Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
on
Green Building
Submitted to
1
!
2
Declaration by the student
Noida
!
Date - 15th July 2015 MOHAMMAD AHMED
A12415813001
3
Certificate by Faculty Guide
Noida
4
Acknowledgement
I am very obliged to our mentor Dr. Prof. Ajay Rana, without whose
active cooperation , involment, support and guidance, this work would
not have been completed successfully.
He has provided us with the requisite information whenever needed.
This has helped us immensely in carrying out the work well within the
given time limits.
5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GREEN BUILDING
b) About ITC
c) The ITC Green Centre Project
d) Building Design
e) MATERIALS USED
f) Salient features of Platinum rated ITC Green
g) Highlights of the building
h) GREEN FEATURES OF THE BUILDING
1.12) CONCLUSION
6
1.1)INTRODUCTION
Green buildings ar healthy, energy-efficient buildings that increase natural light-weight, incorporate
high performance systems, and improve air flow for occupants. inexperienced living roofs and
plenty of of varied decisions may even be supplemental to integrate the building directly into the
surroundings.
Background
Green or sustainable buildings use key resources like energy, water,
materials, and land rather more expeditiously than buildings that square measure
merely engineered to code. They conjointly produce healthy working and living
environments, with additional natural light-weight and cleaner air, and contribute
to improved worker and student's health, comfortness and their productivity.
Property buildings make measure cost-efficient, saving taxpayers money by
reducing maintenance prices and operations.
7
The Issue of Cost
Benefits embody some parts that ar comparatively simple to quantify, like energy
and water savings, further as those who ar less simply quantified, like the
employment of recycled content materials and improved indoor environmental
quality. before this report, no comprehensive analysis of the particular prices and
monetary advantages of inexperienced buildings had been completed, though
there ar variety of studies that do begin to deal with this important issue.
8
What is a Green Building?
9
1.2)IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS
The overarching purpose of this report is to answer the subsequent question: will
it create money and economic sense to make a inexperienced building?
inexperienced buildings might price additional to make than standard buildings,
particularly once incorporating additional advanced technologies and better levels
of LEED, or property. However, they conjointly supply important price savings
over time.
10
This report can look for to calculate {the current|the gift|this} worth of
inexperienced buildings and elements on a gift worth (PV) or internet present
worth (NPV) basis. PV is that the gift worth of a future stream of economic
edges. NPV reflects a stream of current and future edges and prices, associate
degreed ends up in {a worth|a worth|a price} in todays bucks that represents this
value of an investment\'s future money edges minus any initial investment. If
positive, the investment ought to be created (unless an excellent higher
investment exists), otherwise it mustn\'t.69 This report assumes acceptable|an
acceptable} discount rate over associate degree appropriate term to derive
associate degree educated principle for creating property building funding
selections. Typically, money edges for individual components ar calculated on {a
gift|a gift} worth basis then combined within the conclusion with internet prices
to reach a internet present worth estimate.
11
The Blueprint notes that because of these barriers, many sustainable building
applications are prematurely labelled as unproven or too costly. Consulting
Specifying Engineer echoed this view in its issue, indicating that: the perception
that green design is more expensive is pervasive among developers and will take
time to overcome and inhibiting green design is the perception that green
costs more and does not have an economically attractive payback.
1. The design and construction process for the first green building of a client or
design/architectural firm is often characterized by significant learning curve
costs, and design schedule problems such as late and costly change orders.
2. The relative newness of green technologies and systems can make designers,
architects and clients conservative when using them. They may oversize
green building systems and not fully integrate them into the building, thereby
reducing cost savings and other benefits. Similarly, cost estimators may add
uncertainty factors for new green technologies they are not familiar with, and
these can compound, further inflating cost estimates.
!
12
Fig 4:Natural sunlight through the windows decreases
overall lighting energy expenses for Forest Hills.
Fig5:The Helmus Building offers its tenants nicely appointed workspace with
ample daylight
13
!
Fig.7:The Sisters chose to refurbish 800 original windows, simultaneously saving
costs and reducing wastes. The windows can now be opened, allowing residents
to
control room temperature and fresh air supply.
14
1.4) Energy Use
Energy could be a substantial and well known value of building operations which
will be reduced through energy potency and connected measures that area unit a
part of inexperienced building style. Therefore, the worth of lower energy bills in
inexperienced buildings will be important. the typical annual value of energy in
state buildings is around $1.47/ft .On average, inexperienced buildings use half-
hour less energy than typical buildings a discount, for a 100,000 foot state
office block, worth $44,000 p.a., with the 20-year gift price of expected energy
savings value over 1,000,000 greenbacks.
A detailed review of sixty LEED rated buildings, as well as five LEED rated
buildings in folks, clearly demonstrates that inexperienced buildings, when put
next to traditional buildings, are:
15
4. More seemingly to get grid power generated from renewable energy sources
(green power and/or tradable renewable certificates.
Although the environmental and health prices related to pollution caused by non-
renewable wattage generation and on-the-spot fuel use area unit usually
externalized (not considered) once creating investment selections, the energy
reductions completed through the look and construction of inexperienced
buildings scale back pollution and lower the environmental impact of typical
power generation. This report seeks to quantify a number of the advantages, as
well as {the price|the worth} of peak power reduction and therefore the value of
emissions reductions related to the energy methods integrated into inexperienced
building style.
1.5)EMISSION OF ENERGY
Air pollutants that result from the burning of fossil fuels include:
3. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2 or SOx) a principal cause of acid rain. (SOx and SO2
are functionally the same for the purposes of this report.)
16
4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) the principal greenhouse gas and the principal
product of combustion.
There are at least three ways of valuing the costs of air pollution associated with
burning fossil fuels:
1) The direct costs of pollution effects on property, health and environment can be
calculated and then allocated on a weighted or a site-specific basis.
Energy use in People state buildings is over 95% electricity . The generation of
electricity, particularly from fossil fuels, creates a number of harmful emissions.
Average green building use of conventional energy (and the resulting associated
emissions) is on average about 36% lower than conventional buildings. Adding
emissions reductions from green power purchases to overall electricity
consumption reduction provides a total emissions reduction of 36% compared to
conventional buildings.
17
Estimated Costs Associated with Pollution from Power Generation
Air pollution from burning fossil fuels to generate electricity imposes very large
health, environmental and property damage costs. Demonstrated health costs
include increased mortality and increased respiratory ailments. The health,
environmental and property damages associated with pollution from burning
(15)fossil fuels commonly referred to as externalities are only partially
reflected in the price of energy. Estimating the costs of externalities is technically
difficult politically problematic, and overall an inexact science. There have been
dozens of attempts to estimate the external costs of power generation, but these
efforts have not produced consensus.
18
1.6)WATER CONSERVATION
People are facing substantial water shortages that are expected to worsen.
Drought years can be particularly difficult to People. Urban water users have
experienced mandatory rationing, small rural communities have seen wells go
dry, agricultural lands have been fallowed, and environmental water supplies
have been reduced. Without additional facilities, all of these conditions will only
deteriorate with Peoples projected population increase.
Thus, water conservation not only saves money for the end user through reduced
utility expenditures, but also saves state water districts the costs of facilities
construction and expansion and prevents potential environmental damage.
Green building water conservation strategies typically fall into four categories:
1.7)WASTE REDUCTION
19
Green building waste reduction strategies can occur at time of construction and
throughout the life of the building.
Construction waste reduction options include:
1. Reuse and minimization of construction and demolition (C&D) debris and
diversion of C&D waste from landfills to recycling facilities.
2. Source reduction, e.g., (1) use of building materials that are more durable and
easier to repair and maintain, (2) design to generate less scrap material
through dimensional planning, (3) increased recycled content, (4) use of
reclaimed building materials, and (5) use of structural materials in a dual role
as finish material (e.g. stained concrete flooring, unfinished ceilings, etc.).
3. Reuse of existing building structure and shell in renovation projects.
This section contains a brief overview of what is known about health, human
comfort and productivity in relation to green building design and operation. The
conclusion contains a reasonable and conservative estimate for the monetary
value of productivity gains in green buildings. Health and productivity issues,
20
often addressed separately, are combined here because both relate directly to
worker well-being and comfort and both can be measured by their impacts on
productivity.
This section contains a brief review of the impact of three specific green building
features or systems: commissioning, underfloor air distribution systems, and cool
roofs. The energy, environmental and health benefits of these technologies and
practices are included in the relevant sections above. However, one additional
benefit of underfloor air reduced cost of churn is not accounted for elsewhere
in this report, and is calculated below.
21
and capable of being operated and maintained according to the owners
operational needs.
23
1.10)INSURANCE BENIFITS OF GREEN
BUILDING
Risk, and associated losses, is costly, with or without formal insurance. With
conventional insurance, customer costs include deductibles, premiums and
possible excess costs if the insured loss level is capped. If commercial insurance
is not used, then the building owner is either formally or informally self-insured.
Formal self-insurance implies that a distinct premium is paid from internal
budgets and accumulated in the form of an earmarked loss reserve. If self-
insurance is informal, then the risks are said to be retained and losses are paid
from general operating budgets, without the creation of an anticipatory loss
reserve.318 Where formal or informal self-insurance is used, risk management is
particularly important, since there is no hedge (upper limit) against loss costs.
1.11)CASE STUDY
24
Energy consumption Statistics
Normal building of similar area 35,00,000 kWh/year
ITC Green Centre 20,00,000 kWh/year
Annual Energy Savings Rs. 9 Million
% increase in initial cost - 15%
About ITC
The ITC Green Centre houses the headquarters of ITCs Hotels Business and was
declared the worlds largest Platinum rated Green Building when it was certified in
2004.
25
The project was conceived to be a Green building in sync with ITCs
commitment towards a Greener tomorrow.
Unique character to the building is that it got the Platinum rating at a time when
the rating was not customized to suit Indian condition and priorities.
Since most of their projects were rated Gold, ITC decided to go a step ahead
and try for the platinum rating. It may sound like a short step forward, but it
took the company a lot of time and effort to get all the nuances of a platinum-
rated green building right.
Green Materials
The first hurdle was acquiring green materials like green wood obtained from
sustainable forests and low-volatility organic compounds for construction,
which at that time were not easily available in the country. Here, ITC received
help from USGBC, which helped it source the materials. Numerous energy
sensitivity exercises had to be conducted with ITC design and architecture
consultants and employees, sensitizing them with issues of environment
conservation.
Why Glass?
During the project design it was targeted to cut down the energy consumption
significantly, compared to a conventional building. At ITC Green Centre, energy
consumption has been slashed by as much as 51% through design integration alone. In
fact, in daytime, unlike other office buildings, artificial light is not consumed at all
here. The glazing for the building has been designed to maximize the effect of natural
light, largely eliminating the need for artificial ones.
At the same time, the window glass, while allowing light inside, does not
allow heat. This, not only keeps the office cool from inside during the day, but also
decreases the load on air-conditioners
26
modeling analysis. Saint-Gobain with its expertise to address such situations could
work closely with the architect and the client and provided them various options of
modern sustainable glazing.
ITC could achieve the twin proposition of lending in abundant natural light yet
cutting down the heat gain in the interiors with advanced high performance
glazing solutions.
Design Intent:
High energy efficiency of the faade with optimum light
transmission
On the Northern side, the glass solution was required to give a higher
27
Building Design
By giving the Lshape configuration the width of the floor Plate is reduced for the
same amount of floor plate area thereby allowing natural light to penetrate deep into
the interior spaces
The atrium joins the different functions of the building and connects them into
an ensemble encouraging a sense of community and interaction.
The octagonal atrium has side light from the top to provide a glare
free natural lighting in the interior without allowing direct heat gain from
the roof.
Interior roller shades to reduce Heat gain
28
1. Saint-Gobains Cool-lite Blue Green double glazed with Ekologik
which has very low solar factor (SF) and U-Value with optimal light
transmission
2. The north side with Parsol Green double glazed with Ekologik with
higher light transmission and low solar factor (SF) and U-Value to
maximize daylighting
MATERIALS USED
Carpet
CRI Green Level certified
Recycled content of 60%
Source : Bealuie of America , US
29
55% Flyash content
26% pozolana
30
2. Storm Water Management: Rainwater recharge pits to ensure zero
discharge into municipal drainage.
3. Heat Island Effect: 80% underground parking. More than 75% of the terrace
has been insulated and coated with the reflective high albedo roof paint.
4. Light Pollution Reduction: Minimum exterior lighting to limit night sky
pollution.
b) Water Efficiency
1. Water Efficient Landscaping: Native plants, high efficiency irrigation
system and 100% recycled water for irrigation.
2. Innovative Waste Water Technologies: Fluidized Aerobic Bioreactors
(FAB) sewage treatment plant provided.
3. Water Use Reduction: 40% reduction in water usage over base case.
c) Energy & Atmosphere
1. Energy: Exceeds ASHRAE 90.1 base case standards by 51%.
2. Envelope: External wall of 250mm thickness. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Blocks, double glazed windows, 75mm-thick extruded polystyrene roof
insulation. Extruded polystyrene (XPS) is a type of insulation material with a
high R-value, good moisture resistance, high structural strength and low
weight. Extruded polystyrene is used extensively as thermal insulation in
industrial, commercial and residential construction
3. HVAC: Chillers of COP 6.1, double skinned AHUs, VFDs, VAVs, Heat
Recovery Wheel.
5. Ozone Depletion: All HVAC equipment are free from CFC / HCFC /
Halons.
1. Use of glass which has 19% recycled content helped ITC to get points in
recycle content.
2. Use of other recycled and recyclable resources, with materials like fly ash
based cement etc. More than 10% of the building materials used are recycled,
refurbished or salvaged from other sites
3. 40% of the total raw materials used were procured within 500 miles of the
project site such as double glazed glass faade and window framing, 250mm
thick auto-claved and aerated concrete block wall
32
4. Daylight and views: Views to external glazing from at least 90% of regularly
occupied areas
5. Use of solar photo voltaic for emergency lighting
6. Use of green material to reduce heat gain from rooftop / building envelope
with high performance glazing and proper insulation material
side walls. Low cost version of this idea is to paint the rooftop white or
33
control (Dedicated copy printer room with independent exhaust) indoor
air quality (iaq) system.
Optimized energy performance through efficient designs light pollution
reduction ozone protection ( by using cfc, hcfc & halon free refrigerants)
water use reduction storm water management
Use of recycled materials
CO2 monitoring systems in AHU (operates when internal co2 is 530ppm Or
more than external atmosphere)20 days flush out of entire building air prior
to occupation
1.12)CONCLUSION
34