Flight Safety

for
Instrument Flying

Sqn. Ldr. Somchanok Tiamtiabrat

 Reference
Instrument Flying Handbook: Jeppessen
FAA instrument flying handbook
 Aviation Safety
Aviation Aviation Safety

Aviation Aviation Safety



 Aviation Safety


Maslows Hierarchy of Need Theory
Safety Need
 Aviation Safety






Challenge

 Aviation Safety
Challenge

:
Wind Shear
Turbulence
Volcanic Ash
Media
 Aviation Safety
Challenge



:Black hole Effect
 Aviation Safety
Challenge

:




:,

 Aviation Safety

Challenge

:





 Aviation Safety






(performance)


 Aviation Safety
instrument flying





Accident Causation
 Accident Causation
Man
Machine
Media
Mission
Management
 Man
Unsafe Act
(Pilot Error)
Skill base:
Knowledge base:
Rule base:

 Man
Unsafe Act
(Pilot Error)
Decision Error :

Perceptual Error :

Instrument Flying Pilot

Human Performance

 Human Performance
Instrument flying require more pilot
performance than visual flying
If pilot performance decrease , pilot error
will increase
Pilot performance margin
 Man

 Man

 Man
IFR





CFIT (control
flight into terrain)
 Man

(Hazardous Attitude)
Anti-authority
Macho
Impulsive
Invulnerability
Resignation
 Human Error
Perceptual Error
By altimeter setting

Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, September 14, 2003: U.S. Air Force
Thunderbirds Captain Christopher Stricklin ejecting from his F-16 after realizing
he could not pull up in time from a Reverse Half Cuban Eight and ensuring the
aircraft would not crash into spectators. The aircraft was destroyed less than a
second later with no loss of life.
Machine
 Machine






What if
Media
Media
Media
Media
Media
 Media
Wake Turbulence
Media
 Media
Landing in IMC
Mission
 Mission
Fly without outside references
Mission Understanding
 Mission Understanding
Instrument flying




 Mission
Instrument Flight Rule
Visibility


 Mission
Instrument Flight Rule
skill base error

Decision error Perceptual error

 Mission
Approaching in IMC
Approach Chart
Visual Aid
Navigation Aid
Pilot Visibility
Pilot Performance
Stabilize Approach
Go/ No Go
Safety?
Management
 Management






CRM Instrument
Flying
 Management
Aeronautical Decision Making
Crew Resource Management
Risk Management
Instrument Flying

Is an Instrument Rating
Necessary?
 Flight Safety for
Instrument Flying
will depend on
Pilot performance
Pilot decision making
Crew Resource Management
Is an Instrument Rating
Necessary?
 Is an Instrument Rating
Necessary?
Some cross-country destination may take
pilot to
Unfamiliar airports
Through high activity areas in marginal
visual or IMC
 Is an Instrument Rating
Necessary?
Under these conditions
An instrument rating may be an alternative
Rerouting
Rescheduling
Canceling a flight
 Is an Instrument Rating
Necessary?
Many accidents are the result of pilot who
Lack of the necessary skill
Lack of equipments
To fly in marginal VMC or IMC
Attempt to fly without outside references
 Is an Instrument Rating
Necessary?
As aircraft performance increased
Pilot required more in-flight information
To enhance safe operation
 Human Factor
in
Instrument Flying
 Man
the first cause of aircraft accident
Understanding Human
Understand yourself
Fly without outside references
Human Factor
Sensory systems for
orientation
 Orientation
The awareness of the aircraft position
relation to reference
Spatial disorientation refer to the lack of
orientation with position in space
Spatial disorientation
Sensory systems for orientation
Eyes
Ears
Nerves
 eye
Vision is most important in providing
information to maintain safe flight
 Ears
The motion sensing system in the inner
ear maintain vestibular orientation
Ears
 Nerves
The nerves in
the skin
Joints
Muscles
Maintain postural
orientation
Nerves in the
bodys skin, joints, muscle send signal that
relation to gravity to the brain
Illusion leading to spatial
disorientation
 Illusion leading to
spatial disorientation
Vestibular illusions
Visual illusions
Demonstration of spatial
disorientation
 Demonstration of spatial
disorientation
Climbing while accelerating
Climbing while turning
Diving while turning
Reversal of motion
Diving or rolling beyond the vertical plane
Demonstration of spatial
disorientation
Coping with spatial
disorientation
 Coping with spatial
disorientation
1. Understand the causes of these illusion
and remain constantly alert for them
2. Always obtain and understand preflight
weather briefings
3. Before flying in marginal visibility (less
than 3 miles) obtain training and maintain
proficiency in airplane control by
reference to instruments
 Coping with spatial
disorientation
4. Do not continue flight adverse weather
conditions unless proficient in use of
flight instrument
5. When outside visual references are
used, ensure they are reliable
6. Avoid head movement suddenly
 Coping with spatial
disorientation
7. Remember
Illness
Medication
Alcohol
Fatigue
Sleep loss
Increase spatial disorientation
Optical illusion
 Optical illusion
Runway width illusion
Runway and terrain slope illusion
Featureless Terrain Illusion
Water reflection
Haze
Fog
Ground lighting illusion
Runway width illusion
Runway and terrain slope illusion
How to prevent landing error
due to optical illusion
 How to prevent landing error
due to optical illusion
Anticipate the possibility of visual illusion
during approaching to unfamiliar airport
(particularly in night of adverse weather
condition)
Make frequent reference to altimeter
(especially during night approach)
Aeronautical Decision Making
 Decide Model
Detect
Estimate
Choose
Identify
Do
Evaluate
 Decide Model
Detect : Pilot detect the fact that change
has occurred
Estimate: Pilot maker estimates the need
to counter or react to the change
Choose: Pilot choose a desirable outcome
for the flight
Identify:
Do
Evaluate