PRINSIP REKAYASA

DAN ILMU KEALAMIAHAN DASAR

PR 8

NAMA : CARISYA DARA SALSABILA

NIM : 21050115140112
TANGGAL : 14 DESEMBER 2015

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
9.9.

Gasoline= 20 mpg = 8,5 km/l

Vcar moving= 60 mph= 60 x 1,609= 96,54 km/h

SGgasoline = 0,72 =
1000/

Density of gasoline = 0,72 x 1000 kg/m

= 720 kg/m
96,54 /
Volume flow rate = 8,5 /
= 11,35 l/h

Mass flow rate = density x volume flow rate

1
= 720 kg/m x 11,35 l/h x 1000

= 8,172 kg/h

9.10.

Cylinder and disk have an inertia of MR2

2
Sphere has an inertia of 5

With the same mass and radius the sphere would have the smallest moment of inertia.
Therefore, the sphere would get to the bottom first followed by the disk and cylinder
with the same time

9.31.
1
Kinetic energy = 2

a) 1500 kg car moving at 100 km/h

b) 200,000 kg boeing 777 moving at 700 km/h

Answer:
250
a) 100 km/h equals to m/s
9
1 250 2
Kinetic energy = 2 (1500 ) ( 9
) = 578703.70
So, the kinetic energy of a car moving is 578703.70 Joule or 3583567.8 BTU or
2788622323.265 ft.lb
1750
b) 700 km/h equals to m/s
9
1 1750 2
Kinetic energy = (200,000 ) ( ) = 3780864197
2 9
So, the kinetic energy of boeing 777 is 3780864197 Joule or 3583567.8 BTU or
2788622323.265 ft.lb
9.47.

Total mass = 10 kg

Mass scale shows a value of 9.45 kg after 30 minutes

Answer:

Mass of fuelused in kg every 30 minutes: 0.55 kg or 1.1 kg per hour

1.1 kg per hour equals to 1.529 liter per hour

1.529 liter per hour equals to 0.404 gallon per hour

Therefore the fuel consumption is 0.404 gallon per hour

10.20.

a. Bicycle tire
Road tires : 80 psi to 130 psi
Mountain tires: 30 psi to 50 psi
Hybrid tires: 50 psi to 70 psi

b. Home water line: 40 to 45 psi

c. Natural gas line

Flow lines: approximately 250 psi
Gathering lines: approximately 715 psi
Transmission pipelines: 200 psi to 1200 psi
Distribution pipelines: 0.3 psi up to 200 psi.
Service pipelines: carry gas in low pressure such as 6 psi

d. Refrigerant
e. Condenser lines

10.22.

R1 = 5 cm

R2 = 20 cm

F1 = 1000 N

m2?

Answer:

25
F2 = = 400 1000 = 16000

16000
m = 10
= 1600
10.29.

F = 2500 N

2500
= =
(0,1 )(0,0005 )

= 5 x 107 Pa = 50 Mpa

10.33.

Traffic light weight = 40 lb

d = 24 ft

answer:

= = 40 24 =

10.39.

Computer weigh = 22 N

Distance = 1 m

Answer:

W = 22 N x 1 m = 22 N . m

Force =

Time of contact (s) Average Reaction Force

0,01 22 .
= 2200
0,01
0,05 22 .
= 440
0.05
0,1 22 .
= 220
0,1
1,0 22 .
= 22
1.0
2,0 22.
= 11
2.0
11.6.

Toven = 450F

Tkitchen= 78F

Answer:

a. TK TO = 78F 450F = 372F

b. TK (R) = 78F + 460 = 538R

TO (R) = 450F + 460 = 910R
TK TO = 538R 910R = 372R

5
c. TK(C) = (78 32) = 25,56C
9
5
TO(C)= 9
(450 32) = 232,22C
TK TO = 25,56C 232,22C = 206,66C

d. TK (K) = 25,56C + 273 = 298,56 K

TO (K) = 232,22C +273 = 505,22 K
TK TO = 298,56 K 505,22 K = 206,66 K

11.7. Obtain information about K-, E-. And R-type thermocouple wires. Write abrief report
discussing their accurancy, temperature range of application, and in what application they
are commonly employed!

Answer:

a. K-type thermocouple wires

o Accurancy
Standard: 2.2C% or .75%
Special Limits of Error: 1.1C or 0.4%

o Temperature range of application

Thermocouple grade wire, 454 to 2,300F (270 to 1,260C)
Extension grade wire, 32 to 392F (0 to 200C)
Melting Point, 2550F (1400C)

o Commonly employed
menggunakan dua logam Chromel (Ni-Cr alloy) Alumel (Ni-Al alloy) yang
digunakan untuk mengukur range suhu 200 C hingga 1372 C.

b. E-type thermocouple wires

o Accurancy
Standard: 1.7C or 0.5% Above 0C 1.7C or 1.0% Below 0C
Special: 1.0C or 0.4%
LIMITS OF ERROR (whichever is greater)
 o Temperature range of application
Thermocouple Grade 328 to 1652F 200 to 900C
Extension Grade 32 to 392F 0 to 200C

o Commonly employed:
menggunakan dua logam (Chromel / Constantan (Cu-Ni alloy) yang
digunakan untuk mengukur range suhu -200C hingga 1000 C.

c. R-type thermocouple wires

o Accurancy:
Standard: 1.5C or 0.25%
Special: 0.6C or 0.1%
LIMITS OF ERROR (whichever is greater)

o Temperature range of application

Thermocouple Grade 32 to 2642F 0 to 1450C
Extension Grade 32 to 300F 0 to 150C

o Commonly employed:
menggunakan dua logam (Platinum /Platinum with 7% Rhodium) yang
digunakan untuk mengukur range suhu -50C hingga 1768 C.

11.11.

Tinside = 68F

Toutside= 10F

Exposed area = 150 ft2

Answer:
TinsideToutside ()
q=
=

= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7

= 0,17 + 0,44 + 0,1 + 1,72 + 2,28 + 0,45 + 0,68

= 4,84 h ft2 F/Btu

(6810) 150
q= 4,84 /

58 150
= 4,84 / = 1797,5 Btu/h
11.34.

Surface temperature = 30C

Surrounding temperature = 25C

Surface area = 4 cm2

h = 25 W/m2K

answer:

A = 4 cm2 = 4 x 10-4 m2

Ts Tf = 30C 25C = 5C = 5 K

qconvection = h x A x (Ts Tf)

= 25 W/m2K x 4x10-4 m2 x 5 K

= 0,05 W

13.2.

a) Toyota camry XSE 2015

0-60 mph = 7,9 s
Weight = 3250 lb
Engine = 178 hp at 4,100 RPM
Answer:

V1 = Vinitial = 0

1 5280
V2 = Vfinal = (60
) (3600 ) ( 1 ) = 88

(3250+180)
m=
= 32,2 /2
= 106 slugs
the required work to go from 0 to 60 mph

1 1
work1-2 = 2 22 2 12

1
work1-2 = 2 (106 ) (88 ) 0 = 410,432 .

the power requirement to perform this work in 7,9 seconds is

410,432 .
power =
= 7,9
= 51,95 .

the power expressed in horsepower is

 . 1
power = 51,95 (
)( ) = 94,4
550 .

b) Honda accord LX
0-60 mph = 5.8 s
Weight = 3170 lbf
Engine =185 hp at 6,400RPM
Answer:

V1 = Vinitial = 0
1 5280
V2 = Vfinal = (60
) (3600 ) ( 1 ) = 88

(3170+180)
m=
= 32,2 /2
= 104 slugs
the required work to go from 0 to 60 mph

1 1
work1-2 = 2 22 2 12

1
work1-2 = 2 (104 ) (88 ) 0 = 402,688 .

the power requirement to perform this work in 5,8 seconds is

402,688 .
power =
= 5,8
= 69,42 .

the power expressed in horsepower is

. 1
power = 69,42 (
)( ) = 126,2
550 .

c) BMW 750 Li
0-60 mph = 6.2 s
Weight = 5940 lbs
Engine = 445 hp at 5500 RPM
Answer:

V1 = Vinitial = 0
1 5280
V2 = Vfinal = (60
) (3600 ) ( 1 ) = 88

(5940+180)
m= = = 190 slugs
32,2 /2
the required work to go from 0 to 60 mph

1 1
work1-2 = 2 22 2 12

1
work1-2 = (190 ) (88 ) 0 = 735,680 .
2
 the power requirement to perform this work in 6,2 seconds is

735,680 .
power =
= 6,2
= 118,65 .

the power expressed in horsepower is

. 1
power = 118,65 (
)( ) = 215,7
550 .

13.5.

Power input to the pump by the motor (kW)

0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2

Power input to the fluid by the pump

0.3, 0.55, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0

Answer:

Efficiency =

0.3
o Efficiency = 0.5 = 0,6

0.55
o Efficiency = = 0,785
0.7

0.7
o Efficiency = 0.9 = 0,778

1
o Efficiency = 0.9 = 1,1

1.2
o Efficiency = 1.0 = 1,2
Efficiency curve:

Efficiency
1
0.9
0.8 0.833333333
0.785714286 0.777777778
0.6 0.6

0.4 Series1

0.2

0
0.5 0.7 0.9 1 1.2

13.8.

a) Home refrigerator
Minimum: 100 W
Maximum: 400 W

b) 25 TV set
Minimum: 150 W
Maximum: 150 W

c) Clothes washer
Minimum: 500 W
Maximum: 500 W

d) Electric clothes dryer

Minimum: 1000 W
Maximum: 4000 W

e) Vacuum cleaner
Minimum: 200 W
Maximum: 700 W

f) Hair dryer
Minimum: 2000 W
Maximum: 2500 W

13.12.

Cooling capacity = 18.000 Btu/h

EER= 11 1 hour?

$ 0,14/KWh, runs 8 hrs/day 31 days

COP?

Answer:
()
EER = ()

18.000
11 = ()

18.000
Energy input to the compressor = = 1636 Wh = 1,636 KWh
11
1,636 8 $ 0,14
Cost to operate the unit = ( )x( )x( )x (31 days)
1
= $ 56,8
18.000
COP = = 3,2
(1636 0 (3,412 )

Or
11
COP = = = 3,2
3,412 3,412

17.3. Identify and list at least five different materials that are used in your TV set or
computer!

Answer:

Materials that are used in computers are:

a. Metals metals are commonly used as computer casings.

b. Plastic plastic used as insulation to protect computer parts against heat and some
are used in capacitors, which conduct electricity.
c. Ruthenium used on high-performance hard disks
d. Gallium can be found in insulators, transistors, and processors
e. Hafnium material used on processors

17.28.

Air density at 8000 m is 0.526 kg/m3

Air density at 11000 m is 0.365 kg/m3

Power at 8000 m : Power at 11000 m = 0.526 : 0.365