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!ield.
the lields of piping and support
have significant
desires to optimize and economic
as well as new forms of technology, have led to in
To protect the public in the nuclear and chemical
numerous international, slate, and local
have been enacted since the late 1960s. In response, various
groups have established codes and standards
The concern for safety has forced the
design criteria aimed at ensuring the of
under 1.musual conditions, such as those
ruptures, or in-line equipment loads. The traditional
were inadequate to meet these new thus new ana-
tools were and have been the last few
as an extension of the power of computers. In such
design _has become a task for the