Arcaia

Ellada
(Ancient Greece)

Packet #2
Name:______________
Class hour:____










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(Mycenaeans and Minoans)

Locations

Minoans







Minoan Lifestyle







Fall of the Minoans






Mycenaeans







Mycenaean Society and
Culture




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The Trojan War







Homer

Fall of the Mycenaens

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 Aqhna kai Sparth (Athens and Sparta)

Athens Geography




Athenian Government







Athenian Philosophy & Daily Life






Sparta Geography






Spartan Government







Spartan Philosophy & Daily Life

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 Aqhna kai Sparth (Athens and Sparta)

Men in Athens
In Ancient Athens, men were the head of the family. They were also placed in head political and
social roles. All men were given the same rights, as long as they were not a slave.
Many Greek parents wanted boy children. A son would look after his parents in old age. A
father could also decide whether or not the family kept a new baby. Unwanted or weak babies
were sometimes left to die outdoors.
Boys started attending school at the age of 7. School-teachers needed payment, so poor boys
did not get much education. Most Greek schools had around 20 students. Boys at school
learned reading, writing, arithmetic, music and poetry. Part of their lessons included learning
stories and poems by heart. Boys did athletics, to keep fit and prepare them for war as soldiers.
They ran, jumped, wrestled and practiced throwing a spear and a discus. They trained on a
sports ground called a gymnasium.
Most men had to work hard. They worked as farmers, sailors, fishermen and craftworkers -
such as potters, builders, metalworkers and stone-carvers.
Every man aged 20 to 50 or more could be "called up" for military service. A rich man might
have to serve as captain of a warship for a year. He paid the crew and made repairs.
Men did not get married until their late 20s or early 30s. Their wives were usually only 13-16
years old!

Women in Athens
Girls learned housework, cooking and skills such as weaving at home. Girl did not attend school
for a formal education.
Marriages were arranged for some women by the age of 5, and most weddings would take
place by the time the girl turned 14.
Rich, respectable women were expected to spend nearly all of their time in the house, leaving it
only for special occasions such as funerals and festivals. However, poor women, whose
husbands could not afford slaves, had to work beside their husbands, go shopping for food and
collect water. Some were forced to work for a living. In one way, you could say they were the
lucky ones at least they weren't cooped up in a house.
Women were not allowed in the Athenian democratic assembly (the government). Women
were not allowed to enter into contracts, buy anything expensive or own property. They could
own jewelry, clothes and a personal slave, but that was it. Women could divorce their
husbands. If their husbands died, women were not allowed to inherit, or receive, their
husbands property.

Slaves
There were about 100,000 slaves that lived in ancient Athens. Some slaves were captured in
wars. Others were born slaves. Some people were forced into slavery when they could not
afford to pay money they owed. Anyone finding an abandoned baby could adopt it and take it
home, perhaps to raise it as a slave. Some slaves were owned by the state, like slave-
archers from Scythia, who were used as "police" by the Athens government.
Some slaves accompanied rich women out in public. Sometimes this was the only time women
were allowed to leave their own house.
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A few slaves had special skills, such as nurses, teachers, or pottery painters. Most slaves did the
hardest and most unpleasant jobs. A lucky slave might save enough money to buy his freedom.
A wealthy family sent a slave to walk to school with the boys. The slave stayed at school to keep
an eye on them during lessons.
Slaves were not allowed to own land or vote in the democratic assembly.

Men in Sparta
Spartan boys left their families at the age of 7 to be trained to become part of the full-time
professional army. While in training, they had very strict education (that emphasized physical
fitness) and training requirements, which included not always being fed well. If they were
caught stealing food, they would be punished. While in training, they were encouraged to fight
each other, but not in anger. If someone showed signs of cowardice, it was seen as almost a
crime. Boys were taken to the temple of Artemis to compete to show their toughness and
endurance. The training males were split into age groups:
- Boys 7-17 learned reading, writing, dancing and singing, and tough physical education
- Older boys, 18-19, trained for the army and survival techniques
- Youths, 20-29, underwent harsh military training as part of the standing arming
- Adults, 30+, were full citizens and expected to marry
All men had to live in his barracks until he was 30, and if he married (could get married at 20),
he had to visit his wife in secrecy. All men belonged to messes which were small groups that
met and dined together and lived in the same housing.

Women in Sparta
Women received an education and physical training. The physical training was to make them fit
and strong to ensure that they would have healthy babies (which would then make strong
soldiers). If a woman gave birth to a sickly/weak baby, the baby was taken to the nearby
mountains and left there to die. Their physical training focused on gymnastics, choral song, and
dance. The sedentary life that many women had in other city-states (sewing, cleaning, cooking,
art), was frowned upon by Spartan women and they believed that those tasks were left for the
slave women instead.

The Perioikoi and Slaves (Helots) in Sparta
The Perioikoi were not slaves, but not full citizens of Sparta. They had to provide military
service and could be involved in the management of trade and manufacturing, but they could
not take part of the actual process.

The Helots (slaves) were people from surrounding Greek city-states that the Spartans defeated
in war. The Spartans as a whole owned them, not individually, and the leaders of Sparta would
yearly declare war on them out of fear of revolts. They provided most of the agricultural work
and produce for the rest of the Spartan population.

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 Aqhna kai Sparth
(Athens and Sparta)

Whos Philosophy is Better Debate

Directions: After taking notes on Athens and Sparta, the class will be split in half to defend the
philosophies of either city (citizens rights, slaves, military, family, etc). Each team will have to
split in the following roles:
- speakers (present the arguments to the class)
- recorders (write down what each side is saying)
- researchers (find facts and other information to support the speakers)

Your debate team will be graded on the following rubric:
4 3 2 1
Information All information Most information Most information Information had
presented was presented was presented was several
clear, accurate, clear, accurate, clear and accurate, inaccuracies
and thorough and thorough but was not and/or was usually
usually thorough not clear
Use of Every major point Every major point Evey major point Every point was
facts/statistics was well was adequately was supported not supported
supported with supported with with some facts,
several relevant relevant facts, statistics, and/or
facts, statistics, statistics and/or examples but
and/or examples examples relevance was
questionable
Rebuttal All counter- Most counter- Most counter Counterarguments
arguments were arguments were arguments were were not accurate
accurate, relevant accurate, relevant accurate and and/or relevant
and strong and strong relevant, but
several were weak
Respect for other All statements There was one There were two Most comments
team were respectful instance of instances of made were
and appropriate disrespect/ disrespect disrespectful
inappropriateness and/or
inappropriate
Understanding of The team had a The team had an The team mostly The team had no
topic clear average did not clear knowledge
understanding of understanding of understand the on the topic
the topic and the topic topic
provided in-depth
information with
confidence



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O
(The Olympics)



Setting of the first Olympics




Who Participated




Greek Mythologys Role

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 Poleo!
(War!)



Persian War: Where and Who?









Persian War: Battles & Outcome









Peloponnesian War: Where and
Who?








Peloponnesian War: Battles &
Outcome







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(Persian War Battle Plans)

Directions: Your group will be assigned a battle from the Persian War. You are then to create a
battle plan to be presented to the class.
The Battles:
- Battle of Marathon (Greek Perspective)
- Battle of Marathon (Persian Perspective)
- Battle of Salamis (Greek Perspective)
- Battle of Salamis (Persian Perspective)
- Battle of Thermopylae (Greek Perspective)
- Battle of Thermopylae (Persian Perspective)
- Battle of Plataea (Greek Perspective)
- Battle of Plataea (Persian Perspective)
(Links for these battle locations are on Google Classroom)

Your battle plan requirements:
- map of battle area
- a map key with the following:
o symbols for Greeks
o symbols for Persians
o symbols for landforms
- drawn battle strategies (think of X and O marks for sports)
- A written version of the battle plan shown on the map

After each group presents their battle plan, everyone will make a prediction on who won the
war: The Greeks or The Persians?

Predictions:

Battle of Marathon Prediction: ____________________
Battle of Salamis Prediction: ______________________
Battle of Thermopylae Prediction: _________________
Battle of Plataea Prediction: ___________________

Final Prediction (whole war): __________________




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Name:
Class Hour:
Persian War Video Guide

- Persian War Video Part 1
1. Why did the Persians go to Greece?


2. How do the Greeks trap the Persians during the Battle of Marathon? (can draw)


3. Where do the Greeks send a runner to after the battle?


4. What did this runner shout before dying?


5. What do the Athenians build?


6. What does this building symbolize?


- Persian War Video Part 2
1. Why did the Greeks choose to fight the Persians at Thermopylae?


2. What gives Hoplites their name?


3. Did the arrows do any real damage to the Greeks?


4. What is a Dory?


5. What is the Greeks secondary weapon called?


6. Was the battle a continuous battle?


- Persian War Video Part 3
1. Who does Xerxes send in to fight the Greeks the 2nd day of battle?

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2. What is one theory for how Xerxes found the pass to the other side of the Greek
army?

3. Where did the Phoenician troops do instead of guarding the path?


4. How many men actually stayed to fight with Leonidas and the 300 Spartans?


5. What happens after Leonidas and the 300 Spartans lose the battle at
Thermopylae?


6. Where do the Greeks lead the Persians as revenge for the burning of Athens?


7. What happened after the Battle of Salamis?

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Delian League Reading
Following the Persian Wars, Athens formed the Delian League, which was an alliance of various
Greek city-states. The point of the league was to be prepared for any future attacks. The League took
money and trained men for battle. The money was kept in Delos, a Greek island. About 200 members
of the League would meet each year in Delos. Athens was in charge of guarding the money. The
Greeks wanted to make sure they were prepared for war instantly.

The League was founded by Pericles. Pericles told Athenians to build a wall to defend their city for
from future attacks. He also traveled to Sparta and convinced the Spartans to grant a treaty for 30
years of peace. This treaty would allow Greece to recover from the Persian Wars. Spartans agreed to
the treaty.

During Pericless rule, Athens entered the Golden Age. During the Golden Age, Athens expanded
their city with new buildings. Many philosophers, such as Socrates and Aristotle, studied philosophy
during this time. Athens also began to rebuild their city during this time. They used columns in their
architecture. Some of these buildings were devoted to Greek Gods and Goddesses, such as the
Parthenon in Athens. Greeks also started to sculpt realistic images of people, including some
mythological characters.

During the Golden Age, boys attended school from the age of 6 to 18. In primary school, all boys
learned how to play a lyre and to read the work of Greek Poet Homer. At 18, boys entered military
school for 2 years, and graduated at age 20.

Girls were not educated, but many learned to read and write at home. Girls also learned cooking,
sewing, and other house-making skills. Girls were married around the age of 15, and their husbands
were often in their late 20s or early 30s! Rich women were not allowed to leave the house except
for festivals and other special events.

At first Sparta was fine with Athens guarding the money. Soon, the very small amount of money
Athens was in charge of became very large. Athens grew rich from protecting the money. Athens
began to use the Leagues money to use their navy. This made Athens very powerful.

The League and the power it gave Athens over the rest of Greece were to become one of the major
reasons for the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and its allies. The Delian League declared war on
the Peloponnesian League. The Athenians were now led by Alcibiades, and they attacked the city-
state of Syracuse, in Sicily. However, just before the invasion Alcibiades was accused of desecrating
temples of Hermes. Instead of facing trial, he ran to Sparta.

When Athens tried to invade Sicily, Alcibiades destroyed their plan. Sparta ended up winning when
they surprised Athenian troops on their way home from Sicily.

The Peloponnesian War lasted for 28 years! Over the years, Spartas well trained soldiers continued
to defeat Athens. Athens did not have enough food or supplies to handle the attacks. Athens ended
up surrendering to Sparta in 404 BCE.

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Sparta took over the city of Athens and implemented oligarchy rule. Athens began to revolt against
the rule, and so did other city states. Sparta could not fight all of the city-states and lost their control.

Peloponnesian League

The Peloponnesian League was an alliance of states in the Peloponnese region, first organized by the
Spartans. King Cleomenes I saw the rise of the Delian League a threat to Sparta, so he put forth the
major plans of the Peloponnesian League. The goal of the League was to form strategic and
beneficial alliances, allowing all city-states in the league to build strength, security, and power. The
Spartans at the height of their power wanted to stay out of war and be at peace, which is why they
created the league.

The city-state of Sparta was a force to be dealt with. After defeating the Messenian revolt, they
started looking ahead for defense against the newly formed Delian league. Unlike the Delian League,
the Peloponnesian League had no league membership fees or taxes. The Peloponnesian League also
allowed each member a single vote regardless of the size of the state or the number of people. In
times of war, each member had to donate a third of its current army to the Peloponnesian Leagues
cause.

The Delian League and Peloponnesian League were close to battle many times, and finally the war
began. The Peloponnesian War lasted 28 years, and near the end, Sparta did take over Athens for a
time, however, Sparta grew weak and the Peloponnesian League came to an end.

Directions: Answer the following questions IN COMPLETE SENTENCES.
1. What was the point of the Delian League?


2. What happened during Pericles rule of Athens?


3. What was life like for boys in Athens during the Delian League? What was life like for
girls?



4. What happened to Athens/The Delian League?


5. Why was the Peloponnesian League formed?


6. What are the differences (hint- more than 1!) between the Delian League and
Peloponnesian League?

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(Peloponnesian War)


Directions: Using your assigned city-state, Athens or Sparta, and create one of the following
projects to either state whether you are For the city of your choice, or against in order to
persuade the viewer to side with you (you are mimicking trying to get allies from other Greek
city-states in the Peloponnesian War)

Your project options:
- Editorial (1pg. persuasive paper)
- Propaganda (persuasive poster w/ catchy slogan)
- political cartoon (comic strip)
- powerpoint/prezi/etc presentation

Your projects should be factual (include information from our notes and readings) and be
prepared to show them to your tables and the class.

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