CIVIL ENGINEERING Mock Examination

MAY 2016

HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

1. A cohesive soil deposit is considered soft if the

unconfined compression strength, in kPa, is between
A. 0 to 24 C. 96 to 192
B. 48 to 96 D. 24 to 48

2. A fireman has to put out a fire but is blocked by a fire

wall. To reach over the wall, he directed the water jet
from the nozzle at an angle of 30 deg to the horizontal.
Evaluate the velocity of the water, in meters/sec, leaving
the nozzle of his hose to reach over the wall if he stands
30 meters away from the wall and the wall is standing 2 m
higher than the nozzle of the hose. Neglect friction in the
jet.
A. 16.8 C. 18.2
B. 20.6 D. 19.6

3. A line joining the points of highest elevation of water in

a series of vertical open pipes rising from a pipeline in
which water flows under pressure is referred to as
A. hydraulic loss C. hydraulic jump
B. hydraulic gradient D. hydraulic head

4. In a triaxial shear test of a cohesionless soil, the soil

cylinder was subjected to a liquid pressure of 16 kPa
inside the chamber. It was observed that failure of the
sample in shear occurred when the axial compressive stress
reached 40 kPa. The angle of internal friction in degrees
is nearest to
A. 27.4 C. 26.8
B. 29.1 D. 25.4

5. A barge, weighing 350 kN when empty, is 6 m wide, 15 m

long, and 3 m high. Floating upright, evaluate the draft of
the barge, in meters, when transporting 3000 bags of cement
along a river, each bag having a mass of 40 kg. Assume the
specific gravity of the water in the river to be 1.02.
A. 1.38 C. 2.01
B. 2.57 D. 1.67

6. A spherical balloon 6 m in diameter is filled with gas

weighing 5 N/m-3. In standard air weighing 12 N/m-3,
evaluate the maximum load, in N, excluding its own weight,
that the balloon can lift.
A. 812 C. 672
B. 792 D. 916

7. Determine the pressure in a vessel of mercury at a point

200 mm below the liquid surface, expressing the answer in
kPa absolute.
A. 132 C. 134
B. 130 D. 128

8. Water flows through a rectangular irrigation canal, 500 mm

deep by 1 m wide, with a mean velocity of 2 meters per
second. Determine the rate of flow in m^3 per minute.
A. 50 C. 80
B. 70 D. 60

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CIVIL ENGINEERING Mock Examination
MAY 2016

HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

9. A layer of soft clay having an initial void ratio of 2.00

is 10 m thick. Under a compressive load applied above it,
the void ratio decreased by one-half. Evaluate the
reduction in the thickness of the clay layer, in meter(s).
A. 3.50 C. 3.33
B. 3.74 D. 3.15

10. A ship having a displacement of 20,000 metric tons enters a

harbor of fresh water. The ship captain recorded a draft of
8.4 m while the ship was still in seawater (specific
gravity = 1.03). Obtain the draft, in meters, of the ship
in fresh water if the horizontal section of the ship below
the waterline is 3000 m2 in both instances.
A. 8.75 C. 9.54
B. 7.78 D. 8.59

11. A pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is

forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum
change) is referred to in hydraulics as
A. potential head C. water hammer
B. hydraulic jump D. hydrodynamics

12. Evaluate the resisting capacity against axial load due to

skin friction
Size of pile: 0.30 m square
Depth of penetration into the
Unconfined compression strnegth
A. 1010 C.
B. 1320 D. 660

13. The permeameter in a falling head permeability test setup

involves a cylindrical soil sample 50 mm in diameter and a
height 200 mm. The hydraulic head in the 10-mm diameter
standpipe through which test water passed dropped from 900
to 600 mm in one-minute of observation. In that duration
the water collected in the graduate was recorded at 1.5
liters. Evaluate the coefficient of permeability of the
soil sample, in cm/sec.
A. 0.00924 C. 0.00715
B. 0.00541 D. 0.00689

14. A soil sample has a water content of 20 percent and moist

unit weight of 18 kN/m^3. The specific gravity of the
solids is 2.65. Obtain the void ratio of the soil.
A. 0.407 C. 0.733
B. 0.635 D. 0.368

15. For the tank shown in FIGURE HHP-1, obtain the depth d, in
meters, of the oil if its specific gravity is 0.84.
A. 1.44 C. 1.37
B. 1.19 D. 1.28

16. An unconfined compression test was conducted on a sample of

clay having a diameter of 50 mm. The failure load was
recorded at 240 N. The cohesion strength of the clay, in
kPa, is nearest to a value of
A. 64.0 C. 61.1
B. 45.0 D. 101.0

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HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

17. When the path lines of the individual particles of a

flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross
each other and form a complicated network, the flow is
called
A. uniform C. continuous
B. laminar D. turbulent

18. A trapezoidal canal has a bottom width of 4 m and side

slopes of 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. When the depth of the
flow is 1.2 m, the flow is 30 m^3/sec. The roughness
coefficient n = 0.015.
Evaluate the slope of the channel using Mannings formula.
A. 0.00195 C. 0.00412
B. 0.00316 D. 0.00447

19. A layer of soft clay having an initial void ratio of 1.50

is 10 m thick. Under a compressive load applied above it,
the void ratio decreased by one-half. Evaluate the
reduction in the thickness of the clay layer.
A. 4.25 C. 3.00
B. 3.75 D. 5.50

20. If the velocity head at one point of a pipeline is 5 m,

what would be the velocity head, in meters, at the point of
the pipeline if the velocity is increased three times?
A. 20 C. 15
B. 45 D. 30

SITUATIONAL

Situation 1 The coefficient of permeability below a dam is 4

m/day. The water on the upstream side is 20 meter higher
than on the downstream side. To estimate the seepage below
the dam, a flow net was graphically drawn such that the
number of potential drops, Nd=10 and the number of flow
channels Nf=4. The base of the dam is founded 1 m below the
ground. Between the heel and the toe of the dam, a distance
of 30 meters, there are 8 potential drops.

21. Evaluate the seepage flow per meter width of dam, in

liters/min.
A. 18.6 C. 32.5
B. 20.6 D. 22.2

22. Determine the uplift pressure at the heel of the dam, in

kPa.
A. 198 C. 177
B. 181 D. 114

23. Determine the uplift pressure at the toe of the dam, in

kPa.
A. 11.4 C. 19.6
B. 14.7 D. 17.6

Situation 2 According to the elastic theory, the vertical

stress induced by flexible line load of infinite length
that has an intensity of q units/length on the surface of a
semi-infinite soil mass can be estimated by the expression
p = 0.637 q/N
when N = z[1+(r/z)2]2

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HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

r = horizontal distance from the line of the load

z = depth of interest at which stress is induced
A concrete hollow block wall weighing 6 kN per lineal meter
is carried by a wall footing 0.60 m wide.

24. Evaluate the bearing pressure, in kPa, exerted by the

footing onto the supporting soil.
A. 14 C. 10
B. 12 D. 16

25. Evaluate the stress in the soil caused by the load depth
equal to twice its width.
A. 7.25 C. 4.43
B. 6.47 D. 5.31

26. Evaluate the stress at a depth of 2 m and a horizontal

distance of 3 m from the line of the load.
A. 0.432 C. 0.668
B. 0.531 D. 0.302

Situation 3 In FIGURE HTRS-2, reservoir A is the source of

water supply and is at Elev. 150 m, B is the junction at
Elev. 91.46 m, C is a town at Elev. 30.49 m with 25,000
inhabitants, D is another town at Elev. 15.24 m with a
population of 30,000. Length AB is 15,240 m, BC is 9150 m,
BD is 6100 m. Determine the size of the pipes if the
consumption is 150 liters per capita per day. For the
pipes, frictional factor f = 0.02. Determine the required
diameter, in meters, of

27. pipe AB
A. 0.450 C. 0.390
B. 0.330 D. 0.420

28. pipe BC
A. 0.366 C. 0.216
B. 0.500 D. 0.196

29. pipe AB
C. 0.450 C. 0.300
D. 0.205 D. 0.150

Situation 4 A square footing 4 m on a side is founded 1.2 m

below the ground surface for which the bulk unit weight of
the soil is 20 kN/m^3, the cohesion strength is 10 kPa, and
the angle of internal friction is 20 deg. Under the
condition of general shear failure, evaluate the
contribution of the following to the ultimate soil bearing
capacity, in kPa. The ground water table is at a level that
does not affect the unit weight of the soil. Use Terzaghis
bearing capacity factors. TABLE SMBC can be useful.

30. cohesion strength

A. 259 C. 230
B. 235 D. 287

31. soil overburden

A. 247 C. 179
B. 260 D. 185

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CIVIL ENGINEERING Mock Examination
MAY 2016

HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

32. footing dimension

A. 98 C. 128
B. 116 D. 102

Situation 5 A rectangular gate 1.5 m wide and 3 m high is

vertically submerged in water with its top edge horizontal
and 2mbelow the water surface.

33. Evaluate the total force acting on one side of gate, in kN.
A. 177 C. 154
B. 143 D. 165

34. Obtain the location of the force from the center of gravity
of the plate, in meter(s)
A. 0.316 C. 0.214
B. 0.225 D. 0.355

35. Obtain the location of the force from the liquid surface,
in meters.
A. 3.71 C. 3.82
B. 3.96 D. 3.61

Situation 6 A solid block having a specific gravity of 3.5 is

placed in a container containing liquid having specific
gravity of 13.6.

36. If the volume of the block is 0.020 cubic meter, obtain the
weight of the block, in kN.
A. 0.824 C. 0.566
B. 0.687 D. 0.751

37. Evaluate the percentage volume of the block that floats in

the liquid.
A. 82.5 C. 67.3
B. 74.3 D. 53.3

38. Obtain the downward force in kN required to make it

completely submerged in the liquid.
A. 1.05 C. 1.98
B. 3.22 D. 2.05

Situation 7 An irrigation canal with trapezoidal cross

sections has the following dimensions: Bottom width = 2.00
m, depth of water = 0.90 m, side slope = 1.5 horizontal to
1 vertical, slope of the canal bed = 0.001, coefficient of
roughness = 0.025. The canal will serve clay-loam Riceland
for which the duty of water per hectare is 3.0 liters/sec.
Using Mannings formula: V = (R^2/3)(S^1/2)/n,

39. determine the hydraulic radius of the canal, in meter(s)

A. 0.432 C. 0.501
B. 0.242 D. 0.575

40. velocity of the water in m/sec.

A. 0.308 C. 0.652
B. 0.479 D. 0.874

41. number of hectares served by the irrigation canal.

A. 897 C. 978
B. 879 D. 789

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CIVIL ENGINEERING Mock Examination
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HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Situation 8 A soil sample has a dry unit weight of 17 kN/m^3

and a void ratio of 0.60.

42. Evaluate the specific gravity of the soil solids.

A. 2.44 C. 2.77
B. 2.65 D. 2.56

43. Obtain the unit weight of the sample in kN/m^3 when fully
saturated.
A. 21.3 C. 20.7
B. 18.6 D. 19.6

44. What is the hydraulic gradient at hydraulic condition?

A. 1.43 C. 1.35
B. 1.11 D. 1.28

Situation 9 A rectangular irrigation canal 6 m wide contains

water 1.0 m deep. It has a hydraulic slope of 0.001 and a
roughness coefficient of 0.013.

45. Evaluate the mean velocity of the water in the canal, in

m/sec.
A. 1.52 C. 2.01
B. 1.06 D. 1.38

46. Evaluate the discharge in the canal, in m^3/sec.

A. 10.8 C. 11.5
B. 13.8 D. 12.0

47. What would have been the depth of the canal, in meters,
using the more economical proportions but adhering to the
same discharge and slope?
A. 2.38 C. 1.67
B. 2.06 D. 2.52

Situation 10 An open cylindrical vessel 1.3 m in diameter and

2.1 m high is 2/3 full of water. If rotated about the
vertical axis at a constant angular speed of 90 rpm,

48. Determine how high is the paraboloid formed of the water

surface, in meter(s).
A. 1.26 C. 2.46
B. 1.91 D. 1.35

49. Determine the amount of water in liters that will be

spilled out.
A. 140 C. 341
B. 152 D. 146

50. What should have been the least height of the vessel, in
meters, so that no water is spilled out?
A. 2.87 C. 3.15
B. 2.55 D. 2.36

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CIVIL ENGINEERING Mock Examination
MAY 2016

d Oil

Water
4 m
3 m Water

FIGURE HHP-1

Elev. 150

Town C
Elev. 30.49

B
Elev. 91.46

Town D
Elev. 15.24
FIGURE HTRS-2

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CIVIL ENGINEERING Mock Examination
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Table SMBC Terzaghis Bearing Capacity Factors

General shear failure Local shear failure
deg Nc Nq N Nc Nq N
0 5.70 1.00 0.00 5.70 1.00 0.00
1 6.00 1.10 0.01 5.90 1.07 0.01
2 6.30 1.22 0.04 6.10 1.14 0.02
3 3.62 1.35 0.06 6.30 1.22 0.04
4 6.97 1.49 0.10 6.51 1.30 0.06
5 7.34 1.64 0.14 6.74 1.39 0.07
6 7.73 1.81 0.20 6.97 1.49 0.10
7 8.15 2.00 0.27 7.22 1.59 0.13
8 8.60 2.21 0.35 7.47 1.70 0.16
9 9.09 2.44 0.44 7.74 1.82 0.20
10 9.61 2.69 0.56 8.02 1.94 0.24
11 10.2 2.98 0.69 8.32 2.08 0.30
12 10.8 3.29 0.85 8.63 2.22 0.35
13 11.4 3.64 1.04 8.96 2.38 0.42
14 12.1 4.02 1.26 9.31 2.55 0.48
15 12.9 4.45 1.52 9.67 2.73 0.57
16 13.7 4.92 1.82 10.06 2.92 0.67
17 14.6 5.45 2.18 10.47 3.13 0.76
18 15.1 6.04 2.59 10.90 3.36 0.88
19 15.6 6.70 3.07 11.36 3.61 1.03
20 17.7 7.44 3.64 11.85 3.88 1.12
21 18.9 8.26 4.31 12.37 4.17 1.35
22 20.3 9.19 5.09 12.92 4.48 1.55
23 21.8 10.2 6.00 13.51 4.82 1.74
24 23.4 11.4 7.08 14.14 5.20 1.97
25 25.1 12.7 8.34 14.80 5.60 2.25
26 27.1 14.2 9.84 15.53 6.05 2.59
27 29.2 15.9 11.6 16.30 6.54 2.88
28 31.6 17.8 13.7 17.10 7.07 3.29
29 34.2 20.0 16.2 18.03 7.66 3.76
30 37.2 22.5 19.1 18.99 8.31 4.39

qu = KccNc + KqDfNq + KBN

qu = ultimate bearing capacity

= unit weight of the soil
B = width of footing
c = cohesion of soil
Df = depth of founding of footing
Nc Nq N = bearing capacity factors
q = overburden pressure
Kc Kq K = constants

General shear failure

Footing Kc Kq K
Long 1.00 1.00 0.50
Square 1.30 1.00 0.40
Circular 1.30 1.00 0.30
For local shear failure,
the value of c is reduced by 1/3.

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