Volleyball

Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six

players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score
points by grounding a ball on the other team's court
under organized rules.[1] It has been a part of the official
program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964.
The complete rules are extensive. But simply, play
proceeds as follows: a player on one of the teams begins
a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and
then hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back
boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the
receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let
the ball be grounded within their court. The team may
touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may
not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first
two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt
to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the
serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded
in their court.The rally continues, with each team allowed
as many as three consecutive touches, until either (1): a
team makes a kill, grounding the ball on the opponent's
court and winning the rally; or (2): a team commits
a fault and loses the rally. The team that wins the rally is
awarded a point, and serves the ball to start the next
rally.
The ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but
players can legally strike or push (short contact) the ball
with any part of the body.A number of
consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball,
including spiking and blocking (because these plays are
made above the top of the net, the vertical jump is an
athletic skill emphasized in the sport) as well
as passing, setting, and specialized player positions and
offensive and defensive structures.

History

On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (United

States), William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education
director, created a new game called Mintonette as a
pastime to be played (preferably) indoors and by any
number of players. The game took some of its
characteristics from tennis and handball. Another indoor
sport, basketball, was catching on in the area, having
been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) away in
the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years
before. Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport,
less rough than basketball, for older members of the
YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort.

The first rules, written down by William G Morgan, called

for a net 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) high, a 25 ft 50 ft (7.6 m
15.2 m) court, and any number of players. A match was
composed of nine innings with three serves for each team
in each inning, and no limit to the number of ball contacts
for each team before sending the ball to the opponents'
court. In case of a serving error, a second try was
allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a
foul (with loss of the point or a side-out)except in the
case of the first-try serve.

After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying

nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896,
played at the International YMCA Training School (now
called Springfield College), the game quickly became
known as volleyball (it was originally spelled as two
words: "volley ball"). Volleyball rules were slightly
modified by the International YMCA Training School and
the game spread around the country to various YMCAs.[2]
[3]

Volley ball court measurements

A volleyball court is 9 m 18 m (29.5 ft 59.1 ft),

divided into equal square halves by a net with a width of
one meter (39.4 in). The top of the net is 2.43 m
(7 ft 11 1116 in) above the center of the court for men's
competition, and 2.24 m (7 ft 4 316 in) for women's
competition, varied for veterans and junior competitions.

The minimum height clearance for indoor volleyball

courts is 7 m (23.0 ft), although a clearance of 8 m
(26.2 ft) is recommended.

A line 3 m (9.8 ft) from and parallel to the net is

considered the "attack line". This "3 meter" (or "10-foot")
line divides the court into "back row" and "front row"
areas (also back court and front court). These are in turn
divided into 3 areas each: these are numbered as follows,
starting from area "1", which is the position of the serving
player:

After a team gains the serve (also known as siding out),

its members must rotate in a clockwise direction, with the
player previously in area "2" moving to area "1" and so
on, with the player from area "1" moving to area "6".
Each player rotates only one time after the team gains
possession of the serve; the next time each player rotates
will be after the other team wins possession of the ball
and loses the point.

The team courts are surrounded by an area called the

free zone which is a minimum of 3 meters wide and which
the players may enter and play within after the service of
the ball.[16] All lines denoting the boundaries of the team
court and the attack zone are drawn or painted within the
dimensions of the area and are therefore a part of the
court or zone. If a ball comes in contact with the line, the
ball is considered to be "in". An antenna is placed on each
side of the net perpendicular to the sideline and is a
vertical extension of the side boundary of the court. A ball
passing over the net must pass completely between the
antenna (or their theoretical extensions to the ceiling)
without contacting them.

Latest general rules of Volleyball

5-5-3b(12): Outlines mechanics for the second referee to

sound a warning whistle at 45 seconds or any other time
when both teams take the court ready to play before the
audio signal (horn) is sounded at 60 seconds. Clarifies all
time-outs are officially ended with the audio signal (horn).
Rationale: The defining end of a time-out shall be the
horn and the warning of the impending end of the time-
out is the second referees whistle at 45 seconds or at
any other time when both teams take the court ready to
play before the audio horn is sounded at 60 seconds.

5-4-3c(17): On a time-out, the first referee shall whistle

the warning if the second referee is still checking the
scoresheet.

Rationale: A procedure is needed for the sounding of the

warning whistle should the second referee still be
involved with checking the scoresheet.

5-8-3a: Outlines the new procedures for the timer to give

the audio signal (horn) only to officially end a time-out
and no longer for the warning at 45 seconds into the
time-out.

Rationale: Clarifies that the audio signal (horn) shall only

be sounded to indicate the official end of a time-out.

9-8-2 New: A replay, is considered, to be a part of a

single play action. Therefore, once a replay has been
called, by the first referee, no requests, e.g., time-out,
service order, lineup, substitution, libero replacement,
etc., may be recognized until after the rally is completed.

Rationale: A replay is a single action to repeat the start

and completion of a rally that was interrupted under Rule
9-8-1. Clarifies when resuming play, all circumstances
should be the same and no requests shall be recognized
for, e.g. time-out, service order, lineup, substitution,
libero replacement etc.
Officials Signals: Omit the illegal substitution signal
(Signal # 20) as the penalty is Unnecessary Delay if
attempting to enter the set and illegal alignment if
observed in the set.

Rationale: The penalty for illegal substitution is

"unnecessary delay--administrative yellow or red card;"
there is no longer a need to have two penalty signals,
illegal substitution and unnecessary delay.

2017-18 VOLLEYBALL MAJOR EDITORIAL CHANGES

2-1-5: Clarifies the language regarding the attack line

shall be solid and one clearly visible color.

5-2-1b: Clarifies when the second referee will indicate

both the nature of the fault and the number of the player
committing the net fault.

2017-2018 Volleyball Editorial Changes

4-1 Penalty 3, 4-2 Penalty 2, 10-3-3, 11-2 Penalties 1 and
2, Sample Sets

2017-18 Volleyball Points of Emphasis

1. Conduct and Privileges of Assistant Coaches
2. Court Boundary Lines and Attack Lines
3. Second Referee-Handling of Request for Third Time-Out
4. Letters of Authorization
5. Mechanics of Signals and Communication

Important tournaments
 Olympic Games: since 1964, quadrennially

Men's World Championship: since 1949,

quadrennially[a]

Women's World Championship: since 1952,

quadrennially

Men's World Cup: since 1965, quadrennially

Women's World Cup: since 1973, quadrennially

World Grand Champions Cup: since 1993,

quadrennially

World League (Men): since 1990, annually

World Grand Prix (Women): since 1993, annually

Men's Club World Championship: since 1989,

annually

Women's Club World Championship: since 1991,

annually
and the following international under-age volleyball
tournaments:

Youth Olympic Games: 2010

Men's U23 World Championship: since 2013,

biennially

Women's U23 World Championship: since 2013,

biennially
 Men's U21 World Championship (Junior): since 1977,
biennially

Women's U20 World Championship (Junior): since

1977, biennially

Boys' U19 World Championship (Youth): since 1989,

biennially

Girls' U18 World Championship (Youth): since 1989,

biennially
and the following international beach volleyball
tournaments:

Olympic Games: since 1996, quadrennially

World Championship: since 1997, biennially

World Tour: since 1989, annually

and the following international under-age beach volleyball
tournaments:

Youth Olympic Games: 2014

U23 World Championships: since 2013, annually

U21 World Championships: since 2001, annually

U19 World Championships: since 2003, annually

U17 World Championships: since 2014, annually

VOLLEYBALL TERMINOLOGY

10 Ball or Pipe - A high set around the 10-foot line,

intended for a back row hitter.

10-foot line or attack line - A line on the court 10

feet from the net, parallel with the net. Players in the
back row cannot attack the ball above the net while in
front of this line; however, if a player jumps from
behind the line toward the net and hits the ball before
landing on the court in front of the line, the attack is
legal.

ACE - A serve that results directly in a point without

further action by players on the serving team.
Typically, the ace can be detected due to an inability to
touch the served ball or a shanked pass by a player on
the receiving team. However, if the serve-receiving
player passes the ball to another player and that
second player can make a play on it, but doesn't, this
serve is not considered an ace.

ANTENNA - The vertical rods along the outside edge

of the net extending 32 inches above the net to
indicate out-of-bounds along the sideline. Any ball that
touches the antenna is considered out.

ASSIST - Passing or setting the ball to a teammate

who attacks the ball for a kill. The typical assist is a
set, but generally, any ball delivered by one player to a
second player to allow that second player to make a
kill is an assist.

ATTACK - A broad term that can mean many different

things. At a high level, this term is used to describe the
offensive scheme or pattern with which a team
attempts to score a point. At a lower level, this term
refers to the attempt by a player to score a point by
hitting the ball in some manner.

Attack Attempt - The attempt by a player to

terminate a play by hitting the ball to the floor on the
opponent's side.

BACK SET - A set made when the player who is

setting the ball has his/her back toward the hitter.
Normally the setter back sets but occasionally, a
player other than the setter decides to get fancy and
back sets to the designated hitter. It looks more
difficult than it really is. Many players master back
setting at an early age.

BACK ROW ATTACK - Typically, a player who has

rotated to the back row jumps behind the 3-meter line
to hit the ball. When done by a flashy player who puts
some heat on the ball, the play is visually spectacular.
However, regardless of whether a player takes off, any
play involving a back row player attacking the ball is
considered a back row attack. When accomplished by
a short defensive specialist, the crowd goes wild with
delight.

BLOCK - The first line of defense where one or more

players successfully terminate a rally or play in their
favor by stopping the ball from traveling over the net.
Typically, the blocking player(s) jump in front of the
opposing hitter at the net to make contact with the ball
in such a way that the ball lands inbounds on the
opposing hitter's court or hits the opposing hitter
before falling out of bounds. See ROOF.

Blocking Error - A violation that consists of touching

the net, crossing the center line, blocking a set or any
other violation which occurs while making a block
attempt.

BUMP - The use of the forearm to pass or set the ball

in an underhand manner.

CARRY - An illegal maneuver in which a player makes

an underhand contact with the ball where the duration
of the contact last for more than the maximum amount
of time. Needless to say, this is a very subjective call.

CENTER LINE - The boundary that runs under the net

and divides the court into two equal playing areas.

PIPE - A play which involves the setter delivering the

ball high and to the middle of her side of the court so
that a back row player (usually an athletic hitter who
happened to be in the back row at the time due to the
rotation) can leap and strike the ball with maximum
force to terminate the play for a point or sideout for
the offensive team. This is a special case of a BACK
ROW ATTACK, because the location of the set ball and
the hitter is somewhere along the middle of the
offensive side of the court.

POWER ALLEY - A cross court hit traveling away from

the spiker to the farthest point of the court.

READY POSITION - The flexed, yet comfortable,

 posture a player assumes before moving to the point
of contact.

Red Card - A more severe sanction given by the up-

referee.

UNDERHAND SERVE - Although most players serve

overhand for greater power, the underhand serve was
successfully employed by the Japanese teams.
Arguably, the underhand serve is a more conservative,
"safer," and accurate serve than the overhand serve.

Up Referee - The main referee. He/she stands up on a

stand.

USAV - United States Volleyball (formerly USVBA)

Yellow Card - Warning given by the up-referee.

Sports gear and importance

Solid Ball

Contrary to popular belief, not all volleyballs are the

same. The ball is the single most important piece of
equipment in the game. A good ball will alleviate pain
caused by hitting it over the net or between teammates.
If a game is being played indoors, a leather ball will work
best. It cannot be used outside because it may become
wet and damaged. A cloth ball may be used as well. This
will not sting as much on the arms and lasts a long time
without costing a fortune. For outdoor play, a synthetic
leather ball is recommended.

Knee Pads

Volleyball knee pads prevent injuries. However, a person

should choose pads according to age and experience. For
instance, younger athletes should use thicker pads, since
these players have less experience diving for the ball.
Older athletes with more knowledge may choose thinner
knee pads. They work well to prevent bruising and burns.
All knee pads must fit comfortably around the leg area.

Ankle Braces

The most common injury associated with a volleyball

player is a sprained ankle. To avoid the problem, it is wise
to invest in a good pair of ankle braces. Since braces
have proven to lower injuries by 40 percent, certain
volleyball team coaches mandate them. They provide
stability to the area without compromising activity. Lace-
up braces guard the sides, front, and back of the ankles.
They are especially important when setting the ball, at
the time of frequent under-the-net contact.

Proper Footwear
Mens and womens volleyball shoes are essential gear for
the game. These shoes contain a gum rubber sole to
provide maximum traction. These shoes are designed to
protect the foot during side-to-side movement. The front
padding of the shoes is thick, so the legs do not suffer
pain from continuous jumping. A smart shoe choice will
be made of leather and contain a low heel. This provides
top support and helps to prevent sprains as well.

Volleyball Duffle Bag

After having the right volleyball gear and clothing, it is

important to have a dedicated piece of equipment to
keep everything organized and easy to access. The bag
should be simple to carry. Most people prefer a backpack
style, where the weight can be evenly distributed across
both shoulders. The bag should also contain numerous
compartments and pockets. This will give space to
separate equipment and keep clean items away from
sweaty and used garments.

Sports personality of volley ball

Jimmy George

Jimmy George (March 8, 1955 in Peravoor November

30, 1987) is often considered one of the greatest
volleyball players of all time and was a member of India
men's national volleyball team.[1] He was the first Indian
volleyball player to become a professional and played
club volleyball in Italy.[2]

Jimmy George was born to the famous Kudakkachira

family, at Thondiyil near Peravoor in Kannur district, as
the second son of George Joseph and Mary George. He
learned to play volleyball from his father, a former
university-level player. He played for St. Joseph's High
School in Peravoor. In 1970, Jimmy became a member of
the University of Calicut volleyball team. In 1973, he
joined St. Thomas College, Pala. Jimmy represented the
Kerala University four times from 1973 to 1976. The
Kerala team won the All India Inter-University
Championship during these four years. He was the
captain of the team in 1973. He secured a berth in the
Kerala State Team at the age of 16, in 1971, and
thereafter he represented the state nine times.

In 1976, Jimmy quit medical college to join Kerala

Police where he remained a member of the police team
until his death. He took leave from the Kerala Police in
1979 and went to the Persian Gulf to play for Abu Dhabi
Sports Club. In 1982 he left Abu Dhabi to join Coletto Club
at Treviso in Italy and played for them for a season. He
then switched to System Impiani and played for them in
1983-84. Returning to India he rejoined Kerala Police,
played his last Nationals at Kanpur in 1985 and went back
to Italy to play for Arrital team. In 1987-88 he signed a
contract with Eurostyle-Euroslba team at Montchiari in
Brescia and it was during that period that he died in a car
crash.[2]
Jimmy played for India's national volleyball team in
the Asian Games in Tehran (1974), Bangkok (1978) and in
Seoul (1986) where India won the bronze medal. He was
captain of the Indian team that played at Saudi Arabia in
1985, and led the Indian team to victory in India Gold Cup
International Volleyball Tournament at Hyderabad in
1986.

At age 21, Jimmy George was the youngest volleyball

player to win the Arjuna Award. He was given the G.V.
Raja Award in 1975 and won the Manorama Award, for
the best sportsman of Kerala, in 1976. He was judged the
best player in the Gulf Region while playing for Abu Dhabi
Sports Club, from 1979-82. He played as a professional in
Italy from 1982-1984 and 1985-1987, and in his prime
was considered one of the best attackers of the world. In
2000, Malayala Manorama, a newspaper in Malayalam,
honored him as the best sportsman of Kerala of the 20th
century.2016 malayalam film karimkunnam sixes starring
Anoop menon and Manju warrier pays tribute to Jimmy
George

Balwant Singh Sagwal

Balwant Singh Sagwal (died 14 November 2010),

popularly known as Ballu,[1] was
an Indian volleyball player, considered a star of the India
men's national volleyball team.[2]His Son Narender is a
professional Volleyball player . Narender play for Indian
volleyball Team . Kaul Village also organised Balwant
Singh Ballu Memoriel tournament ( after his death &
orgained by Kaul Village & also by his son Narender ) in
his born place ( his village ) Kaul ( Kaithal ) Participate all
India top 8 Teams . Sagwal was a tall, ungainly youth. His
height was 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) with correspondingly
big hands and feet.[citation needed] He was from a modest
background[citation needed] and joined the Border Security
Force (BSF) in Jalandhar, Punjab, which had a reputation
for producing quality volleyball players at the time.[3]

In the mid-1960s and into the 1970s, he was responsible

for helping Punjab achieve national success,[4] and he was
awarded the country's top sporting honor, the Arjuna
Award,[5] in volleyball in 1972 for his excellent
sportsmanship and contribution to the national team.
[citation needed]
Sagwal played for India in Asian Games
of 1970, 1974, and 1978.[5] He also played test matches
for India in 1970, 1978 and 1980.[citation needed]

The first National Volleyball Championship in which

Sagwal took part was that of 1965 and he continued to
play in the Nationals till 1988.[citation needed] Between 1968
and 1981, Punjab won National Championships 10 times
largely due to the performance of Sagwal.[citation
needed]
Sagwal participated in the All India Police Games
from 1966 to 1990 representing Punjab Police and BSF.
[citation need
Nripjit Singh Bedi

Nripjit Singh Bedi (commonly known as Nippy") (born

June 1, 1940) is a volleyball player who was a member of
the Indian national team and competed in the silver
medal-winning effort at the 4th Asian Games. Bedi
received the Arjuna Award from the Government of
India in 1962. The Indian athlete's volleyball career lasted
for 23 years. He served as a Commandant with
the Border Security Force (BSF) of Punjab before his 1995
retirement.[1][2] Bedi was born in Dhariwal in
the Gurdaspur district of Punjab, India. He was the
youngest of 6 siblings. He started playing at an early age
of 9 when he used to watch others play in the fields at
Dhariwal. He would watch the older players and picked up
on the technique and improved on them. His name
'Nippy' became a name to be contended for and the
opponents would get scared by the mere mention of his
name! Bedi competed at the 4th Asian Games
in Jakarta (1962) when the Indian national volleyball
squad was a silver medalist and at the Asian
Games in Bangkok (1966)). The following year, the Indian
team won a bronze medal in Delhi (1963), prior to
the Tokyo Olympics held in the latter half of 1964.

Bedi received the Arjuna Award in 1962 and was the first
awardee from Punjab state. He was also the first ever
member of the Punjab Police and BSF to be a recipient for
achievements in volleyball.[3] Over a decade later, Bedi
was declared "Sportsman of the Year" by the Punjab
government in 1974.
He served as a Commandant with the Boarder Security
Force (BSF) before his retirement in 1995. His command
took him all over India like Jammu Kashmir - Mendher,
West Bengal - Raiganj, Malda, Rajasthan, Gujarat - Rann
of Kutch, Punjab - Dera Baba Nanak, Fazilka.

More recently, Bedi was the recipient of the President's

Police Medal for meritorious service in 1992 and with a
Lifetime Achievement Award by the Punjab police, the
latter given by the chief minister of Punjab in 2007.

K. Udayakumar

Karunakarakurup Udayakumar was an India men's

national volleyball team player known for his allround
skills at offence and defence and a member of the Indian
volleyball team during what many consider as the golden
era of Indian volleyball.[1][2] A former captain of the Indian
national volleyball team, Udayakumar was a member of
the team, which included Jimmy George and Cyril C.
Valloor, that won the Bronze medal in the 1986 Asian
Games held in Seoul.[3][4][5] Udayakumar played for the
Kerala police Volleyball team.[6] The Government of India,
in 1991, honoured his services to Indian volleyball by
bestowing on him, the second highest Indian sports
award, the Arjuna Award. Udayakumar was born in 1960,
at the coastal hamlet of Mararikulam, known for the
famous Marari beach, in Alappuzha district of the south
Indian state of Kerala, to Parambil Vettil Karanakarakurup
and Ammani Amma. He started playing volleyball from an
early age, beginning his career at MAC MARARIKULAM , a
Local Volleyball Club where his talents were first noticed
by the public .

MAC MARARIKULAM is presently known as

K.UDAYAKUMAR Floodlight Stadium

. He earned a national senior team berth in 1982, when

India hosted the Asian Games at New Delhi. However, the
finest hour of his career came, in 1986, when the Indian
volleyball team, composed of Udayakumar, Jimmy
George, Cyril C. Valloor, Abdul Razak, Sandeep Singh
and Abdul Basith, won the bronze medal at the 1986
Asian Games in Seoul, Korea.[1] Three years later, he
captained the Indian team to silver medal at the 1989
SAF Games. Udayakumar represented India in the Asian
Senior volleyball championships at Tokyo in 1983 and at
Kuwait in 1987 and played for India in three SAF Games.

Udayakumar was active in club level professional

volleyball, too. Opening with Kerala State Electricity
Board team, he played for Travancore Titanium, before
joining Kerala Police team, in 1985, where he ended his
club career. In between, he also played for a professional
team in Qatar for a while.[8]

A. Ramana Rao
Arikapudi Ramana Rao (born 1 July 1945) is a
former Indian volleyball player.[1] He was born in
Chamallamudi village, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh.
He is a recipient of both the Arjuna Award for the year
19771978 and Dronacharya Award for the year 1990
1991.

Ramana Rao started playing volleyball after joining

college. He graduated from Hindu College, Guntur in
1966. From the year 1966 to 1976 he participated in the
National Volleyball Championships and Captained the
Tamil Nadu State team consecutively for four years. He
played for the Tamil Nadu State team which won the
National Volleyball Championship title for the first time
at Tiruchirapalli in 1976.

He was the head coach for the Indian men's volleyball

team at the Asian Men's Volleyball
Championship at Perth in 1991. He was also the first
Indian volleyball coach to qualify as FIVB Instructor in the
German Democratic Republic in 1986 and went on to
conduct the International Coaches Courses in India and
abroad. He was nominated as a Member AVC Coaches
Committee of the Asian Volleyball Confideration (AVC)
from 19931997

Ramana Rao is nominated as the Director of

the FIVB Regional Development Centre, Chennai, India.
Currently he is the President of Andhra Pradesh Volleyball
Association.[2] He is the Chairman, Coaching Committee,
Volleyball Federation of India.[3]
Arunima Sinha

Arunima Sinha (born 1988) is the first

Indian amputee to climb Mount Everest.[1] She is also the
first female amputee to climb Mount Everest.[2][3]

She was a national level vollyball player who was pushed

from a running train by thieves in 2011 while she was
resisting them. As a result, one of her legs had to be
amputated below the knee.

Her aim was to climb all the continents' highest peaks

and put the national flag of India. She has already done
five peaks: 1. Everest in Asia, 2. Kilimanjaro in Africa,
3. Elbrus in Europe, 4. Kosciuszko, Australia and
5. Aconcagua in Argentina as the world's five highest
peaks.6. Carstensz Pyramid (Puncak Jaya), Indonesia.
[citation needed]

While still being treated in the All India Institute of

Medical Sciences, she resolved to climb Mount Everest,
[16]
She was inspired by cricketer Yuvraj Singh and
television shows , who had successfully battled cancer,
"to do something" with her life.[17] She excelled in the
basic mountaineering course from the Nehru Institute of
Mountaineering, Uttarkashi, and was encouraged by her
elder brother Omprakash to climb Everest with
a prosthetic leg,[18] which was arranged by raising funds
with the help of a swami of Ramakrishna Mission,
Vadodara.[19][20]
She contacted Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to
climb Mount Everest, in 2011[16] by telephone[18] and
signed up for training under her at the Uttarkashi camp of
the Tata Steel Adventure Foundation (TSAF) 2012.[21]

Sinha climbed Island Peak (6150 metres) in 2012 as

preparation for her ascent of Everest[