VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belgaum - 580 014

A
Project Report
on
Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and GSM with Mobile
Applications
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the award of the Degree
Master of Technology
in
VLSI Design and Embedded Systems
Submitted By
Mr.Shishir R. Patil
(USN: 5XB13LVZ20)
Under the guidance of
Prof. Ujwala Patil

B. V. BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY HUBBALLI-31
2015-2016
 B. V. BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY HUBBALLI-31

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project report entitled Vehicle Tracking System Using
GPS and GSM Technologies with Mobile Application is a bonafide work carried out
by Mr. Shishir R.Patil bearing (USN: 5XB13LVZ20) as a part of VISVESVARAYA
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYS M.Tech in VLSI Design and Embedded Systems at B.
V. Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology, Vidyanagar, Hubballi for the aca-
demic year 2015-2016.

Prof. Ujwala Patil Dr. PriyatamKumar Dr. P G.Tewari

Guide Head of the Department Principal

External Viva
Name of Examiners Signature with date

1) ..................

2)..................
 Abstract
The Global Positioning system is used to track the position of vehicle by receiving the in-
formation from satellite and giving the results as latitudes and longitudes.The Global System
for mobile application has sim slot in which owners mobile number is saved such that any ur-
gent information can be tracked and send immediately.Firstly the GPS gets the information
of vehicle which is displayed on LCD.This information is passed to GSM which has also LCD
Display to track the vehicle information. Immediately after GSM receives information the
owner mobile will be receiving the message as 1521.2369N,07506.4981E.When we use these
values in Google Map we get the exact location of vehicle.It is best suitable to track the
vehicle in any climatic conditions.It can be installed on any type of vehicle and can detect
any sudden change of routes of vehicle and can take actions. It is best suited to give security
and safety for the people and implement some reliable features.Due to more accidents and
thefts there are some devices which detect collision and fire those are accident alert systems
and shock sensors.

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 Acknowledgements
We avail the opportunity to thank Dr. P G.Tewari, Principal, B.V.B. College of Engi-
neering and Technology, Hubli, for all the facilities provided to us and supporting us in all
academic endeavors.

We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to our guide Prof. Ujwala Patil,
for her moral support and frequent suggestions in developing this project. Our humble thanks
to the review committee for instructing us to modify the things done in time.

We extend our thanks to Dr. PriyatamKumar, Head of the Department, Electronics

and Communication, for his support and providing us with all the facilities throughout our
project. We also express our gratitude to our parents for their constant support and encour-
agement.

Finally, we take this opportunity in expressing our gratitude and respect to all those who
directly or indirectly helped and encouraged us during the course of the project.

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Contents

Abstract 3

Acknowledgements 4

List of Figures 7

1 Introduction 8
1.1 Need Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 Literature Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Design Methodology 11
2.1 Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.1 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.2 Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2 Objective Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3 Frame Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4 Conceptual and summary of the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4.1 Internal Circuit Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5.1 Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5.2 GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5.3 GSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5.4 Shock Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5.5 Liquid Crystal Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5.6 MAX 232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.5.7 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

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 2.5.8 LM7805 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3 Results and Conclusions 27

3.1 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4 Future Scope 29

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List of Figures

2.1 Objective tree of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.2 Frame Work of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Internal Circuit diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4 Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.5 GPS Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.6 GSM Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.7 Shock Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.8 Liquid Crystal Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.9 Dual power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.10 Voltage Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.11 Block diagram of voltage Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.1 Output displayed on lcd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

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 Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and GSM with Mobile Applications

Chapter 1

Introduction

The Vehicle position and location is tracked by vehicle tracking system. It is located on
every vehicle like trucks, buses and cars to get exactly the vehicle location by GPS in terms
of latitudes and longitudes from remote areas. When we use these latitude and longitude
values in Google Earth we get exact area of vehicle.

We can calculate the distance travelled between two stations and also can track the vehicle
in any weather conditions. Tracking system is important in modern world because of its use
in solider monitoring, theft of vehicle.

The system is microcontroller based which consists of system called Global Positioning
which finds the position of vehicle and Global System for mobile communication. The system
uses GPS and two way communications is achieved using GSM modem. The GSM modem has
sim card from which message is sent to owners mobile number predefined in microcontroller.

The security to vehicles is provided by system called vehicle tracking and also gives alert
during accidents. When system called global positioning system used in vehicles will help the
owners to track the position and exact location in terms of mobile messages called latitude
and longitudinal messages. When vehicle has met with accident the alert message will be
given by accident alert system to nearby hospital.

The main aim of this system is to find and detect where exactly vehicle is stolen and give
message to control room without actually observing the culprit. This message is also sent
to nearest police station such that can get location and position of vehicle..Fire detection
sensor will immediately sense the fire when vehicle is caught by fire. Interrupt pins will help

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 Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and GSM with Mobile Applications

in detecting fire. The Global Positioning System is used in every type of vehicles because it
calculates the distance travelled, location, position, time such that owner can have complete
knowledge and idea of vehicle movement in terms of latitudes and longitudes.

1.1 Need Analysis

Due to increase in thefts and accidents of vehicle, this popular technology came into exis-
tence known as system of vehicle tracking with GPS and GSM in conjunction with smart-
phone.It can track the vehicle position, vehicle area using Google map. When vehicle has
stolen immediately message goes to nearby police station and to owners mobile. When ve-
hicle is met by an accident the message goes to nearby hospital such that owner life can be
saved.

1.2 Motivation
The main motto why all go for vehicle tracking system is due to its excellent features
that GPS syatems can be installed on their vehicle and know the peculiar movements of
vehicle.It is mainly motivated because system provides security and safety for women.The
owner without going physically can know the position of vehicle.The common man can also
take the better use of it just by reading the text.

1.3 Problem Statement

To track the position of vehicle and give the information to owner, provide safety and
security to vehicle by using shock sensors and fire detectors by using wireless standards like
GSM and GPS.

1.4 Literature Survey

This system is so famous that even common man can type the message and can fetch the
information from control room. It can protect people during fire risk to activate this there
are fire detectors. They can be applied in military navigations, fleet monitoring, vehicle
scheduling, route analysis, and accident detection. We can employ analog to digital converter
sensors which is the biggest merit. It has another important feature they are no chances of
hacking the information this provides facility only to use users who are authorized [1]. In

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this project the important components are Global Positioning System to track and route
the distance, time and give message to owners. By employing this new feature we can have
observation of vehicle where it is taking different movements than required. To support this
there is map called Google map which finds the coordinates of vehicles in time and deliver
to owners and finally displayed on Liquid Crystal display. To find some abnormal conditions
in the system there is processor called field programmable gate arrays which gives message
to owner [2]. This system helps in taxis, trains, buses where on board module is employed
such that long information can be given as Short Message Service so owner can read the text
without any difficulties. There are radio frequency signal transmitters and receivers which
are used in system to send and fetch the data with help of microcontroller. During thefts,
when sms is received by owner the vehicle movement can be interrupted. The thefts of four
wheelers is common hence to avoid those this new technology has come into picture such
that we can have complete data of vehicle where it has been travelled, what is time taken to
cover the distance. A owner without being closer to vehicle can watch vehicle position just
through sms like thefts, accidents, fire [3].The system is not restricted to some applications it
has multi applications like finding where vehicle is stolen so police can find reports on Google
map, vehicle is met by accident message goes to nearest hospital, fire detection system which
can saves the life of people during fire accidents [4].

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 Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and GSM with Mobile Applications

Chapter 2

Design Methodology

The starting point of most design projects is the identification by a client of the problem to
be solved, or need to met. Design methodology can be viewed as an activity that translates
an idea into a blueprint for something useful, whether it is service or process.

2.1 Attributes
The attributes for the project include various objectives, constraints and functions of the
design. The various objectives of the design are as follows:

It can detect the position at any weather condition

Consumes less power and highly reliable.

Less cost and ensures human safety.

2.1.1 Objectives
It is used to track the vehicle position at any time at any place.

It is employed to calculate the distance between two places.

It provides safety for women by enhanced features in the system.

It is used to give security to owners such that they can have keen watch on movement
of vehicle.

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 Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and GSM with Mobile Applications

2.1.2 Challenges
The challenges are the conditions that the project has to meet for the user to access the
project easily. The various challenges of the proposed project are as follows:

It should have the network such that messages can be sent well in time.

The complexity inside should be minimal

Must be easily accessible to all users

Power consumption should be low

2.2 Objective Tree

Objective trees are hierarchical structures; they are for object/process/project being de-
signed, not for the design process.Objective tree is shown in fig 2.1 with various flows from
components to components. Objective trees are used to model the hierarchal nature of
the requirements, or objectives, of a design problem. The data from GPS send to arudino
board and finally coordinates are displayed on liquid crystal display as LAT(N):5345.7869
and LON(E):3455.7765.This tracked information is also sent to user mobile through GSM.

2.3 Frame Work

The various components shown below in fig 2.2 have their own specific functions to perform
in project. The Global Positioning system takes input data from antenna and communicate
with microcontroller by tracking the information of vehicle and send to system called Global
System for mobile modem this in turn sends information to microcontroller. Finally with
latitudes and longitudes we can find the vehicle area and place with help of Google Map. If
vehicle collides with some objects then shock sensor will be activated. The output is displayed
on liquid crystal display with 72.3900, N and 43.23400, E.

2.4 Conceptual and summary of the System

Global Positioning System are connected in every vehicle such that we can know the
position of vehicle to facilitate this the signal will come from GPS satellite. The GSM
modems are fixed at both transmitter and receiver ends so that GSM sends Short Message

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Figure 2.1: Objective tree of the project

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through GSM tower to mobile or laptop hence owner can get text message within fraction of
seconds about his vehicle.

Figure 2.2: Frame Work of the project

2.4.1 Internal Circuit Diagram

The internal circuit diagram shown in fig 2.3 consists of two RS232 connectors and MAX232
IC and microcontroller chip AT89S52 to store the data and shock sensor to detect accidents
and finally LCD Display the latitude and longitudinal values.The two different power sup-
plies are given to GPS and GSM systems.It consists of Bridge Rectifier with four diodes
which convert ac to dc.The voltage regulators are included to maintain constant voltage.The
microcontroller is the heart of internal circuit where actual operations take place.The LCD
is having the dimensions of 16 and 2 which displays latitude and longitudinal information
soon after microcontroller receiving the message from owners mobile.The GPS and GSM are
totally network depedent,we have to wait till gets the signal from satellite.The shock sensors
are connected to OR gate any one collision activates shock sensor.

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Figure 2.3: Internal Circuit diagram

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2.5 Components
The following lists of components required for the system are as follows:
Global system for mobile communication systems
Global Positioning System
Shock Sensor
Microcontroller
Max232
RS232
Liquid crystal display
Power supply
Fire detector
Switch
Crystal oscillator
LM7805
W10M Bridge Rectifier
Light Emitting Diode
Reset Button

2.5.1 Microcontroller
Microcontroller used is AT89c52 which is as shown in the fig 2.4.This is so special be-
cause of numerous functions carried out in single chip. The various memories included are
Nonvolatile memory, flash memory and eeproms.To provide the required oscillations we use
crystal oscillators like xtal1 and xtal2.There are 32 registers among which 8 registers form
one bank so totally four banks contributes 32 registers. We can fetch, execute and decode
the instructions with various commands. The timers like TLO, TL1, TH0, TH1and counters
used to count no of pulses in given cycle.There are 8bit,16bit,32bit microcontrollers.There
are 8051,8089 microcontrollers.These are used because of reduced size and flexbility.It can be
also reprogrammed to other function.

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Figure 2.4: Microcontroller

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2.5.2 GPS
This is one of the new technologies used in our project to find out the vehicle position in
terms of latitudes and longitudes which is shown in the fig 2.5 with verstaile characteristics.
When we use this parameters in Google map we can find out the place and area in which
vehicle is parked without manually going to that point.. The abbreviation of GPS is Global
Positioning System which plays a vital role in finding the position and time of vehicle so that
service is in time. When we find out the position we can easily track where the vehicle is
stolen and give alert message to police.

2.5.3 GSM
The component used for mobile communication is Global System for Mobile Communica-
tion shown in fig 2.6, which is mainly used to communicate with microcontroller and give
the details of vehicle in terms of time and position. The message will be transferred from
GPS system to user mobile or user laptop with help of GSM component through GSM
tower.Firstly data of vehicle is send to microcontroller and finally received by GPS receiver
to owners vehicle.This information to find the area we use software called Google Map.

2.5.4 Shock Sensor

The Sensors shown in fig 2.7,plays a great role in detecting sudden changes in system such
as collision of vehicle or with some other bodies so interrupt pin should be activated. It
consists of sensors namely front end sensor and side impact sensor to detect accidents from
all sides and prevent accidents. To know the collision all sensors connected to OR gate and
finally output connected to interrupt pin such that it will find at least one collision and
provide major protection to owners.

2.5.5 Liquid Crystal Display

Liquid Crystal Display is one of the output devices shown in fig 2.8,which are interfaced
with microcontroller for final result display. This is more useful it displays latitudes and
longitudes in terms of numbers.It has two registers namely command and data.The various
commands are initializing,setting,reseting.The data register will store data to be displayed
in terms of ASCII

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Figure 2.5: GPS Modem

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Figure 2.6: GSM Modem

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Figure 2.7: Shock Sensor

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Figure 2.8: Liquid Crystal Display

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2.5.6 MAX 232

Max232 is special component that can take small voltage levels and drive for high voltage
levels. It functions both as driver and also as receiver so used for transmitting and receiving
signals. The need of voltage level is just +5V but it will generate voltages of different forms
like -10V and +10V supply. It is 16 pin integrated circuit available with larger functions with
less cost. It converts RS232 voltage levels to transistor-transistor-logic levels using drivers
and vice versa using receivers.

2.5.7 Power Supply

Global Positioning Systems will be powered by power supply of vehicles, but some vehicles
are isolated from power supplies during that cases GPS can use their own power supplies with
rugged construction as shown in fig 2.9,that can withstand changing climatic conditions. The
power supply will be given to GPS by batteries which can last for several years. To increase
the battery life and efficiency the updates should be made less.

.The above figure 9 shows the dual power supply which consists of step down transformer
which is used to step down the voltage from 230V to 12V which is having frequency of
50Hz.The step down transformer consists of primary windings which are more in number
and secondary winding which are less in number. The output of 12V AC is given to four
diodes of rectifier for rectification which converts AC voltage to DC.voltage.This circuit is
also called bridge rectifier because four diodes are in the form of bridge. The voltage is not
completely DC but have some AC voltage called ripples. To solve issue of ripples it is pass
ed though filter circuit which removes the ripples and gives pure DC Voltage. These ripples
are removed by capacitor circuit by sending AC components to ground and allowing only
DC components. The voltage regulator is one of the advantage over the power supply by
using regulators like 7805 and 7809 which reduces the bulkiness of the circuit such that we
can switch for different voltages. The 78 represents fixed voltage and 05,09 represents the
required voltage for circuit.

2.5.8 LM7805
The voltage regulator and its block diagram is as shown in the fig 2.10 and fig 2.11 with
inputs and outputs is shown in fig 10. The voltage regulators are useful to regulate the
voltage level and give the output voltage in controlled way. The various voltage regulators
employed in circuit are 7805, 7809, 7812 which can regulate the different voltage levels. The
78 represents fixed voltage and05, 09, 12 represents required voltage. The regulators are

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Figure 2.9: Dual power Supply

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needed as the voltage coming from supply is not constant but always changing in order to
make compatible with other devices these are very essential. It consists of input which is of
5V to 8V,ground normally of 5V,output of 5V. It has some special features like protecting
devices during short circuit conditions and also remove excess heat and act as thermal cutout.

Pin Description
Pin No Function Name
1 Input Voltage from 5V to 8V Input
2 Ground normally 0V Ground
3 Regulated output like 5V,9V,12V Output

Figure 2.10: Voltage Regulator

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Figure 2.11: Block diagram of voltage Regulator

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Chapter 3

Results and Conclusions

The results give confirmation to owner that vehicle can be tracked with position and time
of vehicle accident and theft with correct information at right time and at right place. The
structure of results is shown below as follows:

3.1 Results
Message for theft: Vehicle alert Latitude: 2400.0090, N Longitude: 12100.0000, E Time:
12:00 Message for accident : Accident alert Latitude: 2400.0090, N Longitude: 12100.0000,
E Time: 12:00

3.2 Conclusions
Vehicle tracking system helps to track the vehicle in time using system called Global
Positioning System and also deliver the messages during theft and accidents to owner. We
can track unauthorized movements of vehicle and avoid misuse of it. It tracks position, time,
and area of vehicle just by sending signals and text messages to alert the owners. The main
purpose of this system is to provide safety and security to all people. To track the distance
there is no any limitation we can track from any places and meet the urgency.

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 Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and GSM with Mobile Applications

Figure 3.1: Output displayed on lcd

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Chapter 4

Future Scope

We can reduce the space by installing both GPS and GSM on same module such that
it reduces cost.

We can use very special memories like eeproms to electrically erase the unwanted in-
formation and make space available for useful information..

The thefts are reduced by installing GPS to track the information and give message to
police and owner.

The accidents happenings are much more common so to avoid this accident alert system
have been designed in circuit by using shock sensors.

Once the latitude and longitudes are used in Google map easily we can trace where the
vehicle is parked.

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[1] R.S GAONKAR, Microprocessor architecture programming and Application, WILEY

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[2] KRISHNA KANT Microprocessor and microcontroller, EASTERN COMPANY EDI-

TION NEW DELHI 2007

[3] DANIEL .W.LEWIS Fundamental of embedded software, prentice Hall of India, 2004

[4] WILLIAM STALLING Wireless communication and Networks, 2nd edition, 2005 Pren-
tice hall of India

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