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ORGANIC FARMING - Part 2

1. Dear viewers, we have studied the bad effects of chemical farming, principles of organic
farming, methods of supplying nutrients, composting, vermi compost, Panchagavya etc. in the
first part of this film. In this second part let us study non-chemical methods for pest and
disease control, organic certification, marketing etc.

2. All creatures on this earth have the right and ability to live and survive. Hence we need not
and cannot eradicate any pest, pathogen or weed. It is enough if it is kept under control to
avoid economic damage to our crops. We have to follow non-chemical integrated farm
management system for this purpose. There are many useful insects and organisms in the
nature. There will be one or the other natural enemy for all creatures. This brings the balance
in the eco system. But the interference of man disturbed this balance. Indiscriminate use of
pesticides killed the predators like spider, frog, snake and bird. This led to the sudden
multiplication of some unknown pests and has gone out of control. Coconut mite, sugarcane
wooly aphid etc. are the best examples for this. If you stop spraying pesticides and minimize
our interference, the situation will recover soon.

3. According to our national standards for organic production or NSOP we should not use
any synthetic insecticide, fungicide or herbicide. Instead of that, we are advised to use
substances of plant, animal and microbial origin. We can use plastic mulch, insect nets,
polyethylene and polypropylene based materials in protected cultivation in green houses. But
we have to collect and clean these materials from the garden after the harvest of the crop. Off
course it should not be burnt.

4. NSOP suggests destroying the original source of pests and diseases as a preventive
measure. We can use insect barriers, solar energy, heat, UV rays, nets and plant based
substances from neem, garlic, pongamia etc. as control measure. One may use mechanical and
biological methods in addition. But radiation is not allowed. Restricted use of neem oil and
other neem products, pyrethrins extracted from chrysanthemum plant, predators and
parasites, vinegar etc. is allowed. We can use silt, sodium bi-carbonate, NPV, soft soap,
homeopathic and ayurvedic products, biodynamic preparations, mulch, traps etc. without any
restrictions. Further, limited use of calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, copper oxy-chloride,
copper sulfate, copper hydroxide, potassium permanganate and sulphur is allowed. But
volume of any of these chemicals should not cross 8 kilograms per hector per year. Use of
ethyl alcohol and tobacco is not permitted.

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5. Let us go through some non-chemical methods of weed control first. Like any other plant
weed also prepares food for itself. Hence it adds humus to the soil if it is incorporated in the
soil. Weed plays an important role in soil and water conservation. Touch me not, Cassia and
many leguminous weeds have root nodules with nitrogen storage to enrich soil fertility.
Chopping of the weed is popular in recent years instead of uprooting. Weed cutting machines
are popular for this purpose. If the space is less between crop rows to operate brush cutters,
we may use small rotary tillers for inter-cultivation. Cover crops or mulching is helpful in
gardens for weed control. In wide open field irrigate once before sowing. Plough the land after
the germination of weed seeds. This farmer uses simple equipment for paddy weeding. Small
cage wheel is attached to the brush cutter itself for the purpose. Apart from weeding this
operation helps for better tillering. Flood irrigation encourages weed growth in gardens. But
the drip irrigation minimizes the weed growth. Panama wilt of banana spreads with flood
irrigation water. But drip irrigation checks this problem.

6. It is advised to grow crops and varieties adapted to the local conditions. Hybrids can give
higher yield under favorable conditions. But it fails with adverse climatic situations. Farmer has
to spend every time to purchase hybrid seeds. Generally commercial hybrids have less
resistance against pest and diseases. Hence the spending on fertilizers and pesticides is more.
But the local varieties are available with the farmers with less cost. Use of these varieties
enriches crop and varietal diversity. Varieties respond well to organic farming and can face
adverse climatic conditions. Pest and disease problem is also less. There are varieties with
resistance or tolerance against specific disease or insect. For example we have tomato variety
resistant to bacterial wilt. Growing this type of resistant variety will avoid the possibility of the
Growing resistant varieties bring down the necessity of medicines. Planting time is also
important. Incidence and extent of damage depends on the season and climatic condition.
Many times we can minimize the loss due to pest and disease by adjusting sowing or planting
time. Crop rotation is also an important practice. Repeated growing of any crop will lead to
build up of pest and disease and deficiency of micronutrients. Crop rotation with different
types of crops will minimize these problems. This improves the health and sturdiness of the
crop minimizing pest and disease problem. Leguminous crops in the crop rotation cycle enrich
soil fertility benefiting the mono-cot crop of the next season. Intercropping and mixed
cropping systems are also useful to bring down pest and disease problem.

7. Most of the insects pupate in the soil after the harvest of crop. Adults emerge by next
cropping season. Hence summer ploughing exposes the pupa to direct sun and predators.

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Even the pathogens get destroyed by direct hot sun. Thus summer ploughing helps a lot for
pest and disease control.

8. Solaraization is another effective method of pest and disease management. Cover the
seedbed or planting site tightly with transparent plastic sheet for 8 weeks. It is most effective
in hot summer if the soil has enough moisture. Heat collected beneath the poly sheet destroys
root knot nematodes, soil borne pathogenic fungi, insects and weeds. In this areca garden
bunches are covered with poly cover to avoid Kole roga of areca nut. This is a popular and
effective method in heavy rainfall areas.

9. Preventing pest and disease is our priority in organic farming. Follow recommended
spacing for crops and varieties. Light penetration and free movement of air between rows and
plants of crop will keep the pests away. This is the reason for healthy growth of paddy in SRI
method. Uproot excess plants after germination to maintain optimum plant population. This
allows remaining plants to grow healthy and sturdy. Vegetables like tomato, bitter gourd,
ridge gourd etc. are tied upright with thread. This avoids the contact of leaves and fruits with
the soil minimizing soil born infection.

10. Mulching is given importance in organic farming. It is helpful for soil and water
conservation. It is also useful for pest and disease management. Mulching avoids splashing of
pathogens with rainwater from soil to the upper portion of plants. This is followed in black
pepper for the control of wilt disease. Silver colored shining plastic mulch repels aphids by
reflection of light. This method minimizes the spreading of mosaic disease of watermelon and
wilt disease of tomato and chili. Preventing the entry of vector insects avoids many diseases in
vegetable nurseries. Nylon nets are used for this purpose.

11. It is possible to pick and kill larvae and other insects in kitchen gardens. Kill the pest by
putting it in kerosene in a poly bag. Sticky trap is one of the methods of integrated pest
management. Paint metal plate or tin with yellow colour and apply grease or castor oil on it.
Put this yellow sticky trap in the field. White flies and aphids of brinjal, tomato and cotton are
attracted to this trap. Insects get trapped on the sticky surface and die. Likewise violet colour
attracts thrips and lice. Clean the trap once in 2 3 days and apply the sticky substance again.
Adult insect get attracted to the lamp in dark hours. Glow an incandescent bulb in the field
from 6 to 9 pm. Fill water in an earthen vessel with wide mouth and put a little bit of kerosene.
Keep vessel below the bulb. Insect attracted to the bulb die by falling in to water. Switch off
the light by 9 pm. Otherwise some useful insects will also die.

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12. Paddy case worm is common if the transplanting is delayed. In western ghat region there
is a traditional method for the control of this case worm. Twig of Mukkadaka or Gnidia glauca
plant which has insecticidal property is swinged like this to open the case of the worm. Stop
water flowing in and flowing out before this work. Case worms fall down. Put a little amount
of kerosene to a gunny bag and keep it in the water outlet. Then leave the stagnant water.
Case worms moving with the flowing water die due to kerosene. Some farmers use the twigs
with sharp thorns or coconut leaf broom instead of Gnidia glauca plant. There is a traditional
method for the control of ear head bugs of paddy. Burning bundle of wooden sticks is swinged
just above the crop by 7 to 8 pm. The bugs fly in the dark and die due to burning of wings.

13. Another method of insect control is the use of pheromone trap. Pheromones are the
biological substances released by female insect to attract male. Pheromones are specific to
each species of insects. These are artificially produced in the lab and supplied as lures. Traps
fitted with lure are placed like this at 2 to 3 feet height above the crop. 5 pheromone traps are
enough for 1 acre. Male insects get attracted, trapped in the poly bag and die. This reduces the
chance of mating and multiplication cut to that extent. Originally the pheromone trap is the
system of vigilance on the pest population. Pheromone traps are popular for the control of
helicorpa and spodoptera insects in cotton, sunflower and tomato, and stem borer and fruit
borer in brinjal etc. It is commercially used for the control of fruit flies in mango and other fruit
crops also.

14. Repelling the pest is also a method of crop protection. Put 1 part of neem cake and 3
parts of water in an earthen pot. Cover the mouth with cloth and ferment it for 3 days. Keep 1
pot in each corner of the field. Open the pot and stir well by evening. Bad smell of fermented
neem cake will keep the insects away. Cow urine and Panchagavya are also the good
repellents of insects. In one more method neem cake is tied in a gunny bag and kept immersed
in the water inlet of the farm. Content of neem cake gets dissolved in the water. This protects
the roots and tillers of the plant from pest and diseases.

15. Bird perches are seen in some fields. Otherwise maize or okra plants are grown here and
there. Birds sit on these perches and predate on the insects. 20 bird perches per acre can give
considerable control of insect pests. However bird damage is a major problem in some crops.
Here shining ribbons are tied to protect the seeds sown from the birds. This ribbon tied to
sorghum ear head is also for the same purpose. Birds damage the pomegranate fruits in this
garden. Cellular tapes are tied across to threaten the birds.

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16. Let us study the trap crop concept now. We find marigold plant rows around this cotton
field. Moths of cotton bole worm are attracted to these flowers and lay eggs. Marigold flowers
are plucked once in 2 3 days and destroyed. Likewise okra and red gram are also used as trap
crops in cotton. Marigold is helpful even in tomato. Apart from these root exudates of
marigold controls soil nematodes. Hence crop rotation with marigold in nematode affected
field can control nematode effectively. Castor is the trap crop for spodoptera cut worms.
Mustered plant is effective for diamond back moth of cabbage. Putting 2 3 rows of sorghum
around chili crop acts as physical barrier for the entry of the vector insect aphid. 2 rows of
red gram and castor around the vegetable crop control most of the larvae.

17. Biological control of pest and disease is the method of priority in organic farming. Use of
parasitoids is one of them. Trichograma insect belonging to the group of wasps is the popular
one. This attacks the eggs of most of the insects. Trichograma female injects its egg in to the
eggs of other insects. The larva eats all the content of the host egg. Trichograma is effective on
stem borers of paddy and sugarcane and cotton bole worm. Trichograma eggs are produced in
the lab. Egg card is stapled to the crop at the rate of 40,000 eggs per acre. Many species of
wasps and few species of flies are useful as parasitoids. These insects develop on or inside the
body of the other insects and kill the host.

18. Use of predator insects is another important method of biological pest control. Natural
enemy of the pest insect is identified first. Then it is developed in the lab and released in the
crop. Few years ago wooly aphid became a major pest on sugarcane. Micromas insect was
used as predator. Eggs of this insect was produced in the lab on large scale and distributed to
the farmers. Likewise lady bird beetles are the well known predators in the nature. These
attractive tiny beetles predate on aphids and scale insects. Green lacewing bugs are also useful
predators. Adult lacewing bug lays eggs in groups on leaves and other parts of the plant.
Larvae emerging out of these eggs feed on the eggs and larvae of other insects. 1000 eggs of
green lacewing bug are sufficient for one acre. It predates on mites, white fly, lice, American
bole worm of cotton etc. Snakes, frogs, spiders and dragon fly etc. are the efficient predators
in the nature. If we stop spraying pesticides and allow them to survive they will do their work
effectively.

19. Many species of microorganisms are used for biological control of pests and diseases.
NPV is popular for the control of American bole worm of cotton and armyworm. This virus
solution is mixed in water and sprayed in evening hours. NPV enters the body of the pest
larvae with the food. Affected larvae die within 2 to 5 days by drooping down their head.

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NPV spreads to the whole crop from these dead larvae. 250 ml of 100 LE NPV is mixed with
250 grams of jaggary and 100 ml of soft soap. This is sufficient for spraying 1 acre crop. It is
recommended to use manual sprayers for this purpose.

20. Bacillus thurengenisis or BT bacteria is very popular for biological pest control. This enters
the body of the pest insect through digestive tract and produces poisonous protein. BT is
effective for the control of butterflies, moths, beetles and flies. There are some pathogenic
fungi of pest insects. Beauveria bassiana fungus works against white fly, thrips, aphids and
weevils. Paecilomyces fumosoroseus fungus controls white fly, aphid and thrips. Metarhizium
fungus kills beetles, bugs, spider mites etc.

21. Certain fungi are useful for the control of diseases also. Trichoderma horzianum is the
important one. It inhibits the growth of pathogenic fungi by producing antibiotics, competitive
growth and by suppression. Trichoderma is commercially used against Botraitis rot, Fusarium
wilt and Phytophthora diseases. Trichoderma cultured in lab is mixed with organic manure and
applied around the base of the plant. It is necessary to maintain enough organic matter and
moisture for further multiplication of Trichoderma in the garden. Do not apply any fertilizer
after applying Trichoderma. Likewise Pseudomonas fungus is also popular for biological control
of many diseases.

22. Let us study the methods of seed treatment in organic farming now. Milk is useful for this
purpose. Mix 75 ml of milk with 425 ml of water. Keep the seeds to be treated in a cloth like
this and soak it in the solution for 6 hours. Then drain, dry under shade and use it for sowing.
This treatment helps for better germination and for the control of seed born diseases. In one
more method, mix 500 ml of cow urine in 2.5 liters of water. Soak the seeds for half an hour,
drain, dry under shade and use it for sowing. This avoids seed born fungal and bacterial
diseases. In another method of seed treatment, mix 500 grams of sweet flag root powder in
2.5 liters of water. Soak the seeds in this solution for half an hour. Drain the seeds, dry under
shade and use it for sowing. In one more method, mix 250 grams of Pseudomonas culture with
1 liter of jaggary solution. Spread germinated paddy seeds sufficient for 1 acre on the floor and
smear the solution. Mix gently and use it for sowing. Trichoderma may be used instead of
Pseudomonas. All these methods are effective for the control of seed born diseases.

23. Let us study some biological methods for the control of some bacterial and fungal
diseases of crops. Ferment the cow urine for 1 week in an earthen pot. Mix 50 to 100 ml of this
in 1 liter of water and spray. In another method, mix 1 liter of cow urine

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and 1 liter of fermented butter milk with 8 liters of water and use it for spraying. Otherwise
mix 300 ml of sweet flag root extract and 1 liter of cow urine in 8.7 liters of water and use it
for spraying. To prepare sweet flag extract soak 400 grams of sweet flag root powder in 2 liters
of water and keep it for 3 hours. Then filter it for the extract. Add one liter of cow urine with
10 liters of water and spray the solution to any crop. This acts as a source of micronutrient and
pest repellent. It can control some diseases also.

24. We can use some plant extracts for biological control of pests and diseases. First one is
the neem seed extract. 3 kilograms of fresh neem seed or 5 kilograms of old neem seed is
enough for 1 acre. Pound the seed finely and soak it in earthen pot in 10 liters of water. Cover
the mouth with cloth and keep it for 3 days. Neem seed extract is ready after filtering this
mixture. Azadirachtin content is less in very fresh and very old seeds. Put 50 ml of neem seed
extract in 1 liter of water if the pest population is less and 100 ml extract if the infestation is
severe. 60 to 70 liters of this solution is enough for 1 acre. Add 10 ml of soft soap solution for 1
liter of the spray solution. Detergent is not present in this soap. Crush the soap and soak it in
water for 1 day to get the soap solution.

25. The second one is neem leaf extract. 5 kilograms of neem seed is enough for 1 acre.
Crush the leaves and tie it loosely in a cloth. Soak it in 10 liters of water overnight. Then filter it
for neem leaf extract. Put 50 to 100 ml of this extract in 1 liter of water depending on the pest
population. Add 10 ml of this solution for 1 liter of spray solution and spray. 60 to 70 liters of
solution is enough for 1 acre.

26. Now let us prepare neem cake extract. 5 kilograms of neem cake is enough for 1 acre.
Pound the neem cake and tie it in cotton cloth. Soak it in 10 liters of water for 3 days. It will
give 7 to 8 liters of extract after squeezing the bag of the cake. Put 50 to 100 ml of this extract
in 1 liter of water. Spray it with 10 ml of soap solution. Soil application of neem leaves, seeds
and cake is also a popular practice. This controls soil nematode, termite and soil born diseases.
These are the good organic manures also.

27. Use of neem oil is also common in organic farming. 1200 to 1800 ml of neem oil is
sufficient for spraying one acre of crop. Add 20 to 30 ml of neem oil and 10 ml of soap solution
for 1 liter of water. Stir it well and spray immediately. Neem oil gets separated from water and
floats on the top after sometime. It is better to use power sprayers for spraying neem oil
solution. Neem oil gives good result before 1 year.

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28. Ginger-Garlic and Chili extract: For spraying 1 acre half kilogram of fresh Ginger, 1
kilogram of garlic and half kilogram of green chili is enough. Crush all these to make it a paste.
Mix it in 7 liters of water and filter. Use this extract at the rate of 50 to 100 ml per liter of
water and add 10 ml of soap solution. Spraying fresh solution gives better result. It may be
kept maximum for 3 days.

29. Jatropa leaf extract: 5 kilograms of leaves is enough for 1 acre. Crush the leaves and keep
it in a pot with 10 liters of water for 1 week. Stir the mixture once in a day and cover the
mouth with cloth. Filter this and spray the extract at the rate of 50 ml per liter of water. In
another method put 1 kilogram of cow dung in 10 liters of water and mix thoroughly. Filter it
through a mesh and use it for spraying. This is useful for the control of insect pests.

30. Five leaves extract: Here the plants with latex like Giant milk weed, Cactus or Jatropa,
bitter plants like neem, creat, geloe or Dronapushpi, plants not browsed by animals like
malbar nut, plants with good smell like five leaved chaste tree, holy basil or papaya and plants
not affected by pest and diseases like morinda or railway creeper are used for this extract
preparation. Take 1 kilogram leaves of any one plant from each group. Crush the leaves, add 2
parts of water and keep it in a pot. Add 1 liter of cow urine and 100 grams of Asafetida. Cover
the mouth of the pot tightly. Stir the mixture once in a day and keep it for 1 week. Spraying
this solution will control the pests and diseases. 50 ml of this extract is sufficient for 1 liter of
water. This extract may be kept up to 30 days. Asafetida in this extract prevents flower drop.

31. Now let us prepare boiled extract of herbs. Collect the whole plant without root for this
purpose. Cut it in to small pieces. 2 kilograms of plant is enough for 1 acre. Add 8 liters of
water for 2 kilograms of plant and boil it till the extract evaporates to 2 liters. Mix 300 ml of
this boiled extract with 9.6 liters of water and 100 ml of soap solution. Spray this solution to
the crop. This can be kept for sometime, but stir it once in a day. Spraying this boiled extract
with power sprayer is effective against hoppers, ear head bug and white fly. Spraying in the
morning before 10 Oclock gives better result. Boiled extract of Creat plant is effective against
all types of larvae. For aphids and other sucking pests use Tough weed extract. Boiled extract
of Malbar nut plant can control fungal diseases.

32. Let us prepare a broad spectrum pesticide. Take 100 liters of cow urine, 3 kilograms of
neem leaves or cake, 3 kilograms of papaya leaves and 3 kilograms of pongamia leaves in a
plastic barrel. Keep it under shade for 15 days. Use this extract at the rate of 5 to 10 ml

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or even more with 1 liter of water and spray to any crop. This works against most of the pests
and diseases.

33. There are many plants useful for biological pest and disease control.

# Greater Yam or Diascorea alata: It has tubers below the soil surface. This plant is useful for
the control of aphids, lice, maggots etc.

# Black night shade or Solanum nigrum: It is an annual plant. Use the whole plant with fruits
for the control of aphids and lice.

# Coriander: Leaves, seeds and oil of this plant is useful for the control of aphids.

# Zinger: Rhizome is used against American bole worm, aphid, anthracnose of mango and
beetles of grams.

# Turmeric: Extract of the rhizome is useful for the control of armyworm, aphid and for some
diseases.

# Lemon grass: Leaves, roots, seeds and oil of this perennial grass is useful. This lemon grass
extracts acts as repellent of pest and growth retardant. It is effective against fruit fly, mite,
mosquito and storage pests.

# Neem: Leaves, seeds, cake and oil are useful. Neem preparations are effective against
aphids, brown and green hoppers, diamond back moth, root knot nematode, termite, stem
borer and against most of the insects.

# Onion: Extract of the tuber is effective against nematodes, beetles of grams, ticks and
tobacco mosaic virus.

# Garlic: Tuber, leaf, flower and oil is useful. Extract of these works against aphids, armyworm,
bacteria, Colorado beetle, mite, root knot nematode and blast disease of paddy. Around 2500
plants in the nature are identified to have insecticidal property. Here we mentioned only few
popular herbs. You can try with the plants of your locality. It is better to use different plants in
next sprays.

34. Let us study the methods of control of storage pests now. Dip the gunny bag in neem
seed extract solution and dry before filling the grain. This will keep away the pests for 4
months. Mixing the dry leaves of neem, pongamia or five leaved chaste tree with the grain
controls the storage pests. Even we may use the powder of these leaves.

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Spread the leaves in a layer at the bottom. Pour 20 kilograms of seeds on it. Put another layer
of leaves. Fill the grain again. Repeat these layers till the bag is full. Spread the leaves at the
top and tie the bag. This method will avoid the storage pests for 1 year.

35. Smoke method in the warehouse: Put ignited charcoal in a metal pan and keep it in the
warehouse. Put handful of green leaves of neem or five leaved chaste tree on it. Close all the
windows and door so that the smoke accumulates in the entire room. Smoke the room for 1
hour. Moths and all other pest insects will die. Then clean the room and keep it closed. Rats
and mouse are the permanent pests of any warehouse. A small mouse eats 1 kilogram of grain
per year. Apart from this it pollutes the grain with the excreta. Keep traps for the control of
rats and mouse. Use of poisons is not allowed even for this in organic farming.

36. Organic certification is necessary to sell the produce in national and international
markets under organic label. This certification is done only by companies approved at national
level. SKAL, ECOCERT, INDOCERT and few more companies are working in our country as
organic certifying agencies. Certification is done for organic crop produce, processing of
organic products, product from natural collection, organic farm inputs etc. Subsidiary activities
like animal husbandry, bee keeping etc. under organic practice are also being certified.

37. Conventional farms cannot be certified organic with immediate effect. Residues of
chemicals used earlier will remain for sometime. Normal time gap specified for certification is
3 year. This is called conversion period. Inspectors from the certification agency visit the farm
from time to time to verify whether all the norms of organic farming are followed. They give all
necessary information on requirements for certification and suggest necessary changes. If the
entire farm is not brought under organic farming farmer has to maintain safer distance and
clear separation between organic and inorganic divisions of the farm. In such cases all
necessary precautions should be taken to maintain organic and conventional produce separate
at the time of harvesting, processing and storage. In field crops for certification 2 years must
be over at the time of sowing after implementing organic methods. In plantation crops 3 years
should be completed before the harvest of first organic crop. Specific guidelines are laid down
for each crop, practice or product for organic certification. One can get such details for their
specific requirement from certification agencies.

38. One should follow organic certification guidelines even for processing and packing. PVC
packing materials are not permitted. It is advised to keep away the laminated and aluminum
coated packing materials. Organic certification agencies are controlled by APEDA

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of commerce ministry of government of India. Cost of certification is bit high for an isolated
individual farm. Group certification of many farms together works out quite cheap. India
Organic is the brand given for organic products of our country.

39. Let us study the organic practice in animal husbandry now. Animals should have freedom
to exercise their natural behavior. They should have enough space for movement, clean air,
water and sunlight. The animal should have protection against excess light, heat, rain and
wind. Enough space should be provided for rest and the floor should have natural bedding
material. Equipment used on the farm must be safe for the animals. Poultry birds and rabbits
should not be kept in cages. Farms without sufficient land are not permitted. Animals living in
groups or herd should not be reared separately. Breeding should be by natural method.
However artificial insemination is allowed. But the technique of embryo transfer is not
permitted. Species and breeds from genetic engineering are not allowed in organic farming.

40. Food provided to the animals on an organic farm should be pure organic. Use of coloring
agents is not allowed. All artificial stimulants, preservatives, digestion promoters, urea, oil
cakes from solvent extraction etc. are not permitted. But vitamins and minerals from natural
sources are acceptable. We may use bacteria, fungi, enzymes and molasses for fodder
preservation. Priority should be given for ethno-veterinary practices and medicines,
homeopathy, ayurveda and yunani medicines for the treatment of health problems. Avoid the
chance of illness and cut down the use of medicines. However one can use conventional
medicines, but by considering double time of safety period. All vaccines specified by the
animal husbandry department are allowed. But the vaccines of biotechnology are not
permitted. Certification agency will consider all these points while certifying animal husbandry
units.

41. Bee keeping in organic methods is also picking up in recent years. Foraging area of these
honey bees must be either natural forest or the organic farm. Bee boxes should not be kept
near the farms using chemicals. Avoid artificial feeding of honey bees unless it is quite
essential. Further the food provided should be of organic product. Keep bee species adapted
to the locality. Foundation wax sheet tied to the frames must be from organic wax. Veterinary
medicines are not allowed. One must not use any restricted substance and chemicals for any
purpose in organic bee keeping.

42. Demand for organic products is increasing in recent years. Organic farming is very
popular in Germany, France, Australia and America and in many other countries.

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It is picking up slowly in India also. Consumers are getting awareness about the hazardous
effects of agro-chemicals. We find organic outlets here and there in big cities now. Organic
products are fetching better price. Farmers have also started organic farming on large scale.
Organic produce needs systematic marketing network now.

43. Off course this organic farming is not a new practice for our farmers. Till 1965 chemical
farming was not known in India. Even after the popularity of green revolution many traditional
and tribal farmers of western ghat region were following organic farming itself. They grow
indigenous crops and varieties organically even today. Farmer has to come out of the mindset
of chemical farming now and follow the practices that existed earlier to green revolution. This
is the necessity of todays Indian agriculture. It is better to stop fighting against the nature.
This can bring back the balance in the eco system. This will lead to sustainable crop production
also. Organic farming can answer many problems like poor health, environmental pollution,
farmers suicide, social stress etc. It is expected from the government to give priority and
support for organic farming instead of announcing loan and relief packages. Organic farming
can improve the profitability of farming. This will lead to the social stability of rural India.

44. Organic farming means living as a part of nature. It is the farming method following the
nature. There is no confrontation with other creatures in the eco system. No intention to use
all resources for ourselves by suppressing other members of the nature. Hence this organic
farming will continue for ever..

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A Script By: DR. Venkatramana Hegde

Shramajeevi Agri Films, Bengaluru

www.shramajeevi.com