Topic

1C- Asthma

2A- Sedative-
Hypnotics 1

2C-
Hyperlipidemi
a

3A- BZ

3B- Penecillin

3C- MI

4A- Alzheimer,
neuronal
death

4B-
Cephalosporin
e

4B
4B
4B

4C- Anemia &

Cytpenia

5A- Parkinson
5A- Parkinson

5B-
aminoglycosid
es

5C- platlet

coagulant
Thrombolytics

6A- antipschy.
Lithium

6B-
Chloramphe.
Tetracyclin
6C- pancreas

6C- Liver

6C- Gallblader

7A- General
anathetic

7B- Macrolides,
clinda,
strptogramine

7C- Vasoactive
peptides

8A- Skeletal
muscle relax
8B-
Fluoroquinolon
e, SMX-TMP

8C-
Antiobesity
 8C-
Antiobesity

9A-
Antideprresen
t

9-B-
Antifungal

9C- Positive
ionotropic
effects

10A- naturally
occuring
opoids

10B-
Antiretroviral
drugs (HIV)

10C- GI
Motility

11A- Synthetic
opoids

Semi-synthetic

11B- influenza
 11B- HSV

11B-IFN-

11C
Innflamatory
bowel disease

12A- Opids
abused

12B-
Antimalaria

12C-Laxatives

12C-GLP-1
12C- DPP-4
12C- SGLT-2

13A- Drugs of
abuse

13B-

13c-
Antidiarrhea

Nematodes

Trematodes
Cestodes

14A- Alcohol

14B- Serotonin
14B- Serotonin

14C- Anti-
tuberculosis

15A- LA

15B-
Histamine

15C- RAAS

16A- hypo +
Pit hormones

16B- Ergot +
Migraine

16c-
Antianginal

17A- Thyroid

17B-
Inflamation

17C- Anti-
arrythmic
 17C- Anti-
arrythmic

18A- Steroids

18B- NSAIDs

18C- CHF

19A- Insulin

19B- Gout

19c- -
sympatholytic
s

20A- Oral
antidiabetic

20B- -
sympathlytics

20C- RA
 20C- RA

21C- Peptic-
ulcer disease

22A-
Alkylating
agents

23C- CCB
L-type Ca

23B- COX

24A-
Alkaloids, AB,
Hormones,
others

24B-
Antiemetics &
Emetics

24C-
Cholinomimeti
c

25B- ADH

25A-
Immunopharm

25C- HTN
 25C- HTN

26B- Diuretics

26C-
Cholinolytics

27C- NO

28C-
Expectorants
& antitussives
 drugs
Omalizumab--> IgE (resistant to inhaled steroids)
Steroids- Prednisone --> Pg, cytokines, PAF. Fluticasone- inhaler
Albuterol (acute), Salmeterol (chronic) --> 2 agonist
Theophylline --> PDE --> cAMP --> PKA --> Phosphorilationon MLCK
Ipratropium- (pray) (inhaled) --> M
Montelukast--> antileukotrines (aspirin induced asthma)
Barbiturates- Phenobarbital (seizure), thiopental (IV)--> GABA --> Cl --> Hyperpo
Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Zopiclone- NON BZ --> GABA
Buspirone--> 5HT1A + D2 --> anxieolytic
Ezetimibe- cholesterol absorption
Lovastatin--> HMG- CoA reductase
Resins --> Bind bile --> bile reabsorbes --> new bile made from chlesterol
Gemfibrozil--> Lipoprotein lipase --> TG Clearnce
Niacin B3--> VLDL --> HDL
Diazepam (valium) --> GABA --> Cl --> Hyperpol. Anxiety
Lorazepam - Anxiety, status epilepticus
Midazolam (dormicum)- ultra short t --> anasthesia
Clonazepam - anti epileptic
Oxazepam- short t - Insomia
Narrow + sensitive- Pen. G, V--> Peptidoglycan --> Gram +, N. Menin.
Narrow + resistant - Nafcillin, Oxacillin--> R group block - lactamases
Wide + sensitive- Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Aminocillin--> uses:- HHELPSS
Antipseudomonal- Piperacilin, Ticracillin
NSTMI Pre hospital--> MONAS- Morphine, O2, NO, Aspirin + clopidogrel (dual), Heparin.
NSTMI Hospital --> - blocker, Ace, CCB, cathetarization.
STMI Pre hospital--> MONAS. Instead heparin - Clexan (LMWH)
STMI hospital --> thrombolytics, - blockers, ace, cathetarization.
Rivasrigmine, Tacrine --> antiacetylcholine esterase --> Ach
Remmber- amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles -- APP gene.
1st G. - Cefazolin --> mainly gram + & PEaK- Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiela
2nd G.- Cefoxitin Cefaclor--> more gram - & PEaK.
3rd G.- Ceftriaxone --> extended +,-. Serious Gram -. Meningitis, gonorhea, lyme.
4th G. - Cefapime--> Gram +,- extended + psedomonas
5th G. Cetfarolin --> Broad +,- MRSA, not pseudomonas
Carbapenem- Imipenem, Meropenem--> give with Cilastati. Gram +,- side effects
Monobactam- Aztreonam --> Bind PBP3. synergistic with aminoglycosides. Only Gram -
Vancomycin--> bind to D-ala D-ala --> no cross link. lactamses . MRSA, enterocollitis
Erythrocyte factors- B12, Folate (macrocytic) Iron (Microcytic), Erythropoeitin
Platlet factor- Oprelvekin (IL11)--> periphereal platlets
Granulocyte factor- Filgrastim (G-CSF), Sargramostim (GM-CSF) --> neutrophils
Levodopa --> converted to dopamine. Add Carbidopa --> DDC in periphery
Pramipexole--> D3 receptor . Bromocriptine (ergot)
Selegiline--> MAO-B --> dopamine .
Tolcapone --> COMT --> levodopa
Benztropine--> anti muscarinic. --> tremor and rigidity.
Streptomycin, neomycin, Gentamycin- initiation complex, Misreading,translocation
Streptomycin- Endocarditis. TB. All others- Gram - rods (with vanco & penecilin)
Spectinomycin- Gonorrhea in penicilin resistant. (ceftraixone 3G. Cephalosporine)
Aspirin--> Cox --> TXA2--> platlet aggregation
Clopidogrel (plavix) --> ADP --> Gpb/a --> aggregation
Abciximab --> antibody to Gpb/a
Heparin, LMWH (clexan) --> AT --> thrombin, Fa
Warfarin--> F - work in liver, oral, chronic cases.
Alteplase, streptokiase--> Plasminogen to plasmin --> fibrin mesh
Chloropromazine, Fluphenazine- Typical --> block D2! EPS, M,
Clozapin, Olanzapine - Atypical --> 5-HT2A Block. .
Lithium--> PIP2 --> cAMP, DAG, IP3
Chloramphenicol --> peptudyltransferase (50S)- Meningitis (H. influ, N. menin, S. pneu)

Doxycycline, Mino --> binding of tRNA - Mycoplasma pneu, chlamydia, lyme, acne, ma
Pancreatin, pancrealipase --> pig origin --> lipase.
Ribavarin--> IMP --> guanosine --> RNA- Hepatitis A (acute)
Lamivudine--> NRTI, INF- --> host enzymes--> viral RNA. - Hepatitis B (chronic)
Silymarine--> free radicals. Adenosyl methionine--> gluthathione
Fulminant hepatitis- Glucose, folic, B1, Vit K, Albumin
Encephalopathy --> ammonia --> CNS. Give: Lactulose, neomycin, arginine (ure
Atropine--> contraction. Erythromycin--> motilin --> motility. CDCA --> dissolve
Nitrous oxide - N2O --> inhaled. blood solubility, induction, MAC
Halothane--> inhaled- soubility, induction- +/- - Hepatotoxicity
Methoxyflurane--> inhaled. Solubility , Induction , MAC = Potency - Nephrotoxicit
Barbiturates- thiopental (IV)--> GABA - induction, short procedure.
Midazolam (dormicum)- ultra short t --> anasthesia
Ketamin--> NMDA , Propofol--> GABA, Opoids- Morphine, fentanyl.
Clindamycin--> peptide transfer 50S- Anerobes diaphragm (clostridium, bacteroids),
Eryhtromycin- macrolide --> 50S - Atypical pneumonia (mycoplasma), STD (chlamidya)
Azithromycin--> Respiratory infection, H. influenza. Urine only-preg. . Clarithromycin- H
Streptogramin- Dalfopristin --> block exit channel. tRNA-- MRSA. warfarin
Vasoconstrictors- Angiotensin, Endothelin, NPY
Vasodilators- Bradykinin, BNP, VIP. (Substance P- Mixed)
RAAS - Aliskiren--> renin. Captopril --> ACE, Bradykinin. Losartan --> ARB
Kinin - Icatibant--> B2 bradykinin R.
BNP - Nesiritde --> BNP R.
Neurokinin - Aprepitant
Non- depol- Tubocurarine (long acting), Mivacurium (short) --> comptetive , Block (hig
Depol- Succinycholine--> Ach R. --> phase 1- sustained depol. Phase 2- desensitization
Sulfonamide- sulfamethaxazole --> Dihydropteorate syn. -> folate.
Trimethoprim (TMP)--> dihydrofolae reductase --> folate. Used in combination w. SM
Fluoroqunolone- 1- Nor, 2- Cipro, 3- Levo, 4- moxifloxacin--> Topoisomerase
Sibutramine- 5HT/NE in hypothalamus --> Food intake
Orlistat- Inhinits lipase --> breakdown --> absorption
Rimonabant- Cannabinoid rec. --> Metabolism
Pramlitide- delay gastric empty--> Satiety
SSRI- Fluoxetine, Citalopram--> SERT (no effect on NE) (use also- SNRI)
TCA- Imipramine --> SERT, NET(H R.) . blocking effects (hypot.), sedation, M R. , a
MAO - Phenelzine --> MAO A (Selegeline - B)
Trazodone--> 5HTA2 (, H1 )
Yohimbine--> 2 antagonist
Terbinafine--> squalene epoxidase --> lanosterol - superficial fungal infections
ketoconazole, Fluconazole--> CYP450 --> ergosterol. - Local & less serious infection
Amphotericin B--> binds ergosterol --> forms pores --> leakage of electrolytes- serious s
Flucytosine--> DNA/ RNA syn. (5-FU) - Systemic infections
Caspofungin--> glucan synthesis --> cell wall- candida
Dobutamine- 1 agonist--> HR , contractility , renin , lipolysis
Dopamine- 1- , D1- renal/splanchnic dilation
EPI- 1- HR,SV,CO, 2- TPR, BP, 1- BP
NE- 1- TPR, BP, 1- less, NO 2
Isoproterenol- 1=2
Amphetamine- blocks MAO
Cocaine- inhibit re uptake
TCA-inhibit reuptake
Digoxin- Na/K --> Na/Ca --> Ca
Amrinone- PDE inhibitor --> cAMP --> PKA
Levosimendan- bind troponin C --> contractility
Morphine--> R. --> Gi --> ---> Ca, K channels- in brain spinal chord. (+release end
Codeine--> R. weaker affinity. Usually combined with aspirin & acetaminophen
Remmber- analgesia, sedation, respiratory , antitussive, Gi- constipation, Miosis
Maraviroc--> binds CCR5 --> Gp120 --> attachment
Enfuviritide --> gp41 --> Penetration.
Lamivudine, Stavudine, Zidovudine--> NRTi --> terminate DNA chain. Need P for activa
Nevirapine--> NNRTI --> Allosterin inhibition. No need for P.
Raltegravir--> Integrase
Indinavir, Ritonavir--> Protease --> unfunctional polypeptide. (pol gene)
Cholinomimetic- Betenechole
Anticholinesterase- Neostigmine
Metoclopramide--> D2 --> Ach --> contraction + inhibtion of vomiting center.
Domperidone --> D2
Erythromycin- motilin agonist
Methadone--> R. --> strong agonist- Long duration used for withdrawl treatment
Fentanyl--> strong agonist - strong analgesic
Meperidine--> Strong agonist - also Anti cholinergic --> no miosis
Hydromorphone, Oxymorphone--> like morphine w. affinity, potency.
Oxycodone, Hydrocodone--> moderate agonist- weaker effects
Zanamivir--> influenza neuraminidase --> release of virus
Amantadine--> uncoating - used in prophylaxis
Acyclovir --> Guanisine analog --> Phosphorylated byTK --> Chain termination --> DNA
Gancyclovir--> guanisine analoge --> Dna polymerase
Foscarnet--> Direct --> TK not needed
Ribavarin--> IMP --> guanosine --> RNA (also Lamivudine)
IFn- immune response against virus
Aminosalicyclates- Mesalamine Sulfazaline --> COX 5-ASA (immunosuppressent
Methotrexate-> Dihydrofolate reductae --> purine syn. (chemo)
6-Mercaptopurine --> HGPRT --> purine sy.
Infliximab --> anti TNF-
Steroids- Prednisone --> Pg, cytokines, PAF.
Heroin, Morphine, Oxycodon, Meperidine, Fentenyl--> euphoria
treatment: Naloxene, Methadone + slow reduction in dose
Chloroquine --> Hemozin formation --> Heme --> toxic to parasite- Blood schizontici
Quinidine --> Bind dsDNA --> DNA replication & transcription- Blood Schinzonticide
Primaquine --> Forms toxic metabolites - Tissue Schizonnticide - used for dormant specie
Sulfonamide- sulfamethaxazole --> Dihydropteorate syn. -> folate.
Doxycycline --> Tetracycline (30S) - used in prophylaxis (Clindamycin in children)
Stimulants- Senna, Cascara, 5HT4 - Tegaserod
Bulk forming--> Methylcellulose --> H2O --> stimulation
Osmotic --> Mg oxise, Cl channel activator - Lubiprostone
Softeners- Mineral oil
Exenatide--> insulin, Glucagon, satiety
Sitagliptin--> DDP-4 --> GLP-1 --> insulin
Dapagliflozin--> Na/glucose transporter in Prox. Tub. --> Blood glucose
Sedative-Hypnotics--> Ethanol, BZ, Barbiturates --> anxiolytic, , relaxtion
Opoids--> heroin, morphine, oxycodone, meperidine, fentanyl--> euphoria
Amphetamine--> MDMA (ecsta) --> diplace stored NE, 5-HT --> euphoria (also Cocaine)
Hallucinogens--> LSD, Ketamin.
Marijuana--> cannabis --> cannabinoids R.
Indirect parasympathmimetics --> topic 24C
Anti-motility- Loperamide --> opoid receptor --> open K
Anti-spasmodic- Propantheline --> muscarinic antagonist
5HT3 inhibitor - Alosteron --> smooth muscle activity
Fluid transport- Bismuth compunds --> decrease secretion
Absorve - Kaolin --> absorbe toxins.
Albendazole --> glucose uptake --> ATP --> immobilization
Mebendazole --> Microtuble
Pyrantel pamoate --> NMJ --> contraction --> paralysis
Praziquantel --> Ca --> contraction --> paralysis
Praziquantel + Albendazole
Acute intoxication - Dextrose, Thiamine, Fluid, prevent respiratory depression.
Withdrawl symptoms- Sedative-hypnotics
Alcoholism- Nalexone ( Opoids), Ondansteron ( 5HT3), Disulfiram (Acetaldehyde d
5HT1A - Buspirone --> Gi --> cAMP --> CNS ---> anxiety
5HT1D - Sumatriptan --> Gi --> cAMP --> Brain --> migraine
5HT2 - --> Gq --> IP3, Ca --> CNS, Bronchocontrict, vasoconstrict, Peristalsis
5HT3 --> ioc channel --> vomiting center, chemorc. Reflex --> reflex brady.
5HT4 - Tegaserod --> Gs --> cAMP --> Gi motility ( in constipation)- laxative
SSRI- Fluxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram --> serotonin (antidepressent)
Rifampin, Rifabutin ---> DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase
Isoniazid (INH)---> Mycolic acid (cell wall)
Pyrazinamide --> Cytolsol active: pyranizoic acid
Ethambutol --> Arabinosyltransferase (cell wall)
Streptomycin- Ribosomal 30S
Esters- Cocaine (surface action), Procaine (short acting) , Teracaine (long action)
Amides- Lidocaine (short), Pubivacaine (long) --> Na channels --> depol --> Actio
H1 1st Gen. - Diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine --> antimotion (M), allergic, sed
H1 2nd Gen. - Cetirizine, Loratadine --> no CNS entry --> No M effect --> only allergic
H2- Ranitidine, nizatidine, cimetidine --> ulcer, Zollinger allison syn.
- blocker - Renin release
Aliskiren- Renin (angiotensin )
Captopril- ACE --> angiotnesin , Bradykinin
Losartan, Valsartan- ARB's --> vasoconstriction
Spironolactone- Aldosterone
GH - Somatropin, Ocreotide. FSH- Follitropin, LH- Lutotropin, Mixed- Menotrop
Prolactin - Dopamine (Bromocriptine)
Oxytocin- oxytocin, Atosiban. Vasopresin- Desmopressin, conivaptan.
GnRH- Gonadorelin, Ganirelix
Ergotamine - vessels --> 1 --> vasoconstriction
Ergonovine - Uterus --> SM constriction
LSD - Brain--> D2 --> hallucinations.
Bromocriptine - Brain --> D2 - Treat prolactinemia, parkinson
Migraine - Ergotamine (DOC), Ergonovine, Sumatriptan --> 5HT1D
Stable-1. Morphin, O2, NO, Aspirin, Statin 2. -blocker or CCB, ACE
Unstable- Same + dual antiplatlet (clopidoogrel, Aspirin) + Heparin
Prinzemetal- NO, CCB
Levothyroxine (T4), Liothyronine (T3) --> used in hypothyrodism
Propythiouracil, Methimazole --> thyroid peroxidase --> Syn. --> used in hyperthyr
Lugol solution (iodine) --> iodinization of tyrosine + release --> used in hyperthyrodism
Propanalol- -blocker- treament of thyotoxicosis.
NSAID's- Aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, celecoxib --> COX - sympthomatic relief of p
Acetaminophen --> Weak cox --> non opoid analgesicm antipyretic in children.
DMARD- Methtrexate, Chloroquine, cyclophosphamide -- RA
Glucocorticoids - Prednisone
Colchicine- Gout
a- Quinidine, Procainamide --> Na channels in open state
b- Lidocaine, Mexiletine --> Na channels in closed state
c- Flecanidine--> na channels in all states
- - blockers --> non selective: carvedilol, selective: nebivolol
- K channels--> amiodorone ( Na), Sotalol ( )
- CCB--> Verapamil
Adenosine--> Gi --> cAMP. Mg- in torsade.
Cortisol, Prednisone, Dexamethasone- Corticosteroids
Ketoconazole --> Antifungal --> cyp 450 --> needed for syn. Of all steroids. --> steroi
Fludrocortisone --> Na channles in CCD --> Na + h2O retention --> Mineralocorticoids
Spironolactone- Aldosterone
Aspirin --> COX1,2 irrevirsible --> fever, pain, inflamation
Non Selective revirsible NSAIDs- Ibuprofen (advil), naproxen, diclofenac (voltaren)
Celecoxib --> COX2
Glycosides - Digoxin --> Na/K --> NA --> Na/C --> Ca
Selective PDE3-inhibitors- Amrinone --> cAMP --> Ca
Dopamine- 1- , D1- renal/splanchnic dilation. Dobutamine - 1
Vasodilators - Nitroglycerin--> acute, Hydralazine--> long term
Diuretics- Furosmaide --> Na/K/2Cl, Thiazide--> Na/Cl, Spironolactone--> Aldostero
Captopril- ACE --> angiotnesin , Bradykinin
Losartan, Valsartan, Tellme- ARB's --> Vasodilation
Rapid- Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine --> No LAG
Short- Insulin
Intermidiate- NPH insulin
Long- Glargine
Acute- NSAIDs --> Pg, Glucocorticoid --> Pg,LTB4, T-cells, Colchicine --> LTB4
Chronic- Allopurinol, febuxostat --> xanthine oxidase, Probenecid --> Reabsorptio
1st G. non selctive - Pindolol (partial ago.), Satolol ( k), Propanalol, Timolol(( ), nado
2nd G. Selective- Atenolol, Metoprolol
3rd G. Non selective- Carvedilol 1
4th G. Selective- Nebivolol, Betaxolol
Insulin secretion- 2nd G.- Glipizide. New- Repaglinide--> K --> Depol--> insulin
Metafromin- DOC in DM 2 ( insulin sensetivity)
Rosiglitzone- tissue insulin sensitivity (PPAR recerptor)
Acarbose--> -glucosidase --> carbo breakdown
Pramlitide- delay gastric empty--> Satiety (also antiobesirt topic)
Exenatide--> insulin, Glucagon, satiety . GLP-1 analogue
Sitagliptin--> DDP-4 --> GLP-1 --> insulin
Dapagliflozin--> Na/glucose transporter in Prox. Tub. --> Blood glucose
Centrally acting 2 agonist - Methyldopa, clonidine --> enter BBB --> NE --> Hypoten
Non selective - Blockers- Phenoxybenzamine (urrevirsible), Phentolamine (revirsible)
Selective -blocker- Prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin --> 1
non selective- blocker + 1 Blocker - Carvedilol
Methotrexate-> Dihydrofolate reductae --> purine syn.
Chloroquine- activity of T-cells.
Cyclosporine- calcineurin --> NF-AT--> NFB --> cytokines
Infliximab --> anti TNF-, Rituximab--> CD-20(B-cells) --> Lysis
Etanercept - TNF- Rec. --> IL --> Leukocyte activation
ASA- T-cells
Cyclophosphamide- cross link DNA --> T,B-cell
Mycophenolate- IMP --> T,B-cells
Antiacides- Mg hydroxide (local), sodium bicarbonate (systemic)
H2 blocker- Cimetidine (gynicomas.), ranitidine, nizatidine-->
PPI- Omerprazole--> H/K
Pirenzepine--> M1
mucous protective- Bismuth, sucralfate. Misoprostol--> PGE1
Antibiotics- Amoxicilin + clarithrimycin + PPI
Cyclophosphamide---> alkyl group on DNA --> cross link DNA --> Dna strand break
Cisplatin - cross link DNA. No BMS but cause vommiting ( ondansetron) + nephrotoxici
Procarbazine- H2O2 --> free radicals --> breaks DNA. Cause leukemia, BMS.
Verapamil --> HR, CO
Diltiazem --> both & vessels--> TPR (ref. tachy), CO
DHP --> Vessels. 1st G. - Nifedipine. 2nd G.- Amlodipine --> TPR (reflex tachy.)
Celecoxib --> COX2 --> ulcers, platlet aggregation
Rofecoxib --> COX2 --> PGI2 + no effect om TXA2 --> Thrombosis/MI
Alkaloids M Phase- Vinblastin, Vincristine--> microtublar polymerization.
Paclitaxel M phase - microtubles depolymerization
Topotecan --> S phase --> Topoisomerase --> DNA
Antibiotics- Doxorubicin --> Free radicals, Topo isomerase . Heart problems (rubi= red =
Hormones- Prednisone. Tamoxifen --> Estrogen receptor. Flutamide--> androgen r
Methotrexate (s phase)-> Dihydrofolate reductae --> purine syn.
6-Mercaptopurine --> HGPRT --> purine sy. 5-FU --> dUMP
Interferones, Rituximab --> NHL, Cetuximab --> EGFR --> colon cancer.
Antiemetic - H1 - Diphenhydramide (M effect), Scopolamine (motion sickness)
5HT3 - Ondansteron (chemo rec. zone), Corticosteroids, Marijuana- Nabilone, NK1
Emetic- Ipecac syrup --> irritation in GI mucosa + chemoreceptor zone --> vomit.
Direct- Ach- not theraputic, Carbachol --> (acoom. Miosis, glaucoma)
Bethanechol --> Bowl & bladder, Pilocarpine--> sweat, tears ,saliva. Metacoline- ast
Indirect- Revirsible: Edrophonium--> MG diagnosis.
Physostigmine--> Phyxes atropine, Neostigmine --> no CNS, Pyridostigmine--> MG
Irevirsible: Organophosphate.
Agonist- ADH, Desmopressin --> V2 --> Gs --> cAMP --> AQP2 --> H2O retention
Antagonist- Conivaptan --> V1,V2. Tolvaptan --> V1, Lithium --> cAMP
Steroids- Prednisone --> Pg, cytokines, PAF. + Inhibit T-cells
Cyclosporine- calcineurin --> NF-AT--> NFB --> cytokines (+Tacrolimus)
Mycophenolate- IMP --> T,B-cells
Azathioprine - purine metabolism --> T-cells
Cyclophosphaide---> alkyl group on DNA --> cross link DNA --> Dna strand break --> T
Etanercept - TNF- Rec. --> IL --> Leukocyte activation
Infliximab --> anti TNF-, Rituximab--> CD-20(B-cells) --> Lysis
Aldeslukin- IL-2 --> CTL + NK --> immune
Tacrolimus - Inhibits IL-2 which promotes T-Cell prliferation
IFN- cell proliferation (cancer), IFN- anti inflamatory (multiple sclerosis)
Captopril- ACE --> angiotnesin , Bradykinin
Losartan, Valsartan, Tellme- ARB's --> Vasodilation
Nebivolol --> -Blocker
Amlodipine --> CCB
Thiazide --> Diuretics
Prazosin --> blocker
Others: 2 agonist, Hydralazine
PCT- Acetazolamide --> CA --> H in cell --> NA/H --> Na + HCO3 --> diuresis
TAL- Furosamide --> Na/K/2Cl --> k in cell --> K back diffusion --> Ca/ Mg reabsor
DCT- Hydrochlorothiazide --> Na/Cl--> Luminal Cl/Na --> diuresis
CCT- Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride --> Spirono- aldosterone --> Na/K
Osmotic- Mannitol
Conivaptan - ADH --> V2 --> AQP2 --> diuresis
Atropine - (M3) --> Mydriasis, cycloplegia. GI (M3)--> spasm,secretion. Sweat (M3) .
Benztropine- Parkinson. Scopalamine - motion sickness
Ipratropium- asthma (pray) (inhaled)
Oxybutynin, Darifenacin- Genitourinary--> reduce urgency
Glycopyrolate- Gi motility. Pirenzepine- Peptic ulcer
Cholinesterase regenerators: Pralidoxime (2-PAM)- organophosphte toxicity
Endogenous NO- Ach, 5HT, Bradykinin --> M3--> Gq -->Ca-Calmudulin--> eNOS -->
Exogenous - Nitroprusside--> released from drug in prescence of O2
Exogenous enzymatic- Nitrates- Nitroglycerin --> SM cell- with gluthatione, cysteine--> N
Expectorants- Guaifensin (sinufed) -> viscosity, volume --> easier to cough up
Mucolytics- N-acetylcysteine--> s-s bond --> liquifies mucous
Antitussive- Dextromethorphan --> Codein analogue - agonist --> cough
 Notes

Flumazenil- anagonist.

Flumazenil- anagonist.

H.influ, helicobacter, e.coli, listeria, proteus, shigella, salmonella

with lactamase - CAST- clavulenic acid, tazobactam, sulbactam.

Gi , CNS toxicity.
for penicillin allergic, and renal problems that cant take aminoglycosides.
NOT trouble fre- N= nephro, O=ototoxicity, T= thrombophlebitis
iron toxicity: Chelators.

post chemo + neutropenia

Ribosomal 30S . caNNOT kill anerobes. Nephro, NM, otitis, teratogen

structually related to aminoglycosides.

EPS- dyskinesis. Dysphoria, prolactin , eating disorders, - hypotension

hypothyrodism, nephrodenic diabetes insipidus

anemia, grey baby syndrom, aplastic anemia

Gi , bone , fanconi, photo, vestibular

renal stones.

Pseudomem. Collitis, diarhhea

Eliminated in bile
MACRO- Motility, Arrythmia, Cholestasis, Rash, eOsinophilia

Hypertension, HF
angiodema
AHF
antiemetic/ chemotherapy induced

phase 2- prevent by Cholinersterae

Gram +/-, nocardia, Chlamydia, UTI in comnination. RA
UTI, Respiratory,ear, Nocardia.
UG- UTI, STD (chlamydia), GI - Gram -, Respiratory.
* cause: leptin problems, genetic, Eng. Expendture sys.
depression, panic, OCD
depression unresponsive to other drugs. , Enuresis
depression unresponsive to other drugs.

keto- mucocutanous candidiasis, Fluco- esophageal, orophrangeal can.

cryptoccocus (Nystatin - superficial infection by candida)
meningitis from cryptococus. BMS

CHF
HF, Shock,
Asthma, anaphylactic shock, anasthesia
Shock
AV block, cardiac arrest, asthma

CHF, Afib

Analgesia, Acute PE anasthesia. Cause- pinpoint pupil, resp, coma

Cough.
antidote- Naloxone

cause skin reations.

cause BMS. ZDV- prophylaxis, Lami- HBV, Stav + yam not together
Cause rash, hepatotoxicity.
creatin kinase
CYP 450. cause hyperglycemia, hematuria (indi)

Pseudoparkison
hyperprolactinemia
(also in gall stones)
antidote- Naloxone

Influenza A/B
HSV, VZV. Mucocutanous, genital lesions, encephalitis. Valacyclovir- oral
CMV, immunocompromised. BMS
CMv, Acyclovir resistant
HCV. Cause hemolytic anemia
HBV/HCV. Flu like symptoms, neutropenia.
Crohn, Ulceratice clitis always start here

biologic -- chronic crohn. Most effective today

in acute attack

Cause Abstinence syndrom: Lacrimation, yawning, sweating, nausea

Plasmidiu Falciparum (also prophylaxis). RA
resistant to chloroquine. Used with doxy.
P. ovale, Vivax.

DM-2
DM-2
DM-2
Flumazenil- BZ. Diazepam - long acting + Clonidine 2
Naloxene . Methadone- long acting + clonidine 2

Hookworm and pinworm

ascaris, pinworm, whipworm
hook (ancylostoma), round (ascaris)
Flukes + tape

insomnia, tremor, ataxia, seizure.

(sedative- hypnotics)
Clozapine --> antipsychotic, cyproheptadine --> cacinoid
Ondansteron --> antiemetic & alcohol abuse, Alosteron --> IBS. Diahre

4 R's (RNA, Ramps 450, Red fluid, Rapid resistance)

INH- Injury Neurons Hepatocytes

Eyethambutol

Neurotoxicity, Cardioctoxicity, Allergies

Antimotion sickness, nausea vomiiting, sedation (pre). Parkin, EPS

Cimetidine- anti androgen effect

Bradykinin --> vasodilation, pain, permeability, HISS

Tropin!! Soma wants to grow.

Nitroprusside

"MONAS" + B + ACE / CCB (non DHP)

Tachycardia, heat

No effect on progression!

Modifying disease & block profression

Afib, VT
Post MI

After MI
SVT, VT
SVT
SVT
Addison, Inflamtion, anti-immune

K sparing diuretics
<300 mg - anti-platlet, <2400 - fever, pain, <4000- Anri-inflamatory
inflamatory- chemotaxis, IL-1, pyretic- hypoth., analges- nocicep

Acute CHF
Acute CHF

Chronic HF

HT with asthma
A-M --> non selective
N-Z--> Selective
DM2

SGLT-2
Hypertensive urgency
Pheochromocytoma, Acute HTN
HTN, BPH

Polyglutamate --> cytotoxic

Malaria- accum. Of heme in parasite--> Blood schizonticide

active metabolite- acrolein: hemorrhagic cystitis

 Givse

Use: NHL, Ovarian, Breast, Neuroblastoma. Acrolein --> hemo. Cysitits.

Use: testicular, ovarian, bladder lung.
Use: HL
angina, SVT. digoxin. Constipation
Prinzmetal
Gingival hyperplasia. Angina, HTN.
cause thrombosis

HL, Testicular, Caposi. Cristine: HL, Leuk, Willms

Breas, ovarian
SCLC
HL, breast, endometrial, lung, ovarian
Tami- Breast, endometrium. Flut- prostate
Leukemia, NHL, T lymphoma, breast. (RA. Psoriasis)
6- leukemia. 5- breast, ovarian.

prepitant

--> Miosis, Aqueus humor, accomodation

--> SA , AV , Atria contractility
Bronchoconstriction
Gi- peristalsis, sphincters
Glands--> secretion
treat ptuatery diabetes insipidus
Treat SIADH

RA, SLE

RCC, melanoma

ABCD (ace/arb, b, CCB, diuretics)

Glaucoma, meabolic alkalosis
Edema, CHF, Hypercalcemia, HTN
CHF, Hypertension (K channels--> vasodilation), stones, diabetes ins.
Hyperaldosterone, K sparing diuretic, CHF
drug overdose, ICP
SIADH
eye examination
3 C- coma, convulsion, cardiotoxicity

Inhibition: Heme, ADMA --> NOS. Synthetic: l-NAME

Naloxone- inhibits