CONJUCTIONS AND LIN KING WORDS P 129

1. PURPOSE
So that + S+V: I am saving money so that I can
buy a car.
I am reading a book so that I pass the exam.
In order that + S+V: I am saving money in order
that I can buy a car.
I study hard in order to get a good grade.
2.INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE (linking words
+infinitive)
Im reading a book to pass the exam.
I am saving money to buy a car.
In order to +infinitive: I am saving money in
order to buy a car.
Im reading a book in order to pass the
exam.
I work every day in order to earn a lot of money.
I work every day so that I earn money.
So as to +infinitive: I am saving money so as
to buy a car.
 He bought a new car so as to show how rich
he was.
In order not to +infinitive: I study in order
not to fail exams.
So as not to + infinitive: I left my house early
so as not to be late for work
3. CONTRAST
Although + S+V: Although I am sleepy, I pay
attention in class.
I pay attention in class although I am sleepy.
Even though + S+V: I wont go to the cinema
even though I am free today.
EVEN THOUGH I AM FREE TODAY, I WONT GO
THO THE CINEMA.
Despite the fact that + S+V: Despite the fact
that the weather was hot, I went running to the
park.
I went running to the park despite the fact that the
weather was hot.
Jack was looking well despite the fact that he was
tired.
To express contrast between two different
items or elements (two different subjects in
the two clauses)
While + S+V: I want to go to the movies while my
boyfriend wants to watch the football game.
She eats dinner while her father watches the
movie.
Whereas + S+V: I am playing guitar whereas
my friend is playing piano.
However/ Nevertheless/On the other hand +
S+ V they link 2 sentences (put a comma after
them)
I did not feel very well this morning. However, I
went to school anyway.
I did not feel very well this morning; however, I
went to school anyway.
She likes English. On the other hand, her sister
likes Math.

Despite + NOUN/GERUND (-ing V): Despite the

hot weather, I went running to the park.
I like New York despite the cold weather.
In spite of + NOUN/GERUND (-ing V):
She keeps working in spite of her illness.
4. REASON
Because + S+V: I am tired because I have
studied a lot.
AS + S+V: I am tired as I have studied a lot.
Since + S+V: I am tired since I have studied a
lot.
Because of + NOUN/GERUND (-ing V): The
class was canceled because of the rain.
I am tired because of studying a lot.
On account of/ due to/owing to +
NOUN/GERUND (-ing V):
I am sorry to have troubled you owing to/due
to/because of/on account of our mistake.
I am tired owing to/due to/because of/ on
account of too much study.
5. RESULT
As a result + S+V: She did not study, as a
result, she failed the exam.
She did not study. As a result, she failed the
exam.
In the end + S+V: She smells bad, in the end,
nobody likes her.
She smells bad. In the end, nobody likes her.
Eventually + S+V: She kept studying,
eventually, she passed.
She kept studying. Eventually, she passed.
So+ adj+ that+ S+V: I am so tired that I cannot
walk anymore.
He is so heavy that he cannot get in a car.
So+ much/many+ NOUN+ that + S + V: There
are so many cars on the road that the traffic is bad.
There was so much work that he went home late.
Such+ ART.+ (ADJ)+ N + that+ S+ V: She is
such a kind girl that everybody likes her.
He is such a nice student that the teacher loves
him.
Too+ ADJ + to+ infinitive: I am too tired to go
out.
He is too big to fit in this car.
ADJ + enough + to + infinitive: I am old enough
to drive a car.
I am not old enough to drive a car.

Exercise p. 131 STUDY FOR FINAL EXAM

1.He turned the music off so that (+ S+V+)

2.He studied very hard in order to (infinitive)
3.She practiced a lot so as not to (infinitive)
4.I want to buy a new car although (+ S+V+)
5.She said she didnt feel well; however, (+
S+V+)
6.I want to go to the cinema whereas (+ S+V+)
7.I am happy to study here because (+ S+V+)
8.He failed the exam because of (infinitive/
gerund)
9.I didnt study and, as a result, (+ S+V+)
10. She is such a/an (adj + noun) that
(+ S+V+)
11. There are so (too) many (plural noun)
that (+ S+V+)
12. His English is not (adj) enough to
(infinitive)
On your notebook, write sentences with the
following linking words and conjunctions.
1.Because of
2.Due to
3.However
4.While (contrast)
5.Such . That
6.So that
7.To + infinitive (purpose)
8.In order that
9.Even though
10. Nevertheless