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X-ray Fluorescence

in the IAEA and its


Member States

XRF
Prepared by the
Agencys Laboratories,
Seibersdorf
Published by the
International Atomic Energy Agency
Vienna

No. 1 December 2000

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................1

THE IAEA XRF LABORATORY ....................................................1

FUTURE ACTIVITIES OF THE IAEA XRF LABORATORY ...........3

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN XRF DETECTORS............................3

NEW BOOKS OF POTENTIAL INTEREST TO THE XRF


COMMUNITY ........................................................................4

ISSN 1608-4632







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