU CU
NIU NIU
CU CU
NIU NIU
CU SPU

17 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

AAL Type 2 Switching Unit

Purpose:
Purpose
The A2SU is an AAL Type 2 CPS minipacket switching unit,
which is used in association with the Multiplexing Unit (MXU)
Guarantee bandwidth efficient and limits the transfer delay and
of AAL type 2 connection

Redundancy:
Redundancy SN+
Plug-in unit:
unit AL2S / Al2S-A / AL2S-B/AL2S-D
Configurable Dynamic Signal Processing
Platform
(CDSP)

18 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Management and Control Computer Unit

The Management and Control Computer Unit category

comprises the following
functional units:

OMU ( Operation and Maintenance Unit )

NEMU (Network Element Management Unit)
ICSU ( Interface Control Signaling Unit )
RRMU ( Radio Resource Management Unit )
RSMU ( Resource and Switch Management Unit )
GTPU ( GPRS Tunneling Protocol Unit )

19 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Operational and Management Unit

Purpose:
Handles all the RNC's crucial maintenance functions, such as
hardware configuration management, Hardware Management
System (HMS) supervision, and the associated centralised
recovery functions.
Activates appropriate recovery and diagnostics procedures
Serves as an interface between the NEMU and the other units
Houses the databases containing entire system software, alarms
and radio network configuration.

Redundancy: 2N
Plug-in unit: CCP10/CCP18
Control computer, Pentium III Connector 2

20 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

OMU's storage devices

RNAC

New plug-in unit HDS-B,

consist of two Hard Disk
Drive (HDD): One for OMU
and another for NEMU
73 GB formatted storage
capacity/disk
Redundancy type : 2N

21 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Network Element Management Unit

Purpose:
Purpose
Local user interface
Interface towards the higher level network management system (OSS)
Firewall functionality for protecting LAN/Ethernet connections to
environment
O&M functionalities which are not handled by other computer unit
Post-processing of Fault management and Performance Data
Peripheral device control

Redundancy:
Redundancy None
Plug-in unit:
unit MCP18
Management Computer, Pentium III Connector2

22 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

 NEMU

NEMU OMU IPA2800

Local user interface Hardware
OSS configuration
Interface towards the management
higher-level network
management system HMS supervision

Firewall functionality for Associated centralised

protecting LAN/Ethernet recovery functions
connections to
environment Maintenance of the
RNW configuration
O&M functionalities which
GUI are not handled by other Dedicated storage
devices
computer units of the RNC

Post-processing support Interface between the

for measurement and NEMU and other units
statistics

Peripheral device control

23 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

GUI

Navigation View Data

24 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Radio Resource Management Unit

Purpose:
Performs centralized part of telecom signaling

Controls signaling connections between RNC and CN, and between RNCs.
Maintains centralized information, state changes of subsystems, UL
scrambling codes.
Paging message grouping and routing to the RRC protocol according to the
centralized connection information.
Takes care of resource releasing due the fault situations of ICSU units
(e.g. forced switchover, reset, overload)

Redundancy: 2N
Plug-in unit: CCP10/CCP18
Control computer, Pentium III Connector 2

25 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

 Interface Control and Signalling Unit

Purpose:
Handles signalling transaction and RRM functions:
Signalling protocols to Iu, Iub, Iur and Iu-BC interfaces for
- NBAP, RNSAP, RANAP, SABP signalling
- ALCAP (Q.2630.1) signalling
- RRC signalling
Termination of the UNI-SAAL (Iub), NNI-SAAL/MTP-3 (Iur and Iu) and TCP/IP (Iu-BC)
signalling links
Monitoring and recovery of the signalling links
Radio resource management functions
- Admission control (AC)
- Handover control (HC)
- Load control (LC)
- Packet scheduling (PS)

Redundancy: N+1
Plug-in unit: CCP10/CCP18
Control computer, Pentium III Connector 2

26 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Resource and Switch Management Unit

Purpose:
Establishes connections for calls according to requests from the signalling
computer units (ICSUs).
Handles DSP resource management.
Allocation of the DSPs and associated computer resources to different
tasks, such as macrodiversity combining and data traffic functions.
ATM switching management functions:
Establishment of both internal and external connections via the SFU
Management and control of the SFU, A2SU and MXU.
Transmission resource management.
Redundancy: 2N
Plug-in unit: CCP10/CCP18
Control computer, Pentium III Connector 2

27 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

GPRS Tunnelling Protocol Unit

Purpose:
Facilitates RNC connections towards the SGSN
Routing based on GTP tunnel ID
UDP/IP (User Datagram Protocol / Internet Protocol)
protocols termination
IP and GTP protocol processing

Redundancy:
Redundancy SN+
Plug-in unit:
unit CCP10/CCP18
Control computer, pentium III Connector 2

28 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Signal Processing Units

Signal Processing Units

DMCU (Data & Micro Diversity Combining

Unit)

29 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Data and Macro-Diversity Combining Unit

Purpose:
Purpose
WCDMA L1 functions, including macro-diversity combining
(MDC) and outer loop power control.
RLC and MAC functions
PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) protocol processing
GTP termination
Encryption
Redundancy:
Redundancy SN+
Plug-in unit:
unit CDSP-C
Configurable Dynamic Signal
Processing Platform

30 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Network Element Interface Units

These units serve as the trunk network interfaces of the

exchange.
The category comprises the following units:

Network Interface Unit: (ATM )

NIP1 and NIS1

31 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

IMA Group

NI16P1 plug-in-unit available for

IMA (Inverse Multiplexing ATM) MGW
Several T1/E1/JT1s can be
used for one IMA group
IMA Group 116**
116
E1/T1/JT1
E1/T1/JT1
A number of PETs forms a
new physical interface entity NIP1
to increase capacity by using Iu-CS
PDH ETs RNC
Iub: max 8xT1/E1/JT1
Iur: max 16xT1/E1/JT1

32 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

 SONET APS Automatic Protection Switching

The SONET (Synchronous Optical NETwork) APS provides at the

multiplexer section level protection for transmission link (ANSI, Bellcore
standards).
When primary transmission link fails the APS protocol moves traffic to
secondary transmission link automatically.
The implemented Sonet APS protocol Linear APS 1:1.
SETs of the protected interface pair can be located in different NIUs when
protection is used i.e. 2N redundant units are supported.

Secondary
Section 1
SFU NIS1 4 x STM-1
(VC-4)
Occupies
one Int. com . APS port e.g. 622
1 redundant
m Mbit/s
fabric NIS1 4 x STM-1
port (VC-4)
Primary
Section 1
33 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007
Timing, HMS & Power Supply

The clock distribution and Hardware Management

Subsystems in the exchange
use the same two types of plug-in units, namely:

TSS3 ( Timing and Synchronization, SDH Stratum 3/TDM )

TBUF ( Timing and Buffer )

The Power Distribution Subsystem in the exchange uses two

types of plug-in
units, namely:

PD30 ( Power Distribution Plug-in Unit 30 A )

CDP120 ( Cabinet Power Distributor 120 A )

34 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007
Power Distribution System

Purpose:
Distributes the -48 V/-60 V power from the rectifiers or batteries to the
equipment inside the RNC cabinets
Consists of:
CPD80/120 panel inside each cabinet
PD20/30 plug-in units in the subracks
PD20/30 controls the cooling equipment of its own subrack on the
basis of messages sent by the OMU

Redundancy: None
Units: CPD80/120 Cabinet Power Distributor 80/120 A
PD20/30 Power Distribution Plug-in Unit 20/30 A

35 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Timing and Synchronization System

Purpose:
Purpose
Receives an input timing signal from upper network level, and adjusts
its local oscillator to long time mean value and delivers this
synchronised timing signal as system timing to all plug-in units in the
same subrack and TBUF
Operates in plesiochronous mode, if all synchronisation are lost
Collect alarms from the PIUs in the same subrack and transfer them
to HMS master (OMU)
3 synchronisation inputs from line interface card

Redundancy:
Redundancy 2N
Plug-in unit:
unit TSS3 Timing and Synchronization SDH Stratum 3

36 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Timing Buffer

Purpose:
Purpose
The TBUF unit is a clock buffer
Distributes the synchronisation signals generated by the TSS3s
to plug-in units not directly fed by the TSS3s.
Collects the alarms from the PIUS in the same subrack and
transfers them further to the HMS master net, which brings the
alarms to the appropriate OMU.

Redundancy:
Redundancy 2N
Plug-in units:
units TBUF Timing Buffer

37 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007

Timing Bus

38 Nokia Siemens Networks June 2007