I HC Y DC TP.

H CH MINH KHOA Y T CNG CNG

KIM NH CHI BNH PHNG

Mn hc: Thng k y hc

Hunh Ngc Vn Anh

B mn Thng k y hc v Tin hc
 MC TIU

Sau khi hc xong, hc vin c kh nng:

1. Tnh c cc gi tr nh t do, vng tr, chi
bnh phng.
2. ng dng c cc kim nh Chi bnh
phng, Fisher trong nghin cu khoa hc.
 3

N TP
Bin c lp
Bin Nh gi Danh nh Th t - nh lng
ph thuc
a bin
nh lng Tng quan Pearson
c phn phi T-test ANOVA
bnh thng Hi quy tuyn tnh
nh lng
phn phi Mann- Kruskal-
Tng quan Spearman
KHNG bnh Whitney Wallis
thng

Chi bnh Chi bnh Hi quy Logistic

Nh gi
phng phng Hi quy Poisson
3
 4

N TP

Bc 1 Xy dng gi thuyt Ho
Cc
bc Bc 2 Chn kim nh ph hp
xy 2 ca s
Tnh gi tr thng k
dng Bc 3
liu thu thp c
1
Tnh xc sut ca thng k 2
kim Bc 4
gi l gi tr p
nh
Bc 5 Kt lun chp nhn Hohay
bc b Ho
4
1. KIM NH CHI BNH PHNG

(2)
 6
1. Kim nh 2:
Cng dng ca kim nh 2:
- Kim nh s lin quan gia cc bin s hng v
bin s ct.
- S phn phi ca cc c nhn ca mt bin s
ny c ph thuc vo s phn phi ca bin kia
hay khng.
- Bng c hai hng v hai ct (2 x 2) gi l so
snh hai t l.
- Bng c nhiu hng v nhiu ct (n x m) gi
l so snh nhiu t l.
 7
1. Kim nh 2:

C 240 ngi c tim vacxin phng bnh cm

v 220 ngi khng c tim vacxin. Trong
nhm tim vacxin c 20 ngi b cm v trong
nhm khng c tim vacxin c 80 ngi b
cm. Hy so snh t l mc cm gia 2 nhm?
C s khc bit v t l mc cm gia nhm tim
so vi nhm khng c tim vacxin hay khng?
C mi lin quan gia vic tim nga vi bnh
cm hay khng?
 8
1. Kim nh 2:
Bc 1: t gi thuyt Ho
- T l mc cm nhm c tim vacxine v nhm
tim placebo l nh nhau
- Khng c s khc bit v t l mc bnh cm
gia nhm tim vacxin so vi nhm khng tim
vacxin
 9
1. Kim nh 2:
Bc 2: Chn la kim nh ph hp
Kim nh ph hp l kim nh 2 vi t do
df = (h 1)(c 1) = (2 1)(2 1) = 1
Bc 3: Tnh gi tr thng k
Lp bng phn phi tn sut
Bnh cm
c tnh
C Khng Tng
a b
C 20 220 240
Tim c d
Khng 80 140 220
vacxin
Tng 100 360 460
 10
1. Kim nh 2:
Bc 3: Tnh gi tr thng k

Tnh vng tr: Tong cua cot Tong cua hang

E=
Tong so chung
Ea= (100 x 240) / 460 = 52,2
Eb= (360 x 240) / 460 = 187,8
Ec= (100 x 220) / 460 = 47,8
Ed= (360 x 220) / 460 = 172,2
Bnh cm
c tnh
C Khng Tng
a b
C 20 220 240
Tim c d
Khng 80 140 220
vacxin
Tng 100 360 460
 11
1. Kim nh 2:
Bc 3: Tnh gi tr thng k
Tnh 2 :
(O E) 2
=
2
, d. f . = 1 ot do vi bang2 x 2
E
Trong :
O: S quan st
E: Vng tr Bnh cm
c tnh
C Khng Tng
52,2 187,8
C 20 220 240
Tim 47,8 172,2
Khng 80 140 220
vacxin
Tng 100 360 460
 12
1. Kim nh 2:
Bc 3: Tnh gi tr thng k
Tnh 2 :
( 20 52,2) 2
(80 47,8) 2
( 220 187,8) 2
(140 172,2) 2
2 = + + +
52,2 47,8 187,8 172,2
= 19,86 + 21,69 + 5,52 + 6,02
= 53,09
Bnh cm
c tnh
C Khng Tng
52,2 187,8
C 20 220 240
Tim 47,8 172,2
Khng 80 140 220
vacxin
Tng 100 360 460
 13
1. Kim nh 2:
Bc 3: Tnh gi tr thng k
Tnh 2 :

N ( ad bc ) 2
460 (20 140 220 80) 2
=
2
= = 53,09
h1h2 c1c 2 100 360 240 220

Bnh cm
c tnh
C Khng Tng
a b h1
C 20 220 240
Tim c d h2
Khng 80 140 220
vacxin
c1 c2
Tng 100 360 460 N
 14
1. Kim nh 2:
Bc 4: Tnh xc sut ca thng k

Ta c 2 = 53,09 > 10,83 p<0,001

Gi tr
P
d.f. 0.5 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.001

1 0.45 1.32 2.71 3.84 5.02 6.63 7.88 10.83

2 1.39 2.77 4.61 5.99 7.38 9.21 10.60 13.82

3 2.37 4.11 6.25 7.81 9.35 11.34 12.84 16.27

4 3.36 5.39 7.78 9.49 11.14 13.28 14.86 18.47

5 4.35 6.63 9.24 11.07 12.83 15.09 16.75 20.51

 15
1. Kim nh 2:
Bc 5: Kt lun

Do p< 0,001 BC B gi thuyt Ho

-C s khc bit v t l mc bnh cm nhm
c tim vacxin so vi nhm khng tim vacxin

-Nhng ngi tim vacxin c t l mc cm thp

hn so vi nhng ngi khng c tim vacxin
 16
1. Kim nh 2:
Tnh hp l ca kim nh:
- Kim nh 2 s hp l nu c t hn 20% s
cc gi tr vng tr <5 v KHNG C gi tr vng
tr no <1. (Cochran - 1954)
-Vng tr nh kim nh chnh xc theo Fisher
(Fishers exact)
 17
1. Kim nh 2:
Tm li:
- Gi thuyt Ho: p1 = p2 = ... = pn
Tong cua cot Tong cua hang
- Vng tr: E =
Tongso chung
(O E ) 2
- Gi tr 2 : 2 =
E
- Cch tnh nhanh 2 (ch p dng cho bng 2 x 2)
N ( ad bc ) 2
2 =
h1h2 c1c 2
- t do: df = (r 1)(c 1)
2. KIM NH FISHER
 19
2. Kim nh Fisher:
- Thay th kim nh chi bnh phng khi c >20%
cc c vng tr <5 hoc c vng tr <1
Quy trnh tin hnh:
1. Sp xp li bng sao s liu c tng hng nh
hn nm trn a b a+b
c d c+d
a+c b+d N

5 30 35 2 23 25
2 23 25 5 30 35
7 53 60 7 53 60
 20
2. Kim nh Fisher:
Quy trnh tin hnh:

2. Bt u lit k bng u tin c (1,1) = 0; (1,2)

= a + b; (2,1) = a + c; (2,2) =(c + d) (a + c)

0 25
7 28

3. Bng k tip s tng (1,1) ln 1 n v; gim

(1,2) v (2,1) i 1 v tng (2,2) ln 1
1 24
6 29
 21
2. Kim nh Fisher:
Quy trnh tin hnh:
4. Tip tc cho n khi no c 1 c gi tr l 0 th dng

0 25 1 24 2 23 3 22
7 28 6 29 5 30 4 31

4 21 5 20 6 19 7 18
3 32 2 33 1 34 0 35
 22
2. Kim nh Fisher:
Quy trnh tin hnh:
5. Tnh xc sut cho mi bng:

0 25 1 24 2 23 3 22
7 28 6 29 5 30 4 31
p=0,018 p=0,105 p=0,252 p=0,312

4 21 5 20 6 19 7 18
3 32 2 33 1 34 0 35
p=0,214 p=0,082 p=0,016 p=0,001

( a + b)!(c + d )!( a + c )!(b + d )!

a!b!c! d ! n!
 23
2. Kim nh Fisher:
Quy trnh tin hnh:
6. Gi tr p ca kim nh Fisher (1 ui) l gi tr nh
nht trong 3 trng hp:
0 25 1 24 2 23 3 22
7 28 6 29 5 30 4 31
p=0,018 p=0,105 p=0,252 p=0,312

4 21 5 20 6 19 7 18
3 32 2 33 1 34 0 35
p=0,214 p=0,082 p=0,016 p=0,001
p(0) + p(1) + + p(a) = 0,018 + 0,105 + 0,252
= 0,375
p(a) + p(a+1) + + p(k) = 0,252 + 0,312
+ 0,214 + 0,082 + 0,016 + 0,001 = 0,877
0,5 p = 0,375
 24
2. Kim nh Fisher:
Quy trnh tin hnh:
6. Gi tr p ca kim nh Fisher (2 ui) l l tng gi tr
nh hn gi tr p ca bng ban u:
0 25 1 24 2 23 3 22
7 28 6 29 5 30 4 31
p=0,018 p=0,105 p=0,252 p=0,312

4 21 5 20 6 19 7 18
3 32 2 33 1 34 0 35
p=0,214 p=0,082 p=0,016 p=0,001
Gi tr p ca bng ban u = 0,252

pFisher = 0,018 + 0,105 + 0,252 + 0,214 + 0,082

+ 0,016 + 0,001 = 0,688
p = 0,688
BI TP
 26
Bi tp 1:
ng dng phng php iu tr A cho 20 i
tng c 6 ngi khi bnh v iu tr B cho 20
ngi c 13 ngi khi bnh. S dng kim
nh chi bnh phng, chng ta c th kt lun

iu tr A cho t l iu tr A t l iu
A khi bnh tt hn B tr khi tng
iu tr B 1,76 ln ng iu tr B

C iu tr B c hiu
D
iu tr A cho t l
qu tt hn iu tr A iu tr khi cao hn
iu tr B
 27
Bi tp 1:
tabi 6 14 \ 13 7, exp chi
 28
Bi tp 2:
Mt kho st nhm nghin cu s lin quan ca
tnh trng kinh t x hi v bnh tiu chy tr
em. Nh nghin cu chn ngu nhin 2 nhm tr:
40 tr gia nh kh gi v 50 tr t cc gia nh
ngho. Kt qu sau 3 thng quan st c 10 tr
trong gia nh kh gi b tiu chy v trong gia
nh ngho c 30 tr b tiu chy.
Vy, c lin quan gia tnh trng kinh t x hi v
bnh tiu chy tr em hay khng?
 29
Bi tp 2:
tabi 10 30 \ 30 20, exp chi
 30
Bi tp 3:
Mt cuc iu tra vic s dng mng c tin hnh
trong mt mu ngu nhin gm cc a tr <7 tui
khu vc Ty Nguyn. iu tra ghi nhn dn tc ca
a tr thng ng mng c tm permethrin, mng
khng tm permethrin hay khng ng mng, kt qu
nh bng di. Hi vic tm mng c lin quan n
dn tc hay khng? Tm mng
Khng Mng Mng tm
mng khng tm permethrin
3 88 165
Dn tc KHo 43 73 76
Sting 29 16 26
 31
Bi tp 3:
tabi 3 88 165 \ 43 73 76 \ 29 16 26, exp chi
 32
Bi tp 4:

so snh phn ng ca 2 loi vacxin X v Y,

ngi ta tim cho 348 tr c chia lm 2 nhm
nh bng sau:
Nh TB Lot p xe
Vacxin X 12 156 8 1
Vacxin Y 29 135 6 1
Hi: tc dng ca 2 loi vacxin c
nh nhau?
 33
Bi tp 3:
tabi 12 156 8 1 \ 29 135 6 1, exp chi exact
 34
Bi tp 5:
M tp tin ivf_v2.dta. y l mt nghin cu
nhm tm cc yu t c lin quan n tnh trng
sinh non.
Hy cho bit c mi lin quan gia tnh trng
sinh non ca tr vi gii tnh hay khng?
 35
Bi tp 5:
ng dn trong Stata:
1
2
3

4
 36
Bi tp 5:
ng dn trong Stata:

Bin ct
Bin hng Kim
5 nh Chi 6
10 bnh
11 phng 7 %theo ct
Kim nh 8 %theo hng
Fisher
9 Vng tr

12
 37
Bi tp 5:
tab sinhnon gioi, co ro exp chi

V p = 0,773
CHP NHN Ho
Khng c s
khc bit v t l
sinh non gia tr
trai v tr gi.
Hay khng c mi
lin quan gia sinh
non v gii tnh.
 38
Bi tp 6:
M tp tin ivf_v2.dta. Hy cho bit c mi lin
quan gia tnh trng sinh non ca tr vi tnh
trng tng huyt p ca m hay khng?
 39
Bi tp 6:
ng dn trong Stata:
1
2
3

4
 40
Bi tp 6:
ng dn trong Stata:

Bin ct
Bin hng Kim
5 nh Chi 6
10 bnh
11 phng 7 %theo ct
Kim nh 8 %theo hng
Fisher
9 Vng tr

12
 41
Bi tp 5:
tab sinhnon tang_ha, co ro exp chi
V p < 0,001
BC B Ho
C s khc bit
v t l tr
sinh non gia
nhng b m c so
vi khng c tng
huyt p.
Hay c mi lin
quan gia sinh non
v tng huyt p
ca m.
 42
Tm tt cu lnh trong Stata:
Kim nh chi bnh phng, Fisher:
Cha c bin s: tabi a b \ c d, co ro exp chi exact
C bin s:
tab binhng binct, co ro exp chi exact
tab sinhnon gioi, co ro exp chi exact
co: % theo ct
ro: % theo hng
exp: vng tr
chi: Kim nh Chi bnh phng
exact: Kim nh Fisher