VENTURI METER

Experiment No: 1 Date:

AIM : To calibrate the venturi meter and to determine the coefficient of

discharge of the venturi meter.

APPARATUS : 1. Stop Watch.

2. Measuring Scale.
3. Collecting tank with Piezometer
4. Differential manometer

THEORY : The venturi meter is a device used for measuring the discharge in a
pipe. The fluid flowing in a pipe is led through a contracting section to
a throat which has a similar cross section area than the pipe so that the
velocity of flow at throat is higher than in pipe. This increase of
velocity is accompanied by a fall in pressure. Therfore by measuring
the pressure drop, the discharge through the pipe may be calculated the
theoretical discharge expression for the venturimeter is
(Qth) = a1*a2(2gH)
------------
(a12 -a22)

Venturi meter

PROCEDURE : 1. Open the inlet valve completely and allow the water to flow into the
pipe fully.
2. Adjust the control valve or gate valve.
3. Eject the air bubbles by opening the air valves.
4. Note down the mercury values h1, h2 in two limbs of the manometer.
5. Collect the water in the collecting tank for a particular rise of water
level.
6. Note down the time taken in seconds.
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 7. Repeat the experiment for other discharges.

FORMULA : Qth = a1*a2(2gH)

------------
(a12 -a22)

a1 = Cross section area at the inlet

a2 = Cross section area at the outlet

H=Differential pressure head between inlet and throat of venturi meter.
H= h(Sm/S -1) = h (13.6/1 -1) =12.6 h
h =difference in Hg level
Q act = AR/T
A = Area of collecting tank
R = Rise of water level.
T = Time taken for rise of water.
Coefficient for discharge Cd = Q act/Q th

Table:

S. Manometer readings H= h Time Qact Qth Cd

No. h1 h2 h=h2-h1 (sm/s-1) taken for m3/sec m3/sec
=12.6h rise
water
T sec.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

GRAPH: Cd vs Head

PRECAUTION:

It is to be ensured there are no air bubbles in manometer.

Each reading is taken only in steady state condition.

RESULT: Coefficient of Discharge for Venturimeter =

OBSERVATIONS:

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Diameter of the pipe (d1) =25.4mm =0.0254m.
C/S Area of the pipe (a1) = ( / 4)*d12
= 5.06*10-4m2
Diameter at the throat of venturimeter (d2) =12.7mm =0.0127m.
C/S Area at the throat (a2) = ( / 4)*d22
=1.26*10-4 m2
Dimensions of the collecting tank = length =0.3m
Width =0.3m
Area of the collecting tank =l*b
=0.09m2.
Tabular form:

S.No. Left hand Right hand Total Time Theoretical Actual Coefficient
side side Head taken discharge discharge of discharge.
manometer manometer (H) = for Qth Qact Cd=Qact/Qth
reading reading (h1- 10cm (m3/sec). (m3/sec)
h1m. h2m. h2)*12.6 rise of
the
tank.

Tsec
1 0.295 0.195 1.26 14.12 6.37*10-4 6.48*10-4 0.98
2 0.285 0.21 0.95 16.01 5.6*10-4 5.64*10-4 0.99
3 0.275 0.22 0.69 20.46 4.4*10-4 4.81*10-4 0.91
4 0.27 0.225 0.57 21.49 4.2*10-4 4.4*10-4 0.95

CALCULATIONS:
Theoretical discharge (Qth) = a1*a2 (2gH)
------------
(a12 -a22)
= 5.06*10-4*1.27*10-4 (2*9.81*)
---------------------------------------------
((5.06*10-4)2 (1.27*10-4)2)
= 5.79*10-4 * H m3/sec.
= 5.79*10-4 * 1.26
= 6.49*10-4 m3/sec.

Actual Discharge (Qact) = (Area of the tank*height of rise of the tank) / time taken.
= (0.09*0.1)/14.12
= 6.37*10-4 m3/sec.
Coefficient of discharge (Cd) = Qact / Qth
= 6.37*10-4/6.48*10-4
= 0.98.
Average coefficient of discharge = (0.98+0.99+0.91+0.95)/4 = 0.956.

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RESULT: Coefficient of Discharge for Venturimeter = 0.956

GRAPH:

1) Cd vs Head

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NRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FM&HM LAB MANUAL