SOLUTIONS WITH EXPLANATIONS

in
PHYSICS
1. (a) Here, m A, 1.5
A m A A
sin sin

s.
2 2
A A
sin sin
2 2
A A
2 sin cos
iim
=
2 2
A
sin
2
3 A 3
2 cos 1.5
2 2 2
4a

A 3
cos
2 4
A 3 3
cos 1 or A 2 cos 1
2 4 4
m

2u sin u sin 5
2. (a) Given, 5 = or
8 g 2
Maximum height =
u 2 sin 2 8 u 2 sin 2
Ai

2g 2 g2
2
g 5 10 25
= 31.25 m
2 2 2 4
3. (b) Let h be the depth of bottle in water then
m 200
Ahg = mg or h = 4 cm
A 50 1
Now time period,
h 1 1 g
T 2 or
g T 2 h
7 980
= 2.5 Hz
2 22 4
4. (b) Here, r = 80m, v = 36kmh-1 = 36x(5/18) g 2T
ms-1 = 10 m s-1 ( y 2x )
g l T
tan =
v2

10 1 2

rg 80 10 8
1 1
or tan 11. (b) Maximum tension an elevator can
8 tolerate is
5. (a) From circuit diagram 1
T stress x area of cross-section
Output, Y = A B 3
Thus, circuit behave like NOR gate
1 2
=
1
3

2.4 10 8 3 10 4 2.4 10 4 N
6. (d) Kinetic energy, K = mv 0
2 If a is the maximum upward acceleration of

in
2K elevator then T = m(g + a)
or v 0 or 2.4 x 104 = 1200 (10 + a)
m
On solving, a = 10 m s-2
When kinetic energy is doubled then
12. (b) As dQ = CpmT

s.
2 2k 2K 70 = Cp x 2(35 = 30)
v0 2 2v0
m m Cp = 7 cal/mole/0C
Cv = C p - R
But 2 v 0 v e (escape velocity)
= 7 - 1.99 = 5.01 cal mol-1 0C-1
Hence satellite will escape out of earth's
iim dQ' = CvmT
gravitational field. = 5.01 x 2 x (35 - 30) = 50.1 cal
n 1C V1 n 2 C V2
7. (a) Here, 13. (c) For mixture, Cv =
R 1 1 / 2, R 2 1 / 4, R 3 1 / 6 n1 n 2
or equivalent conductance, 5 3
3 R 1 R
2 2 9R
4a

1
G 12 S 3 1 4
Rp
9R 13R
0 2i1 0 2i 2 Cp = C V + R = R
8. (b) 10T 4 4
4 r 4 r 14. (c) In an elastic collision of a very heavy body
0 2i1 0 2i 2 with a very light body at rest, the speed of
30t
m

4 r 4 r lighter body becomes twice the speed of the

On solving i1 = 20A and i2 = 10 A. heavier body, i.e., v2 = 2u1 = 120 km h-1.
i1/i2 = 2
9. (d) Magnetic field at the centre of primary 15. (b) Given
y = asin (t - kx) and y = acos (t - kx)
Ai

coil B = 0i1/2R1. Considering it to be

uniform, magnetic flux passing through Here, the phase difference between the two
secondary coil is
waves is .
0 i1
2 BA
2R 1
R 22 2
So, the resultant amplitude,

0 R 22 A a 12 a 22 2a 1a 2 cos
Now, M 2
i1 2R 1
Here a12 a, a 2 a,
R 22 2
M
R1 A a 2 a 2 2a 2 cos
2
10. (c) From T 2 ; g 4 2
g T2 or A a 2 a 2 0 a 2a

16. (b) For the first time line of Balmer series,

 1 1 1 5R The applied force of 2.8 N is less than f ms (=8
R 2 2 N) and as such the block does not move.
1 2 3 36 When the block is at rest,
For the second line of Balmer series friction force = applied force = 2.8 N
1 1 1 3R
R 2 2
2 2 4 16
26. (a) Angular momentum is an axial vector, so
5R / 36 20 its direction is along the axis, perpendicular
2 ;
1 3R / 16 27 to the plane of motion which is not changing
because of change of speed. Therefore, the
20 o
direction of angular momentum remains the
or 2 6561 A
27 same and its magnitude may vary.
17. (c) As R = N, n= N, or = (n/N) 27. (b) Potential energy at the required height

in
0.693 0.693N 490
T1 / 2 s = 245J
n 2
hc Again, 245 = 2 x 10 x h
18. (a) As K max 0 245

s.
or h = m = 12.25 m
= 3.1eV - 2eV = 1.1eV 20
V0 = 1.1V 28. (b)
19. (a) RP of a reflecting microscope 29. (b) The value of g at latitude is
2 sin g' = g - R2cos2
=
iim
If earth stops rotating, = 0, g' = g

It means the weight of body will increase.
20. (b) Iron is most suitable for electromagnets
30. (a) Velocity, v = cost
and transformers, because of low energy
losses. = 0.4
21. (b) Here, R = 10, L = 2H 2 2 2 1
=rx cos 2 r
V = 120 V, = 60Hz 16 16 16 2
4a

22 0.4 16 2 3.21 2
XL = L = 2L = 2 x x 60 x 2 = 754.3 or r 1.44m
7 2
2
10 754.3 754.35
2 2 2
Z= R XL 0.035
31. (c) Here, m = , T 77 N
V 120 5.5
Iv A 0.16A Velocity on the string is
m

Z 754.3
A v T/m
77

77 x5.5
110ms 1
22. (b) As 0 4 0 R
d 0.035 / 5.5 0.035
6 / 2
3
A
d 2.25 10 2 cm 32. (b) Here, u = -25cm, v = -1 m = -100 cm
Ai

4R 4100 1 1 1 1 1 3
= 2.25 x 10-4m
f v u 100 25 100
F 3000 N
23. (a) As E 1000 N C 1 or f
100 1
cm m
q 3C 3 3
dr = 1 cm = 10-2m Therefore, required power,
dV = E(dr) = 1000 x 10-2 = 10V
1 1
24.
(a) Force on the electron F e v B . As
P=
f m 1 / 3
electron is travelling in a plane P = 3D
perpendicular to the plane of wire, so angle
33. (d)
between v and B is either 00 or 1800 and sin 2 2
00 or sin 1800 = 0. 34. (c) As, x

25. (a) As fms = s mg = 0.4 x 2 x 10= 8N.
= 2
 I1I 2 cos
I = I 1 + I2 + 2
2
1 1
2

or | a |
= I'I'2I' cos 2 2 2
I = 2I' + 2I' = 4I'
1
or | a | m s-2 towards north-west.
When x =, then 2
6
38. (c)
2 2

6 6 U1
1 2 1
2

kx 1 5 10 3 5x10 2 h 2
2

2 = 6.25 N m
I1 I' I'2 I' I' cos
6
kx 2 5 10 3 5 5 10 4
1 2 1
U2
2
I1 = 2I' + 2I' (1/2)
2 2
I1 = 3I'
= 25 N m

in
I 3I' 3 Work done = U2 - U1 = 25.0 - 6.25
1
I 4 I' 4 = 18.75 N m
3 39. (b): According to kinetic theory of gases, gas
or I1 I molecules behave as a perfectly elastic rigid

s.
4
spheres.
35. (b) According to the principle of
conservation of angular momentum, I = 40. (b): Here, E and B are acting along x-axis

constant and v is along y-axis i.e. perpendicular to

As I is doubled, becomes half
iim both E and B . Therefore, the path of
1 2 charged particle is a helix with increasing
Now K.E. of rotation, K = I speed. Speed of particle at time t is
2
Since I is doubled and is halved, K.E. will v v 2x v 2y
K
become half i.e. . qE 0 5
2 Here, v y v0 ; vx t and v v0
36. (b) Radius of nth orbit in hydrogen like m 2
4a

atoms is Putting values in (i), we get

a 0n 2 mv 0
rn t
Z 2qE 0
where a 0 is the Bohr's radius 41. (a) : Assertion and Reason both are correct
and Reason is the correct explanation of
For hydrogen atom, Z = 1
m

assertion.
r1 = a0 ( n = 1 for ground state)
For Be3+, Z =4
42. (a) : The rays of all colours incident on a
a 0n 2 concave mirror at the same angle are
rn
reflected at the same angle. As there is no
Ai

4
According to given problem chromatic aberration, the reflected image is
white.
r1 rn
43. (b) When two bodies are moving in opposite
n 2a 0 directions, relative velocity between them is
a0 equal to sum of the velocity of bodies. But if
4
the bodies are moving in same direction their
N=2
relative velocity is equal to difference in
37. (b) Velocity in eastward direction = 5i velocity of the bodies.
Velocity in northward direction = 5 j 44. (a) : The resistance of that half portion of the
metallic wire (heated red hot) on which cold
5 j 5i water is poured decreases due to fall in its
Acceleration a
10 temperature. This results in a decrease in the
1 resistance of the entire wire. As a result, the
1
or a j i current in the wire increases and the other
2 2 half pc lion becomes hotter than before.
. Here, r depends on K(which is given to be
45. (b): Reason is false. When voltage is the same for both the particles) and as such
extremely high, current is extremely weak. not on their masses.
Therefore, energy loss in long distance 54. (a)
transmission of ac. becomes negligible.
55. (a) As
46. (a); A body subjected to three concurrent 2S
forces is in equilibrium if their resultant is hR = = a finite constant.
zero.
g
Hence when the tube is of insufficient length,
p
47. (a) : As p = mv, pv, and F = the rate radius of curvature of the liquid meniscus
t increases, so as to maintain the product hR a
of change of momentum is greater in a finite constant, i.e., as h decreases, R
quicker collision between two bodies. The increases and the liquid meniscus becomes

in
quicker collision between two bodies is more more and more flat, but the liquid does not
violent due to greater force. overflow.
48. (a) : Time taken for the light emission from an 56. (b): The time period of a oscillating spring is
atom 10-8 s. given by,

s.
Time taken for release of energy in fission
m 1
10-6 T 2 i.e. T . Since the spring
10 8 1 k k
Required ratio = 6
1 : 100 constant is large for hard spring, therefore
10 100 hard spring has a less periodic time as
iim
compared to soft spring.
49. (c) : The reason is not true. The junction of a 57. (a) : Second law of thermodynamics can be
transistor in working order has low explained with the help of example of
resistance, when forward biased and it has refrigerator, as we know that in refrigerator,
high resistance, when reverse biased. The the working substance extracts heat from
assertion, however is true. colder body and rejects a large amount of
50. (d): Only a charged particle initially at rest heat to a hotter body with the help of an
4a

moves along the electric field line. In case,
the charged particle is in motion and its
initial velocity is at an angle with the electric
field line, the particle may follow a parabolic
path
51. (b): Since ionospheric properties change with
m
external agency i.e., the electric supply of the
refrigerator. No refrigerator can ever work
without external supply of electric energy to
it.
58. (a) : According to the property of persistence
of hearing, the impression of a sound heard

time, the sky wave signals are in gneral less 1

stable than ground wave signals.. persists on our mind for sec. Therefore,
52. (b): When a body slides, its entire PE is 10
converted into KE of translation. But when it number of beats per sec should be less than
rolls down, same part of its PE is converted 10. Hence difference in frequencies of two
Ai

into its KE of rotation, thereby reducing its sources must be less than 10. [beats per sec =
KE of translation and hence its linear velocity 2 - 1]
53. (d):A s 59. (a)
2 2 60. (a): Both the assertion and reason are true
mv mv 2K
qE ,r and latter explains the former correctly.
r qE qE
1 2
CHEMISTRY
(where K= mv )
2
61. (c) : The disaccharide maltose (malt sugar) is
1 formed by the condensation of two
i.e., r
q molecules of -D-glycopyranose in which C1
Since electron and proton have equal charge, of one glucose unit is connected to C4 of the
r is the same for both of them. other glucose unit.
62. (d) Solid CO2 is dry ice in which carbon atom
undergoes sp-hybridisation.
63. (b) C2H5Br + KCN(alco) C2H5CN+KBr
Ethylbromide
64. (b): In alkaline solution, KMnO4 is first
reduced to manganate and then to insoluble
manganese dioxide.
2KMnO4 + H20 alkaline 2MnO2 + 2KOH +
3[O]
65. (a) Rhombic sulphur is insoluble in water but
readily soluble in carbon disulphide, CS2. It
dissolves to some extent in benzene, alcohol
74. (a) : Colloidal solutions are prepared by
peptisation method, whereas coagulation
and electrophoresis are the properties of
colloidal solution.
75. (d) Aldehydes having no - H atoms
undergo Cannizzaro reaction. Hence all the
given compounds (except PhCH2CHO has -
H atom) will undergo Cannizzaro reaction.
76 (a) : Nylon 2-nylon 6 is an alternating
polyamide copolymer of glycine (H2N
CH2COOH) and amino caproic acid
[H2N(CH2)5COOH].
77. (a) For adiabatic conditions, PV = Constant

in
and ether also. 1
66. (a) : Penicillin is a bactericidal whereas P1 V1 P2 V2 ; V2 V1
2
erythromycin, tetracycline and
chLoramphenicol are bacteriostatic V
antibiotics P2 P1 1 [For diatomic gas, 1.4]

s.
67. (a):
V2
1.4
Complex Coordination No. V 2
Co2(CO)8 4 P2 P1 1
Mn2(CO)10 5
V1
iim
P2 P1 2 2 ?
1.4 1.4
[Fe(en)2NH3 5
[Cr(OH)3(NH3)3] 6 78. (b) Using expression, = n n 2 B.M.
(where, h = no. of unpaired electrons)
68. (b): ClF3 and BrF3 are used for the production
of UF6 in the enrichment of U235.
Ion Outer configuration n
Us 3ClF3l UF6g 3ClFg
22Ti 3d2 2 2.84
2+
4a

69. (a): Due to high electronegativity and small 24Cr2+ 3d4 4 4.90
size, fluorine forms only one oxoacid, HOF
27Co 3d 4 4.90
3+ 6+
known as fluoric(I) acid or hypofluorous
25 Mn 2+ 3d 5 5 5.92
acid.
79. (d) Acidified KMnO4 oxidises H2S to S only.
70. (b): The atomic radii of noble gases are by far
the largest in their respective periods. This is 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2S K2SO4 +
2MnSO4 + 5S + 8H2O
m

due to the reason that noble gases have only

van der Waals radii.
71. (a) : Due to decrease in bond (H-E, where E =
O, S, Se, Te) dissociation enthalpy down the
group, acidic character increases.
Ai
80. (c) The main component of photochemical
smog is peroxyacetyl nitrate, (PAN). The
other components are ozone, nitric oxide,
acrolein and formaldehyde.

Hence, the order is : 81. (b) The given reaction is

H 2g I 2 g HIg
H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2te 1 1
72. (a) In the blast furnace, Si02 is removed as 2 2
calcium silicate.
Hence, Kc =
HI
CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3
Hux Gangue (Slag)
H 2 1 / 2 I 2 1 / 2
(Imparity) Now, reverse the eqn. (i) and multiply by 2,
73. (a) : In Halls process, for purifying the we get
bauxite ore, the solution containing sodium 2HI H2(g) + I2(g)
meta aluminate is warmed to 50-60C and
Hence, K'c
H 2 I 2
carbon dioxide is circulated through it,
Al(OH)3 separates out as precipitate.
HI2
2NaAlO2 CO + 3H2O 2Al(OH)3 + Equating equations (ii) and (iii), we get
Na2CO3
 1 *2py1
K'c
K c 2 O22- 18 KK 2s2 *2s2 1.0
2pz2 2px2 = 2py2
82. (a) Using the relation
*2px2 = * 2py2
3 75%
t 87.5% t
2 Hence, the correct B.O. is O2+ > O2- > O22-.
3 4 88. (b) Let the oxidation no. of Br be x.
t 87.5% 6h In KBrO4 1 + x + 4 (-2) = 0, -7 + x = 0,
2 1
x=+7
83. (b) For the reaction, A(g) B(g) + C(g)
89. (c) The production of dihydrogen can be
t=0 Pi 0 0
increased by reacting carbon monoxide of
t (Pi -x) x x
syngas mixtures with steam in the presence
Given : Pi is initial pressure at time, t = 0 and
of iron chromate as catalyst.

in
Pt is pressure at time 't'.
CO(g) + H2O(g) *** CO2(g) + H2(g)
Pt = Pi x x x Pi x 90. (a) The hydration enthalpies of alkali metal
x = Pt - Pi ions decreases with increases in ionic sizes.
Here, PA Pi x Pi Pt Pi Hence, the order is

s.
Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+
PA 2Pi Pt Therefore, Li+ has maximum degree of
2.303 P hydration.
k= log i 91. (d) Most of the pure compounds have sharp
t PA
melting and boiling points.
iim
2.303 Pi Chromatographic and spectroscopic
k log
t 2Pi Pt techniques are the new methods of checking
the purity.
84. (a) Isotones have the same number of
92. (c)
neutrons
93. (b) p : kH xX
As = 77 - 33 = 44; Se = 78 - 34 = 44
Higher the value of KH at a given pressure,
85. (d) Lewis gave the structure of O3 molecule
lower is the solubility of the gas in the liquid.
4a

Using the relation,

94. (a) Suppose number of M atoms = n
Formal charge = [total no. of valence
Then number of tetrahedral sites = 2n
electrons in the free atom] - [Total no. of non-

bonding (long pair) electrons] -

1
[total no.
Number of N atoms =
1
2n
2 3
of bonding (shared) electrons] 2
m

Ratio M : N = n : = 3 :2,
The formal charge on central O atom i.e., 3
no.1 i.e., formula is M3N2
95. (d)
= 62
1
6 1 96. (b) Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic
2
Ai

antibiotic drug.
N A mass 97. (b): Let no. of atoms of A used in close packing
86. (c) Number of atoms =
At. mass Number of tetrahedral voids = 2n
23
6.023 10 52 1 2
= 24
7.829 10 atoms Number of atoms of B= 2n n
4 3 3
87. (d) 2
Ion Total no. MO configuration B.O. A:B=n: n 3: 2
3
of
Formula of the compound = A3B2
electrons
O2+ 15 Kk 2s2 *2s22pz2 2.5
2px2 = 2py2 *
98. (c)
2p1x
99. (b) The mechanism of dehydration of alcohol
O2- 17 KK 2s2 *2s22pz2 1.5
involves the following steps :
2p=x2 =
1. Formation of protonated alcohol
2py2*2px2 =
 2. Formation of carbocation stored in dark bottles, completely filled so
3. Formation of ethane by elimination of a that air is kept out.
proton 111. (b): Less reactivity of saturated hydrocarbons
100. (a) In Clemmensen reduction, the carbonyl are due to presence of single bonds between
group of aldehydes and ketones is reduced carbon atoms.
to ** group on treatment with zinc amalgam 112. (a)
and concentrated hydrochloric acid. 113. (a)
101. (d) Both Co and Ni have (IV) oxidation state. 114. (d): The two H-atoms on first carbon and the
Ni (IV) has 3d6 electronic configuration. two H-atoms on the third carbon atom lie in
Metals Outer electronic Oxi. States perpendicular plane. The central carbon
configuration atom is sp-hybridized while terminal carbon
Co 3d74s2 +2, +3, +4 atoms are sp2-hvbridized.
Ni 3d 4s
8 2 +2, +3, +4 115. (a)

in
102. (b) The oxidation states of the given 116. (a) : MCi2 + Na2CO3 MCO3 + 2NaCl
compounds are : MSO4 + Na2CO3 MCO3 + Na2SO4 (where,
VO2+ : x + 2 ( -2) = +1 M = Mg, Ca)
x = +5 117. (a)
118. (c) : o-Nitrophenol is steam volatile due to

s.
Cr2O72- : 2x + 7 (-2) = -2
2x = +12 intramolecular hydrogen bonding while p-
nitrophenol is lea volatile due to
x = +6
intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
MnO4- : x + 4 (-2) = -1
119. (c) : Isoprene is 2-methyl-1, 3-butadiene
x = -1+ 8 = + 7
iim 120. (c) Structure of H3PO3
The correct order of oxidising power is
Due to the presence of two hydroxyl protons
VO2+ < Cr2O72- < MnO4-
it is dibasic acid.
due to the increasing stability of the lower
species to which they are reduced.
BIOLOGY
103. (d) The resonance forms do not show any
121. (b):Cell cycle is divided into 2 phases. (i)
unshared electrons. Hence, O2 molecule does
Interphase (a period of preparation for cell
4a

not show any paramagnetic properties.

Figure
The bond length as bond order increases.
Hence, bond length of O3 is higher than O2.
104 (b): Insulin is a globular protein. This protein
has three-dimensional folded structure.
These are stabilised by internal hydrogen
m
division), (ii) M phase (the actual period of
cell division). The interphase cell is
metabolically quite active. Interphase is the
long non- dividing phase further divided
into G1, S and G2. It occupies 75 to 95% of
entire cell division time.

122. (b): Biodiversity hotspots are the areas of

bonding. Hence, they are water soluble. high endemism and high levels of species
105. (a) richness. Initially 25 biodiversity hotspots
106. (b): Chemistry of actinoids is more were identified, but subsequently nine more
complicated due to the possibility of large have been added to list bringing the total
Ai

number of oxidation states. number of biodiversity hotspots in the world

107. (a) to 34.
108. (d): CH3COOH/CH3COONH4 is not an 123. (b): Turners syndrome is caused due to the
example of acidic buffer. Acidic buffer absence of one of the X chromosomes i.e., 45
contains equimolar mixture of weak acid and chromosomes total with sex chromosomes as
its salt with strong base. e.g. XO. Such females are sterile as ovaries are
CH3COOH/CH3COONa. rudimentary. Besides this, other features
109. (c) : Al metal is rendered passive when include lack of other secondary sexual
treated with conc. HNO3 because characters, etc.
concentrated HNO3 is oxidising agent and 124. (a): The secretion of gonadotropins (LH and
produces a protective layer of oxide on the FSH) increases gradually during the
surface. follicular phase and stimulates follicular
110. (b): Chloroform is slowly oxidised by air in development as well as ,ecretion of estrogens
the presence of light to an extremely by the growing follicles. Both LH and FSH
poisonous gas phosgene. Therefore, it is attain a peak level in the middle of the cycle
 (about 14hl day). Rapid secretion of LH
leading to its maximum level during mid-
cycle called LH surge induces rupture of
Graafian follicle and thereby the release of
ovum (ovulation). Concentration of estrogen
in blood is also high around 14th day and
reaches its peak.
125. (d):In pteridophytes, majority of plants are
homosporous (producing similar kind of
spores) e.g., Lycopodium. However, plants
of genera like Selaginella and Salvinia are
heterosporous (producing macro and micro
spores). Pinus and Cycas, which are
gymnosperms, are also heterosporous.
126. (a): Micronutrients or trace elements are
needed in very small amounts (less than 10
mmole kg of dry matter). These are 8 in
number and include iron, manganese,
copper, molybdenum, zinc, boron, chlorine
and nickel.
127. (a): Pea Margiral placentation
Lemon Axile placentation
Mustard Parietal placentation
iim
Sunflower Basal placentation
128. (c) : Somaclones are genetically identical
plants developed from any part of a plant by
tissue culture/micropropagation. This type
of micropropagation is also called
somaclonal propagation.
4a
129. (d): Ozone is a harmful secondary air
pollutant. Ozone, being a strong oxidant
destroys chlotenchyma, produces necrosis,
hardens rubber, damages textiles, corrodes
the surface of marble statues and heritage
buildings.
130. (c) : Vernalisation refers specially to the
m
promotion of flowering by exposure to a
period of low temperature. Many temperate
plants have verndlisation requirement and
must experience a period of low temperature
Ai
in winter, to initiate or accelerate flowering
process, or in many fruit tree species, to
induce dormancy and then break dormancy
prior to flowering.
131. (a) : The cells derived from root apical and
shoot apical meristems and cambium
differentiate and mature to perform special
functions. This act leading to maturation is
termed as differentiation. During
differentiation, cells undergo few to major
structural changes both in their cell walls
and protoplasm.
132. (d): Bt genes, RNAi genes and Cry genes
occur naturally in living organisms. Bt toxic
gene of bacteriun Bacillus thuringiensis has
been cloned from bacteria, and expressed in
lants, to provide resistance to insects without
the need of insecticides. The choice of genes
depends upon the crop and the targeted pest
as most Bt toxins are insect group specific.
The toxin is coded by a gene named Cry.
RNAI takes place in all eukaryotic organisms
as a method of cellular defense. This method
involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to
a complementary dsRNA molecule that
binds to and prevents translation of the
mRNA (silencing).
133. (a) : DNA and RNA are nucleic acids which
are found in living systems. DNA is a long
polymer of deoxyribonucleotides and RNA
in
is a long polymer of ribonucleotides. A
nucleotide has 3 components a
nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a
phosphate group.
s.
134. (b): Coconut and cucurbits are monoecious
plants. Ornithorhynchus is an egg-laying
mammal. Whale is a viviparous mammal.
Frog shows external fertilisation. It takes
place in water. Peacock shows internal
fertilisation.
135. (a): Mutualism is an interaction between two
organisms of different species in which both
the partners are benefitted, with none of the
two capable of living separately, in many
species of fig trees there is a relationship
with the pollinator species of wasp. The
female wasp uses the fruit not only as an
oviposition site but uses the developing
seeds within the fruit for nourishing its
larvae. The wasp pollinates the fig
infiorescenCe while searching for suitable
egg-laying sites. The fig returns this favour
of pollination by offering the wasp some of
its developing seeds, as food for the
developing wasp larvae.
136. (d): Liver fluke has an incomplete alimentary
canal.
137. (b)
138. (a)
139. (c) : Statins produced by the yeast Monascus
purpureus are used as blood-cholestrol
lowering agents. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is
used for making bread and ethanol.
Aspergillus niger (a fungus) produces citric
acid.
140. (a): AIDS is caused by HIV virus.
Gonorrhoea is caused by bacteria Neisseria
gonorrhoeae. Diphtheria is caused by
bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheria.
Ringworm disease is caused by fungus
Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and
Microsporum. Tuberculosis is caused by a
 bacterium called Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
141. (b): Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates
the reabsorption of Ca2+ by renal tubules and
increases Ca2+ absorption from digested
food. It means PTH increases the blood Ca 2+
level. Old aged persons have weak immunity
because thymus is degenerated in old
individuals resulting in a decreased
production of thymosin. Oestoporosis in
women occurs due to decreased level of
estrogen.
142. (a) : Taxonomical hierarchy shows
arrangement in ascending order.
Species Genus Family Order
Division Kingdom
143. (c)
144. (c) : A - Troponin
B - Tropomyosin
C - F-actin
Two filaments of protein tropomyosin run
close to F-actins throughout its length. A
iim
complex protein troponin is distributed at
regular intervals on the tropomyoSifl. In the
resting state, a subunit of troponifl masks the
active binding sites for myosin on the actin
filaments.
145. (a): Neutrophil is a phagocytic cell which
destroys foreign organisms entering the
4a
body It has many lobed nucleus, fine
granules cytoplasm and it takes acidic as
well as basic stains.
146. (a)
147. (b): penicillin has bactericidal effect i.e., the
kill bacteria.
m
148. (d): The biodiversity of bryophytes is less
than that of angiosperms. Bryophytes are
plants that can live in soil but are dependent
on water for sexual reproduction.
Angiosperms are much advanced plant
Ai
species which consist of male sex organ
(stamen) and female sex organ (pistil) borne
in a flower.
149. (b): Non-essential amino acids are those
amino acids which can be synthesized by
human body from raw materials. Glycine,
serine, proline, glutantic acid all are
nonessential amino acids.
150. (a) : Photochemical smog is a grey or
yellowish brown opaque smog having
oxidizing environment but little smokes. It is
formed at high temperature over cities and
towns due to still air, emission of NO2 oxides
and hydrocarbons from automobile
exhausts. Nitrogen dioxide splits into nitric
oxide and nascent oxygen. Nascent oxygen
combines with molecular oxygen to form
ozone. Ozone reacts with hydrocarbons to
form aldehydes and ketones. Nitrogen
oxides, oxygen and ketones combine to form
peroxy-acyl-nitrates (PAN).
l51. (d)
152. (c)
153. (c) A normal electrogram (ECG) is composed
of a P wave, a QRS wave (complex) and a T
wave. The P-wave represerts the electrical
excitation or depolarisation of the atria. The
QRS complex represents the depolarisation
of the ventricles which initiates the
in
ventricular contraction. The contraction
starts shortly after Q and marks the
beginning of the systole. The T-wave
represents the repolarisation of ventricles
s.
The end of the T-wave marks the end of
systole.
154. (d): Anti-haemorrhagic vitamins are those
substances which promote haemostasis or
stop beeding. Vitamin K is one of them.
155. (a) : Normal cells show the property of
contact inhibition, by virtue of which contact
with other cells inhibits their uncontrolled
growth. Cancer cells appears to have lost this
property.
156. (d): Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis
produce proteins that kill certain insects like
lepidopterans and coleopterans, etc. Bacillus
thuringiensis forms some protein crystals.
These crystals contain a, toxic insecticidal
protein. Bt toxin proteins exist as inactive
protoxins, but once an insect ingests the
inactive toxin it is converted to active form of
toxin due t the alkaline pH of the alimentary
canal that solublizes the crystals.
157. (d): Beverages like beer, wine are fermented
but not distilled. They have relatively low
alcohol content tpical1y less than 100%. Hard
liquor like brandy and whisky are produced
by both fermentation and distillation.
Distillation process purifies them and
removes diluting components like water and
increases the alcohol content.
158. (d): pBR322 has a restriction site for Sal I.
159. (d): Cortisol and testosterone are steroidal in
nature. Steroid hormones are lipid soluble
and easily pass through cell membrane of a
target cell into the cytoplasm. In the
cytoplasm they bind to specific intracellular
receptors (proteins) to form a hormone
receptor complex that enters the nucleus.
160. (c) Macrophages are cells produced by
differentiation of monocytes in tissues. They
 are present throughout the body with large
numbers in the lymph nodes, bone marrow
and spleen. These are specialized phagocytic
cells that attack foreign substances.
161. (b)
162. (b): Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that is
released in stomach as proenzyme-
pepsinogen. HCl which is secreted by gastric
glands of stomach converts proenzme
pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin.
Pepsin converts proteins into proteoses and
peptones.
163. (c) The nerve fibres from all parts of the retina
converge to leave through a point called
blindspot. It is the place in the visual field
that corresponds to the lack of light detecting
photo receptor cells on the optic disc of the
retina.
l64. (a)
165. (a)
166. (c) : The enlarged Q and R waves indicate a
myocardial infarction (heart attack). QRS
complex begins as small downward
iim
deflection (Q) and continues as large upright
(R) and triangular wave ending as
downward wave (S) at its base. It represents
ventricular depolarisation (ventricular
contraction).
167. (b): The leaves in gymnosperms are well-
4a
adapted to withstand extremes of
temperature humidity and wind. In conifers,
the needle like leaves reduce the surface
area. Their thick cuticle and sunken stomata
also help to reduce water loss. Unlike
bryophytes and pteridophytes, in
gymnosperms the male and the female
m
gametophytes do not have an Independent
free-living existence. They remain within the
sporangia retained on the sporophytes.
168. (a) : The ratio of the volume of CO2 evolved
Ai
to the volume of O2 consumed in respiration
is called the respiratory quotient (RQ) or
respiratory ratio.
Volume of CO 2 evolved
RQ
Volume of O 2 consumed
The respiratory quotient depends upon the
type of respiratory substrate used during
respiration. When carbohydrates are used as
substrate and are completely oxidised, the
RQ will be I, because equal amounts of CO2
and O2 are evolved and consumed.
C 6 H12O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 O
Energy
6CO 2
RQ 1.0
6O 2
169. (a) The mammalian heart is myogenic. It
means the heart beat originates from a
specialised muscles (nodal tissue). It is
regulated by the nerves.
170. (b): Diseases or infections which are
transmitted through sexual intercourse are
called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
AIDS and hepatitis-B are sexually
transmitted diseases. Hepatitis-B and AIDS
can also be transmitted by sharing of
injection needles, surgical instruments with
in
infected persons, transfusion of blood, etc.
There is no permanent cure for AIDS and
hepatitis-B.
171. (d): The relationship between the sequence of
s.
amino acids in a polypeptide and nucleotide
sequence of DNA or mRNA is called genetic
code. The genetic code is triplet. One codon
codes for only one amino acid, hence it is
unambiguous and specific. Some amino
acids are coded by more than one codon,
hence the code is degenerate.
172. (d): Darwin was convinced that interspecific
competition is a potent force in organic
evolution. It is generally believed that
competition occurs when closely related
species compete for the same resources that
are limiting, but it is not entirely true. Totally
unrelated species could also compete for the
same resource. Gause's Competitive
Exclusion Principle states that two closely
related species competing for the same
resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and the
competitively inferior one will be eliminated
eventually. This may be true if resources are
limiting, but not otherwise.
173. (b): The transgenic food may cause toxicity
or produce allergies. The enzyme produced
by the antibiotic resistance can cause
al1ergie, because it is a foreign protein. The
introduction of transgenic plants into
agriculture is creating some issues. One of
them is the potential risk of transgene in
commercial crops endangering native or
nontarget species. For example the gene for
Bt toxin expressed in pollen might endanger
pollinators like honeybees.
174. (c) : Secondary air pollutants are produced
photo-chemically from primary pollutants.
Smog, photochemical smog, ozone and PAN
all are secondary air pollutants. DDT is a
primary soil pollutant.
175. (d): In ascomycetes ascospores are produced
internally in each ascus (sporangial sac). In
Basidiomycetes, basidiospores are produced
exogenously at tips of fine outgrowths called
sterigmata.
176. (c) The joints between the atlas and axis and
between the radius and ulna just below the
elbow are the examples of pivot joints.
177. (a) : The parts of the plants that show the
deficiency symptom also depend on the
mobility of the element in the plant. For
elements that are actively mobilised within
the plants and exported to young developing
tissues, the deficiency symptoms tend to

in
appear first in the older tissues. For example,
the deficiency symptoms of nitrogen,
potassium and magnesium are visible first in
the senescent leaves. In the older leaves,

s.
biomolecules containing these elements are
broken down, making these elements
available for mobilising to younger leaves.
178. (a) 179. (b) 180. (b)
iim
4a
m
Ai