KHO ST HM LNG ASEN, THY NGN

TRONG NC THI TI KHU CNG NGHIP

TRN A BN HUYN AN DNG-THNH PH HI PHNG NM 2017

I. T VN
Hin nay, th gii ang bc vo cuc cch mng cng nghip 4.0. y l mt bc tin
ln ca nhn loi trong vic t ng ha, v chinh phc
II. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
2.1. i tng: mu nc c ly ngay ti ca x nc thi sau x l ti 20 bnh vin theo qui
nh v thng qui xt nghim qui nh ti QCVN 28: 2010/BTNMT [2]. 20 mu nc c ly
t 20 bnh vin, xt nghim v phn tch 17 ch s v sinh
2.2. Phng php: nghin cu m t ct ngang, xc nh cc ch s v sinh i vi nc thi y t,
hin trng qun l nc thi ti cc c s
2.3. Thu thp thng tin: phiu xt nghim nc thi, bng kim kho st cng tc qun l nc
thi ti cc bnh vin.
S liu c phn tch trn phn mm SPSS 13.0 v OPENINFOR, tnh cc gi tr trung bnh, t
l cc mu t tiu chun v sinh cho php. p<0,05 xem xt mc ngha thng k.
III. BN LUN
Qun l cht thi lng ti cc c s y t phn ln cha y v kim sot nc thi theo cc vn
bn qui nh hin hnh trong khi ngun ly nhim cht thi y t v nc thi ra mi trng u
tim n nguy c nguy hi i vi mi trng [3,4]. Cc bnh vin tuyn huyn v tuyn tnh tip
nhn bnh a khoa, vi cc tc nhn gy bnh c bit bnh gy bnh theo ng tiu ha c th
ly truyn ra ngun nc ti tiu v gy nhim thc phm s dng ngun nc ny. Tnh trng
ny gp nhiu c s v c cp trong nhin cu ca cc tc gi ti Nepal. Nghin cu v
qun l cht thi lng y t Nepal ca Sharma DR, Pradhan B, Pathak RP, Shrestha SC. (2010),.
Nghin cu m t ct ngang tin hnh trn 10 trung tm y t. Bng chng v hng dn qun l
cht thi v cc y ban qun l cht thi lng y t khng th c tm thy trong bt k ca cc
bnh vin nghin cu. Tng t nh vy, tng s lng hu hiu nng vt qu tiu chun qui
nh (p = 0.000) khng c s khc bit ng k v s lng nh vy ti cc bnh vin c v khng
c nh my x l (p = 0,232). Qun l cht thi lng ti cc c s chm sc y t khng c tm
thy l tha ng. Mc d ti 1 s c s c lp t nh my x l nc thi v s pht trin ca
cc tiu chun cho cc ch s mi trng c hiu qu gim st, nh gi v kim sot cht ch
thng qua cc khun kh php l c lin quan c thc hin [8].
i vi cc cht thi y t cht lng, kt qu kho st ch ra rng gn nh tt c cc bnh vin c
kho st c x vo h thng thot nc thnh ph m khng cn bt k iu tr. l kt
lun rng nhng bt cp trong hot ng qun l cht thi bnh vin hin nay Damanhour thnh
ph ch yu lin quan ti s phn chia khng hiu qu ti ngun, phng php thu thp khng
ph hp, lu tr khng an ton cht thi, khng ngun lc ti chnh v nhn lc cho qun l
thch hp, v kim sot km x l cht thi . Cc vn khc cn c xem xt l mt thiu trang
thit b bo h ph hp v thiu o to v ng nt r rng trch nhim gia cc phng ban lin
quan trong qun l cht thi bnh vin. Chng trnh qun l cht thi y t c hiu qu l a ngnh
v i hi s hp tc gia cc cp thc hin, t cc chnh ph quc gia v a phng nhn
vin bnh vin v cc doanh nghip t nhn [5,6,7]
Theo phn loi ca t chc mi trng th gii, nc thi bnh vin gy nhim . Ti Vit Nam
tiu chun nc thi bnh vin sau x l phi t tiu chun loi I (TC Vit Nam 7382-2004) mi
c php vo h thng thot nc ca thnh ph v cc h qui nh. Quy nh loi II nc
thi bnh vin quy nh ch s pH 6-9, cht l lng khng ln hn 100mg/l, sunfua khng ln hn
1mg/l, dn xut amoni khng qu 10mg/l, nitorats khng qu 30mg/l, ch s BOD5 khng qu
30mg/l, khng pht hin c cc vi khun gy bnh v tng coliform di 5000.
Cc ch tiu hu c cho thy tnh trng nc b nhim v mc nhim mi, phn hy kt
qu kho st ti cc bnh vin cho thy khong gi tr rng cc ch s nh gi nc thi ti cc
c s y t c ci to h thng nc thi v h thng c ti cc c s. T l mu t tiu chun v
sinh cho php v pH l 80%, COD65%, BOD5 60%, NH4+-N 60% , PO43P 80% , 100% mu
nc thi t ch tiu v sinh v NO3N, S2-v du m TV.
Khng pht hin cc vi khun gy bnh ng tiu ha nh Salmonella, Shigella, Vibro cholerae
trong cc mu nc thi. Tuy nhin ch c 45% mu nc t TCVS v Coliform v gi tr trung
bnh ti cc mu ch s Coliform vt mc TCVS ti 3 ln. Mc nhim Coliform ti nc
thi cho thy nc thi khng qua x l trc khi thi ra cng thi chung hoc x l khng ph
hp khng c hiu qu
T l mu v cc ch tiu hu c t TCVS ti cc bnh vin tuyn tnh v tuyn huyn khng c
s khc bit vi p>0,05
KT LUN: tim n nguy c nhim mi trng t nc thi bnh vin. Cn c kim tra vic
ci to h thng nc thi v nh gi thng xuyn cht lng nc thi bnh vin.
Ti liu tham kho
1. B y t (2007). Quy ch qun l cht thi y t. Quyt nh 43/2007/BYT ngy 30/11/2007
2. B Ti nguyn mi trng (2010). Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi bnh vin.
QCVN 28: 2010/BTNMT.
3. Trn Th Kim (2013), Thc trng qun l nc thi y t bnh vin Vit Tip Hi
Phng, nm 2013. Tp ch y hc d phng, Tp XXIII, s 2 (137), tr: 117-120.
4. Nguyn Xun Tng, Phn Trng Ln, H Minh L (2014), Thc trng c s vt cht,
trang thit b h tr an ton sinh hc v an ninh sinh hc phng xt nghim thuc trung
tm y t d phng tuyn tnh, 2012, Tp ch y hc d phng, tp XXIV, s 8 (157) tr:
143-147.
5. Abd El-Salam MM. (2010),Hospital waste management in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt.
J Environ Manage. 2010 Jan-Feb;91(3):618-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.012.
6. Dehghani MH, Jahed GR, Mesdaghinia AR, Nasseri S. (2008),Using irradiation treatment
for reduction of anaerobic bacteria from a wastewater treatment plant., Environ
Technol. 2008 Nov;29(11):1145-8. doi: 10.1080/09593330801984175.
7. Fuerhacker M, Lemmens-Gruber R, Studenik CR. (2005),Novel screening test to assess the
potential environmental toxicity of waste water samples. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005
Feb;19(2):385-8. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2004.09.007.
8. Sharma DR1, Pradhan B, Pathak RP, Shrestha SC. (2010),
Healthcare liquid waste management. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2010 Apr;8(1):23-6.